Noma yimuphi umdobi angakutshela kalula zonke izinzuzo. zander. Wonke umuntu, ngentokozo, ukulungele ukuziqhayisa ngokubamba okunesisindo esingafika ku-12 kg. Ubuciko bangempela bobuciko benziwa kule nhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kudla okungenamanzi amnandi kutholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo futhi ukudoba kuwo akuxhomeki enkathini yonyaka.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

River zander - ummeleli odumile kakhulu we-perch. Kusatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia (amanzi amasha), emigodini yasolwandle iBaltic, iBlack, i-Azov, i-Aral ne-Caspian. Ibanjwa emanzini eLake Issyk-Kul kanye neLake Balkhash. Le yinhlanzi enkulu ngokulingene, ekhula ngobude obungaphezu kwemitha. Isisindo sabantu abanjalo ngamakhilogremu ayi-15.

Isici esibonakalayo ngamazinyo amakhulu ama-fang-form, phakathi kwawo amancane. Amazinyo abesilisa makhulu kunalawo abesifazane. Olwandle lweCaspian kanye nolwandle Olumnyama kungatholakala ulwandle izinhlanzi zander. Lezi zinhlanzi zincinci kunezinhlobo zazo zamanzi amasha. Ubude bucishe bube yi-50-60 cm, isisindo - 2 kg. I-Pike perch ihlukaniswa ngumzimba omude, omncane, ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini.

Isidlakudla sePike perch

Phezulu, ikhanda nomhlane kuphuzi ngokuhlaza, isisu simhlophe. Isikali siwela imivimbo emnyama. Amabala amnyama anamathiselwe kumaphethelo emhlane nasemsileni, kanti i-anal fin iphuzi ngombala.

I-perike pike yolwandle ihlukile emanzini ahlanzekile ngosayizi nendawo yokuhlala. Futhi, zinobubanzi obukhulu bamehlo futhi azikho izikali ezihlathini. I-Pikeperch inomqondo ophakeme kakhulu wephunga futhi ingezwa iphunga elikhulu kakhulu. Kepha le mfanelo ayisetshenziswa nhlobo nezinhlanzi ekuzingeleni. I-pike perch ivikelwe yisimo sase-Ukraine futhi ifakwe ohlwini lwayo elibomvu.

Ukuba yinto ebalulekile yokudoba, kukhona ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi i-pike perch yiyona ebizwa ngokuthi yi-catalyst yekhwalithi yamanzi; ayisoze yahlala ngisho nasemanzini angcolile.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukubamba zander Ungakwazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, noma kunjalo, ukudoba kwesizini ngayinye kunezimpawu zayo. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyadingeka ukutadisha imikhuba, izindawo lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona, isisekelo sokudla somphangi. I-Pike perch yinhlanzi emnandi, inyama yakhe, ngokuzethemba okugcwele, kungabizwa ngokuthi ukubanga kwezinhlanzi zaseRussia. Inyama enamafutha aphansi ingathosiwa, enosawoti, ibheme, iphekiwe.

Futhi izindlebe ne-aspic zithandwa kakhulu. Amafutha e-Pike perch fish ahlukile, inyama inenani elikhulu lamavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo empilweni.

Ungathenga i-pike perch cishe kunoma iyiphi esitolo. Kodwa-ke, ama-zander amasha angonakala enkingeni yesikhathi esifushane, lapho uthenga, kufanele unake hhayi ngentengo, kepha ngosuku lokukhiqizwa oluboniswe kuphakheji.

Zander zesifazane nezowesilisa

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Indlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi ayishadi (ngokuhlukile kokuphakanyisiwe). UZander uyasebenza ubusuku nemini. Ebusuku, ngaphezulu futhi kungaya kumamishi angajulile. Esikhathini sosuku, ukhetha ukujula kwamamitha ayi-3-5. I-Shelter ingaphansi kwesihlabathi noma amatshe ayigugu, lapho kukhona khona izingibe namatshe amaningi.

ISudak iyisishishi esisezingeni eliphezulu, esishisayo. Ijubane layo amahora lingafinyelela kumitha owodwa ngomzuzwana. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi ayilahlekelwa amandla okwenza ukuphonsa. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ijubane lenyuka laya kumamitha amabili ngomzuzwana, kodwa lingahlala libe yimizuzwana engama-30.

Abazingeli abangaphansi kwamanzi bezilwane abazingelayo abesabi, ama-zander angaya kumuntu kude kakhulu. Uma i-pike perch ingena enetheni yokudoba, ayikhombisi ukumelana futhi ilale ngesikhathi esifushane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Pike perch ingeyonhlobo lwe-chordate, izinhlanzi ezifakwe imisebe ye-ray, iqembu le-perch-like, umndeni we-perch, uhlobo lwe-pike perch, i-pike perch ejwayelekile inikezwe isigaba. Abathandi bezitsha zenhlanzi ezilungiselelwe ngesisekelo se-zander abaphakamisi ukuthi badla omunye wabameli basendulo bezimbali nezilwane eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngokumangazayo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okhokho basendulo be-pike perch bavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-25 edlule. Iminyaka eyizigidi ezi-4-5 edlule ikhona, ayikashintshi nhlobo nangaphandle.

Ividiyo: ISudak

Okhokho bakudala be-zander banamuhla babeyizinhlanzi ezihlala olwandle olujulile. Isikhathi sokuvela kwabo sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi se-Oligocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-33-23 edlule. Ukuhlolwa okwatholakala kweDNA kokunye okutholakele kuveza ukuthi zander zanamuhla zavela ngesikhathi sePliocene, mhlawumbe ngonyaka wezi-5.5 wezigidi edlule. ISiberia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwezinhlanzi zesimanje.

Ucwaningo oluningi lwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okwase kungamakhulu eminyaka akunamphumela ekubonakaleni kwale nhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwenzeka inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lolu hlobo lwabameli bamanzi ahlanzekile omndeni we-perch wakhulisa kakhulu isifunda sendawo ehlala kuyo. Ukusuka emkhakheni weSiberia, i-pike perch yasakazeka cishe emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-zander. Izinhlobo ezintathu zihlala endaweni yeRussian Federation: ezejwayelekile, iVolga nezasolwandle.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Pikeperch izinhlanzi

Usayizi we-zander uncike ngqo esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala. Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi kwe-pikeperch ngamasentimitha angama-50-70, futhi isisindo ngamakhilogremu 2-2.3. Unomzimba omude, omude, ocindezelwe kamuva. Isici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ukwakheka kwezixhobo zomlomo. Izinhlanzi zinamazinyo amaningi abukhali, anjengomfanekiso obude obugobe kancane emgomeni womlomo. Ngosizo lwa mazinyo, i-pike perch ibhoboza inyamazane yayo ngesikhathi sokubanjwa. Phakathi kwama-fangs amade kusenama-denticles amaningi amancane. Ingxenye yomgogodla womlomo ifinyelela ezingeni lamehlo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kwezinye izindawo, ubude bomzimba wenhlanzi eyodwa budlula imitha, futhi isisindo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-15.

Amagileri asendaweni engemuva kwekhanda. Izembozo ze-gill zimbozwe kancane yizikali. Amagilethi angaba bomvu noma apinki. Umbala we-gill slits awuhlali ufaniswa. Amehlo anezici zokwakheka. Banesendlalelo esikhanyayo esinikeza umbono omuhle ebumnyameni. Umzimba ongaphezulu ekhanda, emuva kanye nomsila uluhlaza okotshani, isisu asikho mhlophe. Isikali siwela imicu emnyama, ecishe ibe mnyama. Amapani ngemuva nasemsileni ahambisana nezindawo ezimnyama. I-anal fin ihlukile kwezinye futhi inombala ophuzi ophuzi.

Amaphiko amabili atholakala emuva. I-Fin elitholakala ngemuva kwekhanda inemisebe ebukhali. Ngemuva kwegebe elifushane ngemuva kunenye futhi i-Fin, ephakeme kancane kuneyokuqala, futhi ayinazo izimpaphe ezibukhali. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zinezici ezihlukanisayo zangaphandle kuqhathaniswa namanzi amasha. Banobubanzi obukhulu bamehlo futhi abukho esikalini esifundeni se-buccal. Izinhlanzi ngokwemvelo zinikezwa umuzwa obukhali kakhulu wephunga. Iyakwazi ukubona ububanzi obuningi kakhulu bephunga elihluke kakhulu noma ukude kakhulu.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngezinhlanzi, ulwandle noma i-pike yamanzi amasha. Ake sibheke lapho i-zander ihlala khona emvelweni yayo yemvelo.

Ihlala kuphi i-zander?

Photo: Pikeperch ngaphansi kwamanzi

ISudak yindawo yokudoba yezimboni. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi eMpumalanga Yurophu nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zeRussia Federation. Ukujula okulungile kakhulu lapho i-pike perch izizwa ikhululekile khona ngamamitha amahlanu. Ebusika, ukuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinhlanzi ziyacwila ziye phansi, zimbozwe ngamatshe amatshe, futhi zifune indawo yokuhlala. Imvamisa lokhu kuba yisiqu, i-driftwood, noma ukumane nje kube ngaphansi kwephansi.

Njengesifunda sendawo yokuhlala, izinhlanzi zithanda kuphela amanzi acwebile ahlanzekile, noma amanzi olwandle anezinga eliphakeme lokugcwala komoya-mpilo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-zander, ngokwesibonelo, uLwandle Olumnyama, oluhlala kahle ngokuphelele, kumanzi amasha nolwandle anosawoti. Kodwa-ke, akukho nohlobo lwazo oluyohlala ezifundeni ezingcolisiwe noma emanzini ane-oxygen eyanele.

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-zander:

Izindawo eziningi ezinqolobane eziseMpumalanga Yurophu, imifula yeBelarus, i-Ukraine, amadamu okugcina amanzi ahlanzekile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Asia awafani. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala naseCanada, eNyakatho Melika. IZander itholakala kwamanye amachibi e-UK.

Umumo onjalo obanzi wokusatshalaliswa kwempilo yasolwandle kungenxa yokuthi esikhathini esithile abantu baxazulula izinhlanzi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Isibonelo, indawo yokugcina amanzi yaseMozhaisk, echibini leCherbakul lesifunda saseChebabysk, endaweni yokugcina amanzi eMoses Canal, iLake Balkhash eKazakhstan, e-Issyk - kul eKyrgyzstan, izinhlanzi zitholakala kuphela ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. ISudak ithanda kakhulu amanzi ane-pebble ngezansi, izingxenye ezijulile zemifula namachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile. Emanzini angajulile, lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alwenzeki.

Ngabe zander zidlani?

Photo: Pikeperch emanzini

I-Pike perch ingeyolesigaba sezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane noma ama-crustaceans amancane. Ama-fangs anamandla, agobile ngaphakathi awashiyi thuba. Ngesikhathi sokubanjwa, i-pike perch yenza ukubhoboza okubucayi emzimbeni wesisulu, futhi amazinyo amancane esibeletho somlomo abambe ngokuqinile inyamazane, ayivimbe ukuba iphume.

Umuzwa obukhali wokuhogela nombono omuhle kakhulu uvumela i-pikeperch ukuba izingele ngempumelelo futhi ithole isisulu sayo ngisho nasebumnyameni obugcwele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwakheka kwento yokuzingela kunomzimba omude, omude. Kulesi simo kuphela, i-pike perch ingaginya kalula inyamazane.

Okusebenza njengendawo yokudla yezinhlanzi:

UZander uthathwa njengomzingeli onekhono. Usebenzisa amaqhinga akhethekile wokuzingela. Akujwayelekile ukuthi axoshe isisulu sakhe. Usebenzisa amaqhinga alindelekile. Imvamisa, umhlaseli uyazifihla futhi aqhubeke enganyakazi kuze kube yilapho inyamazane isifinyelele. Ube esemhlasela ngokushesha lapho acashe khona. Ukukhula okuncane kungondli nje kuphela ezinhlanzini ezincane nasezinweleni, kepha futhi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane - ama-bloodworms, ama-leeches, izibungu ezahlukahlukene, njll.

IZander iyisidlakela esidla ubhedu. Zingela ngentshiseko yobusuku nobusuku. Waneliseke ngokuphelele, ucasha endaweni yokukhosela ekhethiwe futhi uyaphumula ngesikhathi sokugaywa kokudla. Isisulu sisebenza kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukudla okuningi. Esikhathini sensimbi, umsebenzi we-zander uyancishiswa, futhi udla ukudla okuncane.

Izinhlobo zeZander

Imvamisa kuba nezingxoxo zabadobi ngesihloko se-zander ezingohlobo lwedamu. Ingabe kukhona izingxabano mayelana nokuthi i-zander ulwandle noma izinhlanzi zasemfuleni? Othile ukubheka njengenhlanzi yasemfuleni, nomuntu - okhethekile wasolwandle. Eqinisweni, izinhlanzi ze-zander zimelele kuyo yomibili imifula emisha nezindawo ezinosawoti omncane olwandle. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ze-pike perch zimelelwa ngezigaba ezibanzi.

Ngaphandle, zonke izinhlobo ze-pike perch ziyehluka kuphela ngosayizi nombala wesikali. Izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ngokuvamile ziba zinkulu kakhulu. Ummeleli omkhulu wezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezivamile zander. Kuvame kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina zaseRussia futhi kwenza umncintiswano wokudlela nge-burbot, i-pike ne-catfish. Umbala wayo uluhlaza grey. Imivimbo ezinhlangothini imnyama futhi nsundu.
IVolzhsky zander (i-bersh) ibonakala ngamafangs amancane, ikhanda elifushane nezikali ezikhulisiwe. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani omnyama ngemivimbo emnyama. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-bersh incane kancane kune-zander ejwayelekile.

I-zander yaseCanada ihlala endaweni eseNyakatho Melika, inani eliphakeme labonwa eCanada. Faka umbala ophuzi-luhlaza, umzimba ezindaweni ezimnyama. Isihlabathi salo omele lo mndeni sibizwa ngenxa yombala, futhi izici ziyahlangana naphansi kwesihlabathi.
ILightfin perch uhlobo olukhulu oluhlala emanzini ase-United States naseCanada. I-zander ephuzi - igama lesibili lale nhlanzi, elitholwe ezicini zokufakwa kombala womzimba - umbala we-chestnut onemibala ekhanyayo yelamula kanye nomhlane omnyama.

I-zander yasolwandle imelelwe emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama, Azov nolweCaspian. Abamele le nhlobo bancane ngosayizi ngombala ompunga okhanyayo nemivimbo emnyama.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: River fish zander

Ngokuvamile, ama-zander ahlala emhlambini, yize kunabantu abangashadile. Inani eliphakathi kwezinhlanzi esikoleni esisodwa ngu-25- 40. Izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukwakha izikole ezinkulu, inani lazo ezingafinyelela amakhulu abantu. Umhlaseli usebenza kakhulu ebumnyameni, yize kungabuye futhi ukuzingela phakathi nosuku. I-Pikeperch iyinhlanzi endala kakhulu futhi esheshayo, engahlakulela isivinini esikhulu.

Izinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-3-5, emanzini angajulile cishe azitholakali. Lapho kuqala ikwindla, acwila aze afune indawo yokuhlala ukuze alinde isithwathwa nokubanda. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni eziningi ngokuya ngezigaba zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukufihla ingqondo akujwayelekile kubo. Ekhanda lomhlambi onjalo ngumuntu omkhulu futhi onamandla kunabo bonke. Ekupheleni komhlambi kunabantu abancane kunazo zonke ubusika bazoba okokuqala kubo empilweni yabo. Ngemuva kokuphela kobusika, umhlambi unamathela ndawonye kuze kube ukuqhuma kuvela, bese-ke ukuhlakazeka ngamaqembu amancane bese kusakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.

IPikeperch ivame ukusaba ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi lapho ilanga liphezulu, izinhlanzi zifihla ezindaweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungafinyeleli kuzo. Akujwayelekile ukuthi i-zander idlale emanzini, ichithe, noma igxume iphume kuyo, njengenye inhlanzi. Uziphilisa ngendlela yemfihlo, engabonakali. I-Pike perch ithanda kakhulu izihlahla ezinamahlamvu amaningi awela emanzini. Zigwema ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi cishe azitholakali ekujuleni kolwandle ngaphansi kodaka.

Umhlaseli udinga isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuphumula. Imvamisa, ngamahora ambalwa ngosuku. Lapho inhlanzi igcwele, ifihla endaweni yokukhosela ephephile, futhi ichitha amahora amaningi lapho ezindaweni ezifihliwe - ngaphansi kwezihlahla, amatshe, njll. IPikeperch ingahamba, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga elide kakhulu.

Usayizi we-Pike perch

I-pike perch iyinhlangano emele wonke umndeni. Umuntu ngamunye ufinyelela isisindo esingama-20 kg. Isisindo esivamile salolu hlobo luvame ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 kg. I-Bersh inesisindo esincane - cishe i-1 kg. I-Canada pike perch - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4 kg. Abamele izinhlobo zezimbali eziphuzi bafinyelela ku-11 kg, futhi ubukhulu be-pike perch bungaphezu kwe-2 kg.

I-Zander spawning

Lapho nje amanzi efudumala aze afike kuma-degree ayi-10, imvamisa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-zander ahamba aqhume. Umhlaseli uhlakazeka eningizimu yezwe ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, emgqeni ophakathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, nasenyakatho ngoMeyi. Ngokuqhekeka, isigqila sibhukuda emanzini angajulile siye endaweni ethule esecashile - ene-driftwood noma izihlahlana ezikhungethwe amanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuqhekeka kwe-zander kuyaqhubeka amasonto amathathu. I-Caviar ye-pike perch yomthunzi ophuzi. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amancane ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Pikeperch ejwayelekile

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngesikhathi lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elijwayelekile kufanele lifike kuma-9-10 degrees. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussian Federation, isikhathi sokuqala kokuza komzimba kwenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, ezinhlanzini zamanzi zaseYurophu, lapho izimo zezimo sezulu ezipholile ziphakathi nendawo, noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ezindaweni zasenyakatho zokuhlala - ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, ukuqala kwehlobo. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ezindaweni eziyizintandokazi futhi ezaziwayo ze-pike perch, esikhathini esiningi kumamitha ayi-4-6. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, umhlaseli ukhetha izindawo lapho kuthule futhi kube nokuzola khona.

Isikhathi sokuzalela, izinhlanzi zihlangana ngamaqembu amancane, aqukethe abesilisa abaningana, kanye nowesifazane oyedwa noma ababili. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ithola indawo efanelekile futhi uyihlanze ngosizo lomsila. Futhi, njengendawo yokuphonsa umsila we-caviar, umgodi ungenziwa ngaphansi kwedamu, elinobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-40-60 nokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10-15.

Izinsikazi ezisakazwayo zihlukile kuphela ekuntweleni kokusa.Ekuseni kakhulu, insikazi ithatha ukuma mpo, ukuphela kwekhanda kwehliswa. IZander ibhekwa njengezinhlobo zezitshalo zasolwandle ezithandekayo.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Owesifazane oyedwa, osisindo sakhe singama-kilogre angama-7-8, angabekela ama-1 ml amaqanda.

Amaqanda mancane kububanzi obukhulu obungamamitha ayi-millimeter ayi-light ngombala. Iduna elikhulu lomhlambi lilungele ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda abekwe. Uthulula kakhulu ubisi ku-caviar ebekwe. Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yowesilisa ngamunye ayifakwanga kuphela umanyolo, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamaqanda. Njengonogada, owesilisa wesibili ngobukhulu emhlambini angaphuma. Akavumeli noma ngubani ukuba enze umunyu futhi anikeze amanzi nxazonke. Kuthi kuphela lapho izingane ziphuma emaqandeni, unogada ashiye iposi lakhe bese eshiya.

Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 zidlula, bese kuvela izinhlanzana ezincane, ubukhulu bawo bungudluli kuma-5-6 mm. Azivumelaniswa nempilo ezimele futhi azikwazi ukuzidla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, inhlanzi isabalale ngezindlela ezihlukene bese iqala ukudla iplankton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fry akhiwa kusuka kwizibungu, ukubukeka nokwakheka komzimba okufana nabantu abadala. Izinga lokukhula kwamafry lincike ezimweni zokuhlala nasenanini lokudla. Isikhathi sokuthomba senzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-3-4. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile se-zander yiminyaka engu-13-16.

Izindlela Zander

ISudak yinhlanzi yasendulo. Kuyasungulwa ukuthi le nhlobo yahlala emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-25 edlule. Futhi ngesimo sayo samanje, sekuphele iminyaka eyizigidi ezinhlanu. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuzange kuthinte ukuvela kwalesi simeleli sezimpaphe ze-ray; kuthinte izindawo abahlala kuzo zander, okwandisa kakhulu leyo ndawo. I-Pike perch itholakala ezinhlanzini zamanzi zase-Europe, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Lesi sidlakudla sihlala emifuleni yoLwandle Olumnyama, Azov, Caspian nolwandle iBaltic.

Izitha zemvelo ze zander

Photo: Pikeperch izinhlanzi

Endle, i-zander inezitha ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisulu zasolwandle ezinkulu futhi ezisheshayo azihambi ngokudliwayo hhayi kubantu abadala kuphela, kodwa futhi gazinga, futhi ngisho nse-caviar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifundeni zezindawo zemvelo, lapho kungekho khona ukudla okwenele, izitha zomdlwenguli zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izimbangi zokudla eziphambili - isicabucabu ne-aukha.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ezifundeni eziningi lapho kuhlala khona ama-zander, ayiboni ingozi enkulu futhi amanani ayo awahlupheki embonini yokudoba, noma ekuhlaselweni yizitha zemvelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi inhlanzi zigcinwa ezikoleni, okuthi kwandise amathuba okusinda.

Izitha zander endle:

Isibalo esikhulu sezitha ezingenhla siyingozi kubantu abasha noma nge-clutch ene-caviar. I-Caviar ingadla futhi ezinambuzaneni zasemanzini, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans. Ukuhlukumezeka kubhujiswa ngesikhathi sesiphepho samanzi, ushintsho olubi ezimweni zezulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abantu nemisebenzi yabo babalwa phakathi kwezitha zomhlaseli. Kubeka engcupheni inani lezinhlanzi, hhayi nje kuphela njengomdobi, kodwa futhi njengomchithi wokuphila kwasemanzini. Umsebenzi wesintu ungcolisa imithombo yamanzi futhi uholela ekufeni kwezakhamuzi eziningi zasolwandle.

Indlela yokuphila yeZander

Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo akubekezelelwa kahle yi-pikeperch, ngakho-ke kuthambekele empilweni emanzini ahlanzekile. Amazinga aphansi awamesabi. ISudak izizwa inethezekile endaweni ebandayo yaseBaltic.

Ukukhula okuncane kuyalahleka emaphaketheni, okwandisa amathuba okuphumelela ekufuneni ukudla. Indlela yokuphila yabantu abadala zander ukuthi ukhetha ukuhlala emaqenjini abantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-30. Ukujula kwendawo yokuhlala ntofontofo ye-pike perch cishe ngamamitha ayi-5. Ebusika, umhlaseli ucwila ezansi emigodini, aze afike kumamitha ayi-12 ngokujulile, futhi acashe ngaphansi kwesiqu noma umgodi. I-Zander ibusika ngamaqembu ngezigaba zeminyaka - ekuqaleni, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziyaqoqana, futhi ekugcineni imihlambi emincane kakhulu isondele. Ngokunikwa lesi sici, abadobi abanolwazi babamba ngempumelelo amasampula amakhulu ngesikhathi sokudoba ubusika be-zander. I-Pike perch ihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Emini, kusuka enanini elikhulu lokukhanya, ucasha ngezimbobo ezijulile futhi acashe ezindaweni zokukhosela zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Ihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, lesi sidlakela asisetshenziswanga ukugoqa sizungeze futhi sifinyelele phezulu kwamanzi, okwenza ukuhlala kwawo kungagcineki.

Umjikelezo wempilo we-zander

Ukuthomba ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-5 yokuphila. Inhlangano yomshado ifaka abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabaningana, kanti munye kuphela kubo onelungelo lokushada. Kamuva, le ndoda yeduna iqapha amaqanda kuze kuzalwe izinhlanzi ezincane. Izilwane ezisencane zanda isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngisho nasemncane zingadla abameli abancane bezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ubukhulu bamafangqa e-zander kungenye yezinto ezihlukanisa umehluko wobulili phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa. Abesilisa banamafangs amaningi. I-Pike perch inesikhathi eside yokuphila, kwesinye isikhathi umjikelezo wabo ufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Pike perch echibini

Abaphenyi bakhomba imiphakathi eminingana. Enye yazo yi-zander ehlala phansi, ehlala ikakhulu endaweni eyodwa. Kuyinto ejwayelekile kuye ukushiya izindawo zakhe ezijwayelekile zokuhlala lapho kungam khona ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kulokhu, inhlanzi iya kude ngamashumi amaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu amakhilomitha.

Enye inyamazane eyizidakamizwa Ihlala ezindlini zokugcina amanzi, ezigodini zemikhumbi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, lesi sizwe sezinyamazane sithutha senyuka umfula siyophonsa amaqanda. Ukufuduka kungenzeka ngaphezulu kwamashumi ambalwa noma ngamakhulu amakhilomitha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibuyela futhi ezindaweni zayo ezijwayelekile nezithandwayo.

Namuhla, inani lezinhlanzi kwezinye izindawo lincipha ngokushesha. Imayelana nezinhlobo zasolwandle zander. Izizathu zokuncishiswa kwazo ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuzingela ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, kanye noshintsho olubi ezimweni zezulu kwezinye izindawo. Ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi zalezi zinhlobo kubonisa ubumsulwa beqiniso bendalo.

Pike perch umsoco

Ukudla kwe-pike perch kuqukethe kuphela ukudla kwezilwane. I-Cannibalism nayo ivela kulaba bantu abahlukumeza abanye, okungeyona into yokuziphatha okubi. Abantu abasha badla ama-leeches, izibungu kanye namanye ama-invertebrates. I-pike enkulu enkulu ithanda izilwane ezinkulu: ama-crustaceans omfula, amasele, abamele ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinokuthula. Ngesikhathi sokufuna ukudla, umphangi uhamba ngezindlela ezifanayo ezifakazelwe, futhi ngesivinini esinamandla angalinda isisulu esingahle sicashe. Imaskhi yakhe yombala kahle. I-Pike perch fish ihlangana nesimo sendawo, okufaka isandla ekuhlaselweni okumangazayo. Ukwakheka kwekhanda akuvumeli ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu, kulokhu, umdlwenguli uphoqelekile ukusebenzisa abamele abancane bemvelo engaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukuvikelwa kweZander

Photo: Sudak from the Red Book

I-perike pike yolwandle, ngokungafani namanzi amasha, iyisibalo sabantu esincipha ngokuqinile. Mayelana nalokhu, kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu yase-Ukraine futhi kuvikelwe yimithetho neziphathimandla zombuso. Izinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo zifaka ukuncishiswa embonini yokudoba ezifundeni lapho inani le-pikeperch lehla, kanye nokugcina ukuhlanzeka kwezidumbu zamanzi nokuqedwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi.

Ukwephulwa kwale mithetho ezifundeni ezithile kuyakujeziswa ngumthetho. Abazingeli bangaba ngaphansi kokujeziswa kokuphatha, noma ngisho nesikweletu sobugebengu. Ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona ama-zander, ikomidi elivikela imvelo lihlala lihlola ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi.

IZander nayo iyisitha esihle. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba ubuciko bangempela bezobuciko bulungiselelwe kuwo. Inyama yalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi igaywe kalula.

Zander Inezici zangaphandle ezihlukile ezingakuvumeli ukuthi zidideke nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Banomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga kanye nesakhiwo esithile semishini yokusebenza ngomlomo, ngenxa yalokho abathathwa njengabazingeli abanekhono futhi abanobuqili kakhulu.

Izindlela zokubamba i-zander

Ngokwesiko, izikebhe ze-pike perch zitholakala ezansi kwedamu, emigodini. Emanzini angajulile, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-trophy kunzima ukuzithola. I-zander enkulu ivame ukugxila kumamitha ayi-8. Izidladla zibanjwa unyaka wonke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sasemini noma sobusuku. Lo mzingeli udla ubusuku nemini.
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubamba i-zander zisetshenziselwa ukuthwebula. Kuya ngezinketho zomdobi uqobo, isimo sezulu kanye nenkathi.

Izindlela eziphambili zokudoba:

• ukuphotha kuyindlela yokudoba edumile kunazo zonke. Kunconyelwe ukusebenzisa isikebhe, ngoba akulula kakhulu ukubamba kusuka kumabhuloho, emakhethini noma ogwini,
• ukunyathela - kulungele ukudoba ekujuleni kolwandle,
• ukubhekana okuphansi kumane “kuyinkohliso”. Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo lapho kudotshwa usosebeni. Kulokhu, isithiyelo sokubukhoma sitshalelwe ngosayizi ongu-7 cm.
• ukubamba i-zander kwi-balancer kuyindlela enhle yokubamba. Kusetshenziswa inqubo ye- "plumb". I-bait yehla ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo futhi ikhuphuka kancane izitebhisi.

Umhlaseli akathandi phansi kwodaka, futhi kufanele ungakufuni lapho. Izindawo ezingabazekayo eziyinqaba kukhona izingqimba nezindawo zokuhlalisa amabhuloho, iziza ezinamanzi ezinezihlahla ezomisiwe nezihlahla, izikebhe ezishiswe yilanga kanye nezakhiwo eziwohlokile. Noma yini engenza indawo yokukhosela iyindawo enhle yokusesha i-zander.

Imvamisa ngaphansi kwe-log noma esihlahleni esilele phansi kungenzeka kube neqembu elincane labantu abangaba yishumi. Kulokhu, abadobi abanolwazi babamba le ndawo ngobumnene. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye ne-dexterity, ungathola ukubamba okuhle. Kusetshenzisiwe, ungesabi i-hook, isheyiti usebenzisa izingwegwe ezingekho emthethweni. Kufanelekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi ezesabekayo zingabuya zibuyele endaweni yazo yangempela.

Ngokudoba ngempumelelo kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa i-echo sounder. Uzohlinzeka ngokushesha ngemininingwane yezici zokwakheka kwangaphansi nokuba khona kwezinhlanzi lapho.

I-Pike perch bait

Entwasahlobo, i-zander ilungile kakhulu ekujigging. Sebenzisa i-hook elula (eyodwa noma kabili), kepha uma ingezansi ligcwele izikeyi, izihlahlana futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lithole igwegwe, kunconyelwa ukubamba ngochuku olungaphandle. Kusetshenziswe ngamawele asebenzayo kanye nemisila yokudlidliza. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi entwasahlobo, izinhlanzi ezimweni eziningi zangaphambi kokushona kwelanga, hhayi kuzo zonke izindawo zedamu.

Ihlobo isikhathi esihle sabaqalayo sokudoba i-zander. Izinhlanzi zisebenza ngokweqile. Kuzoba nzima ukuyibamba phakathi nosuku ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulele phansi - ezindaweni lapho kubanda kakhulu khona. Kepha sekuhlwile kusihlwa, kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube sekuntweleni, umhlaseli ubhukuda ayozingela. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-wobblers amancane ngeheythi ku-zander.

Ekwindla, izinga lokushisa lamanzi liqala ukuhla kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pike perch isivele izizwa kahle futhi ayivaleki ngaphansi kwe-Driftwood ntambama ifuna ukuphola. Ukudoba kosuku lwe-zander kuphumelela impela futhi kuhlale kuletha imiphumela emihle. Imvamisa, inyamazane ingatholwa emigqeni, ngaphansi kwezisekelo zamabhuloho, emigodini nasezihlahleni ezomile. Lapho ukudoba, ama-jig baits, amawele, ama-rotator kanye nemisila ye-vibro-ta kusebenza kahle.
Ekudobeni ubusika kwe-zander, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili:

• ukusetshenziswa kwama-vents - i-snap-in elula ne-bait bukhoma,
• Ukudoba kwe-Sheer perch ebusika kusetshenziswa i-balancer (kusebenza kahle ku-spectrum kusuka kuphuzi kuya kobomvu nemithunzi yabo ehlukahlukene)

Esikhundleni se-bum kanye nemithi yokuhlobisa ehlukahlukene, ungasebenzisa futhi utshale izikelemu, ama-leeches, amasele. I-Pike perch ibuye ihlasele kubo.

Izitsha ze-Pike perch

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zander ezidliwayo zimelelwa yizinhlanzi ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamathambo. Lokhu kwenza kube umkhiqizo okhangayo wokupheka i-pike perch. Uma kungekho ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuthenga nokuzama. Kunezincomo ezithile zokukhetha isibonelo esisha. Okokuqala, udinga ukubheka izinhlanzi ukuthi ziyanuka yini. Akufanele abe nayo. Okwesibili, sihlola ukubukeka futhi sibheke ukuba khona kokusikeka, imifantu lapho kungenzeka khona ukwakheka kwamagciwane athelelekayo. Inhlanzi kufanele iphelele futhi ngaphandle kokulimala. Hlola iso le-zander ukuze libonakale. Ukuba khona kwama-inclusions kanye ne-white shroud akuyona into efiselekayo. I -ellelless esiswini senhlanzi ingakhuluma ngemijikelezo yezikhathi yokuqandeka - i-defrosting. Ngokunokwenzeka, isimo esinjalo sesivele siphelelwe yisikhathi. Okwesithathu, sibheka ukuqina okwanele kwezinhlanzi ezikhethiwe. Isandla somunwe kufanele siqonde ngokushesha. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka umbala nokukhanya kwe-zander. Kungcono ukuthi udlulise ukukhetha kwakho ukudoba ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okumhlophe.

Azikho izingqinamba ezibalulekile ekusebenziseni kwe-zander. Lokhu kungaba yimiphumela yokungezwani komzimba, kanye nokungabekezelelani. Ukulimala kusuka ku-zander kungaba kuphela esimweni sokwelashwa okungashisi okuphelele noma kusuka ezinhlanzini ezigulayo nezilahlekile.

UCalorie Zander

I-Pike perch ingumkhiqizo wokudla ongama-khalori ongaphansi. Kunconyelwa ukuthi sisetshenziswe ngabantu abafuna ukwehlisa isisindo, noma abahlehliselwa ukuvuselelwa, kanye nabasubathi, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezingane ezisancela, bashintshela ekudleni okujwayelekile. Ukuqanjwa kwe-pike perch kuqukethe amaprotheni amaningi nezinto eziningi eziwusizo ezisiza ukuqinisa umzimba womuntu. Kunama-amino acid angama-20 esewonke. Izakhamzimba: Amaprotheni (18g), amafutha (1g), cholesterol (59g), omega-3 (0,09g), omega-6 (0.04g), carbohydrate (0g), amanzi (79g). Amavithamini aqukethe: A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B3, C, E.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-zander kungama-84 kcal. Kepha ngokwelashwa okushisa, kuyanda. Inhlanzi eyomile ibaluleke kakhulu - i-180 kcal, i-pikeperch ethosiwe - i-130 kcal, ebilisiwe - 97 kcal.

Izinto zokwakha zazo zonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu amaprotheni. I-Pike perch iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-molecule wamaprotheni nama-amino acid akhulisa ukungatheleleki komzimba. Okuqukethwe okubalulekile kwe-cobalt (20 μg) ekwakhiweni kwesilo esidliwayo lapho kudliwayo kuzoba usizo kubantu abanokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ngezifo zomgudu we-gastrointestinal, izifo ze-gland yegland kanye ne-anemia. Ukuba khona kwe-fluoride (29mkg), phosphorus (230mg) ne-calcium (35mg) kuqinisa amathambo, amazinyo, izindonga zemithambo yegazi, kuvikela izifo zenhliziyo.

Ukubhebhetheka

Kuze kube ngu-1966, e-Middle Urals, ihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezigcina amanzi ezise-Kama basin, futhi manje isikhona nase-Iset basin. IPike perch ihlala emifuleni enamanzi ahlanzekile futhi agobhozayo ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-3 - 5, kuye ngokuthi ukujula kwendawo yokugcina amanzi kunjani. Ebusuku, ungena emanzini angajulile noma isiyingi. IZander ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi inhlanzi yamanzi amakhulu. Indawo efanelekayo yendawo ye-zander imifula emikhulu egcwele igcwele kanye namachibi amakhulu. Kulezo zindawo zokugcina amanzi, i-zander imvamisa iyidlozi eliphakathi kwezinye izinhlanzi. IZander cishe ayitholakali emifuleni emincane, kepha itholakala ezindaweni eziseduze komlomo womfula.

Ubudala nosayizi

Ifinyelela ku-130 cm ubude nesisindo esifinyelela ku-18 kg. Umkhawulo wobudala yiminyaka eyi-14, kepha ngokuvamile ukubanjwa kumelwa izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-1-3 kg nobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-40-60. I-Pikeperch ikhula ngobude ibe amamitha elilodwa nesigamu, nesisindo - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-15. Kodwa-ke, umhlaseli ufinyelela usayizi onjalo ezimweni ezihlukile kuphela. Isisindo sezinhlanzi sisukela ku-3 kuye ku-7 kg.

Pike perch ukudoba

I-Pike perch igcinwa emigodini ejulile nenamanzi, iziphepho, imifula emidala, emaphethelweni enesisekelo esinzima nesihlabathi, eduze kwamadamu namabhange asezingeni, ezindlini ezivulekile ngemuva kokugobhoza nesihlabathi, ithanda imifula egcwele. Imithi evikeleka ezindaweni ezikhule kakhulu, phansi okune-silty futhi kusamanzi.

I-Pike perch ibanjwa unyaka wonke, inani eliphakeme lokuluma liba phakathi konyaka ka-Meyi kuya kuJulayi, kanye nangoSepthemba nango-Okthoba. Ukuluma okusebenzayo kakhulu ekuseni, kusihlwa nasekushoneni kwelanga. I-Pike perch ibanjwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi cishe unyaka wonke: ayithathi kuphela emanzini anodaka, kepha ngesikhathi esishisayo sasehlobo. Esikhathini samanzi esivulekile, inyamazane ebanjiswa kakhulu ukudoba ngegiya lokuya nge-bait bukhoma nge-nozzle ku-hook ye-gudgeon, i-dace noma i-blak. Ukubanjwa sisuka esikebheni esenziwe nge-anch kusuka kwesinye esinyakazayo (ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi okufufusayo noma ipayipi).Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlobo, isihephe kufanele sisondele phansi. Kuyelulekwa ukuyiphakamisa kancane, bese uyihlisa. Ukusuka esikebheni eshukumisayo badoba kuphela ezindaweni ezijulile (amamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu).

Babamba ne-perch kumaheythi wokufakelwa: ukusontelana nokubhekana nama-sheer lures. Ama-Spinner abeka imibala emincane, ende, ye-silvery (okungenani ngakolunye uhlangothi) imibala. Spinning isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kuma-shows kanye nama-round. Izimbobo ezijulile zibamba isisulu sokulengiswa okungapheli, sidlala ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingezansi neziphakathi. Ezitokisini ezinkulu ezingagelezi (amachibi) noma ezigeleza kancane (izindawo zokugcina), ukudoba nge-pike perch kuyenziwa kwimibuthano.

IZander ingabanjwa ngokuphumelelayo cishe kunoma yikuphi ukubhekana nakho: ukusontelana, induku yokudoba edlanzayo, izimbongolo, ama-vents, ama-mugs, ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokulandelela kusuka esikebheni, ukudoba i-jig kanye ne-wobbler kuyaphumelela. Ebusika, ama-pike perch aluma ezilwaneni zasebusika kanye nenduku ejwayelekile yokudoba ebusika, ifakwe imormyshka enkulu yokuphotha ubusika, ezinye izinto zasebusika - ama-spinner, amabhaluni kanye namaqhubu, kuyaphumelela. Izinduku zokudoba kufanele zifakwe izingwegwe ezinkulu nentambo yokudoba enamandla.

Ama-nozzles we-pike perch: i-bait ebukhoma (i-smelt ibukeka kahle, kepha ingabanjwa ngenxa yokufiphala ne-chebak), gazinga, inyama yenhlanzi, ikhishwe ngaphandle, isixha sezikelemu, igobolondo, isele, isigaxa, isilebhu, ucezwana lwe-bacon, kanye nezithiyo eziningi ze-silicone (imisipha ye-vibro, imisipha) . Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-nozzles amabili noma ngaphezulu kunganikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Ebusika, isheyiti ekhangayo inganyiswa nge-flavour yamakhukhamba nenhlanzi enamanzi kasawoti noma isiheho.

I-Pike perch ifana ne-pike nibble. Uma ubamba induku yokudoba ngesandla sakho, ungayizwa ingqongqoza lapho i-zander ibamba isithiyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukudonsa kancane umugqa wokudoba, i-pike perch izoshesha ngebheyili futhi iwugwinye, bese uthukulula umugqa wokudoba ngamamitha ayi-2-2 bese uyihudula. Ukudoba ama-zander amakhulu kungathatha isikhathi esiningi, kuzodingeka ubuyekeze kaningi futhi udonse umugqa wokudoba kuze kube yilapho izinhlanzi zilethwe enetheni.

Ukubukeka nendawo

I-Pike perch isakazeke impela emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile aseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia; itholakala emifuleni ye-Baltic, Black, Azov Seas, ichibi leCaspian, i-Aral Sea, i-Issyk-Kul neBalkhash, nakweminye amachibi nasezindaweni ezonakalisiwe zalezi zolwandle.

Izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni, kutholakala abantu abangaphezu kwamamitha ubude nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona nezinhlobo ezinkulu. Isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kwamazinyo amakhulu amise okomshini emihlathini, okuvame ukuthi emadodeni kube makhulu kunabesifazane.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Ngendlela yokuphila, i-zander ingumhlaseli ojwayelekile. Idla izinhlanzi, futhi abantu abancane nabo badla ama-invertebrates asemanzini. Kuyazwela kakhulu ukugcwala komoya-mpilo emanzini kanye nokuba khona kokumiswa, ngakho-ke akutholakala emizimbeni yamanzi egcwele amanzi. Ngenkathi efudumele, igcinwa ekujuleni kwe-2-5 m. Iyasebenza imini nobusuku. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwesendlalelo esikhanyayo ngemuva kwe-retina, iyakwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Ebusuku ungena emanzini angajulile noma azingele ngaphezulu kwamanzi, ahlele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “impi”, nokuqhuma “kwesimo”. Ntambama, uthuthela ezindaweni ezijulile. Imvamisa ikhetha indawo enesihlabathi noma i-pebble ngezansi, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinto ezinkulu (i-driftwood, amatshe, njll.) Ezingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela, ngoba i-zander ngokuyinhloko ingumhlaseli oqamayo. Isisekelo sokudla okuvame ukwakhiwa izinhlanzi ezinomzimba omncane. Njengomthetho, lezi ngamathole ezinkomo, amancanyana, ama-blak noma ama-tyulka, isizathu salokhu umphimbo omncane ngokwemvelo. Lezi zinhlanzi ezifanayo zisetshenziswa lapho kudotshwa ama-zander nge-bait bukhoma.

IZander imelana kakhulu nezifo ezahlukahlukene.

ISudak eMpumalanga Ekude YaseRussia

Ngeminyaka yama-1960s no-1970s, izichologist zazikhipha izingane ezincane eLake Khanka. I-Pike perch yaqala kancane impande, mhlawumbe ibhekana nokuphikiswa okunamandla okuvela ezinhlanzini zabomdabu. ISudak yehle e-Ussuri, etholakala emfuleni i-Amur ekubanjweni kwama-amateur angler. Abaqhudelanayo be-pike perch ngokuya ngendawo nendawo yokukhiqizwa kokudla yi-aukha ne-alps.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

IZander ingahamba ibanga elide kakhulu, kepha iphaphalaze ezindaweni eziyizintandokazi, ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile, kuyaqabukela ekujuleni okukhulu - amamitha ayi-7. Uma ezikhathini ezijwayelekile zander ukujula, ubuningi bokudla namanzi amsulwa, lapho-ke ekhula, ukhetha umzimba athule. I-Zander iqhuma entwasahlobo, lapho amanzi enezinga lokushisa elingama-degrees ayi-12.

Pike perch ukudoba

Ngesikhathi sokuhlwaywa, abantu bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane aqukethe abesilisa abaningana nowesifazane oyedwa. Insikazi ithola indawo yokubeka amaqanda futhi, isebenzisa umsila, ihlanze noma yenze umgodi oqanda okufika ku-60 cm ubude kanye nama-10 cm ukujula. Ekuseni kokusa, insikazi esesimweni esime nkqo (inhloko ngezansi) iqala ukuvela.

Yikuphi izinhlanzi ezinde kakhulu ezingahlulelwa ngeqiniso lokuthi insikazi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili ingabeka amaqanda ayisigidi. Amaqanda aphuzi ngombala futhi acishe abe ngu-1 mm ubukhulu. Ukutshala kwenzeka ngosizo lwenhlanzi eyodwa - eyeduna enkulu kunayo yonke, ngokunisela kancane iclutch ngobisi.

Imisebenzi kababa wesikhathi esizayo ihlanganisa nokuvikela amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi ungabelwa owesilisa wesibili ngobukhulu eqenjini. Owesilisa akavumeli muntu esidlekeni (izakhamizi eziningi zasemanzini zingadla kalula i-caviar) futhi zihlala zingena emanzini. Kungemva kokuba wonke izibungu ziphuma emaqanda, unogada angakhululeka bese eya emanzini ajulile.

Izibungu ezifika ku-4 mm ubude ziphuma emaqanda cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi emva kokukhulelwa; azikwazi ukuzondla ngokwazo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, basakazekela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene futhi baqala ukuzidla bebodwa.

Fry kusuka izibungu kwakheka ngokushesha okukhulu, khona-ke bathola isimo sesimo senhlanzi esidala. Ukudla kwezinhlanzi okungamasentimitha amabili ubude kungama-crustaceans amancane, ukukhula okuncane kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi noma izihlobo zazo ezihamba kancane.

Izinga lokukhula lincike ekutholakaleni kwesisekelo sokuphakelwa okuhle nezimo zokuphila. Izinhlanzi ziqala ukuvela okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engaba ngu-3-4 emva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokuphila se-zander yiminyaka engu-13- 17.

Izinhlanzi zePikeperch. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila ne-zander

Zander inhlanzi ejwayelekile - ephakathi nendawo Izazi zebhayoloji zibheka i-zander njengenye yezinhlobo ezingamalungu omndeni we-perch. Abadobi - njengento yokudoba ngokugembula. Amapheki nawesifazane wasekhaya - njengesisekelo sezitsha zenhlanzi.

IPikeperch ijwayelekile emifuleni ephakathi nendawo enkulu ye-Eurasia. Enyakatho, itholakala emilanjeni yemifula yaseSiberia. EMpumalanga Ekude kungabanjwa emanzini eLake Hanko. Eningizimu waqonda imifula namachibi e-Anatolia. Entshonalanga, ukutholakala kwe-pike perch kufaka zonke izindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile aseYurophu.

Incazelo Nezici

Zander — inhlanzi okucasulayo. Ifana namanzi amabili ahlanzekile, adume kakhulu futhi asebenzayo: i-perch ne-pike. Umzimba we-pike perch pike awunalutho, uphakeme, unezinhlangothi ezinwebekile kancane. Iqala ngokudonswa okusobala, okune-conical.

Umlomo, njengoba ufanela inyamazane, mkhulu. Ama-fangs agobeke kahle atholakala kuyo yomibili imihlathi, amabili emhlathini ophansi kanti amabili ngaphezulu. Ngaphesheya kwezinsimbi futhi phakathi kwazo kwakukhona amazinyo amancane, abukhali, acwebile. Ngokusobala, i-maxillofacial Equipmentatas iyakwazi ukubamba futhi ibambe izinhlanzi ezisheshayo.

Ukuze ubambe inyamazane yayo, okokuqala kufanele ubone, uzizwe. Uhlelo olubonakalayo luhlobo oluphambili lokubona imvelo lapho zander zincike khona. Amehlo ezinhlanzi makhulu, ayindilinga, ane-iris nsundu. Emifuleni nasemachibini awahlali amanzi abonakala ngokusobala. Kodwa ukubona kwe-zander kwehluleka.

Ethambekeni elingaphambili lekhanda le-pikeperch kukhona amathumbu: izimbobo ezimbili ngaphambili kweliso ngalinye. Ukusuka kubo yidlulisa izindima zangaphakathi ezithweni zokuhogela. Ngokungafani nezitho zokuthola iphunga, insiza yokuzwa ye-zander ayinazo izesekeli zangaphandle. Umsindo udluliselwa ngamathambo kaswazi kuya ezinhlwini zokuzwa ezingakwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ukuzwa kusuka ku-zander akukubi. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi izwa imisindo eyenzelwe ogwini, isibonelo, izinyathelo zomuntu.

Ngokungafani nokuzwa, akekho owahlola izitho zokunambitha ku-zander. Kepha bakhona. Bangamaqembu amangqamuzana abuthakathaka be-receptor asakazeke ngaphakathi komlomo nasemzimbeni wonke. Amaseli azwelayo enza umsebenzi wokuthinta. Azenziwa endaweni ethile. Ethinta i-pike perch "uzizwa isikhumba."

Isitho sezinhlanzi esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke i-sideline. Ugijimisana nomzimba. Ingxenye engezansi yomugqa ingumsele onamaseli abucayi. Ixhumeke emhlabeni wangaphandle ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezincane. Thumela imininingwane mayelana nokuqondiswa namandla okugeleza kwamanzi ebuchosheni bezinhlanzi. Inhlanzi elahlekelwe ukubona ingaphila ngokugxila kuphela kulwazi oluvela eceleni kwendlela.

Ku-zander, umugqa we-lateral uyabonakala kuwo wonke ukudlula kwawo. Kuqala kumaphethelo we-gill. Zihlelwe njengekhekhe lesendlalelo: okokuqala kukhona ezingaphansi kwaso, zilandelwe yizembozo, bese zimbozwa, bese ekugcineni zimboze. Lo mklamo unikeza ukuthembeka okukhethekile kokuvula nokuvala kwama-gill slits.

Ezingeni lapho i-gill ihlanganisa khona ukuphela, inhlawulo ye-dorsal iqala. Ihlala cishe kuwo wonke umugqa we-dorsal we-trunk futhi ihlukaniswe kabili. Esokuqala siqukethe izikhala ezi-12-16. Isisekelo sengxenye yesibili yemali yamadorsic singama-rays angama-20. Ngefomu elandisiwe, i-dorsal fin ye-zander, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yokuqala, ifana ne-fin ye-perch futhi ayithobeki kuyo ngokuqina.

Lapho umkhawulo we-dorsal uphela khona nge-pike perch, umsila uqala. Yona, ifakwe i-Homocercal, fin symmetrical fin. Ubukhulu kanye nokuklama kwe-fin kukhuluma ngokuqondene nokuthi inhlanzi enesivinini esikhulu.

Njenge-dorsal, sub-caudal, kungenjalo i-anal, i-pike perch ayikhokhelwa. Uhlome ngezikhala ezi-3, zimbozwe ngesikhumba. Umzimba ophansi we-pikeperch ufakwe izindlela ezimbili ezinyakazayo: amaphiko we-pectoral nawesisu. Zombili izitho zokubhukuda zibhanqwa, zilingana.

Ukulingana komzimba, imininingwane ye-anatomical, izinzwa zithambekele ebukhoneni bezilwane. Isici esingokwemvelo se-zander ukudakwa kokuphangwa konke. Kwesinye isikhathi kungamakhrayoni, amasele, kepha ikakhulukazi inhlanzi. I-ruff ethunjiwe ingahle ibe yinkulu noma incane, kepha ihlala iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, i-pharynx ne-esophagus ye-pike perch ziqinile futhi zixinile. Isisu asisincane kangako. Zonke izitho zangaphakathi zander zitholakala ngokuqinile engxenyeni ephezulu yomzimba futhi zihanjiswa phezulu ekhanda. Ngokwengxenye yiya ngaphansi kwama-gill.

Isifunda esiswini cishe skhululekile. Iyagcwalisa lapho i-zander igwinye inhlanzi. Isisu esikhungiwe sithatha indawo eyayingenalutho ngaphambili. Lapho igwinye inhlanzi, imbobo yama-pike ilinde ukugayeka kwayo ngokuphelele, kuphela ngemuva kwalokho iphinde iqale ukuzingela.

I-perch ejwayelekile inezihlobo ezimbalwa. Bonke bangamalungu omndeni wakwaPercidae, igama elijwayelekile lomndeni yi-perch. Uhlobo, lapho i-zander ligxilwe khona njengenhlobo, inegama lesayensi uSander. Kubandakanya izinhlobo eziyi-9.

• I-pike ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezidumile. Igama lesistimu yayo nguSander lucioperca.

• I-zander ephuzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo kufakwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Sander vitreus. Ngombala okhanyayo wamaphiko, le zinhlobo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-pike ekhanyayo.

• Izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika - zander zaseCanada. Kutholakala emfuleni iSt Lawrence River, kufakwe izingcingo zamachibi awo kanye namachibi afakiwe kulolu hlelo lwamanzi. ISander canadensis yigama lesayensi lalomhlali waseNew World.

• Ulwandle lwe-pike perch - okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezashintshanisa umfula nezichibi zamanzi ahlanzekile wezikhala ezivulekile zolwandle. Ihlala emanzini aseCaspian nasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Igama lesiLatini - uSander marinus.

• Ukuphela kweRussia - Volga zander. Abadobi nabendawo bayibiza ngo-bersh. Abayibheki le nhlanzi njengethambo lama-pike, kepha bayayibona njengohlobo oluhlukile lwezinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Yize i-bersh ingenye yezinhlobo ze-zander enegama lesistimu iSander olgensis.

I-Zander inamagama wokuvumelanisa amaningi. Abahlali basenyakatho-ntshonalanga bayazi iLadoga pike perch, abadobi baseNovgorod babamba i-Ilmen pike perch, izakhamuzi zaseKarelia zihlwitha i-Chelmuzh pike perch. Kukhona amanye amagama endawo: Syrdarya pike perch, Ural pike perch, Amudarya pike perch, Kuban pike perch, Don pike perch, umfula zander. Uma bekhuluma nge-pike perch bebonke, babiza leli gama ngaphandle kokucaciswa kanye nezichasiso, basho ukuthi i-pike perch ejwayelekile. Kungabhekwa kufanele ukuthi inhloko yomndeni wakwa-zander.

Ukudoba iPikeperch

IZander ibanjwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Enye yezinkathi ezinhle kakhulu zalokhu ebusika. ISpinner ivame ukusetshenziswa njengegiya. Washintshwa yi-balancer. Lolu uhlobo lwesimanje segiya. Futhi emanzini avulekile, ama-zander angathathwa nge-kilka.

Kulolu hlobo lokudoba, kuthengwa izinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Ngaphambi kokudoba, ligcinwa esiqandisini. Eqhweni, ungachitha izinhlanzi ezingama-20-25 ngosuku. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lokhu kungaletha zander ezibanjiwe kangakanani.

Ukuze ube nokudoba ngempumelelo kwe-zander akukho giya elilungile, udinga ulwazi ledamu, izindawo lapho ama-zander amakhulu angama khona. Okusho ukuthi, imigodi, ifumba kabusha ngemigibe ezansi. Ubusika, ukudoba mpo kunika ithuba elincane lokubanjwa.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukubonwa kwe-zander kungawa. Ngokuncibilika kweqhwa, iqhwa, amanzi aqala ukufika. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuthatha induku yokuqhuma. Ukuthola izindawo lapho kuhleli khona ama-zander akunzima ikakhulukazi. Entwasahlobo, ihlanganiswa ibe yimhlambi emincane ehlala emigodini ebusika.

Izingcingo ezingezansi zokuphotha kungenye indlela yokuthola i-zander. Isifungo esisodwa esibonisiwe sibonisa ukuthi ukugijimisana kufanele kuqhubeke kule ndawo. Lokhu kunengqondo okulula kukuvumela ukuthi uthathe ukubamba okuhle kwentwasahlobo.

Ukufika kwentwasahlobo kuhlangana lapho kuqalwa i-zhora: i-zander ithola isisindo ngaphambi kokukhula. Kuleli qophelo, ukuspina kukuvumela ukuba uthole izinhlanzi ngohambo oluhluke kakhulu: ispinashi noma isipikha esifanayo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwitha futhi isikhathi esithile emva kwaso, i-pike perch ayiphenduli ngobuqili bomdobi.

Ukusuka kude nokuqhekeka okungenamsoco, izinhlanzi ziqala kabusha. Izinhlanzi ngezikhathi ezithile zibonisa ukuzithandela: iqala ukulahla izithiyo ezake zasebenza ngokungaziphathi kahle. Ngokuvamile, intwasahlobo isikhathi esinzima senhlanzi. Ukuthola indlela yokuyisebenzisa, umdobi kufanele aqhubeke nokubheka izindawo ezinhle kakhulu nokudla okungcono kakhulu.

Ukudiliza kuyindlela eyamukelwa kudala kangaka yokudoba izinhlanzi. Kungabhekwa njengendlela yesimanjemanje yokudoba ngokudotshwa komkhondo. Okuthunyelwe ngale ndlela kusebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo.

Kwezithiyidi ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa njengezithiyo zokunyathela. Ama-wobblers adumile. Isibheji sokudla kanye nokujula lapho kubanjelwe khona kuyizinto ezimbili zokuphumelela kokudoba nge-pikeperch. Lokhu kufakazela okukhulu Pike perch esithombeni.

Abadobi, bathambekele ezindleleni zendabuko, bakhetha ukudoba ngebheti bukhoma. Kulolu khetho, okuningi kuncike ebukhomeni, ekuhambeni kwama-nozzles ezinhlanzi. Njengesifinyezo esijwayelekile, ama-ventilators ngokuvamile akhethwa. Lokhu kungukufakazelwa okusebenzayo okusebenza ngempumelelo ehlobo nasebusika.