1. Ama-Albatross yizinyoni zasolwandle ezaziwa ngokuthanda ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Ama-2.Albatrosses ahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo zeSouthern Hemisphere. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi izinyoni zitholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiSouthern Ocean - umgodi ozungeze i-Antarctica, kuzo zonke iziqhingi.
3. Izinyoni zizulazula kude - kuya ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, futhi ungalokothi undize kuphela ezifundeni ezingenhla kwe-Arctic Ocean.
4. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 kwezinhlobo ze-albatrosses - kusuka kubheme, usayizi wasolwandle, ukuya ekuzuleni (Diomedes exulans, noma “albatross exeding”), enamaphiko ayo aqopha amamitha ayi-3.5 (lokhu kuyindiza encane enesihlalo esisodwa)!
5. Emndenini we-albatross, ama-albatross asebukhosini futhi azulazulayo angenye yezinyoni ezinkulu ezindizayo ngosayizi. Isisindo somzimba wabantu abadala sifinyelela ku-swan - 10-11 kilos, kanti amaphiko angafika kumamitha ayi-3.5. Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-albatrosses: i-Amsterdam albatross, i-albatross yasebukhosini, i-albatross ezulazulayo, iTristan albatross.
I-Amsterdam Albatross
6. I-Amsterdam albatross ifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-120 ubude, amaphiko - afinyelela kumamitha angama-3.5, isisindo sisebangeni lamakhilogremu ayi-5-8.
7. Ukubuka kabanzi kwe-Amsterdam Islands etholakala eningizimu yoLwandlekazi i-Indian.
8. Le nyoni isongelwa ngokuqothulwa, kepha kancane kancane kungenzeka ukwandisa inani labantu.
9. Ama-Albatrosses andiza kude futhi abade kunanoma iyiphi enye inyoni. Ngenxa yokulandela kwe-satellite, kwavela ukuthi amanye ama-albatross andiza azungeze uMhlaba esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili futhi angandiza izinsuku eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokuphanyeka kwamaphiko awo.
10. Ingxenye edla amandla kakhulu yanoma iyiphi indiza ye-albatross isuswa: okuwukuphela kwesikhathi lapho inyoni idinga ukushaya amaphiko ayo ngokunqumayo.
I-Royal albatross
11. I-albatross yasebukhosini inemizimba enyoni engamasentimitha ayi-110 kuye kwangama-120, iphiko ngamasentimitha angama-280- 3250, kanti umuntu omdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-8.
12. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi: ama-albatross wasenyakatho naseningizimu. Izimpiko zezindawo ezisenyakatho zimbozwe izimpaphe ngombala onsundu, kanti ezaseningizimu zinamaphiko ombala omhlophe omhlophe.
13. Indawo yokuhlala kwe-albatross yasebukhosini - New Zealand.
14. Ngokungafani nezinyoni ezidla inyama ezihlela emifudlaneni efudumele, i-albatross igcinwa iseduze nolwandle isebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa amaza omoya abonakala emafwini.
15. I-plumage yalezi zinyoni iminyene futhi iseduze, i-fluff iminyene, ilula futhi ifudumele, lapho iflat ihlanganisa umzimba we-albatross ungqimba oluqhubekayo, kanti kwezinye izinyoni lukhula kuphela emigqeni ethile - i-pterillia. I-fluff efudumele ye-albatrosses isondele ne-swan ezindaweni zayo ezibonakalayo.
I-Wandering albatross
I-albatross ezulazulayo inobude obungama-millimitha angama-117, iphiko elikhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane - lifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-370. Umbala weplamu lenyoni umhlophe, ezimpaphe zamaphiko kungahle kube nemivimbo emnyama. Umlomo mkhulu. Amaphayi apinki.
17. Intsha ifakwe ngombala onsundu, onyamalala bese iba mhlophe lapho ikhula, kepha umdaka obonakalayo onsundu ungahlala ebeleni isikhathi eside.
18. I-albatross ezulazulayo iyatholakala eziqhingini ezise-subantarctic.
U-albatross omnyama omnyama
19. Uma nje iphuphu le-albatross elizulazulayo limi esiwombeni salo, imilenze yalo ngeke isathinta phansi kuze kufike isikhathi sokushada, futhi lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.
20. Umbala we-albatrosses awukhanyi, amathoni ansundu avela ezinhlotsheni ezincane, futhi amhlophe amakhulu. Izitho zomzimba ngamunye (ikhanda, amaphiko) ezinyoni ezimhlophe zingaqhathaniswa ngombala ompunga noma omnyama. Izinyoni zabo bobabili ubulili zinemibala efanayo.
Tristan Albatross
21. I-Tristan albatross ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-albatross ezulazulayo futhi okwesikhathi esithile yathathwa njengezincwadi zayo. Kodwa-ke, le nyoni incane ngosayizi, futhi umbala weplamu lawo umnyama mnyama.
22. Abasha bathola iplamu emhlophe ebonakala kancane kancane, uma liqhathaniswa ne-albatross ezulazulayo.
23. Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo zeziqhingi iTristan da Cunha, lapho manje isongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
24. U-Albatross uyinyoni ehlala isikhathi eside. Baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu ngamazinga ezilwane. Impilo yabo ingaqhathaniswa nesikhathi nomuntu, ngoba imvamisa baphila iminyaka yobudala engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
25. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, i-albatross emhlophe ebambe ongezansi ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ukubhujiswa kwenani lalezi zinhlobo kwalungiselelwa ngokubhujiswa kwezinyoni ngabazingeli ngenxa yephunga elimnandi le-albatross.
26. Ama-Albatrosses “angama-nomads” angaxhunyiwe kunoma yini ngaphandle kwendawo azalelwa kuyo. Ngokuhamba kwabo, bamboza umhlaba wonke. Lezi zinyoni zingaphila ngokuthula ngaphandle komhlaba izinyanga, futhi ukuze ziphumule, zihlala onqenqemeni lwamanzi.
27. I-Albatrosses ingeye-Procellariiformes ye-oda, imvelaphi - iTubinares, okusho ukuthi "tube-nosed".
28. Amhubhu agijimisana nalo lonke ubude bezindebe ezinkulu ezibunjiweyo futhi aholela ekuphuthweni komqondo wokukhula kahle, okuvumela i-albatross ukuthola izidleke nokudla amamayela amaningi.
29. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamashubhu, anomsebenzi ombaxambili: avumela inyoni ukuba iphefumule emakhaleni amaningi futhi inwebe usawoti wolwandle ngokweqile ngokusebenzisa okunye.
30. Ukuqhubeka nomjaho wazo, izinyoni ziyagudluza ezindaweni ezazakhe zazalelwa zona. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi: kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3.
31. Uhlobo ngalunye lomndeni we-albatross lukhethe indawo yokukhulisa amaphuphu. Imvamisa lezi yindawo eziseduze kwekhwetha.
32. Bazama ukwakha izidleke zabo ziphithizele, bangaba eduze kwezinhlobo eziseduze zezinyoni zasolwandle.
I-albatross ayinobuqili ngenkathi kwakhiwa. Isidleke sakhe sibukeka njengendunduma yedaka, umhlaba notshani obunokudangala, emi ngqo emadwaleni noma ogwini.
34. Le nyoni ingasebenza njengesibonelo se-monogamy: lezi zinyoni zikhetha umlingani oyedwa empilweni. Lo mbhangqwana uthatha iminyaka ukuba ngumndeni wezinyoni wangempela onomzimba nezimpawu zawo.
35. Isiko lokudalwa kwezinyoni limnene kakhulu, bahlanza izimpaphe zabo, bondle omunye komunye, bagogeke futhi baqabulane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinde zokwahlukana, bobabili ophathina baphinde bandize endlekeni futhi ngokushesha baqaphelene.
36. Lezi zinyoni zilala iqanda elilodwa. Bayihlikihla. Inqubo yokuqhanyelwa kulezi zinyoni ingenye ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni wezinyoni futhi ihlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-80. Abalingani bashintsha njalo, futhi lapho amaqanda ebanjwa, zombili izinyoni zehlisa isisindo bese ziphela nya.
37. Enyangeni yokuqala, lo mbhangqwana uvame ukondla amawundlu awo, bese kuthi abashadikazi bawufudumeze. Ngemuva kwalokho abazali bangashiya isidleke senkukhu izinsuku ezimbalwa, lelo sonto lisala lodwa.
38. Inkukhu ihlala esidlekeni isikhathi esirekhodi sezinsuku ezingama-270, phakathi nesikhathi lapho ikhula khona ukuze umzimba wayo udlule usayizi wabantu abadala benyoni ngamapharamitha.
39.Albatrosses ushiya ngokuphelele iwundlu, futhi osemusha uphoqelelwa ukuba aphile yedwa kuze kube yilapho eguqula insipho yakhe yengane kumuntu omdala futhi aqeqeshe amaphiko ayo ukundiza. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka ogwini noma emaphethelweni amanzi.
40. Ama-Albatrosses asekulungele ukuzala eneminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala, noma kunjalo, awashadi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-9 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala.
Ukudla kwe-albatross kuqukethe izinhlanzi, ama-squid, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks kanye ne-plankton encane.
42. Ukuze inyamazane, ama-albatross ngokuvamile ahamba ebusuku, ayilandele emoyeni bese eyicosha ebusweni bamanzi epheshaneni. Izinyoni zingakwazi nokuntywila kumamitha ayi-12.
43. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zithanda ukudla okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-albatross akhetha ukuzingela olwandle, kanti amanye enza okuphambene.
44. I-albatross ezulazulayo ifuna ukudla kuphela ezindaweni ezinobukhulu bekhilomitha. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukuzingela ezindaweni ezahlukene.
45. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-albatrosses ayivezwanga. Bancane kuphela abantu abahlukile ezinyangeni ezindala ezinamabala ansundu noma ansundu. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi emikhawulweni emnyama yabesifazane kungabonakala emaphethelweni ezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezisemaphikweni.
46. Ama-Albatrosses ayizinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wazo. Ngaphandle, le nyoni icishe ifane nolwandle. Ngakho-ke, i-albatross inomlomo ofana nayo - mncane futhi yinde, igobekile esicongweni. Noma kunjalo, inesici sayo esibalulekile.
47. Amakhala enyoni akhona ezinhlangothini zoqhwaku futhi abukeka njengamashubhu amade. Isakhiwo sazo siyisizathu somqondo obukhali kakhulu futhi owakheke kahle wephunga le-albatross, okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezinyoni.
48. Eqhweni elingaphakathi, azikho izingcingo ukusiza ukugcina inyamazane ingoqhwaku.
49. Ijubane elijwayelekile le-albatross lingama-50 km / h, ubukhulu bungu-80 km / h. Inyoni endala indiza amakhilomitha angama-800-1000 ngosuku. Futhi imbulunga indiza izungeza ngezinsuku ezingama-46.
50. Emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule, ama-albatrosses asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamaqanda, amafutha, ne-fluff. Abantu bacekela phansi izingosi zabo ezidlekayo, kwadutshulwa nezinyoni. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni namhlanje ezinhlotsheni ezingama-19 kwezingu-21 zama-albatross zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu futhi zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Indawo yokuhlala yasendle
Ama-albatross amaningi ahlala endaweni eseningizimu, njengoba esezinze e-Australia esuka e-Antarctica, naseNingizimu Melika naseNingizimu Afrika.
Ukukhishwa kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezine zezinhlobo zePhoebastria. Abathathu kubo bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle iPacific, baqala ngeziqhingi zaseHawaii futhi bagcina ngeJapan, eCalifornia nase-Alaska. Inhlobo yesine, iGalapagos Albatross, idla ogwini lwePacific lwaseNingizimu Melika futhi ibonakala eziqhingini zaseGalapagos.
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-albatross ihlobene ngqo nokuhluleka kwabo ukundiza ngenkuthalo, yingakho ukuhlangana komkhakha wokuthula we-equatorial kucishe kube yinto engenakwenzeka. Futhi yi-Galapagos albatross kuphela eyafunda ukunqoba imisinga yomoya eyakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla olwandle aseHumboldt wamanje.
Ama-Ornithologists asebenzisa ama-satellite ukuqapha ukuhamba kwama-albatross olwandle, athola ukuthi izinyoni azibambi iqhaza ekufudukeni kwesizini. Ama-Albatrosses andizela ezindaweni ezihlukile zemvelo ngemuva kokuba isikhathi sokuzala sesiphelile.. Uhlobo ngalunye lukhetha indawo yalo nendlela yalo: isibonelo, ama-albatross aseningizimu kuvame ukuhamba uhambo lokujikeleza umhlaba jikelele.
Kucashunwe ku-Darkback Albatross
Endlini eyakhiwe ngamatshe, egcekeni enezinsalela kocingo oludilizhiwe, okwenziwe ngokwenqanyulwa ngozimele nangengilazi, kwatholakala isibhedlela. Amasosha amaningana aboshwe, aphuzi futhi adumbile ahamba ahlala egcekeni elangeni. Lapho nje uRostov engena emnyango wendlu, wabanjwa iphunga lomzimba olibolile nesibhedlela. Ezitebhisini wahlangana nodokotela wezempi waseRussia ephethe i-cigar emlonyeni. Udokotela walandelwa yi-Russian paramedic. - Angikwazi ukuklebhula, - kusho udokotela, - woza kusihlwa eMakar Alekseevich, ngizobe ngikhona. - Umsizi wezokwelapha wambuza okunye. - Uh! yenza njengoba wazi! Akufani konke? - Udokotela wabona uRostov ekhuphuka izitebhisi. - Kungani wena, makhosazana akho? - kusho udokotela. "Unjani?" Noma inhlamvu ayikuthathanga, ngakho ufuna ukuthola i-typhus? Lapha, baba, indlu yabanochoko. - Kuvela ini? Kubuza uRostov. - iTyphoid, baba. Noma ubani okhuphuka ukufa. Yimina kuphela mina noMateev (wakhomba abezimo eziphuthumayo). Lapha, odokotela bakithi abahlanu bafa. Ngiyobe sengikulungele okusha ngesonto, ”kusho udokotela ngentokozo ebonakalayo. - Odokotela basePrussia babizwa, ngakho-ke abalingani bethu abayithandi. URostov wamchazela ukuthi ufuna ukubona ama-hussar aqambile uMajor Denisov lapha. - Angazi, angazi, baba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ucabanga ukuthi, nginezibhedlela ezintathu, neziguli ezingama-400 nazo! Okuhle nokho, izintokazi zasePrussia zabantu abazizuzayo zisithumela ikhofi nentambo ngamakhilogremu amabili ngenyanga, ngaphandle kwalokho ngabe zanyamalala. - Wahleka. - 400, baba, kepha bangithumela konke okusha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ingabe kukhona abangama-400? KANYE? - Waphendukela ku-paramedic. Abezimo eziphuthumayo babukeka bekhathele. Ngokusobala, wayelinde ngentukuthelo ukubona ukuthi udokotela oyisimungulu uzophuma maduze. "UMajor Denisov," kuphendula uRostov, "wayelimele ngaphansi koMkhuleko." "Kubukeka sengathi ufile." Ah, Makeev? - udokotela ubuze ngokungadingekile abezimo eziphuthumayo. Abezimo eziphuthumayo kodwa abaze baqinisekise amazwi kadokotela. - Uyini ubude obomvu kangaka? Udokotela wabuza. URostov uchaze ukubonakala kukaDenisov. “Kwakunjalo,” kusho udokotela wathi, "kungenzeka ukuthi lo ubeshonile, kodwa ngendlela engingakwazi ngayo ukubekezela, ngibe nohlu." Ingabe unayo i-Makeev? "UMakar Alexeyitch unoluhlu," kusho owezimo eziphuthumayo. "Futhi woza emagumbini amaphoyisa, uzozibonela," wengeza, ephendukela eRostov. "Eh, kungcono ukungahambi, baba," udokotela wathi: "ngaphandle kwalokho ubungeke ushiywe lapha." - Kepha uRostov waya kudokotela wacela umsizi wezokwelapha ukuthi amphathe. “Ungasoli chur kimi,” kusho udokotela ememeza ngaphansi kwezitebhisi.
Incazelo ye-Albatross
Le nyoni yasolwandle ebabazekayo iyingxenye yokuhleleka kwezilwanyane. I-International Union for Conservation of Natural ihlukanisa umndeni omkhulu wama-albatross kuhlobo lwe-4 olunezinhlobo ezingama-22, kodwa ingxoxo isaqhubeka mayelana nobungako. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-albatrosses asebukhosini nabazulazulayo, adlula amaphiko (ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu) wazo zonke izinyoni ezihlala njengamanje.
Amapheya abantu abadala asuselwa ekuqhathaniseni kwengxenye emnyama / engaphandle yamaphiko nesifuba esimhlophe: ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nsundu, ezinye zingaba mhlophe qhwa, njengamaduna e-albatross yasebukhosini. Ezilwaneni ezincane, umbala wokugcina wezimpaphe uvela ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa.
Uqhwaku olunamandla lwe-albatross luphela ngoqhwaku olunethambo. Ngenxa yempumulo ende ende, inyoni iyawezwa amaphunga ayo (okungaxhunyiwe kwezinyoni), "okuholela" ekunikezelweni.
Akunazinzwane emuva ku-paw ngayinye, kepha kunezinzwane ezintathu zangaphambili ezixhunywe ulwelwesi. Imilenze eqinile ivumela wonke ama-albatross ukuhamba emhlabeni.
Lapho befuna ukudla, ama-albatrosses akwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngokuzikhandla, besebenzisa ukunyuka noma ukuthambekela okunamandla. Izimpiko zazo zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi inyoni ikwazi ukulenga emoyeni isikhathi eside, kepha ayikwazi ukubamba indiza ende. I-albatross yenza amaphiko ayo kuphela lapho ihamba, incike emandleni nasekujuleni komoya.
Lapho kuthulekile, izinyoni ziyajuluka phezu kwamanzi kuze kube yilapho umoya wokuqala ubasiza. Amagagasi olwandle, akagcini nje ngokuphumula endleleni, kodwa futhi alala.
Igama elithi "albatross" livela ku-al-ġaţţās yesi-Arabhu ("diver"), okuthe ngolimi lwesiPutukezi yaqala ukuzwakala njenge-alcatraz, yabe isithuthela esiNgisini naseRussia. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-albus yesiLatini ("emhlophe") kamuva yaphenduka i-albatross. I-Alcatraz - isiqhingi okuthiwa yiCalifornia, esasiqukethe izigebengu eziyingozi ikakhulukazi.
I-Albatross Nutrition
Lezi zinyoni azixuthi futhi aziyona gourmet uma kuziwa kokudla. Izinyoni ezihamba amakhilomitha amaningi ngosuku ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zidle i-carrion. I-Carrion ekudleni kwalezi zinyoni ingahlala ngaphezu kwe-50%.
I-tidbit izoba yinhlanzi, kanye ne-shellfish. Abazideleli i-shrimp namanye ama-crustaceans. Izinyoni zithanda ukufuna ukudla phakathi nosuku, yize zikwazi ukubona kahle ebumnyameni. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi izinyoni zingabona ukuthi amanzi ajule kangakanani, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo ze-albatross azizingeli lapho amanzi engaphansi kwe-1 km. ngokujulile.
Ukubamba i-tidbit, ama-albatrosses angakwazi ukuntywila agxibele emanzini amamitha ayishumi nambili. Yebo, lezi zinyoni zishona ngokuphelele emoyeni, ebusweni nangasemanzini. Kunezimo lapho edonsa amashumi ngamamitha ngokujulile.
Ukuzulazula okunamandla inyoni ye-albatross. Isithombe, ungathola ngaphezu kokuthola izinyoni ezihlwaya ku-Inthanethi. Lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukuhamba kahle emimoyeni eqinile yomoya futhi zibhabhe zimelane nakho.
Ama-Albatross adala amabhangqa agxekayo
Kusimo sezulu esinesivunguvungu, nangaphambilini nangemva kwaso, sisuka kukholamu yamanzi lapho kuvela khona izibiliboco eziningi zezinyoni: igobolondo ne-squid, ezinye izilwane, kanye ne-carrion.
I-Royal albatross
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni buqhamuka ku-110 kuya ku-120 cm, amaphiko abe ngu-280-350 cm, isisindo sabantu abadala cishe singama-8 kg. Izinhlobo zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi: ama-albatross wasenyakatho naseningizimu.Izimpiko zezindawo ezisenyakatho zimbozwe izimpaphe ngombala onsundu, kanti ezaseningizimu zinamaphiko ombala omhlophe omhlophe. I-Royal Albatross Habitat - New Zealand.
I-Wandering albatross
Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-117, amaphiko makhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane - aze afike ku-370 cm. Umbala weplamu lenyoni umhlophe, ezimpaphe zamaphiko kungenzeka kube nemivimbo emnyama. Umlomo mkhulu. Amaphayi apinki. Intsha inombala onsundu, ophela futhi uphenduke umhlophe lapho ikhula, kepha umdaka obonakalayo onsundu ungahlala ebeleni isikhathi eside. I-albatross ezulazulayo iyatholakala eziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Tristan Albatross
Ukubukeka kubukeka kufana kakhulu ne-albatross ezulazulayo futhi okwesikhathi esithile bekuthathwa njengezingaphansi zayo. Kodwa-ke, le nyoni incane ngosayizi, futhi umbala weplamu lawo umnyama mnyama. Intsha ithola iplamu emhlophe ebonakala kancane, uma iqhathaniswa ne-albatross ezulazulayo. Indawo yendawo yezinhlobo zeziqhingi zaseTristan da Cunha, lapho manje isongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
IBlackfoot Albatross
Isidleke esinama-albatross anezinyawo ezimnyama eHawaii, eziqhingini zaseJapan iTorishima neRiuku. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, izinyoni zichofoza imilomo yazo futhi zenze imisindo yokuhlakala.I-albatross enezinyawo ezimnyama ayinama-paws amnyama kuphela - iplamu yonke imomotheka. Mhlophe kuphela isisekelo somlomo. Indawo ekhanyayo yamapulangwe nayo ifinyelela ebunzini nasezihlathini.
Ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye ye-hypochondrium nayo ilula. Uqhwaku uqobo luvame ukuba mnyama ngokuqhakaza okubomvana. Kodwa-ke, kunemibala ekhanyayo. Amaphiko asuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.0 m. Ama-albatross anezinyawo ezimnyama avame ukulandela eminye imikhumbi elindele ukungcola kokudla. Zitholakala olwandle lwePacific ezindaweni ezinemifudlana efudumele nasezindaweni ezinamanzi ajulile. Ezindaweni ezidlekayo, le nhlobo, njengabanye, ivikelwe ngumthetho.
Kodwa-ke, inani le-albatross elinezinyawo ezimnyama liyancipha. E-Russia, ama-albatross anezinyawo ezimnyama angabonakala emanzini oLwandle iBering nase-Okhotsk. Ziyafana ngosayizi ama-albatrosses anombala omnyama. AbaseBrithani nabaseMelika babiza le albatross ngokuthi “ingulube ezintantayo” - ngenxa yemisindo yayo eshisayo.
Indlela yokuphila emhlophe enama-albatross
Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezishisayo zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Izidleke zabo zitholakala kuphela eziqhingini zaseWake naseBonin.
Lezi zinyoni zingahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 olwandle, bese zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala izidleke.
Ama-albatrosses anombala omhlophe angandiza kahle, nawo ayizinhlobo ezinhle. Bachitha impilo yabo yonke emoyeni noma emanzini, futhi bahlala emhlabeni kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala.
Ama-albatrosses anombala omhlophe andiza kahle, ngokushesha futhi isikhathi eside andiza. Izimpiko nomzimba ngesikhathi sendiza kungumugqa owodwa, kanti imilenze iyelulwa emuva ixhumeke komunye nomunye. Ukusuka emhlabathini, ama-albatrosses awakwazi ukusuka, kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukusuka, inyoni idinga ukuthola igquma, ngokwesibonelo, idwala noma idwala, futhi yehle kulo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-albatrosses angasuka ebusweni bamanzi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoni iyahlakazeka emanzini, iminwe ngokushesha imilenze, iphaphaze amaphiko amakhulu futhi yelule intamo yayo phambili.
Lezi zinyoni ziqikelela kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni, kuyaqabukela zisondele emikhunjini. Ama-albatrosses anombala omhlophe angasebenza imini nobusuku, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, zihlala zodwa, kepha uma kunokudla okuncane, khona-ke ziqoqana ngemihlambi emincane yezihlobo eziyi-10-20.
Ama-albatross amhlophe anombala omhlophe ayizinyoni ezithulile, ungakuzwa ukudonsa kwawo lapho zondla amantshontsho azo. Benza nemisindo ngenkathi belwa, kanti amazwi abo afana nokukhala kwezimbongolo.
I-albatross ene-white-backed yenza imisindo kuphela uma isuthisa amachwane noma ivikela insimu.
Badlani?
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo, kungaba uhambo lwayo noma i-albatross yasebukhosini, izinyoni zidla ikakhulu kokulandelayo ukudla:
- Inhlanzi
- Isikwidi esincane
- Ama-octopus amancane
- UKrill
- Ama-crustaceans amancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli balezi zinyoni bangadla nezakhamizi zasemanzini ezifile, eziningi kakhulu olwandle olukhulu olwandle nasolwandle.
Ama-Albatrosses ahlala ezinamathela kuwo vuka imikhumbi nemikhumbi, ihambisana nabo isikhathi eside, ibamba yonke imfucuza ephonswa olwandle noma olwandle. Futhi uma ezindleleni izinyoni zithola isisekelo esintantayo sokucubungula imikhiqizo yasolwandle, khona-ke ama-albatross alungele ukundiza ngemikhumbi enjalo izinyanga ezingaphezu kwamamayela ayinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, indlela enjalo yokuphila yabantu ejwayelekile. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi i-albatross ezulazulayo ilithole lelo gama. Lezi zinyoni zihlala zisendleleni.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isici se-albatrosses monogamous Indlela yokuphila. Izinyoni ezinje empilweni yazo yonke zizithola zimbhangqwana eyodwa futhi zihlala zithembekile khethiweyo wazo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zazo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuvuthwa kumuntu ngamunye kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-6 kuya kwempilo yabo, ngakho-ke baqala ukuqala umndeni ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi. Kuyenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zifuna iminyaka embalwa. Inqubo yokunakekela owesimame iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Lapho behlangana, abesilisa benza uhlobo lomdanso wokuphelisa phambi komngane wabo. Ukuthandana okunjalo kungahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uma owesilisa ethanda insikazi, bese bechitha isikhathi endaweni ababeyazi, bese beya esiqhingini esiwugwadule futhi baqale ukuzithethelela ngekusasa labo, bakhe izidleke ngotshani nemisipha.
Owesifazane U-albatross ubekela iqanda elilodwa nje, abalikhuhla nalo. Izinyoni ziyaguquka phakathi kwazo, njengomthetho, njalo emavikini angama-2-3. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukubamba iqanda. Inkukhu izalwa ngezinsuku ezingama-75-80 kuphela. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-albatrosses alahlekelwa aze afike ku-20% wesisindo sawo ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwawo konke.
Ukukhula kwenkukhu kuhamba kancane. Emavikini amathathu okuqala, abazali bayondla nsuku zonke, bese kuba kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Izinyoni zinakekela inzalo yazo unyaka wonke, kuze kube yilapho isidleke sinamandla futhi zikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla.
Yingakho umshado Isikhathi sezinyoni asenzeki ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokuvamisile. Kodwa-ke, akukhathaleki ukuthi ikhefu lithatha isikhathi esingakanani, wonke umuntu uyawa endizela kulesi siqhingi alinde lapho okhethiweyo wakhe, okuthi, njengomthetho, afike ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke impilo yomndeni walezi zinyoni ezingajwayelekile iyaqhubeka. Uma omunye wabo engagibeli esiqhingini, khona-ke okwesibili kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe kusele yedwa. Inyunyana yabo iqine kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-albatrosses azulazulayo nezinye izinhlobo cishe iminyaka engama-50.
I-Albatrosses
Ama-Albatrosses adume ngohambo lwawo olude ngaphezulu komkhathi wolwandle, kanye nokuba namaphiko amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wezinyoni. Bahlukaniswe emndenini ohlukile we-albatross, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-21 kuphela. Ngokubambisana nezimbotshana, izimbotshana, kanye namajuba aseCape, bakha iqembu iTubonose, okuthi emzimbeni wayo lihluke kakhulu kwezinye izinyoni.
I-albatross emhlophe-backed (Phoebastria albatrus).
Ama-Albatross ayizinyoni ezinkulu, ngokulandelana kwazo ziphakeme ngobukhulu ezimbizeni, kungasaphathwa izimvemvane ezincane namajuba eCape. Isisindo sezinhlobo ezinkulu zingafinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-11, amaphiko angamamitha ayi-2. Ngaphandle, ama-albatross afana nemikhondo emikhulu, kepha lokhu kufana kungaphandle kuphela. Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho uqhwaku "lwetiye" - olude, oluncane, olunendawo ebukhali ekugcineni. Kepha empeleni, uqhotho lwalezi zinyoni uhlelwe ngendlela ekhethekile: okokuqala, isembozo sophondo lwaso asiqhubeki, kepha siqukethe amapuleti ahlukile, njengokungathi athungwe ndawonye, okwesibili, amakhala ka-albatrosses afakwa amashubhu amade (lawo ayebizelwe kuwo) tubular), atholakala ezinhlangothini zomlomo. Lawa mashubhu abamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni ye-albatrosses, ngoba ukuhleleka okhethekile kwamakhalenda kuvumela lezi zinyoni ukuba zizwe ngephunga elisekude. Iphunga elibukhali lokuthola okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wezinyoni, futhi kuma-albatrosses athuthukiswa njengasezindabeni zangempela zegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engaphakathi yoqhwaku ivame ukuba nezimpawu ezivimba ukuthi inyamazane ebushelelezi ingangeni uqhwaku.
I-albatross ezulazulayo (i-Diomedea exulans) eduze kommeli omncane we-tube-nosed - ijuba laseCape.
Umzimba we-albatross umkhulu futhi mkhulu, intamo inobude obuphakathi, umsila umfishane futhi ushunqeke kakhulu. Amawashi e-albatrosses amafushane, kunezindawo zokubhukuda phakathi kweminwe. Ama-Albatross ahamba kancane emhlabathini, athambekele ngapha nangapha njengamadada noma amahansi, kodwa noma kunjalo ahamba kangcono kunezinye izinyoni ezingenashubhu, ezivame ukungabibikho emhlabathini. Izimpiko ze-albatrosses zincane futhi zinde kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni. Isakhiwo esinjalo samaphiko sivumela izinyoni ukuthi zihlele ukusebenzisa imisinga yomoya ephuma ebusweni bolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kune-tendon ekhethekile emaphikweni ama-albatrosses, ekuvumela ukuthi usakaze iphiko, ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla emisipha. Ngokuya ngobude bamaphiko, ama-albatross angabaphathi bomhlaba. Ezinhlotsheni ezincane, amaphiko anobude obungafika kumamitha ayi-2, kuma-albatrosses amakhulu nezulazulayo, ubude bawo obuphakathi kwamaphiko bungama-3-3.3 m, futhi isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuzulazula kwe-albatross sasinamaphiko amamitha ayi-3.7!
Izimpiko ze-albatross ezulazulayo zingaqhathaniswa nezimpiko zendiza encane ehlala esihlalweni esisodwa.
Amapayipi alezi zinyoni aminyene futhi eduzane, i-fluff iminyene, ilula futhi ifudumele, kanti i-fluff emboza umzimba we-albatross ungqimba oluqhubekayo, kanti kwezinye izinyoni ikhula kuphela emigqeni ethile - i-pterillia. I-fluff efudumele ye-albatrosses isondele ne-swan ezindaweni zayo ezibonakalayo. Umbala we-albatrosses awukhanyi, amathoni ansundu avela ezinhlotsheni ezincane, futhi amhlophe amakhulu. Izitho zomzimba ngamunye (ikhanda, amaphiko) ezinyoni ezimhlophe zingaqhathaniswa ngombala ompunga noma omnyama. Izinyoni zabo bobabili ubulili zinemibala efanayo.
I-albatross ekhanyayo enuka kancani (Phoebetria palpebrata) cishe. ENingizimu Georgia.
Ama-Albatrosses abahlali baseNingizimu Nenkabazwe; lapha atholakala yonke indawo ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-albatrosses angandiza aye enyakatho futhi ahlangane nendawo efudumele yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kodwa awalokothi andize e-Arctic Ocean.
IGalapagos Albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata) okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezidlekayo ekhwehleni.
Ama-Albatross angama-nomads waphakade, awagcini nje ngokuba nezindawo zokuhlala ezingapheli, kodwa ahamba njalo, amboza umhlaba wonke ngezindiza zawo. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-albatross achitha engaphezulu kolwandle kude nolwandle, ngoba lezi zinyoni kuyinto evamile ukungawuboni umhlaba izinyanga noma iminyaka (ama-albatross alala ebusweni bamanzi). Ijubane eliphakathi nendawo le-albatrosses lingama-50 km / h, kepha angalinyusa liye kuma-80 km / h. Ngejubane eliphakeme kangaka, ama-albatrosses angandiza cishe ubusuku nemini, ehle aze afike ku-800 km ngosuku! Ama-Albatrosses amakeke nama-geolocators azungeza umhlaba ngezinsuku ezingama-46, kanti amanye akwenzile lokhu ephindelela. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngaphandle kwalokhu “ukungabi namakhaya”, ama-albatross esidlekeni ezindaweni ezichazwe ngokuqinile. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlala kumasayithi okwakha izidleke eziqhingini ezithile (Falkland, Galapagos, Japan, Hawaiian nezinye eziningi), futhi inyoni ngayinye ibuyela ngokuqinile endaweni yayo yokuzalwa. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izidleke ze-albatrosses zitholakala ngokwesilinganiso kude kumamitha angama-22 ukusuka endaweni azalelwe kuyo uqobo! Ukunemba okumangalisayo nenkumbulo emangalisayo yendawo yezinyoni ezingabonanga umhlaba iminyaka!
I-albatross emnyama-emnyama (Thalassarche melanophris) inyukela ngaphezu kwamagagasi olwandle.
Kodwa ama-albatross anenye futhi imfanelo ekhangayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zithanda ukuthola ukudla ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: ezinye zizingela ngasogwini kude ne-100 km ukusuka ogwini, abanye - kude nomhlaba. Isibonelo, i-albatross ezulazulayo ngokwezigaba igwema lezo zindawo zolwandle lapho ukujula kungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1000. Kodwa ukuthi izinyoni zikwazi kanjani ukujula, uma zithola ukudla kuphela emanzini, lokhu kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. Ngesikhathi izidleke eziqhingini, izinyoni zabobulili obuhlukile zingabelana ngezindawo zokudla, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa beTristan albatross bandiza beyofuna ukudla kuphela entshonalanga, nezinsikazi ziye empumalanga.
ITristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) isuka ebusweni bamanzi.
Basebenzisa imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo ekhombisa ukusuka ngaphezu kolwandle ukuhambisa emoyeni. Okokuqala, i-albatross iyakhula, bese ihlela ngamaphiko ayisakazayo, yehlele kancane kancane emanzini futhi ihlole indawo ephakathi kwamanzi lapho ihlangana khona. Ukwehla ngobude obuyi-1 m, i-albatross ikwazi ukundiza iqonde ku-22-23 m iqonde. Ukuhlela nokuklanywa okhethekile kwephiko kuvumela izinyoni ukonga amandla, ngakho-ke zihlala emoyeni amahora amaningi ngaphandle kokwenza iphiko elilodwa lephiko. Ngokuzola okugcwele, ama-albatross ayaphoqeka ukuthi akhombe amaphiko awo, kodwa akhethe ukungakhuphukeli emoyeni ngalesi sikhathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-albatrosses abelokhu ebhekwa njengophawu lwenkinga phakathi kwabathumbi, ngoba ukubukeka kwabo eduze komkhumbi kwakusho ukusondela kwesivunguvungu. Ezokuzijabulisa, ama-albatross agibela phezu kwamanzi, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile asebenzisa iziqhingi nemikhumbi yemikhumbi ngokuzithandela. Ngenxa yamaphiko amade, lezi zinyoni zihamba kanzima, ziyagijima, zincamela ukuphuma emaweni noma emithambekeni.
IBlackfoot Albatross (i-Phoebastria nigripes).
Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezidlekayo, ama-albatross atholakala ngokweqile, kodwa ezindaweni ezinothile kokudla, angakha amaqoqo nabamele bezinhlobo zawo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-albatross, kanye nama-gull, petrels, kanye nama-boobies. Kwesinye isikhathi, balandelela ukuhamba kwemikhomo, imikhomo yokubulala nemikhumbi yokudoba, ngokuzithandela bacosha izinsalela zezinyamazane zabanye noma imfucuza yokudoba. Ama-Albatrosses azolile ngokuqondene nabafowabo nezinye izinyoni, imvelo yalezi zinyoni imnene kakhulu futhi ithembekile, ngokwesibonelo, kumasayithi okwakha ama-albatrosses angavumela umuntu ukuba asondele kubo.
U-Albatross uhlola i-chaise eseduze.
Ama-Albatrosses adla izinhlanzi, ama-squid nama-crustaceans, kodwa angadla bobabili i-plankton kanye ne-carrion. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda izinhlanzi, kwezinye, ukudla okuthandwa yi-squid. Ama-Albatrosses alandelela inyamazane yawo evela emoyeni futhi ayibambe isuka ebusweni bolwandle ngemilomo yayo kulendiza, kodwa uma kunesidingo, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukuphuma emoyeni noma ebusweni bamanzi zize zijule ngamamitha ayi-12.
Ikholoni yama-albatross amnyama agqamile eziQhingini zaseFalkland. Ngaphambili, lo mbhangqwana uthandana nothile.
Ama-Albatrosses azalela njalo eminyakeni emi-2, ngaleso sikhathi athuthela ezindaweni zawo zokubeletha. Indawo izidleke ezise koloni ingahlakazeka noma iminyene. Amakoloni asondele kakhulu ama-albatross amnyama agqokwa, angaba nezidleke ezingama-70 nge-100 m². Izidleke ze-Albatross ziwukuphakama kusuka emhlabathini noma inqwaba yotshani onomgodi ophakathi. Ama-albatross amaGalapagos awanazo izidleke nhlobo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi agobhoza amaqanda awo enqamula ikholomu efuna indawo engcono ebangeni elingaba ngamamitha angama-50! Kunezimo lapho amaqanda alahleka khona ngesikhathi skating. Uma ukwakheka kulahleka, ama-albatross angaphinde akwenze.
Ama-albatrosses amnyama anezinyawo ezimnyama enza umdanso wokulinganisa.
Ama-albatross ayizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi; ahlala ethembekile kumlingani wawo impilo yawo yonke futhi azomazi ngemuva kokungabikho izinyanga eziningi. Inqubo yokubhanqa ithatha iminyaka. Iminyaka yokuqala, izinyoni ezincane zindiza ezindaweni ezinendawo yokwakha izidleke, kepha azitholi umlingani, ngoba alwazi ngokuphelele ulimi lwezandla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baphucula amakhono abo futhi bathola umlingani ofanelekile, kuthi ezinyangeni zababili kusekwe amasiginali “womndeni” wabo oyingqayizivele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lo mbhangqwana osunguliwe uyeka ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungukuthi, ama-albatross asebenzisa inkambiso yokuzalelisa kuphela ukwenza i-pair, hhayi yokuzalelana ngokujwayelekile. Isiko lomshado lehla ukuhlela izimpaphe phakathi komuntu nomuntu ozwana naye, ephenduka ikhanda, ephonsa ikhanda emuva futhi edonsa kakhulu, eshaya izimpiko ezeluliwe, edonsa umlomo futhi ebamba uqhwaku lozakwethu ("ukwanga"). Izwi le-albatross lifana nesiphambano phakathi kokugibela kwe-goose nokuma kwehhashi.
I-albatross ezulazulayo yenza iculo lokulinganisa phambi kowesifazane.
I-Albatrosses ihlala ibeka iqanda elikhulukazi elilodwa futhi ilicwilise. Ukuguqulwa komlingani kwenzeka kakhulu - kusuka kanye ngosuku kuya kanye njalo emavikini amathathu. Sonke lesi sikhathi, izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni zingashukumi futhi zingadli lutho, ngenkathi zinciphisa kakhulu isisindo. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwe-albatrosses isikhathi eside kunazo zonke izinyoni - izinsuku ezingama-70-80.
Ama-albatross angabesifazane abamnyama agqotshwe ngenkukhu.
Abazali bensikazi ebanjiwe baqale babambe futhi bashise, kanti omunye umzali uhlezi esidlekeni, okwesibili azingele bese endiza ngempango. Emavikini amathathu okuqala inkukhu yondliwa ngamaqebelengwane amancanyana, okuyinto abazali abayikhipha kuyo inkukhu, khona-ke zombili izinyoni ezindala ziyasishiya isidleke bese zisivakashela kancane. Kuliqiniso, ngasikhathi sinye bafika nenani elikhulu lokudla (kufika ku-12% wesisindo somzimba wabo), kepha kujwayelekile ukuthi amaphuphu ama-albatross ahlala esidlekeni izinsuku eziningana yedwa. Ngesikhathi sokudla, amaphuphu aqoqana esiswini esinamafutha okudla okugaywewe okumbalwa, okusebenza njengendawo yawo yokugcina amandla.
Inkukhu enkulu enkulu ye-albatross ezulazulayo yachitha unyaka cishe esidlekeni.
Isikhathi sokudlekwa kwama-albatrosses isikhathi eside ngendlela engakaze ibonwe - amaphuphu ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-140-170 (ezinhlotsheni ezincane) noma ezinsukwini ezingama-280 (ezinhlanhlathayo ze-albatross). Ngalesi sikhathi, zikwazi ukuncibilika kabili futhi zikhulule isisindo senyoni endala. Ukukhulisa amachwane kuyaphela nabazali bagcina sebeshiyile isidleke, kanti nenkukhu ... iyasala. Angachitha ezinye izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa esidlekeni kuze kube yilapho sekudlule amanzi, amantshontsho ngokuzimela aya ngasosebeni, lapho athela khona amaphiko okwesikhashana. Imvamisa le nkathi yokungahambisi amachwane ichitha emanzini futhi ngalesi sikhathi iba sengozini enkulu koshaka, abahamba ngeziqhingi ngokukhethekile baye kondle ukuthola amachwane. Ngaphezu koshaka, ama-albatross cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo. Ama-albatrosses amancane andiza esuka endaweni yawo yokuzalwa aye olwandle ukubuyela lapha emva kweminyaka embalwa. Umbala wezinyoni ezincane uhlala umnyama ukwedlula owabantu abadala; ngokuhamba kweminyaka ziya zikhanya kancane. Ukuthomba kulezi zinyoni kuza sekwephuze kakhulu - ngeminyaka emi-5, kepha baqala ukubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kabusha kusukela eminyakeni engama-9 ukuya kwengama-10. Ukuzala okuncane nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile kufinyelela isikhathi eside sokuphila, ama-albatross aphila iminyaka engama-30-60!
Izinsalela ze-albatross ezinodoti wepulasitiki inyoni ezigwinya ngesikhathi sokuphila.
Ngezinsuku zakudala, izidleke ze-albatross zazisetshenziswa ngabatilosi kanye nabomnenga ekubambeni amaqanda, amanoni nefluff. Amaqanda aqoqwa ngesandla, amanoni ancibilika emachwaneni, futhi i-fluff yaqoqwa izidumbu zawo. Ngesinye isikhathi, amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaqanda namathani amaningana amafutha angangeniswa aqhamuka esiqhingini. Ukushaywa okukhulu ezindaweni ezakha izidleke zama-albatross asevele enamakhaza kwaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamanani awo, kwathi ngekhulu le-18-19, ukwakhiwa kweziqhingi ngabantu nako kungezelele kule nhlekelele. Ama-colonist aletha amakati, izinja nezinkomo eziqhingini, eziphazamisa izinyoni ezidlayo futhi zichithe amachwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-albatrosses adutshulwa evela emikhunjini eyokuzijabulisa futhi waze wadoba nokuloba njengezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-albatrosses zisongelwa ngokubhujiswa. I-Amsterdam, Chatham, ne-albatrosses emhlophe enezicucu kubhekwa njengento engatheni kakhulu; eyokugcina yaqala ukubonakala inyamalala ngo-1949, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, imibhangqwana eminingana yasinda. Ukuvikelwa ngokucophelela kuholele ekwandeni kwenani lalezi zinhlobo kubantu abangamakhulu amaningana, okuyiqiniso, elingenakubizwa ngokuthi isimo esiphephile.
Ama-albatrosses amnyama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Phoebastria immutabilis) ayaphoqeleka ukuba adle phakathi kukadoti weplastiki ogcina uphela naseziqhingini ezikude ezingenamuntu.
Kulezi zinsuku, ama-albatross ahlushwa ukungcoliswa kolwandle ngemfucumfucu nemikhiqizo kawoyela: uwoyela ugcwala amapayipi ezinyoni futhi awakulungele ukundiza, kanti ama-albatross ajwayele ukuthatha udoti ekukhiqizeni futhi azame ukugwinya. Ukuqongelwa kokugcotshwa esiswini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuholela ekufeni kwenyoni. Njengamanje, ezinhlotsheni ezingama-21 ze-albatrosses, eziyi-19 zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu! Ukuvikela lezi zinyoni ezinhle, i-Australia, iNew Zealand, i-UK, iFrance, iPeru, iChile, i-Argentina, iBrazil ne-Ecuador zisayine isivumelwano se-Albatross kanye nePetrel Conservation Agreement.
Bheka kumisiko eyalandelayo ye-albatrosses enesikhumba esimnyama.
Funda ngezilwane okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko: ama-boobies, amahansi, imikhomo, imikhomo yokubulala, ama-squid.
Izitha
Ukufa phakathi kwalezi zinyoni kuphansi kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zolwandle, cishe akukho okusongela i-albatross. Ingozi ivela kuphela ngesikhathi sokudalwa, futhi nangale lapho akuvamile. Akukho zidla zodwa eziqhingini. Usongo lungavela kuphela ezinkomeni eziqanjiwe zilethwe ngabantu futhi zilahlwe emhlabeni ongagcinwanga muntu, noma kumagundane awela eziqhingini ezivela emikhunjini. Lezi zilwane zingahlasela kokubili inyoni ebabayo kanye namachwane. Ngekhulu le-XX, usongo ku-albatross wayeyindoda. Ngomusa waqothula izinyoni ezinkulu ngenxa yezimpaphe zazo, eza ezigqokeni zabesifazane. Namuhla, cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-albatrosses zivikelwe yi-World Conservation Union.
Amanothi
- Boehme R. L., Flint V.E.
Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Izinyoni. IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi / sihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M.R. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 15 - 2030 amakhophi. - I-ISBN 5-200-00643-0. - [News.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/09/americas-oldest-wild-bird-is-a-new-mom Inyoni yasendle endala yaseMelika ingumama omusha], CNN (Mashi 9, 2011). Ibuyiselwe kabusha ngoMashi 9, 2011. "isicaphuni
: Le nyoni yahlonzwa okokuqala yahlanganiswa yibhande ngumcwaningi wase-USGS ngonyaka ka-1956 ngenkathi efaka iqanda, ngokusho kwe-USGS. Njengoba iLaysan albatross ingakwazi ukuzala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala emi-5 - futhi ichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yayo ngaphambi kwalapho olwandle - ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kuneminyaka okungenani engama-60. "Kungenzeka ukuthi usemdala kakhulu, njengoba iningi lamaLaysan albatross lingazalanisi kuze kube iminyaka engu-8 noma engu-9 ngemuva kokuthandana isikhathi eside ...".
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngenyoni
- Ama-Albatross abizwa ngokuthi ama-nomads bangaphakade, awunayo indawo yokuhlala unomphela. Ukuphila kwabo konke, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sezidleke, izinyoni zichitha ulwandle futhi zilala ngaphezu komphezulu wazo.
- Ijubane eliphakathi nendawo le-albatross lingama-50 km / h, ubukhulu bungu-80 km / h. Inyoni endala indiza amakhilomitha angama-800-1000 ngosuku. Futhi imbulunga indiza izungeza ngezinsuku ezingama-46.
- I-Albatrosses isidleke ezindaweni ezichazwe ngokuqinile zohlobo ngalunye, ibuyela ezindaweni zayo zokuzalwa.
- Endizeni, ama-albatrosses asindisa amandla ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamaphiko, okuwavumela ukuba ahlele emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuthula, izinyoni empeleni azikhuphukeli emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amatilosi abheka i-albatross njenge harbinger yenhlekelele, ngoba ukubukeka kwawo kwakusho ukusondela kwesivunguvungu.
- Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ama-albatrosses ayesetshenziswa njengomthombo wamaqanda, amafutha, ne-fluff. Abantu bacekela phansi izingosi zabo ezidlekayo, kwadutshulwa nezinyoni. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni namhlanje ezinhlotsheni ezingama-19 kwezingu-21 zama-albatross zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu futhi zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ukuzalela ama-albatross nama-petrel
Naphezu kwalokho "ukungabi namakhaya" kwe-albatrosses esidlekeni endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile, lapho bona uqobo bazalelwa khona. Lezi yi-Hawaiiian, Galapogos yaseJapan neFalkland Islands.
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi akatholakali amamitha angamashumi amabili nambili ukusuka endaweni azalelwa kuyo. Kwizinyoni ezingabonanga umhlaba iminyaka, lokhu kuyinkumbulo emangalisayo ye-topographic nokunemba okumangalisayo.
ITristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) isuka ebusweni bamanzi.
Ama-Albatross enza izidleke phansi nangaphandle komhlabathi noma ngenqwaba yotshani onomgodi ophakathi.
Ama-Galapagos albatrosses awazakheli izidleke nhlobo, kwesinye isikhathi agaya amaqanda efuna indawo engcono.
Izinyoni zezinyosi zomhlaba we-fishi u-fodya wehlukaniswe ngokwehlukana ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Abesilisa beTristan albatross bandiza beyofuna ukudla kuphela entshonalanga, insikazi iya empumalanga kuphela.
IBlackfoot Albatross (i-Phoebastria nigripes).
E-albatrosses, isikhathi sokudlekwa sikude kakhulu - sisuka ku-140 ezinhlotsheni ezincane kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-280 ku-albatross ezulazulayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphuphu landa kabili bese lithola isisindo esiningi. Ekugcineni, kufika isikhathi lapho abazali beshiya isidleke unomphela, futhi iphuphu lihlala lilungile lodwa. Uhlala izinsuku eziningana noma amasonto esidlekeni, khona-ke ngokuzimela uya ogwini, lapho ezothuthukisa khona amaphiko. Amakati ahlala sonke lesi sikhathi emanzini futhi asengozini enkulu koshaka.
U-Albatross uhlola i-chaise eseduze.
