Lolu hlobo lwendlu yomndeni wepenguin futhi lufakiwe kuma-penguin e-genus crested. Ipenguin elahlekile ihlala enyakatho impela yesifunda. Lezi zinyoni zihlala esiQhingini saseFalkland, esiqhingini saseTierra del Fuego, ogwini oluseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika, esiQhingini sase-Auckland, eziqhingini zase-Antipode. Izindawo zezindawo ezinamadwala ziyindawo enamadwala eduze nedamu lamanzi ahlanzekile neminye imithombo yemvelo yemvelo. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili.
Incazelo nezici ze-penguin ezilahliwe
I-Crested Penguin kubhekisa ezinyoni ezingazindizayo. Uhlobo lwe-penguin elahliwe luhlanganisa izingxenyana ezingama-18, kubandakanya ne-penguin yaseningizimu, kanye ne-penguin esempumalanga nasenyakatho.
Ama-subspecies aseningizimu ahlala ogwini lwe-Argentina neChile. I-Eastern Crested Penguin ezitholakala eziqhingini zaseMarion, Campbell naseCrozet. I-Northern Crested Penguin ingabonakala esiQhingini sase-Amsterdam.
Ipenguin elahliwe, isidalwa esingahlekisayo. Igama uqobo lihumusha ngokuthi “inhloko emhlophe”, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, amatilosi abiza lezi zinyoni ngokuthi “amanoni” avela egameni lesiLatini elithi “pinguis”.
Ukuphakama kwenyoni akudluli ku-60 cm, kanti isisindo ngu-2 kg. Kepha ngaphambi kokuncibilika, inyoni leyo "ingalulama" ifike ku-6,7 kg. Abesilisa bangahlukaniswa kalula kwiphakethe - mikhulu, izinsikazi, kunalokho, zincane ngosayizi.
Esithombeni, ipenguin yeduna
I-penguin iyathandeka lapho ifakwa imibala: emuva elimnyama neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesisu esimhlophe. Umzimba wonke wepenguin umbozwe izimpaphe, ubude bawo bungama-2,5 kuya kwengama-60. Umbala ongakhanda wekhanda, ingxenye engenhla yomphimbo nesihlathi sonke simnyama.
Nawa amehlo ayindilinga anezingane ezibomvu ezimnyama. Izimpiko zimnyama ngombala, umucu omfishane omhlophe uyabonakala emaphethelweni. U-Beak onsundu, mncane, mude. Amawashi atholakala eduze emuva, amfushane, apinki.
Kungani i- "crested" penguin? Ngenxa yamakhonkolo anama-tassels, atholakala uqhwaku, la makhonkolo amhlophe qwa. I-penguin e-crested ihlukaniswa yikhono lokuhambisa lezi crests. Eziningi isithombe sepenguin elahliwe kumhlula ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile, ukubukeka okungathi sína kepha unomusa.
Crested Penguin Indlela Yokuphila neHabitat
ICrested Penguin iyinyoni yezenhlalo engatholakali kalula. Imvamisa bakha amakoloni ephelele, lapho kungabakhona abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu.
Zincamela ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamawele noma ezindaweni ezigudle ugu. Zidinga amanzi amasha, ngakho-ke zivame ukutholakala eduze kwemithombo emisha namachibi.
Izinyoni zinomsindo, zenza imisindo ephakeme futhi enkulu lapho zikhulumisana nabafowabo futhi zixwayisanayo ngengozi. Lezi "zingoma" zingazwakala ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kepha kuphela phakathi nobusuku noma ebusuku amapenguins awasho msindo.
Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-penguin aqanjiwe anolaka komunye nomunye. Uma isivakashi singamenywanga sifinyelela esifundeni, ipenguin ikhothamela inhloko yayo, kuyilapho amakhulukhulu ayo ephakama.
Welula amaphiko akhe futhi aqale ukugabha kancane anciphise amathanga akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kuhambisana nezwi lakhe elibukhali. Uma isitha singavumi, impi izoqala ngokushaya ngamandla ekhanda. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, abesilisa be-penguin e-crested bangamaqhawe anesibindi, ngaphandle kokwesaba futhi ngesibindi bahlala bavikela i-pair yabo namawundlu.
Ngokuphathelene nabangane babo, bahlala benhlonipho futhi benobungane. Hhayi ngezwi elikhulu, bakhuluma nabantu ababapakisha. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi ama-penguins aphuma kanjani emanzini - inyoni inikine ikhanda ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla, njengokungathi ngibingelela ilungu ngalinye lomhlambi. Owesilisa uhlangana nowesifazane, amgobise intamo, aqhume, akhale kakhulu, uma owesimame ephendula ngokufana, lo mbhangqwana wahloniphana futhi wahlangana futhi.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Lolu hlobo luhlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu, ezingaba izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Imibhangqwana eminyene. Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngezinyanga zikaSepthemba- Novemba. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-2 asayizi ahlukile. I-hatching chick, njengomthetho, iphuma iqanda elikhudlwana.
Isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-33. Amaqanda abesilisa nabesifazane abalandelayo. Esiswini esingezansi sama-penguins akhanyayo kukhona indawo yesikhumba engenazo izimpaphe. Inikeza ukuhanjiswa okushisa kusuka emzimbeni kuya emaqanda. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, iduna lihlala nenzalo phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-25, lowesifazane athole ukudla azondle. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izinkukhu zihlanganiswa ngamaqembu amancane "ezinkulisa". Kukhona lapho aze akhule ngokugcwele.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinyoni ezindala zibutha izinqolobane ezinamafutha futhi zilungiselela ukuncibilika konyaka. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25. Ngalesi sikhathi, abamele izinhlobo bayiguqula ngokuphelele iplamu yabo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, basuka ezweni bachitha izinyanga zobusika olwandle. Babuyela ogwini ukuze baqale ukuzalanisa futhi. Endle, i-penguin elahlekile ihlala iminyaka eyi-10-12.
I-Crested Penguin Eating
Ukudla kwama-penguin aqanjiwe kucebile futhi kuhlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, le nyoni ithola ukudla kwayo olwandle, idla izinhlanzi ezincane, i-keel, ama-crustaceans. Ama-anchovies, ama-sardine ayadla, aphuza amanzi olwandle, nosawoti owedlulelwe atholakala emithanjeni ebekwe ngaphezulu kwamehlo enyoni.
Inyoni ithola amanoni amaningi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngenkathi isolwandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, kungenza ngaphandle kokudla amasonto amaningi. Lapho amachwane edonsa, kungowesifazane obhekene nokudla emndenini.
Esithombeni, ama-penguins aqoshwe, owesilisa nowesifazane
Uhamba olwandle, alethi ukudla kuphela amachwane, kodwa futhi nakowesilisa. Ngaphandle komkakhe, ipenguin isuthisa inzalo yayo ngobisi, olwakheka kuye ngenkathi kufakwa amaqanda.
Incazelo yama-Prestins Penguins
Ubude bomzimba wabo ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-62 cm, isisindo singama-2-3 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuncibilika, inqwaba ingafinyelela ku-7 kg. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bade kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isici sabo esikhulu yimigqa ephuzi enamakhandlela ngaphezu kwamehlo afana namashiya. Kungakho babizwa ngokuthi aba-crested. Futhi, izinyoni zingahambisa lawa mabhulashi.
Izimpaphe ngasemhlane, ekhanda nasengxenyeni engenhla yamaphiko zipendwe mnyama ngombala onsundu, nesisu simhlophe. Imidlwane ibomvu ngombala obomvu. Ukubukeka okungathi sína kodwa okuhle kwesikhwanyana semifino kungashiswa noma iyiphi inhliziyo. Ubude bezimpaphe ezingangeni manzi buyi-3 cm kuphela (ekhonkolweni zikhulu kancane). Uqhwaku luba nsundu noma luwolintshi. Imilenze emfishane epinki emincane itholakala eduze emuva. Ukwakheka kwamaphiko amancanyana kodwa aqinile kuvumela inyoni ukubhukuda ngokushesha.
NgoFebhuwari, ama-penguin ane "i-honeymoon", ehambisana nokuncibilika. Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingama-28. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesilisa nowesifazane abahlali futhi bahlala bekhona eduze kwesidleke. Izimpaphe zivuselelwa ngokuphelele maphakathi no-Ephreli, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana ungene olwandle.
Habitat
I-Northern Crested Penguin ingatholakala ikakhulu e-Amsterdam Islands. Abamele izikhungo eziseningizimu bahlala ngasogwini lwaseChile naseArgentina, kanti abasempumalanga - esiqhingini saseCrophe, iMarion neCampbell. Bajwayele ukuvakashela iTierra del Fuego. Izindawo ezithandekayo zale nyoni zibonakala ngokuba khona kwemithombo emisha yamanzi, imithambeka yasogwini kanye namadwala anemihume, engaphansi kwawo (60-65 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle) izidleke futhi zibambe inzalo.
Imikhuba yezinyoni
Isizungu asiyona into eyingqayizivele kuye. Ama-penguin akhetha ukuhlala emikhakheni emikhulu yabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Phakathi kwabo ezinye izizwe ziyaxhumana ngosizo lomsindo omkhulu obukhali. Ukuziphatha okunomsindo kakhulu kuboniswa inkathi yokuzalela.
Ngokuphathelene nezivakashi ezingamenyiwe baziphatha ngolaka olukhulu. Usayizi omncane womzimba awuvimbeli inyoni ukuvikela umndeni wayo ngesibindi. Baxosha abantu abangabazi ngokwehlisa amakhanda abo, ngokunikina amahlombe abo, befaka amashiya abo, amakhanda amnyama namaphiko abo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, inyoni iyagxuma, igxume imemeza kakhulu. Esimweni lapho isitha singasuki endaweni, ipenguin iqala ukulwa nekhanda elinamandla. Futhi empini ngihamba ngamaphiko amancanyana nemilomo emide emide. Kungenzeka ukuthi abaphikisi abagxile kakhulu ekulweni bangaluma igazi.
Mayelana nobudlelwano namalungu epakethe, ahlala enobungane komunye nomunye. Abesilisa bahlangana nabathandi babo, baminza, bakhala futhi bashaye intamo, izintokazi zisabela ngendlela efanayo. Hola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke.
Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba
Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe ayifanele ngokuphelele indlela yokuphila eyodwa, ahlanganiswe amakoloni amakhulu abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Zithanda ukuhlala hhayi ogwini lolwandle kuphela, kepha nasezintanjeni zamatshe, zikhetha amasayithi aseduze nemithombo yamanzi, ngoba adinga ukuphuza. Kulezo ziqhingi lapho kunenhlabathi eningi khona, bamba nokumba iminyuzi nokudla izidleke. Baxhumana bodwa, benza imisindo ebukhali ebukhali. Futhi ngenkathi yokukhwelana ezungeze ikholoni kume i-whine engapheli. Naphezu kokubukeka okuhle, banolaka kubantu abangabazi nezivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Lapho bebona lokhu kungenelela, baqala ukumemeza ngokusuka enhliziyweni, bashaya amakhala. Ngasikhathi sinye, bagoba amahlombe abo, bavule amashiya abo, banwebe amaphiko abo bese behlisa amakhanda abo ngokuxaka. Uma umuntu ongaziwa angafuni ukuphuma, umvikeli uqala ukulwa - ushaya ikhanda lakhe, aphathe amaphiko, athulule umlomo wakhe.
Maqondana nomunye zihlala zinobungane futhi zinobuntu obuhle. Lapho behlangana nabathandi, abesilisa bayaphonsa ithawula, bagqekeze ngentshiseko badonse intamo yabo ibheke kwintombazane yabo. Abesifazane bakhombisa imizwa efanayo yokuphendula. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ilele ebusuku.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- I-Penguin iyona kuphela inyoni esemhlabeni engakwazi nje ukundiza, kodwa futhi ihlale emoyeni.
- Ihluke ezihlotsheni zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngokuthi iyakwazi ukuhambisa imiphimbo yazo ibuyele emuva.
- Phila isikhathi eside - iminyaka engama-25-27.
- Bangaphuza amanzi anosawoti olwandle ngaphandle kokuhlupheka usawoti ngokweqile - ngokweqile kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlala ezikhethekile emehlweni.
- Ama-penguins amaduna angamadoda athembekile kakhulu, nabesifazane bawo abakhethiwe baphila impilo yabo yonke. Kepha, uma ebuyela esidlekeni, umniniyo akazange ayithole eyakhe insikazi, kodwa elinye ipenguin, wabe esengena ebudlelwaneni obusondelene naye, ngaphandle kokulinda umkakhe.
- Ama-penguins ama-Crested abhukuda amakhulu, athuthukisa isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora. Njengoba amaphiko engafezeki umsebenzi wawo wokundiza, izinyoni zizishintshashintsha esikhundleni samaphiko, ngosizo zazo ezihamba emanzini. Imilenze enomsila iyasebenza esikhundleni sendiza.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Crested Penguin
I-penguin elahliwe ingeyomndeni wepenguin. Izinsalela zakamuva zama-penguin amancane acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-32 ubudala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezingxenyeni eziningi penguins zikhulu, izinyoni ezinkulu, okhokho bazo babebankulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ummeleli omkhulu wezinsalela owake watholakala. Isisindo saso sasicishe sibe ngu-120 kg.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani ipenguin elahlekile
Konke okubhalwe phansi kwama-penguin adaluliwe kufana. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-60 cm., Isisindo esingama-3 kg. Lezi zinyoni ezinamanani aphakathi nendawo zinezici ezihlukile - izimpaphe ezingaphezulu kwamehlo abo zinombala ophuzi, okhanyayo, zakha uhlobo lwamashiya noma amakhethini, lapho amagama penguins abizwa ngawo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ososayensi abatholanga ukuthi kungani i-penguin elahliwe idinga izimpaphe eziphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Kuze kube manje, umcabango kuphela ukuthi babamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokuphelisa yalolu hlobo.
Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe abonakala ngamapayipi angenamanzi, anikeza i-thermoregulation: ifudumeza inyoni ngenkathi kubanda, ipholisa ngezikhathi zokushisa. Uqhwaku lwepenguin lude, lugqinsiwe, luvame ukuba nohlobo olubomvu.
Ama-penguin ama-Crested - uhlobo olukhulu olufaka ama-subspecies ambalwa:
- rockengu crested penguin - umi phambili ngesisekelo sendawo yemilenze, engathi ibuyiselwa emuva ukuze kube lula ngokwengeziwe ukuba i-penguin igibele amatshe,
- INyakatho yeCrested Penguin iyizilwane ezisengozini enkulu kunazo zonke. Lezi yizinyoni ezinosayizi abaphakathi ngamapulangwe amnyama,
- IVictoria Penguin. Kuboniswa izindawo ezimhlophe ezihlangene nezihlathi. Ngokuvamile, isifunda esimhlophe sesisu sivame kakhulu ukwedlula amanye ama-penguin akhanyisiwe,
- ipenguin enkulu. Eqinisweni, akuyona indawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke - kukhethwe ngokwesisekelo sendawo esiqhingini Snares - lena indawo encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-penguin,
- Schlegel Penguin. Ukukhanya okungajwayelekile kwesikhwanyana se-penguin esidalulwe, esingenamakhandlela egolide nomlomo omnyama kakhulu. Banomhlane wesiliva-grey onamamaki we-t white, ama-paws amhlophe. Izimpaphe ezisekhanda zinombala ocashile wegolide,
- penguin omkhulu okhanyisiwe. Okukhulu kunawo wonke ama-penguin aqanjiwe. Kuboniswa izimpaphe ezinkulu ekwakhekeni, okuthi ngokubukeka kufane nohlobo lwe-imeyili yepeni,
- ipenguin yegolide enezinwele. Kulesi sikhala, amakhekhe aphuzi ngaphezulu kwamehlo abonakala kakhulu. Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivulekile ze-penguin ezi-crested.
La ma-penguin anokuhluka okuncane kusuka komunye nomunye, ososayensi abavumelani ngokwabiwa kwesigaba esisodwa sokwehlukaniswa kwama-penguins aqanjiwe.
Ihlala kuphi ipenguin elahliwe?
Photo: Inkukhu Crested bird
Ama-penguin ajwayelekile kakhulu akhanywa eziqhingini zase-Subantarctic, eTasmania, esiqhingini saseTierra del Fuego nasogwini lweNingizimu Melika. Inqwaba yabantu isatshalaliswa kulezi zindawo.
Kepha ama-penguin angawodwa ahlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Iziqhingi zase-Antipode, eNew Zealand, eCampbell, e-Auckland, eBounty Islands - indawo yokunikeza izimbotshana ezinkulu,
- I-South Georgia Islands, iSouth Shetland, i-Orkney, iSandic Islands - indawo yokuhlala kwepenguin enezinwele zegolide,
- kuphela esiqhingini saseSnares kuhlala ipenguin enkulu - kuhlala indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-3.3 kuphela,
- ipenguin ekhokhwa obukhulu ingatholakala esiQhingini saseStewart naseSolander eduze naseNew Zealand,
- IMacquarie Island - ukuphela kwendawo yeSchlegel penguin,
- ama-subspecies asenyakatho ahlala eziqhingini zaseTristan da Cunha kanye nesiqhingi saseGough.
Njengezindawo zokuhlala, ama-penguin aqhakazile akhetha indawo enamadwala. Onke aguqulwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ukuze ahambe ngamatshe nasemadwaleni. Ama-penguin azama ukungahlali ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ekude, ngoba azibekezeleli kahle ubusika nokuntuleka kokudla. Yize ama-penguin egcwala ngenxa yomthetho-sisekelo womzimba wawo, ama-penguin aqanjiwe agugile futhi asheshile. Uyabona ukuthi bagxumela kanjani kusuka etsheni kuya ematsheni nokuthi bangena kanjani ngokungesabi emanzini bevela emiweni ephakeme.
Bahlala emihlambini emikhulu futhi bakhe izidleke ngqo ematsheni. Kubalulekile kubona ukuthi ngisho nangesikhathi sokubanda esiqhingini ungathola utshani obomile, amagatsha kanye namakhasi ahamba ayokwakha isidleke, yize izidlekeni eziningi zakhiwa ngamatshe amancanyana abushelelezi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-penguins abo bobabili ubulili bafaka izidleke zabo ngezimpaphe zabo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-penguin elahliwe ihlala kuphi. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Lidlani ipenguin elahliwe?
Isithombe: I-Crested Penguin evela kwiBhuku elibomvu
Amabhungele adla konke angakuthola olwandle futhi olungena kuqhwaku lwalo.
- inhlanzi encane - ama-anchovies, ama-sardine,
- krill,
- crustaceans,
- ama-mollusks
- ama-cephalopod amancane - ama-octopus, ama-cuttlefish, ama-squid.
Njengama-penguins ama-king, ama-crested aguqulwe ukuze aphuze amanzi kasawoti. Usawoti owengeziwe utholakala emithanjeni ekhethekile etholakala ekhaleni. Noma kunjalo, uma kukhona ukufinyelela kwamanzi amasha, ama-penguin azothanda ukuwaphuza. Ehlobo, ama-penguin aqanjiwe ahamba amanoni ngenkathi ekuhambeni olude. Ebusika, balahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yesisindo sabo, futhi babuye behlise umzimba ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuthandana. Ngesikhathi sokuphakela amaphuphu, insikazi inesibopho sokondla amawundlu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ipenguin elahlekile ithanda ukuletha inhlanzi ephelele noma izingcezu zayo engxenyeni, kunokuba ibambe inhlanzi egayiwe emlonyeni wayo.
Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe ahamba kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu kakhulu ngokulandela inyamazane. Njengamahlengethwa, ama-penguins aqanjiwe akhetha ukuzingela emaphaketheni, ahlasele isikole senhlanzi eqenjini, ngaleyo ndlela esihlakaze. Futhi emhlambini, i-penguin maningi amathuba okushiya iphila lapho kushayisana nomdlangi. Ama-penguin angabazingeli abayingozi. Ziginya izinhlanzi ohambweni futhi ziyakwazi ukudla ngisho nabantu abakhulu kakhulu. Futhi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nobunyoninco, ayakwazi ukuthola ama-crustaceans nama-octopus kusuka kuma-gorges nakwamanye amabhodlela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Crested Penguins
Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe awatholakali eyedwa, ayizinyoni zenhlalo. Umhlambi wamapenguins ungafinyelela abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, okuyinto eningi ngamazinga amaphinifa. Indawo yokuhlala ikhethiwe ihlane, ehlanganisa amatshe nezihlahlana ezingandile eduze nolwandle. Yize kwesinye isikhathi zihlala eduze namachibi nemifula emisha, imvamisa ziyimhlambi emincane eqeda ikholoni elivamile. Ama-penguins ama-Crested athande ukwenza umsindo. Bahlala bakhala, futhi ukukhala kwabo kunzima ukukuzwa: kuzwakalisiwe, kuyabhangiswa futhi kuzwakala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ama-penguins akhuluma phakathi kwabo futhi axhumana imininingwane ehlukahlukene. Ebusuku, ama-penguin athule, ngoba esaba ukuheha izilwane ezizingelayo.
Ama-penguins ama-crested angabizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo ezi-daring nezihlukumezayo kakhulu zoopenguin. I-penguins ngayinye inesakhiwo sayo sendawo, esiqapha ngentshiseko. Uma elinye ipenguin lingena emkhakheni wabo, owesimame nowesilisa kufanele balwe ngentshiseko indawo yabo efanele. Lesi simo sengqondo endaweni sihambisana namatshe amatshe amancane ayisiyingi, azokwakha isidleke. Unguhlobo lwemali olungajwayelekile lwamapengu. Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe akaqoqi amatshe amatshe nje ogwini, kodwa futhi awantshontsha kwezinye izidleke.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho owesilisa ehlala esidlekeni, bese insikazi ihamba iyokondla, ezinye izinsikazi ziza kulowesilisa zenze isenzo sokuncenga sokuzalela. Lapho zizala, owesilisa ushiya isidleke isikhashana, bese insikazi ibamba amatshe ayo esidlekeni sayo.
Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe awagcini ngokukhamuluka kokuya phezulu - ayakwazi ukushaya ngomlomo nangengxenye yangaphambili yekhanda, engalimaza umphikisi. Ngokufanayo, bavikela amawundlu abo nabalingani babo ngisho nakwizisulu zezilwane. Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe futhi anabangane bomndeni abanobungane kubo. Imvamisa bazingela ngamaqembu futhi bangebi ngamatshe komunye nomunye. Ukubona ukuthi ama-penguin asemagqabini anobungani kulula - emhlanganweni banikina amakhanda beya ngapha nangapha, bebingelela umngane. Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe afisa ukwazi. Bazimisele ukukhuluma nezithombe nabasebenza ngemvelo futhi bangahlasela ngisho nabantu, yize nje ipenguin encane ingenza ukulimala kumuntu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umndeni wePenguin Penguin
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngokulwa lapho abesilisa behlanganyela. Ama-penguins amabili alwela insikazi, esakaza amaphiko awo futhi eshaya omunye nomunye ngamakhanda nangezindebe. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nesikali esikhulu. Ipenguin ewinayo icula ingoma yowesifazane kusuka kumisindo ephansi yokubhokisa, ngemuva kwalokho ukwanda kokuzala. Owesilisa wakha isidleke. Kakhulu kuqukethe amatshe amatshe angenawo amakhona abukhali, udonsa futhi namagatsha lapho nakho konke akuthola esifundeni. Imvamisa ungathola amabhodlela, izikhwama nokunye udoti lapho. Ngo-Okthoba, insikazi ibeka amaqanda (kuvame ukuba amabili kuyo, kanti iqanda elilodwa likhulu kunelesibili). Ngesikhathi sokulala, insikazi ayidli, owesilisa umlethela ukudla.
Ngokuvamile, owesilisa nowesifazane bafaka amaqanda ngokuhlukile, futhi ukufukelwa kuthatha inyanga. Amachwane avele ngokuphelele kubaba. Uyabanikeza ukushisa, insikazi ilethe ukudla iyazondla. Ngenyanga yokuqala, amaphuphu ahlala noyise, abese engena kuhlobo lwe "nursery" - indawo lapho amachwane wepenguin ahlangana khona futhi agadwe ngabantu abadala. Lapho, bachitha isikhathi baze bavuthwe ngokugcwele. Ngemuva kokuba amachwane egcinwe ekunakekelweni ngumphakathi, izinyoni ziqongelela amanoni ngentshiseko. Lokhu kuyabavumela ukuba balungiselele ukunyibilika, okuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga. Njengoba sebeshintshe ijazi labo, izinyoni ezindala ziya olwandle ziyodla ubusika lapho, zilungiselela isizini ezayo yokuzalela.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe kwesinye isikhathi akha amabanga amade.
Ama-penguin aphilela iminyaka eyi-10, ekuthunjweni angaphila aze afike ku-15.
Izitha zemvelo ze-penguin elahliwe
Isithombe: Penguin Omkhulu
Ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ama-penguin cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo. Ama-penguin amaningi aqothuliwe ahlala eziqhingini ezingazodwa, lapho kungekho muntu wokuzihlasela.
Emanzini, ama-penguin asengozini kwezinye izinyamazane:
- izingwe zolwandle - izinyamazane ezinamandla ezidonsa ngokushesha zibamba amaphinifa emanzini futhi zingaba yingozi emhlabeni,
- Izimpawu zaseningizimu zoboya zingabulala ama-penguin aqoshwe, yize izimbambo zoboya zivame ukudla inhlanzi,
- amabhubesi olwandle
- imikhomo yokubulala ibilokhu izingela zonke izinhlobo zama-penguin,
- abanye oshaka bayatholakala nakopenguin. Bangakwazi ukujikeleza iziqhingi lapho kuhlala khona ama-penguin. Lapho inyoni ifuna ukudla, iya olwandle, noma ngabe kukhona inyamazane eduzane, ngoba yona iba inyamazane yayo ngaso leso sikhathi.
Okusengozini kakhulu amantshontsho e-penguin acashile. "Abahlengikazi" abahlali baphansi kokuqashwa kwabantu abadala, yingakho ama-skuas ansundu kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-gulls zingabahlasela. Zihlasela zombili amaphuphu ngokwazo kanye namafulethi ezihlwayi. Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe akuzona izinyoni ezingenakuzivikela. Yize ziphansi ngosayizi umbusi nenkosi penguins, bakholwa kakhulu ngentshiseko ukuzivikela bona kanye nenzalo. Bayakwazi ukuhlasela umhlaseli, besakaza amaphiko abo futhi bakhala kakhulu. Umhlambi wamapenguins anjalo wokukhala kungenzeka ethuse isitha, yingakho eshiya.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani ipenguin elahlekile
Kanye nombusi, ama-galapagos kanye nama-penguins enkosi, izidumbu nazo zisengozini yokuqothulwa. Leli khulu lamashumi amabili lalingathandeki kuma-penguin aqothulwe, ngoba abantu bababulala ngentshiseko ngenxa yamafutha nenyama, futhi bacekela phansi nemfucuza yamaqanda. Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwama-penguin aqothulwe namuhla yilezi ezilandelayo - ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zezolimo, ezihlangana lapho kuhlala khona ama-penguin aqanjiwe.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuma kwezimboni okuyingozi okuthinta isikhathi sokuphila namandla okuzala. Isizathu sesibili singabazingeli. Kusenombono wokuthi amafutha wepenguin anezinto zokwelapha. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyenzeka futhi. Amaphengwini aphulukana nezindawo ezigcwala izikhukhula ezintsha. Inani lezinhlanzi nezimbaza ezifakwa ekudleni kwansuku zonke kwamapenguins nalo kuncishisiwe. Ngenxa yokondleka okungazinzile kanye nezinguquko zesimo sezulu, ama-penguin aqala ukuzala kakhulu - i-clutch eyodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi imfucuza yepulasitiki nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli nakho kuyathinta. Yebo, kunjalo, ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi eziningi, ezifakiwe ekudleni kwama-penguin aqanjiwe, kuthinta nenani labo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibalo esiphelele samaphinifa asetshenzisiwe sinezimbambo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu nengxenye, imininingwane eminingi isengozini. Eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kwehliswe cishe amaphesenti angama-70.
I-Guard Crested Penguins
Isithombe: I-Crested Penguin evela kwiBhuku elibomvu
Ukulimazeka kufaka phakathi i-subspecies: amadwala, aminyene-akhokhisiwe, amakhulu, i-Schlegel penguin, enezinwele zegolide. Izindlela ezisengcupheni ezisengozini: enyakatho, enkulu yatholakala. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngaphandle kwesibalo esikhulu sama penguins aqothulwe uwonke, siqukethe izingcingo ezisengozini noma izikhala ezingaphansi ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Phakathi kwabo bekukhona neChatham Crested Penguin, eyaqothuka ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Isimo sokwehla siyaqhubeka.
Izindlela eziphambili zokuphepha yilezi:
- ukuthuthwa kwamapenguins ezindaweni ezivikelwe,
- ukondliwa kwama-penguins asendle,
- ukuzalanisa ama-penguins ekudingisweni.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuzingela imikhomo ye-baleen kwandise inani le-krill, okuthinta kahle inani lezinhlobo ezithile zamapengu, kufaka phakathi ezishisiwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe ahlangana kahle kuma-zoo, ngokuzalaniswa ngokuzithandela lapho futhi akha amabhangqwana esikhathi eside. Ngenkathi ama-zoo ayindlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokugcina lolu hlobo.
I-Crested Penguin - kukhanya futhi akujwayelekile. Ngenkathi bahlala ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni, kepha manje ososayensi bakhathazekile ngokuncipha kwamanani abo. Inkinga yokulondolozwa kwalezi zinyoni ezinempilo nesibindi ihlala ivulekile.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Isici esimangazayo sabamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo ukuthi, ukunqoba izithiyo, azihambi ngesisu futhi azivuki ngosizo lwamaphiko, njengoba kwenza amanye amapengu. Bazama ukugxuma phezu kodonga nemifantu. Zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nempilo yasolwandle. Zinemizimba ehambisanayo namaphiko aqinile, okunomthelela ekuhambeni okusheshayo emanzini. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-krill namanye ama-crustaceans. Ama-squid, octopus, inhlanzi nazo ziyadliwa. Izinyamazane ezimbiwa phansi, zingakwazi ukujikela kumamitha ayi-100.
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Inani lama-penguin aqanjiwe liyancipha unyaka nonyaka. Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kwehle ngo-34%. EziQhingini zaseFalkland eminyakeni engama-60 edlule, inani lehle ngamaphesenti angama-90. Lokhu kuchazwa ukukhula kwezokuvakasha kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izimayini ze-squid zentengiso nazo ziyasiza ukunciphisa inani lalezi zipengu. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lunesimo sokukhathazeka.