I-Brocade pterigoplicht (ngenye indlela ibizwa nge-: Brobe catfish) yinhlanzi enhle kakhulu, enamandla futhi enkulu, ngokubukeka okufana nemikhumbi yokuhamba olwandle.

Emvelweni, lezi zidalwa zivame ukufinyelela kubude obungafika kuma-50 cm. Imizimba yazo iyaphakama, namakhanda abo makhulu. Umzimba wezilwane zasemanzini, ngaphandle kwesisu esibushelelezi, umbozwe ngokuphelele ngamapuleti amathambo, amehlo mancane futhi aphezulu.

Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe ncwajana pterygoplychitis, isici esibonakalayo sokubukeka kwabo yimali enhle nephakeme ye-dorsal, evame ukufinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angaphezu kweshumi nambili.

Umbala we-catfish uzojabulisa noma ngubani. Umbala onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi yenyathi, okungukuthi, amabala amakhulu ayindilinga, umbala wawo ovame ukumnyama: omnyama, onsundu, omnqumo, asakazeke yonke ngemuva ngemuva (okuvame ukuphuzi).

Amaphethini asakazekile awatholakali kuphela emzimbeni wesidalwa esimanzi, kepha futhi nasemgqonyeni nasemsileni. Phakathi incwajana yezinhlanzi Ama-albino ayatholakala futhi, amabala awo ayancipha noma angabonakali ngokungafani nesizinda esijwayelekile. Njengomthetho, umbala okhanyayo uvela kubantu abasha, abaneminyaka, imibala iyaphela.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izidalwa ezinje yiNingizimu Melika, ngokunembile, amanzi afudumele eBrazil nasePeru, lapho kuvame ukuhlala khona emizimbeni yamanzi entsha enethala elincane. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, zivame ukungcwatshwa kusilika kanti kulesisimo ziwela ekubandakanyekeni, futhi zivuka kuphela lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula.

Ukunakekelwa kanye nentengo yencwajana ye-pterigoplichitis

ICatfish pterigoplicht incwajana ilungele ama-aquarists aqalayo, ngoba ukunakekela lezi zidalwa akunzima neze. Ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo, kufanele unake ezinye zezici zabo zemvelo.

Lezi izinhlanzi - izakhamizi zemifula enamanzi afudumele nanqabile. I-Brocade catfish ijwayele ukuba khona emizimbeni yamanzi enamajubane ahamba kancane, ngakho-ke idinga izimo ezifanele ku-aquarium nokusizwa okuhle. Njengoba lezi zidalwa zinkulu, amanzi asemanzini akhona angcoliswe ngokushesha bese kudingeka isihlungi ukuze usihlanze.

Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhanya okwengeziwe. I-aquarium igcwele amanzi obulukhuni obuphakathi, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-30 ° C, okufanele liguqulwe njalo okungenani ngenani lama-25% nsuku zonke. Lezi izinhlanzi zasebusuku, ngenxa yalokho, zidinga kakhulu indawo yokukhosela yokuphumula kwasemini.

Njengamanje, kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezinhlanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi: i-blogade pterigoplicht. Izidalwa ezinjalo zihlukaniswa ngemibala, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwazo ngqo azikabikho.

Kepha i-catfish eyindabuko yangempela ingahlukaniswa kalula "kumkhohlisi" yi-dorsal fin, enama-ray angaba yishumi nambili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi. Akunzima ukuthenga ezifuywayo ezitolo zezilwane, futhi namuhla i-minifish catfish ithandwa kakhulu.

Isizathu salokhu ukubukeka kwabo okuhehayo nezidingo ezilula zokunakekelwa. Intengo ye-Brocade pterigoplicht imvamisa ngama-ruble angama-200. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo zidinga indawo yokuphila kwazo. Imvamisa, ukuthola izinhlanzi ezinjalo esikhathini lapho zisezincane, abanikazi abangahle abanaki ukuthi zingakhula kanjani izinhlanzi ezinjalo. inhlanzi eyikati.

I-Brocade pterygoplychitis imvamisa ikhula kancane, kepha uma kufika isikhathi, amakhodi abe makhulu kakhulu kuma-aquarium amancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqala izinhlanzi ezinjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bazodinga "indlu" enamanzi okungenani amalitha angama-400, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezulu kwalokho.

Umsoco we-Brocade pterigoplicht

Emvelweni, lezi zidalwa zasemanzini zinamathelana ngamaqembu futhi zidla ukudla ndawonye. Ukulala kweBrocade kuyisidalwa esisebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zondliwe ngalesi sikhathi sosuku. Kuhle ukwenza inqubo yokondla masinyane ngaphambi kokucisha isibani sokufakelwa.

Izindlela zokondla i-catfish catfish zihlukile impela; zivame ukuhlinzekwa ezitolo zezilwane njengabahlanza i-aquarium. Lezi zilwanyana zidla i-algae ngenkuthalo, futhi ngamanani amakhulu, zimane zikhukhule ngejubane elikhulu yonke into esendleleni yazo.

Abantu abakhulu bayakwazi ukukhipha izitshalo ngezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezifana ne-lemongrass ne-cinema, zibambe ngejubane lombani. Kungakho lapho kuzalaniswa izinhlanzi, ukuze zibenzele izimo ezikhululekile futhi zibanikeze amavithamini adingekayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kube nenani elikhulu le-algae ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo.

Lapho igcinwa emanzini, kubalulekile futhi ukubeka i-driftwood kuyo, ngoba indawo ethandekayo yalezi zidalwa zasemanzini ukuswakama kwezifo ezahlukahlukene kuzo. Ungasho nokuthi indlela enjalo yokuthola okwanele iyisisekelo esibalulekile sokudla kwabo, ngoba ngale ndlela ama-catfish athola i-cellulose edingekayo ekugayweni kwawo.

Kepha awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla okwengeziwe. Futhi ngaphandle kokudla kwezitshalo, okwakha cishe ama-80% wokudla, i-catfish kufanele inikezwe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla kwezilwane.

Kwemifino, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, izaqathi nesipinashi kufaneleke njengokuphakelwa. Ezinhlotsheni zokudla okubukhoma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-bloodworms, izibungu kanye ne-shrimp. Konke lokhu kugcinwe eqandisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukubi ukufaka ukudla okwenziwe ngokulinganayo kwe-catfish ekudleni kwalezinhlanzi.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila se-patchigoplichitis yencwajana

Ama-catfish amaduna, njengomthetho, makhulu kunezinsikazi, futhi anama-spine kumaphini we-pectoral. Abafuyi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bavame ukwahlukanisa abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokuba ne-papilla yofuzo kubantu besifazane.

Ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi ezinjalo e-aquarium ekhaya akunakwenzeka. Ubunzima buhlotshaniswa nobunzima bokuqhuma, njengoba senqubweni yokuzalwa kabusha emvelweni ikhathoni yasolwandle idinga kakhulu imigudu ejulile yokugqabhuka, lezi zidalwa ezigqekeza kuzona ezisogwini.

Kusukela kuqale uFry, ama-catfish enduna angamaduna ahlala emithanjeni eshiwo ngaphambili, evikela inzalo yawo. Lezi zinhlanzi zidotshwa ngokuthengiswa ezitolo zezilwane kuphela emapulazini ahlome ngokukhethekile. Ukuze kuqhume, izinhlanzi zibekwa emachibini, lapho kunenqwaba yenhlabathi ethambile.

Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ziluka isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ziphila kuze kube yi-15, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. AmaSulumane aqinile ngokwendalo futhi amelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo. Kepha impilo yabo ingathinteka kakhulu ngezinga elikhulayo lezinto eziphilayo emanzini, lapho umsebenzi wabo obalulekile wenzeka khona.

AmaSulumane anokuthula impela, uma kubhekwa lokhu, ayakwazi ukuhlangana nomakhelwane abahlukahlukene, okuyisilinganiso esiphakeme ukuhambisana kwebrowski pterigoplichta nezinye izinhlanzi emanzini.

Kodwa-ke, basondelana kakhulu nabantu ahlala nabo, abajwayele ngoba oxhumana nabo isikhathi eside. Ekuxhumaneni nezinhlanzi ezingaziwa, ngisho nezihlobo zazo, ziyakwazi ukuba nolaka futhi zilwe izimpi ezivuthayo zensimu.

Ngesikhathi sokulwa phakathi kwabo izincwajana ezinjenge-catadefish zinokungafani kokusakazwa kwamaphinifa we-pectoral, kuyilapho kukhula ngobukhulu ngosayizi. Emvelweni, le mpahla iyasiza kakhulu, ngoba esimeni esinjalo kunzima kunoma yimuphi umhlaseli ukugwinya inhlanzi enjalo.

AmaSomalia izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngakho omakhelwane e-aquarium kumele futhi balingane nosayizi wabo. Lokhu kungaba ngama-polypterus, i-gourami enkulu, imimese yezinhlanzi kanye nama-cichlid amakhulu.

Isakhiwo esibalulekile sivumela i-catfish ukuthi ihlangane ngisho nomakhelwane abathandayo, abanolaka ngokwemvelo. Isibonelo, ababhubhisi abanjengezinhlanzi abadumile njengophondo lwezimbali. Futhi ukhetha indawo yokukhosela e-aquarium, i-catfish ngesibindi uyiqashe kwabanye ababephula umthetho. Abalimazi abenzi bokubi akuvamile, kepha bangethusa kakhulu izivakashi ezingamenyiwe.

Vele, i-catade catfish isebenzisa ikakhulukazi ukudla okutshala izitshalo. Kepha izinhlanzi ezinjalo, ezibuye zibe ngama-scavenger, ziyakwazi ubugqi bazo ukubangela inkathazo komakhelwane, ebusuku zidla izikali ezivela ezinhlangothini zamabala, i-discus kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala phansi nezisicaba.

Kukholakala ukuthi Okuqukethwe yincwajana ye-pterigoplicht e-aquarium ene-golffish isisombululo esihle kakhulu. Kodwa imininingwane enjalo ayilona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Izimo zokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kokukhululeka kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlanzi zihlukile kakhulu, okudala ukungathandabuzeki okungabazeki.

I-Brocade catfish imvamisa ithatha ukudla okusalile kusuka ezansi e-aquarium ngemuva kokuba omakhelwane bayo sebeqedile ukudla kwabo kwasemini. Lezi izidalwa ezihamba kancane, ngakho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi zigcwele ngokwanele ukuhambisana nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini. Isici esijabulisayo salezi zilwane impahla yazo kwezinye izimo, zikhutshwa emanzini, zenze imisindo yokumemeza ethusayo izephula mthetho.

Ulwazi oluvamile

I-Brocade pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps) ingeyomndeni we-catfish-catfish, ongomunye wabamele abakhulu bohlobo lwayo.

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, i-pterigoplichitis yinhlanzi ethanda ukuthula. Futhi intshisakalo yabo gastronomic icishe ilinganiswe ngokuphelele ezitshalweni. Lezi zinhlanzi zingabasizi abahle ekulweni nokufiphana kwe-algal ezindongeni ze-aquarium.

Bahlala kakhulu ebusuku. Lapho zigcinwa ngezinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu, ama-skirmish ayenzeka, lapho kubhekwa khona indlela ethokozisayo yokuziphatha - i-pterygoplychitis iphakamisa umdonso futhi isakaze amaphiko we-pectoral kuzo zonke izinkomba. Emvelweni, izinhlanzi ngaleyo ndlela zikhohlisa abazingeli, zikhulisa usayizi wazo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngezikhathi ezomile, i-pterigoplichitis ingcwatshwa emhlabathini futhi ifihlwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula. Futhi, lezi zi-catfish zibonakaliswa ukuphefumula kwamathumbu: ngokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukugwinya umoya ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi futhi iwuthathe usebenzisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamathumbu.

Ukukhishwa emanzini, i-pterygoplychitis ingenza imisindo yokumemeza. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu futhi kungukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze kusabise abahlaseli.

Ukubukeka

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zibonisa ngokucacile izici ezihlukile zezinhlanzi. I-Pterygos - "amaphiko", i-hoplon - lesi okuthiwa isihlangu samaGrikhi asendulo, i-ichthys - "inhlanzi", i-gibbiceps - "hump ekhanda".

I-Brocade catfish inomzimba omude, uthambile kancane phezulu. Umzimba wonke, ngaphandle kwesisu, umbozwe ngamapuleti amathambo aminyene. Ikhanda likhulu, linemilingo engafani nalutho. Umlomo uguqulwa ube yinkomishi enkulu yokudonsa, ngosizo lapho inhlanzi ingabanjwa khona phezulu. Linamandla kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba likhiphe inhlanzi ngaphandle kokulimala. Phansi kwezinkomishi zokumunwa komlomo kukhona izimpondo ezinkulu.

Inhloko ye-Brocade pterigoplicht

Amehlo mancane, asendaweni engenhla kwekhanda. Ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi izinhlanzi zingaboni nje kuphela ukuthi kwenzekani phambi kwayo, kodwa futhi zikwazi ukubheka isimo sisemuva noma eceleni. Isikhala esingaphezulu kwecatfish kuphela esisendaweni efile.

I-dorsal fin inkulu, ifana nolwandle, inemisebe okungenani eyishumi nambili. Ama-pectorals afana namaphiko futhi asondele kakhulu esiswini. Zinamandla amakhulu futhi zisiza inhlanzi ukuthi igaye inhlabathi.

Umbala omkhulu womzimba ushokoledi noma ucishe umnyama, unenombolo enkulu yemigqa ye-beige eyakha iphethini efana nesikhumba sengwe. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ingaphela futhi inyamalale ngokuphelele. Kunezindlela zama-albino.

Amaphinifa we-pectoral nawo makhulu, enziwe ngamathambo aminyene, asiza ikati lezinhlanzi ukuthi liwele emhlabathini.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-catade catfish ingakhula ibe ngu-50 cm.

Habitat

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-pterigoplichitis yiNingizimu Melika. Zitholakala ohlelweni lomfula i-Amazon, i-Orinoco, imifula yaseBrazil iShingu neTefe. Izinhlanzi zithanda imifula egeleza kancane, ihlala ikakhulu kumakhamfula kulezo zindawo lapho kunosilika abaningi. Imvamisa ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu. Ngenkathi yemvula basebenza kakhulu futhi banamandla amakhulu - badla imifino ne-carrion. Ezikhathini ezomile, bagaya ku-sludge emanzi ne-hibernate ukuze basinde ezimweni ezinzima.

Njengamanje, zingcolile emazweni ase-Asia, lapho zinikezwa khona emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa

I-Pterigoplicht yinhlanzi enkulu kakhulu, umthamo omncane kakhulu wokugcina umuntu oyedwa okungenani amalitha angama-250. Isihlabathi sama coarse noma amatshe amatshe amancanyana afanelekile njengomhlabathi. Kunconywa ukufaka izindawo zokukhosela ezinhlobonhlobo e-aquarium: imihume eyenziwe ngamatshe, amapayipi e-ceramic noma epulasitiki. Kufanele kube khona i-snag yemvelo. Ngemuva kokuyidla, ama-pterygoplichtys athola i-cellulose ebalulekile ukugaya.

I-Pterygoplychitis ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze inhlanzeko emanzini

I-aquarium kufanele ifakwe isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle nesicompressor, inhlanzi enjengamanzi ahlanzekile we-oxygenated. Kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi ukuphefumula kwamathumbu ngeke kuthathe indawo ye-aeration. Uma i-pterigoplicht imvamisa iphumela engxenyeni yomoya, khona-ke kunenkinga nokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo e-aquarium. Futhi, abazithandi izinhlanzi zamanje zamandla. Akumele sikhohlwe ngokushintshwa kwamanzi okwenziwa masonto onke (kuze kufike ku-30%).

Amapharamitha afanele wamanzi wokuqukethwe: T = 22-26, pH = 6.5-7.5 GH = 2-15.

Lapho ukhetha izitshalo, umuntu kufanele acabangele iqiniso lokuthi ama-pterigoplichts angabumba kalula noma yisiphi isitshalo se-aquarium, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezakhiwe kahle: i-cryptocorynes, i-apono-he izink, ne-wallisneria. Kufanele bakhandwe ngamatshe nakanjani. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, izitshalo zingahlupheka.

Ukuvumelana

Ama-Pterigoplichtys izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula, kepha kuzobe kungalungile ukudonsa izinhlobo ezincane kuzo, zingaba isisulu sengozi. Kungcono ukuhlala komakhelwane abakhulu: ama-cichlid, ama-polytheruses, ama-gourami amakhulu. Ngisho neCilongo elibhubhisa zonke izimbali ngeke likwazi ukwenza noma yini i-pterigoplicht ephathwayo.

Ama-catfish catfish akhuthele endaweni yawo futhi angaxosha izivakashi ezingafuneki. Ingxabano ingaqhamuka, okokuqala, nezihlobo zayo, izinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu (ama-suppistruses), i-gerinoheylus.

Isikhathi sokuphila e-aquarium sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.

Ukondla iPterigoplichitis

Ngokukhula okugcwele nokukhula kwe-pterygoplychitis, ukudla kwabo kufanele kube nezitshalo (80%) nokudla kwezilwane (20%). Amanye ama-aquarists akhetha ukondla lezi zi-catfish ngemifino yemvelo namakhambi: i-zucchini, isipinashi, izaqathi, ukhukhamba. Okubi kokuphakelwa okunjalo kungenzeka okukhulu kokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi uma kungadliwa okungaphelele kokudla kwezinhlanzi. I-Pterigoplichitis ngeke yenqabe kusuka ekudleni kwezilwane zemvelo: ama-bloodworms, ishubhu, kepha akunconywa ukondla inhlanzi ngokudla okubukhoma, i.e. angakwazisa ukutheleleka ku-aquarium.

Ama-feed omile alungele i-blogfish catfish. Isibonelo, Tetra Pleco SpirulinaWafers. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, kwenzeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe izingxenye ezimbili kwithebhulethi eyodwa: okuphakelayo okuphezulu okunamaprotheni okwenziwe ngezingxenye zezinhlanzi nokugxiliswa kwe-spirulina algae. Amathebhulethi acwila ngokushesha phansi futhi isikhathi eside agcine isimo sawo. Zinhle zombili nezinceku ezindala.

Ukwehlukanisa lokhu kudla, sincoma ukunikeza ikati le-Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers catfish - amaphilisi ane-zucchini angezwe ukuthuthukisa inhlala-kahle nokugcina amandla enhlanzi.

Amathebulethi weTetra Pleco Amathebulethi, okuphakelayo okulinganiselwe ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini eziphansi ngokwe-herbivorous, adume ngokudla kwawo okuhle kakhulu. Icebiswe nge-spirulina kanye nolwandle, iqukethe wonke amavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kube ne-driftwood e-aquarium ene-pterygoplichts, ukuyikhafuza, i-catade catfish ukuthola i-cellulose edingekayo yokugaya kahle.

E-aquarium enama-pterygoplychts, kufanele kube khona i-snag

Kungcono ukondla inhlanzi ngemuva kokucima isibani futhi uqiniseke ukuthi omakhelwane abasebenzayo kakhudlwana bangaphazamisi ukudla kwabo.

Ngenxa yothando lwabo olukhethekile lwe-algae, i-pterygoprichlata izoba abasizi abahle ekugcineni inhlanzeko ye-aquarium.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili ku-pterygoplychitis kwenzeka okungenani eminyakeni emithathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlanzi zivame ukufika ngosayizi ongu-15-20 cm.I-dimorphism yezocansi ayishiwo. Indlela enembe kunazo zonke yokuthola ubulili ngesimo se-papilla sangasese.

Ukuzala i-catfish catfish e-aquarium yasekhaya akunakwenzeka. Ngempela, emvelweni, izinhlanzi zimba imigudu ejulile kusilika, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho abesilisa baqapha i-gry. Ukuphinda uvelise lezo zimo kunzima. Emapulazini ezinhlanzi, ama-pterygoplichte afakwa emachibini akhethekile amakhulu.

Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ebusuku. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda ayi-120-500. Amafry ahlukaniswa ngumbala grey grey namachashazi amnyama, futhi, ngemuva kokutholwa kabusha kwe-yolk sac, angamaphilisi aphekwe nge-catfish.