Ngabe uyawathanda amazambane anamakhowe?
Kepha hhayi abantu kuphela abathanda ukudla ukudla okumnandi. Izintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga nazo zithanda ukudla ngamakhowe, aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni ne-glycogen - ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinambuzane.

Izintuthwane zakha izidleke ezinkulu, ezinye zazo zigcinelwe amasimu amakhulu amakhowe. Lapho isibeletho sisa i-anthill entsha, uletha emlonyeni wakhe isiko lokukhunta okudla, okunikeza ukudla enye inzalo yakhe.

Lawa makhowe akhula engxenyeni engaphansi yamaqabunga aphilayo ahlanganisiwe noma imfucumfucu, isimo sawo sihlala sibhekelelwa izintuthwane zabasebenzi. Ngakho-ke izintuthwane eza nezolimo okungenani iminyaka engama-50 million ngaphambili kunabantu.

Izinambuzane ezingadini azikwazi ukufaka umanyolo kuphela, zakha imibhede, ziqaphe izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kodwa futhi zisebenzise indlela eyodwa yokuqonda izintuthwane - umuthi wokuvimbela ukhula (ukhula namuhla) njenge-nystatin).

Incazelo yezinambuzane

Izintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga zathola leli gama hhayi ngoba isihloko sokudla kwazo zingamahlamvu ezihlahla. Basebenzisa izingcezu zamaqabunga ezisikiwe nezinhlafunwayo njengengxenye yezakhi zamakhowe, ezisebenza njengokudla kwazo okuyinhloko.

Izidleke ezakhiwa izintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga zihlaba umxhwele impela. Amaphara namagumbi amaningi ayakwazi ukuthatha amashumi ezinkulungwane zamamitha enhlabathi.

Livare

Izibungu zezintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga azinamehlo, zingenamlenze, zisengozini enkulu futhi "izibungu" ezingenamsizi ngokuphelele. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle, badinga ukunakekelwa njalo, izinga lokushisa elinethezekile kanye nomswakama othize. Amaqanda ezintuthwane ezingafakwanga kamuva iba ngabesilisa.

Kwamaqanda avundisiwe, kuya ekunakekelweni nasekuhlinzekweni kokudla, izinsikazi zezinsikazi noma izalukazi ziyathuthuka. Bazofeza indima yokudlala izintuthwane. Ukudla kwezibungu yi-fungha hyphae. Izibungu zokuqala zondliwa ngowesifazane uqobo. Ngalezi zinhloso, kusetshenziswa amaqanda we-trophic ne-mycelium entsha.

Abantu abadala

Ukuvela komuntu omdala osebenzayo akumangalisi. Banenkosi encane (5-2 mm) umzimba onsundu. Ubukhulu bemilenze buxhomeke ku-Caste. Ezintuthwaneni, ezivame ukuhamba ezihlahleni, ama-paws afinyelela ubude obukhulu. Umehluko wangaphandle obonakalayo ukuba khona kwemihlathi enamandla ebunjiwe, lapho intuthwane ngobuhlakani ibopha khona amahlamvu aqinile ezihlahla ezishisayo. Imihlathi ebukhali ye -azard inezihlahla ezisikiwe kusukela yazalwa futhi iyabizwa ama-mandibles. Kungenxa yesistimu yomhlathi oqinile yemisipha ikhanda lekati elisusa amaqabunga linobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele.

Isiqu esikhona phakathi kwesifuba nesisu sinezingxenye ezimbili: i-petiolus ne-postpetiolus ehlukaniswe esiswini. Umuntu omdala unesifo esakhiwe kahle. Ingxenye engezansi yekhanda lesibeleko ifakwe ephaketheni elikhethekile, elikuvumela ukuba wenze i-mycelium. Isibeletho ngasinye sinamabele anamandla futhi amakhulu kakhulu. Izimpiko isibeletho esinazo ngaphambi kokuzalelwa zilunywa yiwo masinyane ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwekoloni elisha.

02.02.2015

Izintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga (i-Latin Atta cephalotes) ziyizinambuzane ezincane ezikhule ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezivela ku-Hymenoptera oda (Latin Hymenoptera).

Kanye nabantu, bahlanganyela emisebenzini yezolimo enengqondo. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi nje abagawuli bamaqabunga. Lapho bephethe izingcezu zamaqabunga ngokwabo, kungabonakala sengathi bacasha ngaphansi kwezambulela ezivela elangeni, ngakho-ke kwezinye izifunda kuthiwa yizintuthwane zesambulela. Izintuthwane ze-Atta cephalotes zihlala esifundeni saseBrazil, iSouthern Mexico kanye neBolivia. Izinambuzane zihlomisa izidleke zazo emaphethelweni amahlathi ashisayo. Imvamisa ziyabonakala emasimini.

Ukuzala

Ngofuzo, izintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga zibonakaliswa yi-diploid chromosome isethi - 2n = 38. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane. Ezingeni elithile, i-caste yezintuthwane ezisebenzayo iqala ukondla izibungu ngokufakwa kwezinto ezikhethekile ezivuselela ukukhula kobulili. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlelelwe ukuzalaniswa banamaphiko. Lapho nje isibalo sabantu abanjalo sifinyelela amanani abucayi, siphuma siphele emthambekeni, siqale ukugcwala futhi sihlangane.

Abasiki beqabunga abonakaliswa i-polygyny ngakho-ke isibeletho esisodwa kuphela sihlala sikhona ku-anthill.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane zokusika amaqabunga ziyaphawuleka ngekhono lazo elimangalisayo. Esimweni sokufa kwesibeletho esisodwa, umsebenzi wokubeka amaqanda uthathwa ngabantu abasebenzayo. Kulokhu, kwezinye izinhlobo zamaduna amaqanda abonakala engakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wokuzala, kuyilapho kwabanye kuvela abantu abavamile.

Ukuqoqa imbewu eyanele, abangane bomshado abanezinsikazi nabesilisa abaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuthuthumela kuhlala usuku olulodwa futhi kuphele ngokufa kwabesilisa. Owesifazane uqala inqubo yokubeka umgodi endaweni yakhe yokuphumula. Lapho, kubekwa khona amaqabunga amaningana athungwe kanye ne-mycelium. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-60, isihlava sokuqala sabantu abasebenzayo sivele sithatha wonke umsebenzi “ojwayelekile”.

Ukuziphatha

Ukudla kwezintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga yi-basidiomycete mushroom. Ikhule kumakamelo akhethekile atholakala ngaphakathi kwethala. Izinzwa zakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi zenze izimo ezifanele zokugcina umswakama odingekayo nokwenza umoya omncane wokukhulisa amakhowe.

Izinambuzane ezivela yonke indawo zithatha izingcezu zezitshalo, okuthi, ngemuva kokuhlafuna nokubola, zibe yindawo yokuzalisela isikhunta.

Lapho i-anthill ikhula, kuba nokwehlukana okucacile kwaba amaqembu amasosha, izisebenzi, nabaqoqi. Eqenjini ngalinye, abantu ababandakanyeka emisebenzini ethile bahlukaniswa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakhiwa izinqaba, amalungu azo angahluka kakhulu komunye ngokubukeka nangenhloso. Izinhlobo ezincane zabaqoqi ziletha izingcezu zezitshalo ezivela ezindaweni eziseduzane, nezinkulu, kunalokho, ezivela ezikude kakhulu. Lapho sesithole isithombo esifanelekile, lesi sinambuzane ngosizo lokuqina siyayihlukanisa nezicucu ezingadingekile bese siyisa esidlekeni. Imvamisa kuzingcezu ezivela phezulu izintuthwane ezisebenzayo, ezixosha izimuncagazi. Benza nomsebenzi emagumbini angaphakathi. Ukuvikela isidleke nabantu bakhona kwenziwa ngamasosha amakhulu aqinile. Abantu abakhulu abasebenzayo bachitha imifino ebilethelwe, bese kuthi amancanyana aqole abe yizicucu ezincane bese enza umanyolo ube nawo. Izintuthwane ezincane kakhulu ezisebenzela zilungiselela indlovukazi ukudla nezinye izintuthwane.

Umsoco

Isisekelo sokondliwa kwalezi zintuthwane ubudlelwano obungafani namakhowe. Amakhowe uqobo awusebenzi njengokudla kwezintuthwane. Ikuluma phansi kanye namaconsi aqhamukayo abasiki bamaqabunga bakhotha ngokucophelela. I-Saliva yezintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga iqukethe ama-antibiotic angabhubhisa isikhunta namagciwane abhubhisa i-mycelium esemqoka. Futhi ukuba khona kwe-actinobacteria ekhethekile kuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta sokuhluthwa ngqo ku-mycelium. I-mycelium ngokwayo ifana nesiponji esinesisindo sezakhamzimba.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kugeleza ukugeleza okuqinile kulezi zindawo, ezihlanganisa yonke indawo yesakhi somzimba esinemizimba eminyene futhi ebonakalayo. Ukhula olunjalo lubizwa ant kohlrabi, okuwukudla okuyinhloko komndeni wezintuthwane. Isisindo sekhowe elilodwa elinjalo lingafinyelela ku-500 amagremu. I-koloni eyodwa ingaba nesikhunta esinjalo esingaphezu kwekhulu.

Izindima zezintuthwane

I-anthill ye-cutter yamaqabunga ihlalwa ngezinqaba eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene, zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene engama-29. Isimilo umehluko obonakalayo usayizi phakathi kokuphonsa izintuthwane. Abantu abenze imisebenzi yokunakekela amaqanda, ipulazi nesibeletho kuthotho ngokwako kunobude bomzimba obungu-5-6 mm kuphela. Ubungako bamasotja bukhulu ngokumangalisayo. Ubude bomzimba wabo budlula usayizi wokusebenza kwezintuthwane ngezikhathi ezi-3-4, futhi isisindo sabo singamashumi amashumi ezikhathi. I-anthill enkulu kunazo zonke yisibeletho. Isisindo saso sicishe sibe ngama-700 isisindo samalungu amancane kunawo wonke ekholoni.

Akuyona yonke indlu yezintuthwane enezintuthwane zamasosha. Amakoloni anamandla kuphela angakwazi ukukhokhela okunethezeka okunjalo.

Zuza noma ulimaze

Amakoloni ant angahlala kakhulu endaweni ekhethwe njengezindlu. Ukuze banciphise ukulimala okubangelwa abagawuli beshidi, abasebenzisi imishini yokuvikela yamakhemikhali kuphela, kepha nezindlela zokusebenzisa. Indlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nezintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga ukubhujiswa okuqondile kwezidleke zazo. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kuboniswe uthango lwensimbi noma epulasitiki, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithiyo zamanzi. Ukulimala kwezitshalo zasengadini akuzwakali nakancane ku-selva. Umsebenzi wokusikwa kwamaqabunga ezimeni zasendle zemvelo awugcini nje ngokufaka isandla ekucebisweni kwezingqimba zenhlabathi, kodwa futhi kuyasheshisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka kulomhlaba.

Abantu abakhulu abagawula amaqabunga sekuyisikhathi eside bekhona ukudla kwamanye amazwe. Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Melika ziqoqa le nhlobo yezintuthwane bese ziyidla othosiwe.

Inyama empunga ibeka izibungu kuzo zonke izinambuzane nakwimizimba yezilwane ezincelisayo. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sinambuzane, funda isixhumanisi se-https: //stopvreditel.ru/yadovitye/muxi/serye-myasnye.html.

Izintuthwane ze-Leaf Cutter: Izici Ehlukile

Le nhlobonhlobo ayinazici ezivelele zokuhlukanisa. Kaningi ziyaqashelwa lapho zibekezelela amaqabunga asikiwe. Imbovane ye-Leaf cutter iyakwazi ukuthwala izinto eziphindwe kaningi kunayo ngobukhulu nangosayizi. Ukuthola ngokubukeka kwazo kuyinkinga impela ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, kanye nokugcinwa kwemfihlo.

Colony yezintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga, isithombe

Ukubukeka

Umbala womsiki weqabunga uhluka phakathi komdaka onsundu nobomvu. Kubantu abaningi, ungabona ukufiphala okugcwele emilenzeni, ekhanda nasiswini. Ubukhulu buhlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yezinambuzane eqenjini. Ubude botuthamo obusebenzayo abudluli ku-2 cm. Lokhu kuhlukahluka futhi kunezici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:

• imihlathi ithuthukiswe kakhulu, evunyelwe yizimpawu zendlela yokuphila,
• izinyawo zivame ukude, ngoba izintuthwane zihlala zigibela izihlahla,
• njengoba bekhula, bonke abantu baba nokugwazwa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibeletho sihluke ngandlela thile kwezinye izihlobo: sinesifuba esikhulu, kanti nomzimba unombala omnyama. Umehluko osayizi phakathi kwesibeletho nabasebenzi mkhulu kunalezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezintuthwane. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsikazi nezinsikazi, ezilungele ukuvuthwa, zikhulisa amaphiko.

Indlela yokuphila

Colony yezintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga, isithombe

Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwezintuthwane ukuthi zakha uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lobudlelwano. Eqenjini elilodwa kunezinqaba ezingama-7, ngayinye inecala lohlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Ukuthuthukiswa nokubukeka kwezinambuzane, ngokulandelana, kuhlukile. Abancane kakhulu ngabantu abanakekela isibeletho, amaqanda nezibungu. Le khasethi cishe ayidluleli ngale esidlekeni, futhi ubude bomzimba wabo buyi-5 mm kuphela.

Kuqala, lapho owesimame okhulelwe engenabo abazithobela, ngokuzimela unakekela inzalo. Ku-clutch eyodwa kungaba namaqanda angaba ngu-60. Ukondla kuthinta ngqo i-Caste. Ngakho-ke, isibeletho singaguqula inani labantu abathile ku-caste ethile. Zonke izintuthwane ezifakwe kunoma yiliphi ikholoni zingabesifazane ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, azikwazi ukukhulelwa. Abesilisa bazalwa emaqandeni angenazimpawu futhi bafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala.

I-anthill ingaphansi komhlaba, iphakeme ngebubanzi obukhulu - ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi ayinalo nhlobo uhlelo lomhubhe. Ukuhlala kwezintuthwane ekwakhekeni kuyiqanda, enkabeni yayo okukhona isibeletho kanye nama-incubators. Okunye kusetshenzwe ngamapulazi lapho izinambuzane zikhula khona amakhowe. Kokunye okunjalo kungaphila abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Kunokuphuma okuningi endlini ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwekoloni ngesikhathi sezimvula ezinkulu.

Ngaphakathi kwe-anthill, ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zingabonakala. Ngenxa yokusizelana, bangakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula. Kaningi, lapho kuhlala khona izintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga, ungabona iqhude lesintuthwane saseTexas. Lesi sinambuzane sihlanza izintuthwane, sidla ukudla okusele nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola. Kubandakanya bahlanza isibeletho. Ngaphandle kwethotho, lesi sinambuzane asihlali. Izintuthwane zibuye zihehe amabhungane endle (kwesinye isikhathi ngenkani) nezintuthwane eziyingozi Pyramica arizonica, esivikela igquma lezintuthwane ezinambuzaneni.

Abatshali bemakhowe bavame ukuhlaselwa izintuthwane eziyimizulane. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu nasekubhujisweni kwayo yonke i-anthill. Naphezu kokuba khona kokudinwa nokulwa kwabalwi, imbovane esika amaqabunga ayinakuziqhayisa ngamandla. Ngakho-ke, enye i-cohabitant yalolu hlobo iMegalomyrmex symmetochus. Kodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane, lezi zintuthwane akuyona neze imakhelwane enokuthula. Ekuqaleni, zibhekwa njengabaphangi, kepha izintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga zabelana nawo ngamakhowe. Yize iMegalomyrmex symmetochus iluhlobo oluncane impela lwezintuthwane eziphawuleka kancane kunabasiki bamaqabunga, zingabaphikisi abayingozi kakhulu. Ubuthi babo bubangela ukwephulwa kohlelo lokuqashelwa, yingakho izintuthwane eziguqukayo ziqala ukuhlaselana.

Izici zamandla

Izintuthwane ezisika amaqabunga azikwazi ukudla izitshalo noma ukudla kwezilwane. Ukuphela kokudla kwabo amakhowe. Ukuze kube nokudla okwanele kulo lonke leli koloni, izintuthwane kufanele zizikhulise zizodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:

1. I-Caste ebhekene nokusika amaqabunga ithola isihlahla esifanele. Lezi zintuthwane ezisebenzayo zinemilenze emide kakhulu, ngenxa yazo engakhuphuka emagxolweni ziye emagatsheni aphezulu ezihlahla.
2. Amacembe asikiwe adluliselwa kubakhi. Kuhlukaniswe imithwalo engathi sína, abantu abanjalo balukhuni ngokwanele ukuletha inyamazane ku-anthill uqobo. Eqabwini, ungabona izihlobo zabo ezincane, ezibandakanya ukusika. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa intuthwane ayinakuzivikela ngokuphelele, ngoba ngenxa yalokho ingaba isisulu sezilokazane ezincane. Lesi sinambuzane sibekela amaqanda isisulu, bese izibungu ziqhamuka emzimbeni zidle imbovane ingaphakathi.
3. Amahlamvu asesithombeni acutshungulwa ngenye imboza yezintuthwane. Ukwenza kube lula ukuthi amakhowe aqhume, izisebenzi zihlafuna amahlamvu ziye esifundeni. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, izintuthwane zikhipha amafutha kuzo, ezifanele ukudla.
4. Ngokubumbene nokumba okuvela emthanjeni kanye nokunye kukamanyolo okutholakele, ukuthungwa kusatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwendawo yepulazi elizayo. Kulokhu, izintuthwane zinamathela kumafomu wespongy, zakha imicu evumelana nokuhamba okulandelayo.

Amakhowe anakekelwa yi-antte ehlukile yezintuthwane. Abavuni nje kuphela, kepha futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi i-mycelium ayikhuli ngaphandle kwepulazi. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezintuthwane zokusika amaqabunga ukuthi amathe awo aqukethe imishanguzo elwa namagciwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, bakwazi ukucubungula isikhunta kusuka kumagciwane ayingozi kanye nesikhunta zokhula.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kuhlafunwa yizisebenzi bese kusatshalaliswa kubantu abadala. Izinsalela zinikezwa izibungu. Ngemuva kokuba i-mycelium ingasasebenzi ekuvuneni, indawo ihlanzwe ngokuphelele, bese wonke udoti uphonswa egunjini elikhethekile elihlukile.

Kungani izintuthwane ezigawula amaqabunga ziyingozi?

Izintuthwane ze-Leaf Cutter: Isisebenzi kanye neSoldier

Le nhlobonhlobo ayinobuthi, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kwayo akubeki usongo emzimbeni womuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaselwa kwalesi sinambuzane, ikakhulukazi kusuka ezinhlwini zabalweli, kuthathwa njengento ebuhlungu kakhulu.Ngenxa yemihlathi eqinile, imbovane inquma isikhumba somuntu ngomoya ophansi. Isinambuzane asilokothi sinqunyelwe ekulimeni okukodwa. Kukhona ithuba lokuphendula komzimba.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izintuthwane zokutshala amakhowe zinethonya elinamandla ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, zinemisebenzi ekhanyayo. Lesi sinambuzane sisiza ukucebisa inhlabathi futhi sithuthukise izinqubo ze-metabolic. Amaqembu aseduzane nabantu akuvamile ukuthi abangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, amakoloni amakhulu abagawuli bamaqabunga angabhubhisa nezihlahla, kungasaphathwa ukuthi kwakhiwa izingadi engadini.

Izindlela zokubhekana nentuthwane yamakhowe

Abasiki beqabunga abavikeleki kakhulu ngaphandle kwethala. Bayakugwema ukuthutha, ngoba ngesikhathi sokufuduka okunjalo kunengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhubhisa i-anthill, izinambuzane zizokufa. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi ukususa isibeletho akwanele. Uma kungekho, abantu abasebenzayo bazohlanganyela ekukhiqizweni kabusha. Yize lokhu kuzokwenza buthaka ukukhula kwamanani, ngeke kwenzeke ukuqeda ngokuphelele inkathazo engenzeka. Ngokuvamile, i-anthill imane nje igcwala amanzi abilayo amahlandla amaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ichithwa ngokungemthetho ifosholo ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwendlela.

Uma kunamakholoni amakhulu aseduze, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kaningi. Kodwa-ke, azilimazi i-pest kuphela, kodwa nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo ongafanele nokungahambisani nemithetho yokusetshenziswa kungaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Amakhemikhali angaba yingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo.

Uma i-anthill ingaphandle kwesiza, ungaqiniseka ukuthi izinambuzane azikwazi ukungena ngaphesheya kwemingcele emisiwe. Lokhu, kusetshenziswa izithiyo ezikhethekile zensimbi, ipulasitiki noma zamanzi.

Yini incazelo esemqoka

Ama-cutter amaqabunga ayizintuthwane ezikhulisiwe. Kuyamangaza ososayensi. Izici eziphambili, ngokuya esiteji, kwethulwe etafuleni.

Izinambuzane zihlukaniswe ngama-castes ayi-7. Phakathi kosiki bamaqabunga kukhona:

• isibeletho,
• abesilisa
• amasosha
• izimbangi,
• abakhi
• abalimi
• izisebenzi ezincane.

Abasebenzi banesibopho sokunakekela izingane ezintsha. Yenza umsebenzi embhedeni wamakhowe. Umzimba awukhuli ngaphezu kuka-0.5 cm. Abakhi abakhulu. Ubude bomzimba babanye abamele bungafinyelela ku-2 cm.Ikhanda linamandla futhi likhulu.

Isibeletho esikhulu kunazo zonke. Isisindo sowesifazane siphakeme kaninginingi kunesisindo sabasiki bephepha elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Amabele anamandla amakhulu futhi akhona. Zonke izintuthwane zalolu hlobo zinamabhangqwana ama-3 wemilenze emide.

Uyini umsebenzi wezolimo wezinambuzane

Ungafunga ukuthi abagawuli bamaqabunga baqoqa amahlamvu ukuze bathole ukudla. Lo mbono unephutha. Izintuthwane azikwazi ukugaya imicu yezitshalo ezinzima. Amaqabunga aqoqiwe ahlafunwa yicashe elithile lezinambuzane. Ubuningi bezitshalo ezivelayo zigcinwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile ku-anthill, lapho kugcinwa khona izimo ezinhle.

Ukhunta luqala ukukhula esikhungweni sesitshalo, okuwukudla kwezinambuzane. Intuthwane ayidli imizimba yezithelo zamakhowe. Kudingeka i-mycelium kuphela.

Izintuthwane ziluma imizimba yezithelo ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwazo. Kwizinambuzane, lokhu kungukuchitha okungaphezulu kwemithombo okungameleli noma yiliphi inani lokudla okunempilo. Amathe asikiwe i-leaf aqukethe izinto eziningi ze-antibacterial ezisiza ekubhubhiseni ama-microorganisms ayingozi ayingozi kwi-mycelium.

Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zabasiki bamaqabunga

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingama 200 zezintuthwane ezikhulisa amakhowe emhlabeni. Ezinye zazo zenziwa ezilwaneni ezifile noma indle. Abasiki beqabunga basebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ezilula. Abasiki beqabunga babhekwa njengezinambuzane. Ezindaweni abahlala kuzo bayakwazi ukucekela phansi wonke amahlamvu ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni.

Yiziphi izici zokuzala

Ukusakazeka kwama-cutter amaqabunga kufana nezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane. Izibungu zitshalwa ngumsebenzi wabasebenzi. Abamele kanye nokudla banikeza izinto ezikhethekile zokuthuthuka nokusheshisa.

Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlelelwe ukuzalaniswa ngaphezu kwalokho banamaphiko. Iminyaka iqala ngokushesha lapho inani lamakholomu lifinyelela amanani abucayi. Abamele baqala ukushada ngenkuthalo futhi bakhe umphakathi omusha wezintuthwane.

Ngokufa kwesibeletho esisodwa, abamele abasebenza ngokuzalwa kabusha. Abesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa abaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthola imbewu eyanele. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, abamele abesilisa bafa. Izisebenzi zivele inyanga ngemuva kwe-ovipositor.

Abesifazane bakhulu futhi banamaphiko

Ngabe sidlani isinambuzane?

Izintuthwane zigaya amakhowe asekhulile ezansi. Lesi sinambuzane siphuza wonke amaconsi abonakala ebusweni. Amakhowe ngokwawo anjengeziponji ezinesisindo sezakhamzimba. Ngemuva kokuba izintuthwane zidle amakhowe, amafomu okuqina aqinile, amboza wonke umhlaba we-organic substrate. Lokhu kungukudla okuyinhloko kwezinambuzane.

Isisindo sokwakheka okukodwa singafinyelela ku-500 g. Kwikholoni ngalinye lingaba khona amakhowe ayi-100 anjalo.

Izintuthwane eziphuma emgqonyeni wokugada kuphela ezihlukaniswa yikhono lokudonsa amaqabunga aminyene zezitshalo ezishisayo. Abamele abaseleyo bakhetha amaqabunga athambile.

Yiziphi izici ze-anthill

Izintuthwane zisebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni. I-anthill yakhelwe phansi ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphansi kwenhlabathi, amakhowe asekhulile awesabi izinguquko zokushisa.

Isidleke sifana neqanda. Maphakathi yisibeletho, esibhekele ukwenziwa kabusha kwenzalo entsha. Cishe insikazi, izifakelo ezinezibungu namaqanda zitholakala endaweni. Okulandelayo yi-mycelium. I-anthill eyodwa egawula amaqabunga iyakwazi ukuba nobude obungafika kumamitha ayi-5.
Kule vidiyo uzofunda kancane ngokuthakazelisa ngama-antts asika amaqabunga:

Umsebenzi wokusika ishidi usatshalaliswa kanjani

Izintuthwane ezisebenzayo zihamba phambili. Ukuphakama kungama-0.5 cm. Abamele abanjalo banesibopho sokukhula nokuvuthwa kwenzalo entsha, kanye nomsebenzi wengadi. Amasosha akhuluphindwe kathathu noma kube ngu-4. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuvikela i-anthill kubantu ongabazi. Banomhlathi onamandla.

Isibeletho sinzima kunezikhathi ezingama-700 kunezisebenzi. Ingxenye yomzimba eqondile.

Akuyona yonke i-anthill enamasosha. Onogada bahlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu kuphela, lapho kukhona ithuba lokondla abavikeli. Kumakholamu amancane, zonke izakhamizi zenza imisebenzi yezokuphepha ukwenza ukushoda kwebutho.

Okuzuzisayo noma okulimazayo

Endaweni yokuhlala, izintuthwane ziyakwazi ukuqothula amahlamvu ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi ukwenza ukukhula nokukhula kwesihlahla noma isihlahlana akunakwenzeka. Izindlela zamakhemikhali nezeMishini zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane. Indlela ephumelelayo yomzabalazo ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwethotho. Kwamanye amazwe, izintuthwane zenani lomsoco.