Iklabishi leklabishi abelwe ososayensi emndenini wabamhlophe. Amaphiko ayo angaphambili anezinkomba ezinesizotha - cishe amasentimitha amathathu kwabesifazane abakhulu kunabo bonke, futhi kwabesilisa, amaphiko awafinyeleli ezinombolweni ezinjalo. Esikhathini esiningi, indawo yamaphiko ezinsikazi imhlophe futhi amachashazi kuphela aqhathaniswa nesizinda esikhanyayo.

Isici esihlukile sohlelo lwemibala lwalezivemvane amabhuzu amnyama asemaphikweni ezinsikazi, noma kunjalo, ubulili obuhlukile kulezi zindawo awunabo. Lapho evala amaphiko awo, izimvemvane cishe azibonakali kwabanye, ngoba amaphiko ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva.

Iklabishi livame kuwo wonke amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu, futhi liyabonakala naseNyakatho Afrika, ezingxenyeni ze-Asia kuze kufike eJapan. Izinhlobo zeklabishi zaziswa ngisho naseNingizimu Melika.

Owesifazane othwetshiwe iklabishi wesifazane

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yeklabishi

Iklabishi yisinambuzane esisebenza kahle. Ihlala emaphethelweni asehlathini, emaceleni nasezigodini, ezivandeni nasendaweni yokupaka, amabhande ehlathi, emigwaqweni. Lapha kudonswa ikakhulukazi yizitshalo ezivela emndenini obethelwe, ezikhula zisendle noma zitshalwe ngabantu.

Mayelana neklabishi lezimvemvane Basho ukuthi yizona zinambuzane eziphambili emnothweni wezingadi, yize lokhu kungenjalo ngokuphelele - abantu abadala benza okuhle kakhulu kunokulimaza.

Ungabona umsebenzi owengeziwe weklabishi ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Isimo sezulu lapho uvemvane sihlala khona sithinta ukuvela kwezibungu - kusuka kwiklabishi kungavela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Kufanekiswana ngamacimbi nezibungu zeklabishi

Izimpukane zeklabishi zisebenza ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sosuku, zindiza kakhulu ngezinsuku ezifudumele lapho izinga lokushisa lishisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimvemvane azithandi imimoya enamandla, ngakho-ke zithanda ukuhlala lapho indawo ivikeleke khona emoyeni.

Ukuchazwa kweCabbage Butterfly

Ngokusho kwesigaba, inkathazo ingeyombhalo wesizinda sama-Eukaryotes, isigaba sezinambuzane, uhlobo lwe-Arthropods. Ibhotela uvemvane uyilungu lomndeni wakwaBelyanok. Kwande kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Afrika. Yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthanda iklabishi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sinambuzane sidala umonakalo kwezinye izilimo.

Ukubona inambuzane kulula kakhulu:

• Iklabishi elimhlophe linomzimba omnyama, amaphiko ama-4.
• Ngokuyinhloko inombala omhlophe. Abesifazane kulula ukuhlukanisa kwabesilisa - abesifazane banamabala amnyama emaphikweni abo.
• Amaphiko ezinsikazi angafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-6, ezinambuzaneni zabesilisa lesi sibalo sincane.
• Kuzibungu, umzimba unombono we-ocher, izinambuzane zesikhathi esizayo zihlala zisondelana.
• Amacimbi kavemvane anombala oluhlaza okotshani, kukhona imivimbo emhlophe etholakala emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wesibungu ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-2-3.

Izimvemvane zeklabishi ziyizinambuzane ezinzima impela.

Okokubheka! Ngaphandle, kungahlanganiswa nesithombe sowesifazane, kepha uma kubhekwa ngokucophelela, umehluko ungaphawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho iklabishi likhulu ngosayizi.

Abantu besifazane abasezinkomeni zamaphiko angaphambili banezimpawu zomuntu omnyama onqenqemeni lwangaphambili namachashazi amnyama phakathi nendawo. Onqenqemeni olungaphambili lwamaphikoangemuva, kubalwa indawo eyodwa ebunjwe ngeklabhu.

Emadodeni, amathiphu ezimpiko zangaphambili nawo anemibala, kepha azikho izindawo; kumaphiko asemuva, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunendawo eyodwa.

Lapho indiza, iklabishi elimhlophe lihamba ngokungalingani, lapho lifika, ngokushesha ligoqa amaphiko alo. Ngenxa yombala ophuzi wengxenye engezansi, lesi sinambuzane asibonwa yizinyoni. Imvamisa, inkathazo itholakala emasimini nasezindalini.

Umzimba walesi sinambuzane u-oval, u-furry onamabili amathathu wemilenze. Amaconsi aphela ngemiphetho ebukhali, ngosizo lapho lesi sinambuzane sibanjelwe ezitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, ama-paws ngokwawo abuthakathaka, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi uvemvane ukuhambisa ngosizo lwawo, ngakho-ke ingxenye enkulu iyandiza.

Amehlo amakhulu asuselwa ekhanda, ukubonwa nokuhogela kwezinambuzane kukhule kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngokushesha futhi kalula uthola izitshalo ezikhanyayo nezihle. Imisila emide esikhundleni futhi iyasiza ukubona izimbali zeklabishi.

Kuvemvane esidala, umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimnyama, imichilo emithathu ephuzi ibonakala kahle emuva nasemaceleni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Abalimi abangenalwazi ngesizathu esithile bakholelwa ukuthi iklabishi yisipuni esidla iklabishi. Eqinisweni, luvemvane, futhi amasimu okutshala amasiko ashaya amacimbi awo.

Ukudla okunezinambuzane nokukhiqiza kabusha

Le ntokazi yeklabishi ichitha isikhathi sasebusika kuyi-pupae. Ukwephula uvemvane kwenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumala njalo, izinambuzane ziqala ukuphuma. IButterfly ibeka amaqanda emaqabunga eklabishi noma kwezinye izitshalo zomndeni obethelekayo notshani bokhula. Isinambuzane singalala ngokwesilinganiso sifinyelela kwizibungu ezingama-300, kepha uma izimo zivuma, inani lamaqanda aphuzi okwenziwe ngesigaxa ku-clutch lingakhuphuka lifike kuma-600.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukubukeka kwamacimbi kwenzeka, banombala ophuzi ophuzi, umzimba uphakeme ngamasentimitha amane, banemilenze eyi-16. Kancane kancane, umbala uguquka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amachashazi aphuzi namnyama avele.

Lapho isibungu sesikhonyane sifinyelela ebudaleni, sishiya amaqabunga bese siqhubekela emagatsheni, emabhodini, ocingweni. Ukuhlwitha okwesibili kwenzeka lapho, emva kwalokho ipupa liphenduka uvemvane olugcwele ngokuphelele. Lesi sinambuzane sihlasela izingadi nezingadi zasensimini ngamandla avuselelwe.

Ukunaka! Abaningi banesifiso sokuthi uvemvane weklabishi luhlala isikhathi esingakanani. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwembungu sithathe amasonto ambalwa; uvemvane osukhulile, ngemuva kokusuka ku-chrysalis, uhlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, uqhubeka ngokuzala njalo.

Ama-Butterflies adla umpe kusuka ezimbali, aqoqwe kusetshenziswa i-proboscis. Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu kuzo yilezi:

Ukubekwa kwamaqanda kwenziwa yizinambuzane ezitshalweni ezibethelwayo, kepha zithanda iklabishi. Izibungu kanye namacimbi athande kakhulu amaqabunga alesi siko, ekuqaleni onke anamathela ndawonye, ​​futhi lapho ukudla kuphela, akhasa esitshalweni esilandelayo.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iklabishi lingadla ngisho ugarlic, futhi ukunambitheka kwalo kuhluke kakhulu. Izitshalo ezi-Cruciferous zinambitheka nephunga elihle ngokusobala, okuheha inkathazo. Amanye amasiko wesinambuzane awathandeki, kungcono ukufa yindlala.

Ingozi yama-butterflies weklabishi isiko

Ngesikhathi sokufudumala, uvemvane uyakwazi ukuphatha izizukulwane ezimbili, ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngisho ezintathu. Inkathazo ingadala ukulimala okungalingani engadini yesakhiwo nasengadini. Kodwa-ke, uvemvane ngokwalo luphephile ezitshalweni zasemakhaya. Kungamacimbi alimaza izitshalo.

Ngokudla, izinambuzane zisebenzisa amaqabunga eklabishi nezinye izitshalo ezibethelwe - ama-turnips, ama-radishes, lwesinaphi, i-horseradish. Ngeshwa, uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikoloni lezimbungulu lingabhubhisa cishe sonke isivuno.

Kodwa-ke, hhayi izitshalo kuphela ezingathinteka. Amacimbi amhlophe eklabishi afihla into enobuthi engadala ukucasuka kwesikhumba. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukufa kwezinkukhu ngemuva kokudla lezi zinambuzane kwaphawulwa.

Iklabishi: ukubukeka nezici zezinhlobo

Iklabishi noma iklabishi elimhlophe, isithombe

Iklabishi (i-Pieris bricae) luvemvane olungowomndeni wabamhlophe (uPieridae).

Izinambuzane zabantu abadala zikhulu impela. Amaphiko afinyelela ku-55-60 mm.

Iklabishi inombala omhlophe, ihambisana namabala amnyama ezansi. Isici esiyingqayizivele seklabishi elimhlophe ubukhona bendawo emnyama ebunjiwe ngensundu ngenhla kwamaphiko angaphambili. Amaphiko aphansi aphuzi ngezikali ezimnyama.

Owesifazane weklabishi une-dimorphism yezocansi: izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zinezitho zobulili ezihlukile ngesakhiwo.

Umjikelezo Wempilo Yeklabishi

Iminyaka yezimvemvane iqala entwasahlobo. Amanzi amhlophe eklabishi ahola impilo yansuku zonke, uvemvane lusebenza kakhulu ezinsukwini ezinelanga futhi ezishisayo, alizibekezeleli isimo sezulu esinomoya.

Izinga lokushisa elikhulu leklabishi lingu-20-25 ° C.

Izimvelela zizalela ngoJulayi-Agasti. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda engaphansi kweqabunga ngamaqembu ama-20-200 ama-pcs. I-fecundity yeklabishi ifinyelela amaqanda angama-300.

Amaqanda eklabishi anombala ophuzi onsomi wesimo sokugoba. Ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-1,2 mm. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-1-2, amacimbi avela emaqandeni.

Izibungu ezimhlophe zeklabishi zinombala oluhlaza okotshani onamabala namachashaza ansundu, kanye nemivimbo ephuzi. Ubude besibungu bungamasentimitha ayi-3,5. Kuqala, izibungu azishukunyiswa futhi zibambene. Zidla inyama engaphansi kwamaqabunga. Emva kwesikhashana, amacimbi ahamba esihlahleni adle amaqabunga awo. Uma amacimbi amancane akhetha uhlangothi olungaphansi lwamaqabunga, khona-ke abantu abadala bancamela uhlangothi olungaphezulu.

Iklabishi amacimbi molt amahlandla amane. Isigaba se-larval sinokuhlala kusuka kumaviki amabili ukuya amane, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngemuva kokuthi isibungu sihlanganiswe nebhande lentambo kasilika ezindaweni ezingaphansi (amatshe, izihlahla, iziqu, uthango) bese liphenduka libe yi-chrysalis.

Ama-Pupae anombala ophuzi ophuzi kanye nesimo esingama-angular. Ezinhlangothini nasemuva zinamachashazi amnyama. I-Pupae imvamisa itholakala ezihlahleni, uthango, odongeni lwezakhiwo, isikhathi esiningi kutholakala emaqabunga eklabishi. Isigaba se-pupal sithatha isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esingezinhle, amacimbi ezizukulwane zasehlobo angakhiqiza i-diapausing pupae; aqeda ukukhula kwawo ngemuva kobusika.

Abasha banekhanda elimnyama, abantu abadala banezindawo ezikhanyayo kuso.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sesibili kwenzeka uma okokuqala kungabhujiswa. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuze kufike ezizukulwaneni ezingama-3-5 iklabishi zingakhula ngesizini eyodwa.

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, isizukulwane sokuqala sivela ngo-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, nasenyakatho - ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isizukulwane sesibili sikhula ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula

Ukuvimbela okuyinhloko ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okufike ngesikhathi. Uma amaqanda etholakala esihlahleni, izindlela ezidingekayo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha. Inani elincane lezitshalo lingalashwa ngokususa amaqanda ezinambuzane ngesandla.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:

• Susa u-masonry ezakhiweni zokhuni kanye uthango ngejet lamanzi elinamandla.
• Ungavumeli ukhula olubethelwayo lukhule ngokuqinile emibhedeni, luzisuse ngesikhathi.
• Imibhede enezilimo ezibethelwa kakhulu itholakala endaweni ekude kakhulu komunye nomunye, ukuze ungakhangi izinambuzane.
• Isinambuzane esiyingozi asithandi iphunga lama-marigolds, i-valerian, i-lemon balm.
• Izithombo zeklabishi kufanele zimbozwe nge-agrofibre ekhethekile ukuze izimvemvane zingakwazi ukubeka amaqanda.
• Izaqathi, iparsley ne dill kukhanga izitha zemvelo zeklabishi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ezibunjiweyo phakathi.
• Imibhede yeklabishi eseduze idonsa izinambuzane kakhulu, hhayi kuphela izimvemvane zeklabishi.
• Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile amaqabunga ezitshalo ukuze uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi.
• Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa amakhemikhali.

Emvelweni, kunezitha zemvelo zeklabishi. Umgibeli oyinhloko i-Apanteles. Lolu luhlobo lwe-wasp oluyisidleke samacembe futhi lubeka amaqanda asemizimbeni yabo. Njengomphumela, kufa kwe-80% yemfutfo kuyabonakala. Ngumgibeli osiza ukulawula inani lezimvemvane emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho iklabishi lingaba ukudla kwamabhungane nezicabucabu.

Izindlela ze-Folk zokubhekana neklabishi levemvane

Kunezindlela eziningi zokusiza ukubhekana nalesi sinambuzane. Okokuqala, kunconywa ukuzama izindlela zabantu. Kunemiyalelo eminingi yezimali:

• Thatha inani elilinganayo le-burdock, yarrow kanye ne-wormwood. Hlanganisa kahle bese uthele le ngxube ngamanzi abilayo engxenyeni eyi-1/3. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ukumnika kuhlungwa futhi kuphathwe nezitshalo.
• Kumalitha amathathu wamanzi, ibhodlela le-valerian tincture liyachithwa. Isixazululo siphathwa ngezithombo zamaklabishi, iphunga alilijabulisi kakhulu inkathazo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka.
• Amagatsha kaphayini nezigaxa zenani lama-200 g enza ama-2 amalitha amanzi ashisayo. Shiya isonto lonke ukugcizelela. Isixazululo esiphelile sihlungiwe, sigcinwe esiqandisini. Ukucutshungulwa, ingilazi yokufakwa ifakwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
• Insipho nomlotha kuyizinto ezinhle ezisiza ukubhekana nezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi. Ukusuka kwiklabishi nazo zizosiza. Ingxenye yekhilogremu yomlotha ihlanjululwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kuxutshwe kahle, kushiywe isikhathi esithile. Cofa uketshezi olubonakalayo esitsheni esihlukile, engeza izipuni ezimbili ezinkulu zensipho ewuketshezi. Ithuluzi licutshungulwa izilimo.

Kunemithi eminingi yabantu, kunconywa kumkhiqizi ukuthi uqaphele ngokuqinile ukulingana nesisindo, ukuze kungalimazi isiko.

Okokubheka! Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokulawula zisebenza kuphela ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezincane zezinambuzane.

Amakhemikhali

Uma amakhambi esintu engenamandla, kuyanconywa ukubuyela kumakhemikhali. Vele, kufanelekile ukukhetha izinketho eziphephe kakhulu - izindlela zokulawula zemvelo. Azilimazi isitshalo futhi zisiza ukubhekana nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka izidakamizwa ezinjengeFitoverm, iLepitocide.

Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinkulu kungcono ukunikela ukukhetha ku-chemistry engathi sína - Karbofos, Aktellik. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemiyalo, futhi izitshalo zicutshungulwa kuphela esakhiweni sokuqalwa kwamapheshana.

Ukwazi ukuthi kulimaza ini iklabishi okwenzeka kulomuntu, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvikela izitshalo ngesikhathi ukuze ukhule isivuno esihle futhi esigcwele. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, ungasebenzisa izindlela zabantu, uma kunesidingo, faka amakhemikhali alungiselelwe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo. Ukutshala okulungile kwezitshalo zohlobo olufanayo, kanye nokutshala izimbali intombazane yeklabishi engazithandi, kuzosiza futhi ekugwemeni izinambuzane.

Incazelo Nezici

Le lepidoptera ingeyomndeni omkhulu wabamhlophe, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-1146, i-91 genera. Igama laso eliphelele lesayensi iklabishi elimhlophe (isiLatini uPrisisonze). Ubukhulu babantu abadala buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-3.3 cm. Kulokhu, izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Izimpiko zangaphambili zisukela ku-5.1 kuye ku-6.3 cm, kuthi okokugcina zisuke ku-4.9 ziye ku-6.2 cm

Umbala oyinhloko uvemvane umhlophe noma ukhilimu. Amagumbi angaphandle amaphiko anomphetho omnyama. Abesifazane ngaphezu kwalokho banechashaza elimnyama kwelinye iphiko elingaphezulu. Uhlangothi olungaphakathi lwamaphiko luhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke, ukuphumula kwesinambuzane esitshalweni kungenzeka kungabonakali.

Cishe wonke umzimba weklabishi, ohlanganisa ikhanda, isifuba nesisu, umbozwe izinwele ezinhle kakhulu. Lapho uvemvane luhlala ezimbalini, izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zempova zihlala kulezi zinwele. Ngakho-ke, iklabishi elimhlophe linomthelela ekungcolisweni kwezitshalo.

Isinambuzane esidala sidla ngosizo lwe-proboscis. Imvamisa ijijeka ibe yindilinga. Isinambuzane siyayiqondisa kuphela lapho ifuna ukuthola umpe kusuka ezimbalini. Izitho zombono we uvemvane ziyindilinga eyindilinga namehlo amakhulu anele. Ama-Tactile kanye nama-olcinory receptors atholakala kumathiphu wezimpondo ezinde.

Kunezihlakala ezimbili emlenzeni ngamunye wesithupha. Ngosizo lwabo, lungabanjwa emagxolweni esihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-paws yangaphambili yamawashi ikhule kahle eklabishi kangangokuba ingayisebenzisa lapho uhamba. Iklabishi elimhlophe lihamba ngokuxhamazela. Lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo kwizinyoni, ngoba kunzima kakhulu kuzo lezi zinsikazi ukubamba izinambuzane ezihamba ngamajezi ezindiza.

Njengethuluzi lokuvikela nokuthusa izitha ezingaba khona, uvemvane lisebenzisa umbala walo. I- "capouflage" ye-aposematic ayigcini nje izinambuzane ezindala, kodwa futhi nezibungu zazo nepupae.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokucaciswa kokudla, amacimbi eklabishi akhipha iphunga elingajabulisi (imbangela yalo u-oyela wesinaphi oqukethe izakhi zesibabule), oxosha izinyoni eziningi.

Ukubona uvemvane omhlophe engadini noma i-flowerbed, kusheshe kumkhombe njengeklabishi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona njalo njalo - iklabishi lebhabhathane Ine "kabili" emndenini ofanayo, ovame ukudideka omunye nomunye.

Okukhulu kunakho konke ukuthi "umzala" wakhe, repens females, sifana kakhulu neklabishi emhlophe. Izimpiko zayo ezimhlophe nazo zinamamaki amnyama (owesilisa unelinye ephikweni, insikazi inamabili), kanti ekhoneni lephiko layo elingaphezulu limnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphindaphindeka kwabesifazane kuncane kakhulu - ubude bomzimba wakhe abudluli ku-2 - 2.6 cm, kanti amaphiko - 4-5 cm.

Ngaphandle kufana neklabishi ne-bryukvennitsa. Amadoda ama-ruthenes afana kakhulu nabelungu beklabishi, amakhona angamaphiko angenhla nawo adwetshwe ngombala omnyama. Kodwa-ke, izindondo zazo azikhulunywa kanjalo (zingaba nsundu, ziphuzi), futhi amabala ngokwawo acacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphiko elingaphansi laleli uvemvane linombala ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi ophuzi. Izimpiko zamadoda zenzelwe u-3.5 - 4 cm, kwabesifazane - 1.8 - 2.6 cm.

Enye inambuzane ebizwa ngokuthi uvemvane leklabishi yi-hawthorn. Ubukhulu bawo buqhathaniswa nobukhulu beklabishi elimhlophe (amaphiko 5 - 6.5 cm), kepha azikho izindawo ezimnyama emaphikweni alo - mhlophe ngamathambo amnyama amnyama.

Ungadida iklabishi nangezinhlayiya ze-pea ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sakamuva sinocezu olumnyama emaphikweni aphezulu. Noma kunjalo, amakhona emaphiko ahlala ekhanya. Le uvemvane, imvamisa, lungavela ekuvulekeni okuvulekile, emameleni. Ensimini, ngokungafani "nama-double" abo, akuwona izivakashi ezivame ukwenziwa. Kuze kube manje, lolu hlobo lwamanzi amhlophe lubhekwa njengolunye olungandile, futhi ngenxa yalokho lumele ingozi encane kakhulu kunaleyo eminye.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Imvamisa iklabishi butterfly uhlala emasimini nasezigangeni. Kodwa-ke, azizwa ekhululekile kakhulu emaphethelweni ehlathi, emigwaqweni, ezivandeni, emapaki ngisho nasendaweni yezindawo zokuhlala - lapho kunemithombo efanelekile yokudla okunempilo.

Ngenxa yekhono lazo lokukhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-20, kanye nokufika ngesivinini esingafika ku-20 km / h ngendiza, azithutha kalula nje hhayi phakathi kwezingadi, kodwa futhi zihamba amazwe nezwe zize zindize nakwamanye amazwekazi.

Ekuqaleni, abamhlophe beklabishi babehlala e-East East nase-Asia Ephakathi, kepha indawo yokuhlala yanamuhla yalezi zinambuzane iye yanda kakhulu. Namuhla zingatholakala yonke indawo engxenyeni ese mpumalanga yeYurophu (kuze kufike ku-62 ° N), eNyakatho Afrika, e-East Asia, e-Urals, eSiberia eseningizimu, ePrimorye eseNingizimu ngisho naseSakhalin.

Njengomphumela womhlaba jikelele, maphakathi nawo-1800s, ama-skits okuqala avela endaweni yaseNyakatho Melika. Okokuqala, izimvemvane “zaziqondisisa” insimu yaseCanada (zaqala ukubonwa lapha ngo-1860), base bethuthela e-USA. Ngo-1893, lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lwalungatholakala eHawaii.

Izwe elilandelayo abalikhethayo kwakuyiNew Zealand (1930). Futhi emva kweminyaka embalwa base bevele batholakale yonke indawo endaweni yezwekazi lase-Australia. ENingizimu Melika, izinambuzane zithole engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XX. Isibonelo, eChile, “bahlangana” nabo ngeminyaka yo-1970.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emazweni amaningi izimo zazikuthanda kakhulu ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwabamhlophe beklabishi kangangokuba inani labo landa ngokushesha. Futhi ukulimala okuvela ezinambuzaneni kutholile inani elikhulu kakhulu.

Lezi zimvemvane ziphilela impilo yansuku zonke, zichitha ubusuku emifantweni yezindonga, ezicijile kanye nasegumbini lezihlahla. Zisebenza kakhulu ngezinsuku ezifudumele ilanga. Bancamela ukulinda izimvula ezindaweni ezivalekile.

Abazithandi izimhlophe zeklabishi zemisinga enamandla yomoya, ngenxa yalokho bazama ukukhetha izifunda ezingenamoya zempilo nokuzala. Izindiza ezinkulu zeklabishi ziqala entwasahlobo ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singena. Isikhathi somsebenzi wevemvane sisukela ku-Ephreli kuya kumhla woku-1 ku-Okthoba.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Njengezinambuzane eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa uvemvane iklabishi liqukethe izinyathelo eziningana ezilandelanayo. Ngenxa yabelungu abaningi beklabishi, abesilisa akudingeki benze amabanga amade beyofuna umlingani.

Ukuheha insikazi, owesilisa ukhipha iphunga elinamandla, elifana nephunga le-geranium. Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela ngqo ekuzithobeni, izimbotshana zindizela ndawonye ngamamitha ayi-100 (inqubo eyinqayizivele yokuthandana nokuthandana).

Kuyathakazelisa! Izikhumba zezinsikazi zifihla kuzo “ezinye izithandwa” otshanini. Lapha usonga amaphiko akhe futhi aqande. Uma owesilisa nokho ethola insikazi efihlekile, uvula kancane amaphiko ayo ukuvimba ukuthintana futhi anikeze isibonakaliso sokwenqaba (ukuphakamisa isisu sakhe nge-engela eyingozi). Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa ocasulayo uyandiza ahambe ayobheka omunye umlingani.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo. Amadamu, ngalinye lawo lingaba namaqanda ayi-15 kuye kwangama-100 (ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle nezingcezu ezingama-200), izimvemvane zibekwa ngaphakathi kwamashidi ezitshalo ezibethelwayo (kaningi, kwiklabishi). Lapha, amaqanda akavikelekile kahle hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni ezidla lubi, kodwa futhi emvuleni naselangeni elikhanyayo.

Ososayensi baveze ukuthi isitshalo seklabishi sikulungele ukubumbana ngephunga (ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izinambuzane zize zibeke amaqanda ocingweni olugcotshwe ngokucophelela ngejusi leklabishi).

Kuyathakazelisa! Ekuhambeni kweminyaka eminingi yokubuka, ososayensi baqaphela isici esisodwa seklabishi - ayigcini nje ngokubekela amaqanda, kodwa banakekela inzalo yayo, noma kunalokho, ukuthi inokudla okwanele. Ngakho-ke, insikazi ayizalela amaqanda kulawo maqabunga lapho sekuvele kubekwe khona omunye uvemvane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuba khona kweziqu zemvelo ziklabishi nakho kuqashelwa ngephunga.

Amaqanda abamhlophe beklabishi abunjwe ngesigaxa sakhiwe ngezimbambo ezinde. Umbala wamaqanda uphuzi ophuzi. Ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, izibungu ziyavela kumaqanda abekwe. Umsebenzi wabo omkhulu ukuqongelela izinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesinambuzane.

Ekuqaleni iklabishi butterfly izibungu incane impela futhi ifana nesibungu esincane. Kodwa-ke, ngokudla okuqhubekayo, ithola isisindo ngokushesha, iphenduka isibungu sabasizi "abaqinile" abangama-4 - 4,5 cm.

Amakhethini asanda kuqhamuka emaqandeni aqhekeza isikhumba nenyama emaqabungeni. Kepha kancane kancane isifiso sabo sokudla siyakhula, futhi bathola amandla okubhubhisa ngokuphelele izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Ngokunikezwa kokuqina kwezibungu, kanye nenani labo, umuntu angawucabanga kalula umonakalo abawubangelayo ezitshalweni.

Ngenkathi izibungu zincane, zibamba ngamaqembu amakhulu, njengoba zazinjalo kumakhosi. Kepha lapho bethola amadala, bafumana isikhala nokudla abakudingayo. Ngakho-ke, bahlakazeka ezindaweni eziningi.

Mncane iklabishi butterfly isibungu inombala oluhlaza ophuzi noma okhanyayo, okuvumela ukuthi ihlangane neshidi lapho lihlala khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, sibonga izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwe-pigment eziqukethwe emzimbeni wakhe, izibungu zingashintsha izithunzi zokwenza kwayo, zivumelane nezimo ezihlala kuzo. Ngakho-ke, ekukhanyeni kushiya isibungu “siguqekile”, bese siba ngamaqabunga amnyama, sithola umbala ogcwele ngaphezulu.

Ukukhula, imidumba yamabele futhi kushintsha umbala wayo amahlandla ama-4. Ekuqaleni iba nsundu-grey enamabala amnyama. Imicu ephuzi ligijimela ezinhlangothini zomzimba, bese ilula ngemuva. Ngemuva kwalokho umbala oyinhloko wesibungu uguquka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imivimbo ophuzi ezinhlangothini, emuva, namabala amnyama emzimbeni asasele.

Isibungu simbozwe ngokuphelele nge-setae encane. Imilenze yakhe engu-16 enesibindi imvumela ukuba akwazi ukuzungeza kalula phezulu kweshidi futhi angawi. Imihlathi ye-chitin yama-larva inezinhlobo zohlobo lokugedla futhi ihlala ihamba. Lokhu kumvumela ukuba alume futhi ahlafuna ngisho nemicu yezitshalo eqinile.

Njengabantu abadala, amacimbi angakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade efuna ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, abafani ngokubandakanyeka (imvula enkulu) nokushisa okukhulu. Izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwabo yisimo sezulu esomile futhi + t + 20 + 25 ° С.

Kepha ngokungafani nezimvemvane ezisebenza phakathi nosuku, izibungu azihambi ebusuku. Ngokunembile, badla kanzima ebusuku, futhi phakathi nosuku “bayaphumula” phansi kwamakhanda eklabishi, kude nemisebe yelanga, izinyoni namehlo abantu.

Isikhathi sokukhula kwesibungu singamaviki angama-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi sidlulela ezinsukwini ezingama-40. Konke kuncike emvelweni. Lapho bethandeka kakhudlwana, inqubo iba masinyane. Ekupheleni kwayo, izibungu sezikulungele ukudonsa.

I-Pupa yeklabishi elimhlophe yisikhathi esisengozini kakhulu sokuphila kwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, akavikelekile kunoma yini futhi angeke akwazi ukucasha engcupheni engaba khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthuthele esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka futhi ushintshe ube yi-chrysalis, isibungu sikhangela indawo ebekelwe kakhulu (lokhu kungaba isihlahla esiseduze, isiqu sesihlahla, noma uthango ngemuva kwendonga).

Njengoba isikhethile ekhoneni elifanele, kuqala inamathele kulo ngokuqinile ngentambo efana nosilika, bese iyagobhoza bese iqala ukwanda kancane. I-pupa yeklabishi iyafana ngombala kumbungu - yona leyo green green green enamachashazi amnyama amnyama. Isimo sakhe silingile kancane.

Ngemuva kwamaviki awu-1.5 kuye kwayi-2, kuqhekeka imifantu, bese kuqhamuka uvemvane omusha kuyo. Uma isigaba sokwehla kwezingane senzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi isimo sezulu singakuthandi ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, amaqabunga eklabishi ahlala esesimweni se-pupa futhi achithe ku-animation emisiwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Ekuqaleni, amaphiko alesi sinambuzane “esisanda kuzalwa” athambile futhi agobekile, ngakho-ke uvemvane uyawasabalalisa kancane kancane bese uwomisa elangeni amahora amaningi. Cishe ngokushesha lapho amaphiko eqina, uvemvane usukulungele ukuzala nokuqhubeka kokuzala. Isikhathi sokuphila kwesinambuzane esidala cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-20. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikhathi sonyaka, izingane ezimbili zabelungu zeklabishi zingase zizalwe (ezindaweni ezifudumele umjikelezo wesithathu futhi kungenzeka).

Kuyathakazelisa! Isizukulwane sesibili sabamhlophe beklabishi simele ingozi enkulu emazweni asemakhaya nasemapulazini azimele. Isizathu ukuthi abantu abadala bokuqala kwentwasahlobo kufanele basebenzise izitshalo zasendle ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni izimbali.

Ingadi yemifino ngaleso sikhathi ayikakakhiwa ngokwanele ukondla izibungu ezibi. Kepha isithombo sasehlobo sifaka inzalo yaso kwikhabishi elinamandla nakwezinye izitshalo ezitshaliwe zomndeni obethelwayo.

Ukuchazwa kwe-Botanical nezimpawu zamaphiko

Ikati leklabishi limele nsuku zonke umndeni wabamhlophe. Izimpiko zangaphambili zinobude obungama-25 kuye kwangama-33 mm. I-Span - isuka ku-4,9 kuye ku-6.2 cm emadodeni, kwabesifazane - ifike ku-6.3 cm.

Umbala wezimpiko uvemvane leklabishi-umphetho umhlophe ophuzi, unesiphuphu esincane esimnyama; amabala ekhoneni elingaphezulu elingaphezulu naphakathi nendawo atholakala emaphikweni angaphambi kwalapho. Ezimpondweni ezingemuva kukhona amabhuzu phakathi, aphuzi ngaphansi.

Lapho kuthinta amaphiko, impova iyaqhuma kubo, bese belahlekelwa umbala. Impova yezimpiko ngokwayo imelelwa yizikali ezincane ezilele ngokuqinile ephikweni bese zibhanqana, njengokufakwa kwamathayili. Ngalesi sizathu, izimvemvane zabelwa uhlobo lwe-lepidopteran.

Isinambuzane sinombono nephunga elithuthukiswe kahle, elivumela ukuba linqume ngokunembile isitshalo esidliwayo. Ekhanda, cishe sonke isikhala sihlalwa ngamehlo. Amadevu wesinambuzane mude futhi anegqinsi kumathiphu, nawo ahlanganyela enqubweni yokuqashelwa kwezitshalo ezidliwayo.

Uvemvane lusabalalisa impova yalo emaphikweni alo, izitshalo ezithutha impova. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinambuzane asilimazi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi siyazuzisa.

Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Kowesifazane, phansi kwephiko kuhlala kuphuzi ngokwengeziwe, okuzwakala ikakhulu esizukulwaneni sesibili.

Isakhiwo

Ibhabhathane leklabishi linomzimba omncane we-shaggy, ofana kakhulu noweMbu bug. Kuqukethe iminyango emithathu:

• isisu,
• ikhanda,
• amabele anezingxenye ezakhiwe.

Uvemvane lunamaboda amathathu emilenze, ekugcineni kwalowo nalowo kukhona izindwani ezibukhali kakhulu ezibavumela ukuba bahlale ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni.

Njengazo zonke izimvemvane, iklabishi liqukethe kuphela imihlathi ephansi eyisitinous, engagawula ngisho neqabunga leklabishi.

Habitat

IBelyanka imelwe kabanzi eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Afrika. Okwamanje e-Asia nasempumalanga yeJapan, lapho isimo sezulu sihlala sikhona. Eminyakeni yama-90s yekhulu leminyaka edlule wabonwa eSouthern Primorye. Isitholakala enyakatho ye-Arctic Circle. Kusungulwa ngokucacile ukuthi laba ngabantu abafudukayo.

EChile, eMelika eseMelika nasePanama, kwavela kuphela ngenxa yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, okungukuthi, kwethulwa. Kepha nokho uvemvane luvame kakhulu enyakatho, lapho lungashisi khona.

Ubhabhathane weklabishi ukhetha imiphetho yezihlahla nezihlahla zamahlathi, izindawo zamapaki nezingadi. Kuthatha izimpande kahle emabhande amahlathi nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, kepha kuncike ekubeni khona kokubethelwa.

Ukudla Iklabishi

Abantu abaqondi ngokuphelele udlani iklabishi levemvane, bakholelwa ukuthi kulimaza main amaqabunga iklabishi. Kodwa-ke, uvemvane alunamikhawulo eluhlaza, enamakhanda aqinile, ngoba ukudla kwawo kufaka izitshalo ezingaba yikhulu nembali edliwa iklabishi.

I-Butterfly Iklabishi, isithombe okuvame ukubonwa kakhulu kwiklabishi, ukujabulela ukudla i-rutabaga, i-horseradish, itheniphu, ukudlwengula, isithombo kanye ne-radish. IButterfly ayizideleli izingcweti, i-nasturtium, lwesinaphi kanye negalikhi.

Butterfly iklabishi wesilisa

Uma iklabishi lebhabhathane, iklasi izinambuzane, zingena ekhanda leklabishi, khona-ke kuqala ukudla amaqabunga ngokuqhubekayo, kulimaze amakhanda eklabishi lonke. Ukuhluthwa uvemvane kungafikelwa umona - kwabanye abalimi, lapho behlasela abamhlophe, izilimo zeklabishi ziyanyamalala.

Uma ziningi izibungu, zingaphonsa abanikazi abaningana amasheya ebusika. Amehlo akhule kahle nezitho zomzimba eziwusizo enza njengomsizi ekunakekelweni uvemvane. Ngosizo lwabo ukuthi uvemvane luhlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwezitshalo ezidliwayo nezingadliwayo.

Amehlo akhe abamba ingxenye ebalulekile yekhanda lakhe futhi anombono omuhle, amadevu amade amathiphu amnyama aqaphela isitshalo esithile. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka izinto zomlomo zezimbungulu kanye novemvane. Zinemihlathi enamandla e-chitinous evumela ukuthi ilume futhi ihlafuna ukudla okuqinile, njengamaqabunga eklabishi.

Emzimbeni wami iqembu leklabishi leklabishi ILepidoptera, ingathwala impova yezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela izitholele impova. Ngakho-ke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi uvemvane oludala alulimazi umuntu kuphela, kodwa luzuzisa nokufaka izitshalo pollinating. Amacimbi adla izilimo zabantu aletha ukulimala.

Indlela yeklabishi

IBelyanka yisinambuzane esisebenza kakhulu, sifuduka kakhulu. Iklabishi elisebenza kakhulu kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Uma indawo yokuhlala kwesinambuzane ifudumele ngokwanele, khona-ke ingakhiqiza inzalo emithathu ngesizini.

Ebusuku, uvemvane aluzi; kuba ngumhlali wesikhathi esigcwele. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livela ezinsukwini ezifudumele lapho kungekho mvula. Isinambuzane asithandi isimo sezulu esinomoya.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-whitewash ilimaza kakhulu abalimi. Eqinisweni, abantu abadala bazuzisa kakhulu kunokulimaza izitshalo zokuvikela impova.

Izigaba zokuthuthuka: incazelo

Ibhabhathane leklabishi landa ngendlela efanayo nazo zonke izinambuzane ngomjikelezo ophelele wenguquko, owenzeka ngezigaba ezi-4:

• iqanda,
• izibungu noma isibungu,
• unodoli
• mdala noma umdala.

Ososayensi ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule baphawula isici esisodwa esijabulisayo salesi sinambuzane - uvemvane unaka kakhulu inzalo yakhe. Insikazi ayilali emacembe lapho amaqanda womunye umuntu esevele ebekwe khona. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi uvemvane ngokuhogela inquma ukuthi iqabunga selivele lahlaselwa.

Isigaba seqanda

Ukuvama kokuzalela uvemvane kuya ngezimo zokushisa. Okufudumele, kuvame kakhulu ukuzala, ngokuvamile, kusuka amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphuma kwesibeletho kungavela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube uSepthemba.

Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-200 noma ngaphezulu. I-clutch yokuqala yenziwa ezitshalweni zasendle. Kepha ukwenziwa kobuso obungu-2 no-3 kungakhiqizwa ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe ezingadini zezakhamizi zasehlobo.

Ikhokho

Isibungu sebhabhathane leklabishi sivela ngasekupheleni kwesonto lokuqala noma lesibili, isikhathi sincike ekushiseni komkhathi.

Ukubekwa kwamaqanda uvemvane kuqala ngosuku lwe-5-7 kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwehlobo. Uzala amaqanda aphuzi ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ukuze bangahlupheki, uvemvane lubabeka phansi kweshidi. Eshidi elilodwa kungafinyelela amaqanda angama-300.

Izibungu zamaqanda zivele ngokushesha, ngezinsuku eziyi-16. Izingane zibukeka kakhulu njengezibungu.

Isibungu sinombala ophuzi ophuzi njengamabala amnyama. Unemibala emithathu: oluhlaza okotshani, omnyama nomhlophe. Kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi, umbala uyashintsha ngandlela thile. Isibonelo, uma ihlala emaqabunga akhanyayo, lapho-ke umbala we-pigment uyakhanya, ubumnyama bumnyama. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bafinyelela amasentimitha angu-3.5.

Ekuqaleni, lapho nje izibungu ezincane zibopha, zigcinwa zinqwaba njengoba zazinjalo lapho kwakhiwa, zize ziqine, bese kuthi lapho-ke ziphume ziphumele ngaphandle. Imvamisa, zihlala engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga futhi zizidla ngentshiseko.

Izibungu ezihlwitha sekwephuzile, zihlale esiqongweni seqabunga futhi zingakhuphuka ngaphakathi kwekhanda leklabishi noma esihlahleni.

Uvemvane usesigabeni sabafundi kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-14 kuye kwezingama-40.

Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kombungu kudinga izinga lokushisa lama- +20 kuya kwangama-25. Uma kushisa kakhulu, futhi ngisho nemvula eningi, khona-ke izibungu zizofa ngamanani amakhulu.

Idoli

Ngabe lubukeka kanjani uvemvane leklabishi esigabeni sabafundi? Umbala ucishe ufane nalowo wevemvane - ophuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani namabala amnyama.

Lapho ushintshela esigabeni sabafundi, izibungu zihlanganiswa ngemicu ekhumbula usilika, futhi futhi inamathela ezitshalweni.

Uma ukugoqa ku-chrysalis kungenzekanga sekwephuze kakhulu, khona-ke kungekudala kuzovezwa uvemvane. Uma izinga lokushisa lasemkhathini lingavumeli ukuguqulwa, khona-ke lesi sinambuzane singena esigabeni sokuguquguquka bese kusebusika. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, izinambuzane ezinjalo ziqala iminyaka ukusuka esizukulwaneni sokuqala.

Ngolwazi, ukudiliza inqubo inqubo yokuvinjwa kwezinambuzane kokuthambekele okuguqukela esigabeni sokugqwayiza okulengisiwe.

Kulesi sigaba, lesi sinambuzane sinamasonto ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-pupa molts izikhathi eziningana, futhi le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa okuphelele.

Izitha zemvelo

Ngaphezu kwabantu, uvemvane weklabishi unesitha esingokwemvelo phakathi kwezinambuzane - ibhungane eligibela. Ibhungane lisebenza ngonya. Ubeka izibungu zakhe kukhukhunathi wamabhabhathane. Ngenxa yalokhu, uvemvane ludliwa izibungu zamabhungane. Eminyakeni ethile, kwafa ukufa kwamabhabhathane amaningi ngenxa yamabhungane. Isibalo sabantu ezimeni ezinjengalesi siyaphinda senziwe ngenxa yokufuduka kwezinambuzane zivela kwezinye izifunda.

Cishe zonke izinyoni azinandaba nokudla izimvemvane.

Idla iklabishi?

Abamhlophe beklabishi badla izitshalo zomndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni: iklabishi, isithombo, i-rutabaga, ukudlwengulwa, isithombo, isinaphi, itheniphu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangadla izitshalo neminye imindeni, isibonelo, iReseda, capers, nasturtium, njll.

I-imago idla izimbali ze-alfalfa, i-dandelion, ithole, njll.

Indawo yeklabishi

Iklabishi elimhlophe lisatshalaliswa kabanzi eMpumalanga Yurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, empumalanga yeJapan kanye nasendaweni efudumele yase-Asia. Walethwa ePanama naseChile.

Ikati leklabishi litholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseRussia, ngaphandle kweFar North.

Lesi sinambuzane sitholakala kuma-glade, emasimini, ezivandeni, emapaki kanye nasezindaweni lapho kunezindawo ezitshaliwe.

Ungasusa kanjani iklabishi?

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulwa neklabishi elimhlophe: ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile, wenze izicupho, uphathe umhluzi ophekwe ngobuningi, noma utshale izitshalo ezinuka kamnandi eduze. Enye nenye yalezi zindlela inezinzuzo zayo nezinto ezingathandeki ngayo.

Uma kungekho zitshalo eziningi zamaklabishi engadini, khona-ke kwanele ukuzibekela umkhawulo ezindleleni zabantu zokulawula noma zemikhiqizo yokuphilayo, kepha uma inkathazo iye yagcwala yonke ingadi, ngakho-ke, ngokunokwenzeka, izibulala-zinambuzane azikwazi ukusatshalaliswa nazo.

Uma uzosebenzisa ama-decoctions alungiselelwe ngokuzimela noma ama-pesticides akhethekile adinga ukufafazwa ngezitshalo, kunconyelwa ukwenza le nqubo ekuseni, lapho kungekho moya nemvula.

Kubalulekile ukucubungula amaqabunga kahle phansi, ngoba kulapho ama-ovipositions kanye namacimbi khona.

Ama-insecticides

Njengoba sekushiwo, amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali ayingozi kubantu, ngakho-ke, kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela (amagilavu, imaski yobuso).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi kwenziwa amaqabunga, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali esikhathini esizayo kugqame nokuthi izinto ezinobuthi ziqongelela ezitshalweni.

Amakhambi adumile ngokumelene neklabishi yiKinmix, Iskra, Borey, Fufanon nabanye.

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo izovikeleka. Zingasetshenziswa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ukusetshenziswa kufanele kuyekwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Ama-biologics alandelayo aziwa kakhulu: Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Baksin, Lepidocide, Actellik, njll.

Izindlela zabantu zokulwa neklabishi

Izinzuzo zezindlela ezidumile zokulawula ukuphepha kanye nokwenza inzuzo, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukubhekana nezinambuzane ngale ndlela.

Indlela elula futhi esheshayo yokususa iklabishi ukusebenzisa uthuli olomile lukagwayi. Kufanele isetshenziswe emaqabunga ezitshalo ezibethelwe emthini.

Izicupho

Indlela elula yokunciphisa inani labantu ababhabhathane ukwenza izicupho ezimnandi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha ipuleti ejwayelekile, inkomishi elahlekile noma usike ibhodlela lepulasitiki bese ubeka isiheho. Into emnandi, enjam noma isiraphu, ilungile njengesiheyisi. Phambilini, kufanele kufakwe izibhebhe ezimbalwa zomvubelo we -werwer.

Isicupho kumele sibekwe embhedeni noma emzileni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isicupho sidinga ukuhlanzwa, ngoba izinambuzane zizoqwabelana kuso.

Ububi bezingibe ukuthi akuwona kuphela izimpukane zeklabishi eziwela kubo, kodwa futhi nezinye, kubandakanya izinzuzo, izinambuzane.

Amaresiphi wezitshalo zokufafaza

Indlela ephumelelayo yokususa iklabishi ukufafaza izitshalo ngokufakwa okulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.

Ngezansi kunezindlela zokupheka zomhluzi ngokumelene neklabishi elimhlophe:

• Ama-200 g wegatsha likaphayini noma le-spruce, izigaxa, izinaliti zithululela amalitha ama-2 amanzi abilayo. Phikelela ngesonto. Uhlobo, thela amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
• Kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi ashisayo engeza i-100 g ka-lwesinaphi, shiya izinsuku ezimbalwa. Faka ukumnika emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1.
• Faka ama-800 g wezinhlaka zamazambane ezisanda kusikwa ebhakedeni, engeza u-10 l wamanzi. Shiya ukugcizelela amahora angama-3-4. Cindezela, engeza i-50 g yesepha.
• Faka izipuni ezi-2 zikasawoti ebhakedeni lamanzi. Chitha usawoti ngokuphelele.
• Chitha ibhodlela le-valerian ekhemisi kumalitha ama-3 amanzi. Sebenzisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiselela.
• I-1/3 ibhakede ligcwalisa amaqabunga e-burdock aqoshiwe, engeza amanzi. Shiya ukuyokhipha izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
• I-1 kg yomhlonyane omisiwe, usike bese ubilisa imizuzu eyi-15 ngenani elincane lamanzi. Vumela umhluzi upholile. Ifafaze nge-10 l yamanzi.
• Dissolve 50 ml we-ammonia ku-10 l wamanzi. Sebenzisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiselela.
• Ngamalitha amanzi ayi-10, thatha i-1 kg ye-chamomile eyomile. Faka amahora ayi-12, ubunzima, engeza amalitha amanzi ayi-20 no-100 g wesepha.

Ungayivikela kanjani ingadi kuklabishi?

Iklabishi elimhlophe (iklabishi). Izithombe

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kwehlobo lamavemvane esizeni, kuyadingeka ukususa zonke izitshalo zasendle zomndeni obethelwe. Isizukulwane sokuqala samacembe weklabishi ngeke sikwazi ukwenza okubi kakhulu kulinyathi, kodwa yiso esakha isizukulwane sesibili, esiyingozi kakhulu.

Ukuvikela ingadi kuklabishi, kunconywa ukuthi njalo ugobe imibhede ngotshani obuluhlaza onephunga elithile.

Iklabishi ayibekezeleli iphunga lamaqabunga e-utamatisi, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuvikela iklabishi enkomeni, yitshale eduze notamatisi.

Ungakhohlwa ukumba uzungu lwasebusika ukuze unciphise iklabishi nezinye izinambuzane ithuba lokuthola ubusika emhlabathini.

Kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe indawo yokutshala izitshalo njalo ngenkathi yehlobo.

Iklabishi inezitha zemvelo:

• Isigibela umgibeli. Ukuze uyihehe, kufanele itshalwe izinyosi zoju, futhi kunconyelwe ukugwema izitshalo ezinephunga elimnandi: umhlonyane, ukhuni,
• isp. Ukuze uyihehe, vele uthele izitshalo ngamanzi amnandi.

Iklabishi yisinambuzane esingadala umonakalo omkhulu kwisilimo. Lapho kutholwa inkathazo yokuqala, kufanele uqale ukuyilwa nayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Iklabishi lebhabhathane

Igama, isiLatini nesiRussia, lisikisela ukuthi isitshalo sokudla esidala sezibungu yiklabishi. Izimpiko zale Lepidoptera zimhlophe, okubonakala futhi negama. Owesifazane weklabishi unezihlobo zakhe eziseduze ezimbili - i-repensa ne-periwinkle, ziyafana ngokubonakala, kepha iklabishi likhulu. Ubukhulu bawo bungafaniswa nobunye ubelungu, futhi nezinhlobo ezihlobene, i-hawthorn, kepha azikho amamaki amnyama kuso.

Ukuhlangana cishe kulo lonke i-Eurasia, kwezinye izifunda bayathutha. Ezindaweni zokugcina zasenyakatho, ziba ziningi maphakathi nehlobo ngenxa yokufuduka ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Izindiza ezihamba amabanga amade nezindawo ezinkulu zokufuduka zalezi zinhlobo zise-atypical, ngoba yonke indawo lapho kukhona khona ukudla okwanele, kepha zingakwazi ukuya kumakhilomitha angama-800.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngo-Agasti 1911, uSolwazi Oliver wahambela esiqhingini esincane esimalunga namahektare ama-2 eNorfolk. Sonke isikhala sasimbozwe iklabishi elibusayo. Babanjwa ngamaqabunga anamathela esihlahla sundew. Isitshalo ngasinye esincane esithethwe ku-4 kuya ku-7 butterflies. Lapho uprofesa wabo ebona, cishe bonke besaphila. Ulinganise ukuthi babalelwa ezigidini eziyisithupha abantu ababhajwe.

Uma owesilisa eqala ukuqomisana ngowesifazane osevele evundisiwe, khona manjalo ugibela otshanini ukucasha kumuntu ocasulayo. Uvala amaphiko akhe futhi aqhubeke anganyakazi, encike ekuzithobeni ngaphansi komfula. Imvamisa isoka lingamthola, ngenxa yama-pheromones akhutshiwe, kunalokho ngokuzama ukuzama ukuziphoqa.

Kuqala uphendula, eshona kancane kancane esuka ngapha nangapha. Lokhu kulandelwa ukuvulwa kancane kwamaphiko, okuvimbela ukuxhumana. Uphakamisa isisu sakhe nge-engela emgodini (ngokunokwenzeka ngenkathi ekhipha isivimbamzimba ngamakhemikhali) ukumkhombisa ukwenqaba kwakhe kumlingani wakhe, bese induna ihamba.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Abesilisa bakhipha iphunga elifana nephunga le-pelargonium.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Iklabishi lebhabhathane lesinambuzane

Iklabishi inamaphiko amhlophe anamakhona amnyama ngaphambili. Izinsikazi ezisezimpikweni zangaphambili zinezindawo zamachashaza amnyama, ziyagqama, kanti futhi kukhona nesigaxa esimnyama esidonswe phansi ngomphetho ongezansi wamaphiko angaphambili. Onqenqemeni langaphambili kwephiko lokuqala, ezinye izikali zimnyama, kubukeka ngathi umucu oshunqayo. Ngakho-ke amathiphu amnyama, eduze kwona kona yephiko, aqhakaza. Maphakathi nomphetho ongenhla kwephiko elingaphansi kunophawu omnyama, olungabonakali lapho isidalwa sihlala, njengoba sivalwa ngabaphambili.

Ngaphansi kwamaphiko ezinsikazi kungumthunzi obomvana ophuzi ophethe impova emnyama futhi kukhona amabala ngaphambili. Emadodeni, into engaphansi kune-buffy xaxa. Lapho amaphiko esongelwe, kuba njengezici ezinhle. Kulesi sikhundla, amaphiko angemuva acishe amboze ngaphambili. Isikhala sazo singamasentimitha angama-6,6,5. Izimpondo zimnyama futhi zimhlophe phezulu. Ikhanda, isifuba nesisu zimnyama, zinezinwele ezimhlophe, futhi zimhlophe ngaphansi.

Ividiyo: Iklabishi Lenkanyezi

Amakhethini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza okotshani obunemibala emithathu ephuzi emzimbeni namachashazi amnyama. Umbala kaPupa (2.5 cm) ophuzi ngokuhlaza ngombala onamachashazi ansundu. Uboshwe ngentambo eyisilika, enamathiselwe eqabunga.

Abamhlophe yizinhlobo ezingama-aposematic, okusho ukuthi banemibala yokuxwayisa abaxosha izitha. Umbala we-aposematic ukhona ezigabeni zabisi, i-pupa ne-imago. Zibuye zibe nama-glycosides anobuthi we-mustard glycosides ezitshalweni zokudla. Amafutha ama-mustard aqukethe izinhlanganisela zesibabule ezinikeza iphunga elishubile kwizibungu nakudoti wazo. Iphunga elingajabulisi liyesabisa izinyoni eziningi nezinambuzane ezingazizingela.

Lesi sinambuzane sithuthukise kahle izakhi zombono nomuzwa onephunga onamandla wokuhogela. Ubukhulu obunjengobumagqinsi ku-antennae nasemathangeni angaphambili asebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. Insikazi, ngaphambi kokuzalela amaqanda, ihlala esiqeshini sesitshalo, izwakale kahle, ihlole ukuthi ifanelekile, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalokho iqhubeke nokubekwa.

Ihlala kuphi iklabishi levemvane?

Isithombe: Iklabishi elimhlophe le-butterfish

Lolu hlobo lweLepidoptera luvame kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kubandakanya iziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kweScandinavia. Iklabishi libuye litholakale eMorocco, e-Algeria, eTunisia, eLibya nakulo lonke elase-Asia elinesimo sezulu esipholile ezintabeni zaseHimalayan. Ayitholakali emvelweni ngaphandle kwalezi zifunda, kepha yangeniswa ngephutha eChile.

Ukuvela kweklabishi sekurekhodwe kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubangelwe nokuthi ama-arthropods atholakala ngo-1995 e-Australia, kwathi ngonyaka we-2010 eNew Zealand. Izikhukhamba zemifino kaningana zatholakala kaningi enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. Akukacaci ukuthi uvemvane ufike kanjani lapho, kungenzeka ukuthi lwafika ngokungemthetho ngomthwalo.

Uvemvane luvumelaniswe kahle nokufuduka; akunzima kuwo ukubuyisa inani labantu eziqhingini, njengoba kwenzeka eNgilandi, lapho iklabishi indiza ivela ezweni elikhulu. Zivame ukutholakala emhlabeni wezolimo, ezindaweni ezifuywayo, ezingadini nasemapulazini, njengezikhala ezivulekile. Zingahlala ocingweni, ezihlahleni zezihlahla, kepha njalo lapho kunemithombo enamandla eseduze yesizukulwane esilandelayo. Ezintabeni inyuka ifinyelela kum 2000 m.

Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, abantu abadala benyuka kusuka ezimbalini kuya ezimbalini, bedla umpe, futhi esimeni sezulu esinamafu bahlala ezitshanini noma ezihlahleni eziphansi, amaphiko angavulekile. Ngakho-ke ziyashiswa, ingxenye yemisebe yelanga, ekhonjiswa ngamaphiko, iwela emzimbeni.

Ngabe idlani leklabishi levemvane?

Isithombe: Iklabishi lebhabhathane

Izidalwa ezinamaphiko zidla umpe wezimbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bane-proboscis ehlanganisiwe. Zingabonakala ku: dandelion, inkomishi yethole, i-alfalfa nezinye izimbali. Imithombo yasentwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo nayo ingukuqina kanye ne-euphorbia, kuyilapho izingane zasehlobo zithande:

Ama-Butterflies abeka amaqanda awo emnqamlezweni, akhangwa ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zeklabishi. Ngokudla, izitshalo ezinama-glucosides e-mustard abalulekile. Lezi zinto zinikeza iklabishi elimhlophe iphunga elithile elisabisa izitha.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi uhlobo lwesitshalo okwenziwa ngalo imichilo kutholwa isipiliyoni sangaphambilini sesinambuzane. Uma ukhetha, zigxila kumithunzi eluhlaza.

Amakhethini adla ndawonye, ​​asheshe amunce amaqabunga, ashiye kuphela imichilo, bese adlulela ezitshalweni ezingomakhelwane. Zingenye zezinambuzane eziphambili futhi zidala umonakalo omkhulu emndenini weklabishi otshalwe emasimini nasezingadini ezizimele.

Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuthathwe kweklabishi, ikakhulukazi amahlumela amaBrussels, ukholifulawa, i-kohlrabi, kanye ne-mustard, edlwengulwa, ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezingama-79 ezibethelwe, kufaka phakathi i-gooseberry, i-carrion, isithombo. Amacimbi ayawathanda kakhulu amaqabunga amathenda e-nasturtium ne-reseda.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Iklabishi lezinambuzane

Abelungu beklabishi bavela phakathi kwabokuqala lapho nje sekuqala ukufudumala. Ngisho nangezinsuku ezinamafu, lapho zisekhona ezinye izinambuzane, zingabonakala zibhabha ngenxa yokuluhlaza.Banendiza enamandla, engacasuli, futhi ngaphezulu kwezithiyo ezinjengezihlahla, izihlahla, izakhiwo, indiza kalula ivela phezulu noma ingena phakathi kwabo.

Lapho nje abamhlophe beklabishi befika lapho kunezimbali, bahlala khona izinsuku eziningana. Kwisimo sezulu esishisayo, benza izindiza ezimfishane, kodwa ezijwayelekile, bema kancane imizuzwana embalwa ukuze baphuze umpe ezimbali ezinhle kakhulu.

Izizukulwane ezimbili zezimvemvane zikhula ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, isizukulwane sokuqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, enyakatho - inyanga kamuva. Esikhathini sesibili, kuvela abantu abaningi, kuwa engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. ENingizimu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesinye isizukulwane kungenzeka.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izibungu zesikhonyane zihlala kulesi sitshalo esondla ngaso, i-pupae yalezi zinambuzane itholakala emithini yezihlahla, ezicijeni, odongeni, kude le kude nesitshalo sokuphakelayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuvela kwezilwane kwenzeka esiqwini noma emgqonyeni wesitshalo. Imvamisa, unodoli uboshwe ngentambo endaweni eqondile.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Lezo ziphunga ezakhiwe esiqwini noma esihlamvini sesitshalo sefolishi ziluhlaza ngombala, kuyilapho lezo ezakhiwe ngobuhlakani zinombala ophuzi ophuzi, obonwe amabala amnyama namnyama.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Iklabishi White

Abamhlophe banesithembu, kepha iningi labesifazane linomlingani oyedwa. Emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, izimvemvane zibeka amaqanda amakhulu kakhulu, angathi sondo, anombala ovundile wombala ophuzi onsundu (cishe ama-pcs ayi-100.). Ngosuku lokuqala ziba ziphuzi ezikhanyayo futhi zibonakale kahle ngemuva kwesizinda seqabunga eliluhlaza. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume izibungu kubo, amaqanda aba mnyama bese igobolondo livela obala.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma izimvemvane zeklabishi zibona ukuthi ezinye izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda kulesi sitshalo, lapho-ke azisabeki amaqanda azo.

Imvamisa, ukwenziwa kwemaskini kwenziwa ngemuva kweshidi, ngakho-ke akubonakali ezidlaleni, hhayi ngaphansi kokugcotshwa yilanga noma kwezulu.

Ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka, izibungu zihamba eminyakeni emihlanu ngokusebenzisa izigaba ezine zokuncibilikisa:

1. Owokuqala ubonakala ngokuthi izibungu ziqhamuka eqandeni elikhanyayo elinomzimba othambile, onomzimba we-shaggy nekhanda elimnyama.
2. Eminyakeni yesibili, ama-tubercles lapho izinwele zikhula emzimbeni zibonakala.
3. Eminyakeni yesithathu, ziba matasa kakhulu, ngombala ophuzi ngokuhlaza onamachashazi amnyama futhi vele zidala umonakalo omkhulu.
4. Iminyaka yesine iyafana neyesithathu, kepha amacimbi asevele emakhulu, esebenza, umthunzi womzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
5. Eminyakeni yesihlanu, iba mikhulu (40-50 mm), inomzimba ophakeme, umbala okhanyayo. Isizinda sokuphakelwa sibaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.

Uma izibungu zingakutholi ukudla okuhle kakhulu ngamanani anele, zingafa ngaphambi kokuba zibe izimvemvane. Esigabeni sabafundi, ehlobo umuntu akachithi isikhathi eside, kuthi ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3 kuzalwe isinambuzane esisha esinamaphiko amhlophe. Uma ukucwilisa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla, khona-ke kusebusika kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izintokazi zeklabishi zesifazane kungenzeka ukuthi zondle ku-thistle kanye ne-buddele nectar. Uma ama-legume nectar predominates ekudleni kwawo, khona-ke izibungu zawo aziphili, ngoba la masiko awaqukethe izakhi zomzimba ezifakwayo ekukhuleni kwawo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Iklabishi lebhabhathane

Lama-lepidopteran anendawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa futhi anezinambuzane ezinamandla kakhulu zokubethelwa. Uma ungazilwi, iklabishi lingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno sezinhlobo ezi-100 zamaklabishi, zingadla ama-radish, i-turnips, i-swede, ukudlwengula. Iqiniso lokuthi abantu abadala bathambekele ekufudukeni liba yingozi kulezi zindawo lapho zazimbalwa ngaphambili noma ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.

Ukulimala kusuka ku-whitewash kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lesitshalo. Ngaphandle, amakhanda eklabishi azobukeka enhle, kepha ngaphakathi avame ukulinyazwa izibungu. Amakhethini avame ukucasha ngaphakathi kwikholifulawa, okunciphisa inani lawo. Ukutholwa kwasendaweni okuphezulu kwezibungu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi enye i-clutch idla isitshalo esikhwameni, bese idlulela kwesinye.

Lesi sinambuzane sivezwa izindlela zamakhemikhali zokubhubhisa. Ezindaweni ezincane zamacimbi namaqanda, izinambuzane ziqoqwa ngesandla. Yize inani labantu lihlala ligadwe futhi lilawulwa ngabantu, lesi sinambuzane sithathwa njengesinambuzane emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eChina, eTurkey, eNdiya, eNepal naseRussia, lapho kunokulahleka kwesithelo okubonakalayo minyaka yonke kwimifino ehlukahlukene.

Ngo-2010, kwaqala ukutholwa uvemvane eNew Zealand. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka emithathu, iphindaphindeka futhi yaqala ukuhlolwa njengesidakamizwa esihlasela ngokungathí sina futhi esingathandeki.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ukukhuthaza izingane ukuthi zihlanganyele emzamweni wokuphelisa iklabishi, uMnyango Wezokuvikelwa Kwemvelo waseNew Zealand unikeze abafundi imivuzo engama- $ 10 e-New Zealand ngebhabhathane ngalinye abalibambayo ngamaholide abo esikole. Emavikini amabili, kwaboshwa abangu-134. Abasebenzi boMnyango babambe abantu abadala abangu-3 000, imidlwane, amacimbi kanye namaqoqo amaqanda.

Ngaphezu kwezindlela zamakhemikhali nezokwenza, ama-biomethods ayesetshenziselwa futhi nokulwa nekhabishi elimhlophe. Emasimini kukhishwe iminyovu ekhethekile yokuhlukumeza. Le nkampani yokulawula izinambuzane isiqediwe ngempumelelo. Le mpumelelo ibangelwa ukuthi i-alamu yaphakanyiswa ngokushesha futhi kwathathwa nezinyathelo zokulwa neklabishi kusigaba sokuqala. Kepha e-Australia nase-United States, la ma-lepidopteran ayaqhubeka ukuzala nokuzinza.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: IBelyanki iyakugwema ukubeka amaqanda lapho ibona khona ezinye izihlobo. Ukuze ubakhohlise, phakathi kwezitobha, ungabeka kwizikhonkwane noma “kumafulegi” amhlophe wendwangu ekhanyayo ezolingisa izimbangi zenkathazo.

Iklabishi leklabishi ingagcwalisa isayithi lakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kabusha kweklabishi, udinga ukubhekana nokhula olubethelwayo, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, iziqu zemithi emide noma emhlophe, uthango lokususa i-pupae. Ngenkathi, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela izitshalo futhi uqoqe amacimbi, ama-oviposition. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela amakhemikhali ezingabhubhisa izinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesintu kunesizathu esinamandla: i-infusions yokhuni, ugwayi, i-chamomile, njll.

Ingozi kwezilimo nezindlela zokulawula

Ezincwadini eziningi ezihlobene nokutshalwa kwemifino, incazelo nesithombe sephaphethi leklabishi lebhotela kutholakala emakhasini encazelo yezinambuzane. Ngempela, kwezinye izimo, uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sinambuzane, ungasilahlekisela ngokuphelele isivuno. Futhi hhayi iklabishi nje.

Uvemvane lubonakale kahle kakhulu esigabeni samacimbi. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo, khona-ke iyakwazi ukudla izithombo eziningi. Ezimweni lapho amacimbi angabonakali khona, kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi inkathazo isengadini ngendlela amahlamvu abukeka ngayo. Kusele imithambo kuphela.

Izibungu zingabuye zibe ngabameli bezifo zezitshalo, iklabishi elifanayo, isithombo kanye nesinaphi. Noma yisiphi isitshalo esibethelwayo singalimaza uvemvane. Lesi sifo siqhamuka ngemuva kwesizinda sokuthi phakathi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo kunezinhlayiya zokucwaswa kwesidwaba, esidala lesi sifo.

Uma kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa engadini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuziqoqa ngesandla. Kulula futhi ukuqaphela amaqanda angaphansi kwamaqabunga, nawo angaqoqwa ngesandla.

Indlela ephumelelayo yokususa iklabishi ibhekwa njengeyindlela yabantu - ukufafaza amaqabunga ngesilungiselelo saseValerian. Amalitha amathathu amanzi ajwayelekile azodinga kuphela ama-50 ml we-tincture.

Ngaphambi kokubopha inhloko yeklabishi, ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo amakhemikhali nawokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi iFitoverm. Ngokwemvelo, le mishanguzo isebenza kakhulu kunokuvunwa ngesandla, kepha ayamukeleki ekulimeni okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa "i-chemistry" yokufafaza ngemuva kokuvela kwekhanda leklabishi, iningi lazo liyoqongelela kulo.

Uma inkinga engadini ibalulekile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokwemvelo, kufanele okungenani uhlole amaqabunga ngomonakalo nge-whitewash. Kunconywa ukugcina imithetho yokutshala izitshalo, ukuze lesi sinambuzane singakwazi ukumane sifinyelele isitshalo siye kwesinye. Lokhu kubhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezibethelwe esiphambanweni.

Kungani kunezivemvane eziningi zeklabishi engadini?

Abaqalayo abalimi bavame ukudideka ukuthi yini izimvemvane zeklabishi ezidlayo, zibabheka njengezinambuzane zamatamatisi, ama-berry nezihlahla zezithelo. Amaqhawe ethu akhangwa kuphela yimibhede yeklabishi nezitshalo ezivela emndenini obethelwayo. Zindiza kaningi hhayi emhlambini, kodwa zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi zinqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 ngehora. Amaqanda okuqala abekwa ukhula, kepha izizukulwane ezisele zihlanganiswe ngokunembile kwizitshalo ezitshaliwe.

Amasimu anezitshalo zemifino ebethelwe kakhulu akhangwa izinto ezikhethekile ngokunambitheka okubabayo - i-sinigrin ne-sinalbin. Lezi zingxubevange zitholakala kwamanye amakhambi - i-reseda, i-nasturtium, nezitshalo zomndeni we-caper. Uvemvane uzwakala iphunga lalezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali engxenyeni yegramu, anqume masinyane ukuthi yiliphi iqabunga elizobeka iqanda kulo. Lapho uvama ukutshala iziqalo engadini eyodwa ngaphandle kokushintshanisa isivuno, kulapho amathuba okuba nesifo esiqinile sendawo yilesi sinambuzane.

Ngabe abantu benzani?

Ngokungafani nabelungu b uvemvane, ifomu lesinambuzane eliyingozi kakhulu liyingozi. Isibungu sibhubhisa amahlumela ezitshalo. Okokuqala, izibungu zihlala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga, bese zidlulela engxenyeni engenhla. Ungabamba isibungu sezimbali zamaklabishi kuklabishi, isithombo, lwesinaphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakala ezitshalweni ezinjenge-horseradish, itheniphu. Lokhu kudla okuthandwayo kwezinambuzane ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu kwemiphumela elimazayo ezitshalweni, izibungu zakha ezinye izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, bafaka izinto ezikhethekile ezikhuthaza ukucasuka kwesikhumba somuntu. Ezinyoni, amacimbi nawo ayingozi; uma esetshenziswa, izinyoni zivame ukufa.

Izindlela zokuvikela ingadi kusuka enkomeni

Umuntu omdala angaphila izinyanga ezi-1-1.5. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ibeka inani elikhulu lamaqanda. Ungazama ukuvimba ukuvela kwezizukulwane ezintsha zezinambuzane.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindlela eziningana kufanele zithathwe:

1. Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical. Phakamisa isidingo sokususa utshani obhula ngemithi. Ukudla okuthandayo kovemvane iklabishi elimhlophe: ikholza, isikhwama somalusi. Udinga ukuhlanza indawo enkulu: sonke isiza, ingadi, ngoba ngisho notshani obuncane bokhula kulezi zinhlobo kuzosiza ukuheha izimvemvane. Nansi indlela enhle yokwesabisa inkathazo yezimvemvane - ukutshala dill ngemuva kokhula. Ikhula ngokushesha, ayifihli imifino futhi isakaze iphunga elidingekayo.
2. Ukususwa kwemishini. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqoqa ngokuzimele izibungu, uhlole amaqabunga ezitshalo ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Umsebenzi unzima, kepha ungazama ukuthonya inqubo yokuzala ngokubhubhisa i-butterfly pupae. Izimpawu zokuzazisa: umbala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, kanye nama-splashes amnyama. Amapulangwe agxunyekwe ocingweni, ngaphansi kophahla, emifantwini yeziqu ezindala, ezihlahleni, emagatsheni zezihlahla. Entwasahlobo, hlola zonke izakhiwo, izihlahla. Kunconywa ukukhipha izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi zinamathiselwe kwi-pupae nge-jet enamandla yamanzi avela kwi-hose. Ngeke kusebenze ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele izinambuzane ngale ndlela, kodwa inani labo lingancishiswa kakhulu.
3. Amakhemikhali. Ngokubhujiswa kweklabishi, imali esekwe kuma-insecticides emakilasi ehlukene kufanelekile: i-neonicotinoids, i-pyrethroids, i-organophosphorus compounds.
4. Amalungiselelo emvelo. Akuyona ingozi njengamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kaningi. Izinketho eziphambili: Lepidocide, Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin. Amalungiselelo asuselwa kumakhemikhali, kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, anconyelwe ukufafazwa ngesikhathi sokukhula. Njengesilinganiso esingeziwe, ukumiswa kabusha kweziqu zezihlahla. Ukudla okuthandwayo kweklabishi (isithombo, iklabishi, isithombo, itheniphu, njll) kutshalwe kude nobunye. UMarigold, ugarlic, dill, valerian, iparsley, izaqathe kanye namafutha kalamusi kuzosiza ukwethusa lesi sinambuzane.