Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Umbala nomzimba kufana kakhulu ne-spruce yesiphambano, kepha kukhulu (cishe kusuka esihlahleni se-oki). Ikhanda likhulu ngokulinganayo futhi “linxande”, uqhwaku lunamandla ngokwengeziwe (ububanzi beqhwelwe esisekelweni bungaphezu kuka-13 mm), umgibeli ongaphansi komlomo uhambelana nomugqa ophansi woqhwaku. Ubude bomzimba 16-16 cm, amaphiko angama-30-33 cm, isisindo esingu-44-70 g.

Incazelo. Imibala ifana ncamashi nalena yesiphambano: indlakadla yabesilisa ibomvu, izinsikazi ziluhlaza grey, izinyoni ezincane ezinemifudlana eminingi. Lokhu kudala ubunzima obukhulu ekunqumeni, ngoba kukude kakhulu ukuthi kuhlolwe inyoni ikude nokuhlola ubukhulu bayo obukhulu. Uma ibukwa eduze, ingabonakala ngomlomo omkhulu, izisekelo zoqhwaku noqhwaku lwazo cishe ziyafana, nokukhanya okubonakalayo kombala emphinjeni wabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwi lama-coarser labameli bale nhlobo liyaphawuleka.

Vota. Ekukhokhweni kwama-roll amaphakethe - insimbi ebukhali "iphoyisa. », «ikhekhe», «tyup-tyup. ", Ngaphansi futhi mkhulu kunama-eloviks. Ingoma iyakhala futhi inzima, inama-rolling troll afana nezimpawu ze-greenfinch. Ngokukhathazeka bakhipha okukhulu okubukhaliikherubi».

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Ihlala enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeYurophu, kanye naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, isuka eScandinavia nasogwini oluseningizimu yoLwandle iBaltic, empumalanga kuye cishe esigodini sase-Irtysh. E-Russia yase-Yurophu itholakala ikakhulu enyakatho, lapho ihlala khona emahlathini kaphayini futhi ivame kakhulu ezindaweni. Ekuzuleni nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka kutholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zohla lokuzalela nangale lapho. Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu nesifunda sethu akuvamile.

Indlela yokuphila. Ifana ne-cross-elovik. Ngokuvamile okuhlotshaniswa namahlathi kaphayini, uqhwaku olunamandla lubavumela ukuba baphathe kalula izigaxa zikaphayini ezinamandla. Kwezinye izindawo bahlala esidlekeni emahlathini ama-spruce. Indawo izidleke nokuhleleka kwazo kukonke, kufana nokwesihlahla sesiphambano, isidleke sikhulu kancane. Ku-clutch, amaqanda ama-3-5, apendwe njengomuthi wefonti, avame ukudwetshwa ngemithunzi efudumele - ophuzi, ukhilimu, fawn, amabala avame ukuba makhulu. Ukudla - njengomuthi wesiphambano.

Isihlahla se-klest-pineI-Loxia pytyopsittacus)

Incazelo

Luhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwezimpawu eziwela umgwaqo: ubude bomzimba waso buvela ku-16 kuye ku-18 cm. Umbala weplamu ufana nombala wethala le-cross-spruce.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-pine crossbill ngumlomo waso omkhulu. I-mandible iminyene njengokufanelekile. Ukuphakama komlomo kanye nobude bawo kucishe kufane, futhi phezulu komlomo aluhlaza cwe. Uqhwaku lusebenza ngokukhethekile ezinhlangothini zikaphayini.

Ukucula kufana nokucula kwe-crossbill, kepha jikelele kuphansi kancane futhi kuqinile. Ngaphezu kwabesilisa, abesifazane nabo bayacula, kepha kuthule futhi kube nokuhlukahluka. Ikholi izwakala njengokuthi "choke-choke-choke".

Ukuvela kwe-pine “yephini”

I-crossbill ingummeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwama-crossbills, ubude bomzimba walezi zinyoni bufinyelela ku-sentimitha ayi-16-18.

Isihlahla se-klest-pine - umnikazi woqhwaku lwangaphandle.

Lezi zinyoni zinesisindo samagremu angama-54, kanti isisindo esiphezulu sifinyelela kumagremu angama-62. Amaphiko ahlukahluka ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-27 kuya kwangama-31.

Ikhanda noqhwaku lwephayini eliwela umgwaqo likhulu. Uqhwaku olukhulu nokukholekayo kukhona ukushuba okufanayo. Ubude nobubanzi bomlomo bayalingana, le ngxenye yomzimba wephayini iwela kakhulu ifana nophrothethi. Imikhawulo yoqhwaku ayidabule ngokuqinile.

Klest - isihlahla sikaphayini

Ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe: 2 kwabayi-10 Intambo yesithangami: Ukuwela imithetho

I-Pinus-pine, noma i-crossbones enamaqabunga e-pine (ngesiLatini: ILoxia curvirostra), iyi-songbird yasehlathini yomndeni we-Finch, iqembu lama-passerines. Kubonakala ngomlomo onamandla onezeluleko eziwela futhi ondliwe yimbewu ye-sona, i-spruce kanye nezinye izingqenqema. Ihluka nge-spruce ngumlomo onamandla nosayizi omkhulu.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Abesilisa babomvu noma babomvu ngombala obomvu, engxenyeni engezansi yesisu imhlophe qwa. Izinsikazi ziluhlaza okotshani ngemiphetho yempaphe ephuzi-eluhlaza. Izinyoni ezincane zimpunga ngemisipha, amaduna angamaduna onyaka wokuqala anombala ophuzi owolintshi. Izimpiko nomsila onsundu. Uqhwaku alugqinsi kakhulu, lubanzi ngokwedlulele, alugobile kancane, lubuthakathaka njengamaphethelo we-intersecting, ubude balo bude futhi buthambile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlobene zephayini enqobayo. Inekhanda elikhulu, i-paws eziyishumi, ikuvumela ukuba ulengise phansi eceleni kusuka kwizigaxa, umsila omfushane, oqoshiwe ojulile.

Indlela yokuphila

Isikhathi sasemini, inyoni enomsindo futhi ehambahamba. Uchitha cishe sonke isikhathi ezihlahleni. Izimpukane ngokushesha emzileni we-wavy. Endizeni, umhlambi wezimpawu zesiphambano ushaya, ukhipha "cap-cap-cap." Kunesici esijabulisayo endleleni yokuphila yazo zonke izinhlobo zamanqamu. Njengoba ukunqamula kwemigwaqo kudla cishe kuphela ngembewu ye-coniferous, isivuno sawo akuyona yonke iminyaka, ukushintshashintsha konyaka kungabonakala ezimweni zonyaka zalezi zinyoni. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, izinqamula ezindleleni ziyazulazula, zishiya le ndawo inokwehluleka kwezitshalo futhi inqwabelana ngamanani amakhulu ezindaweni ezivunwe amahlathi e-conif. Ngaphezu kwama-conifers, ama-crossbill adla ukhula kanye nembewu ye-sunflower, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane.

Ukuzala

Ukuwela umgwaqo kungangena ehlobo nasebusika, kuya ngesivuno sembewu esezihlanganisiwe, kuvame ukwakhiwa izidleke ngoMashi. Izinyoni zakha izidleke eduze komunye nomunye. Lapho ikhula, iduna lihlala egatsheni elingaphezulu lomuthi, licula kakhulu, lishaye ikhwela ngenkathi kuhlangana izilo nokushaya, kugijima futhi kusontelana. Insikazi yakha isidleke ngamagatsha awugqinsi we-spruce, isebenzisa amagatsha amancanyana ngaphandle bese ifaka ngaphakathi nengaphakathi moss, uboya kanye nezimpaphe. E-clutch kunamaqanda angama-3-5 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamabala ansundu. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, amaphuphu ahlala esidlekeni amanye amasonto amabili. Ama-Fledglings (amaphuphu angakwazi ukundiza) bondla abazali isikhathi eside.

Lalela izwi likaphayini we-crossbill

Abesilisa banenqwaba yezinsimbi ezibomvu namawolintshi. Isisu sinombala onsundu. Kwabesifazane, i-plumage iluhlaza noma iphuzi. Umsila namaphiko alezi zinyoni onsundu.

Lezi zinyoni zithanda izihlahla zikaphayini kuphela.