Porcupine kuhlobene ngqo nomndeni wama-rodent. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane bubalelwa ku-80 cm, futhi isisindo cishe singama-13 kg. Ukubukeka i-porcupine esithombeni kuphakamisa ukuthi uyisidalwa esinolaka futhi esinolaka.
Ikakhulu, sikhuluma ngezinaliti ezimboza umzimba wesilwane. Inani elilinganiselwe lezinaliti lingama-30,000. Zingabonakala zinesisindo, kepha eqinisweni, inalithi ngayinye ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-250 g.
Futhi, izinaliti ze-porcupine aziphazamisi ukunyakaza kwakhe nhlobo, kunalokho, zisiza i-rodent ukugcina umzimba wayo emanzini, futhi izivikele nakwizinyamazane.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izinaliti zidlala indima yokuntanta, ngenxa yama-voids ngaphakathi futhi, ngokweqiniso, ngokwesabisa ezinye izilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, yizo ezibangela ukuqothulwa kwama-porcupines, ngoba izinaliti zisetshenziswa ekwenzeni zonke izinhlobo zobucwebe.
I-Porcupine ibonakala ngamazinyo aqinile futhi aqine kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuze kuquqwe ucingo olunsimbi lwensimbi ephakathi, isilwane sizodinga isikhathi esincane. Ukudla kwe-rodent kufaka izimpande ezahlukahlukene, ama-apula, kanye nezithelo ze-hawthorn, okhalweni lwe-rose.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-porcupine idla ithanga namazambane, ngenxa yokuthi i-rodent isilungele impela ukuya kusayithi lomunye umuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane zivame ukulala ngesikhathi sasemini, nokuzingela ukudla kwazo okuthandayo kwezitshalo ebusuku. Ukuthi isilwane sithanda ithanga kangakanani, uyabona ividiyo ye-porcupine phansi kwendatshana.
Futhi phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyizintandokazi zokudla kwe-porcupine kufaka amagxolo namagatsha ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-porcupine ngayinye iyingozi enkulu ehlathini. Into ekhona ukuthi cishe abakwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwamagxolo.
Ama-Porcupines akhuphuka ngokushesha emthini ngenxa yezingubo ezinde, eziqinile lapho efuna indawo elula. Njengoba ihlale phansi egatsheni eliqinile, isilwane sidlulela esidlweni saso.
Ukuhlola ukulimala okubangelwa yizihlahla zezihlahla zomzimba, udinga nje ukucabanga ukuthi ngesikhathi sasebusika kuphela omele umndeni wamagundane uyakwazi ukubhubhisa kuze kufike emakhulu ezihlahla.
Indaba evame kakhulu yinsumansumane yokuthi ama-porcupines uma kwenzeka eyingozi adubula ngezinaliti zawo abukhali. Kodwa-ke, empeleni le yinganekwane, imbangela yayo esekuziphatheni kwe-porcupine kanye nokulimeka “kwesikhali” sayo.
Naphezu kokubukeka okwesabekayo kwezinaliti, azibambi ngokuqinile ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, lapho i-porcupine izwa ingozi futhi ihlose ukwesabisa isitha, inyakazisa umsila wayo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinaliti.
Izinhlobo zePorcupine nendawo yokuhlala
Nge-Via izithombe ze-porcupine Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlukaniswe zaba yinani elikhulu lezinhlobo, okuyizinto ezinkulu okuyizilwane zaseNingizimu Afrika, iMalay, amaCrested, amaNdiya kanye namaJavanese.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama lohlobo ngalunye lwavela mayelana nensimu ekusatshalaliswa kuyo. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kukhona nazo izinkuni porcupine, elingaphansi kwezihlobo zayo ngosayizi womzimba nobude bezinaliti.
Esithombeni kukhona i-porcupine yezinkuni
I-porcupine yaseNingizimu Afrika igama layo lisendaweni yalo. Kulokhu, lesi silwane sithanda zonke izinhlobo zezimila ngaphandle kwehlathi.
I-porcupine ehlanganisiwe ubuke izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zohlobo lonke. Ingatholakala endaweni enkudlwana ebanzi, ehlanganisa i-Southern Europe, i-Asia Minor kanye ne-Southeast Asia, i-Middle East, i-India kanye namanye amazwe.
I-porcupine yaseNdiya Akutholakali eNdiya kuphela, kepha naseNingizimu ne-Asia Ephakathi, iTranscaucasus neKazakhstan. Indawo yokuhlala kwe-Javanese porcupine imelwe yindawo ye-Indonesia, kanti uhlobo lweMalay lubhebhetheke ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India, China, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, kanye nezinye iziqhingi nama-peninsulas.
Isithombeni yisitha esidlekayo
Ngokuvamile, i-porcupine ibhekwa njengesilwane sasezintabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu kuye ukuba aphile emgodini wakhe. Ezindaweni eziphansi, abamele abomndeni wama-rodent batholakala ngokungatheni, futhi ngisho nangaphansi - endaweni ephansi.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalapho i-porcupine izama ukuthola indawo enezigodi, imigodi nezinye izinto zomhlaba. UPorcupine uyaphila hhayi ngemigodi kuphela abazimbayo bodwa, kodwa futhi nasemvinini wamatshe, emihumeni, njll.
Imvamisa, umgodi we-porcupine uqukethe amagatsha amaningi nokuhamba okwengeziwe. Ngokuvamile i-porcupine ingatholakala ezindaweni eziseduzane. Umlutha wokudla okutshalwe iziza, ngesinye isikhathi i-porcupine icela ukudlaonesibindi sokusondela kakhulu kubantu.
Ukuzalaniswa kwe-Porcupine nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ama-Porcupines akhiqiza kanye kuphela unyaka, futhi lesi sikhathi siwela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengomthetho, ama-porcupines abonakala ngenzalo embalwa, inani eliphakeme lamawundlu afinyelela ezinhlanu. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuzalwa ama-porcupin eyodwa noma amabili, ngakho-ke ungakhuluma ngokuphephile ngokuzala okungathí sina.
Njengoba selizelwe, iwundlu le-porcupine selivele lenziwe kahle futhi lakhula kahle isilwane. Uyakwazi ukugibela izihlahla, kepha esikhundleni sezinaliti, i-porcupine entsha isanda kuba noxhaxha lwezinwele oluthambile, ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukuzivikela.
Esithombeni, iwundlu le-porcupine
Kepha, ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, izinwele ngayinye iqala ukuba lukhuni, ngenxa yalokho kuvela izinalithi ezihlala isikhathi eside. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile sama-porcupines cishe siyiminyaka engama-20. Abantu bakwazile ukuzilawula lezi zilwane, manje maningi amathuba thenga i-porcupine njengesilwane.
Izinaliti ze-Porcupine
Isici esivelele sama-porcupines ayabhekwa inaliti ende kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Omude kunabo bonke afinyelela isigamu semitha futhi abe nobukhulu bamasentimitha ayi-0.7. Uvolo we-Porcupine uhlukile emzimbeni wonke, uqukethe izinhlobo eziningana zezinwele:
- Izinaliti ezikhungweni, eziminyene nezibukhali eziguqulwe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezinwele.
- I-setae ende ende, eqondakala kalula.
- Izinaliti ziyisicaba ngesimo.
- Izinwele ezithambile zoboya.
- Izinwele ezifanayo, ziqinile kuphela.
Izinaliti ezingamamitha ayihafu zitholakala ngemuva kwesilwane. Ngasikhathi sinye, azigxilile emzimbeni wesilo, zihlala ziwela ngaphandle, ngaphandle kokumlimaza. Isilwane kungenzeka singayiboni inqubo yokuphuma kwezinaliti. Esikhaleni esiphakathi kwawo kukhona awugqinsi, kepha ama-spines amafushane, akhula kusuka ku-15-30 cm ubude. Izinwele ezithambile sezivele zacasha ngaphansi kwazo. Izinwele ezimnyama zimboza ikhanda, umzimba ophansi kanye nemilenze. Ngaphezu kwamabistela emsileni wesilwane, kukhona izigaxa ezinde.
Ingwebu inyusa kanjani izinaliti zayo?
Izibungu zamakhompiyutha azinalutho ngaphakathi, ezinye zigcwaliswa yinto enomhlaza. Lapho isilwane sisengozini, iqala ukuphakamisa izinaliti zayo. Lokhu kungenxa yemisipha eqinile emuva. Izinaliti ziyavuka bese zigobela emuva. Ngalezo zikhathi, i-porcupine iyathuthumela, yenze umsindo odabukisayo oxosha abazingeli bakho. Ukuqhekeka okufanayo kutholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-porcupines, ngaphezu kokude. Imiphetho yesilwane inombala onsundu ngombala, umthunzi wawo ohlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo. Izinaliti ezimboze izinhlangothi, umsila kanye nesilo sesilo zinombala omnyama nomhlophe.
Ukwakheka komzimba
Ubude bomzimba wesilo buyehluka ngokuya ngesimo sohlobo oluthile. Izinhlobo ezincane zikhula ngobude zingadluli amasentimitha angama-38, amakhulu - aze afike ku-90.
I-Porcupine - gait
Amaphethelo ama-porcupines amafushane, athize. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izilwane zihamba kancane, zihamba kancane edonsekile. Kodwa-ke, uma isilwane sisengozini, singagijima isikhathi eside futhi ngokushesha. Embungeni, iminwe emi-3 noma emi-4. Ngasemuva - emihlanu, kepha umunwe wokuqala uthuthukile. Yonke iminwe inezikhafu ezicijile ezimnyama emikhawulweni. Akukho mafutha ezinsikeni zemilenze.
Umsila wePorcupine
Ama-porcupines amaningi anobude obujwayelekile bemsila. Ikhula ibe ngu-15 cm. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezinde ezinomsila, kanye nakuma-carp-tailed porcupines, imisila ikhula ibe ngu-25 cm.
Igebhezi lalesi silwane lincane. Kuyi-oval, amathambo engxenye yangaphambili akhule kahle. Isibalo sisifushane, siyindilinga kancane, simbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinwele ezimfushane. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-porcupines zihlukaniswa yinhlanganisela enhle yamabhulashi emakhanda awo.
Ama-molars ezilwane aqinile ngokwedlulele, abonakala ngokuhlafuneka kwefulethi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izisekelo zakhiwa nge-enamel orange, zibonakala kahle ngaphandle, njengawo wonke amagundane. Ukukhula kwamazinyo kuyabonakala empilweni yonke yezilwane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukugaya kwabo okuphelele akunakwenzeka. I-porcupine inamazinyo angama-20 asemlonyeni we-porcupine.
Amehlo amancane ayindilinga abekwa emuva kakhulu, izindlebe azibonakali, zifana nezindlebe zabantu ngesimo sabo.
Ama-Porcupines athulile, ungezwa ukuthi enza noma yimuphi umsindo ezimweni ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sengozi noma ukunganeliseki, izinduku ziqala ukukhukhumala nokukrokra. Ngakho-ke bazama ukwesabisa isitha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Bancamela ukuhlala esifundeni esisezintabeni nasezintabeni. Bayawathanda amahlathi, ahlala kude namasimimu asanda kulinywa. Kuyivelakancane ukuthola amagundane endaweni eyihlane. Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kungenziwa phakathi kwamatshe odonga, ezintabeni zezintaba nasemhumeni. Konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kwesilwane. Uma inhlabathi ithambile, khona-ke bamba iminki ejulile - ifinyelela kumamitha amane - ngaphansi komhlaba. Zinde, ziyavunguza. Banokuphuma okwengeziwe okuningana.
Emgodini wokumba zakha amakamelo amancane athokomele, afakwe ngotshani obuluhlaza. Izilwane azesabi abantu, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukuhlala eduzane nemizana, ziphange izitshalo zabahlali bendawo. Uthango lwentambo aluphazamisi nakancane - i-rodent izoluma kalula ngensimbi futhi iye indlela yayo ebanjeni.
Ukuze uthole izilwane ezidliwayo, iya kusihlwa. Ntambama, bakhetha ukukhululeka kuma-mink amahle. Ebusika, izilwane azizifihli, kepha ziba yi-lethargic, mancane amathuba okushiya indawo yokukhosela. Ngezikhathi ezifudumele zona ingasuswa ekhaya ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwaukumbiwa okuthile okumnandi. Ochwepheshe bezemvelo abanolwazi baveza kalula izindlela zama-porcupines, abazinyathela ngamalungu abo aqinile.
Isikhathi sonke ezinye izilwane zizolile ngokweqile, zinamahloni amancane. Ngeke neze babe ngabokuqala ukuxhaphaza abanye, bakhetha ukudlula ezinye izilwane. Ama-Porcupines awethembi muntu, ayayibona ingozi ngisho noma ingekho. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, bavula izinaliti zabo bese beqhekeka ngendlela eyingozi. Imvamisa izilwane zihlupheka yizimoto, ziqale ukuzesabeka ngaphandle kokubalekela umgwaqo.
Izitha zePorcupine emvelweni
Izilwane ezihlaselayo azinandaba nokuzingela izimbungulu. Abayeki ngisho inaliti enkulu emzimbeni wesilo. Ingozi enkulu imelelwa yizimpisi, izimpungushe, izindunduma nezinye izinyathi ezihlala esifundeni. Kwezinye izimo, ama-porcupines ahlaselwa izikhova zaseMelika.
Ama-Porcupines akuvamile ukubalekela ingozi. Azesabi izilwane ezinkulu, zibasabisa uma kungenzeka bahlaselwe. Uma izinsongo zingazange zithinte isitha, khona-ke izilwane ziqala ukumjaha ukubuyela emuva, zishaye izikhali zazo ezibukhali nezingenalo izibhamu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izidakamizwa ezinkulu zasakazeka e-Afrika. Izilwane ezilimele ngezinaliti azikwazi ukukhipha izikhala emzimbeni. Futhi, ngeke besakwazi ukuzingela abangatheni. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ukuhlasela abantu abangakwazi ukuzivikela ngaphandle kwezikhali.
Izingxenye zama-porcupines zitholakala kuphela ohlelweni lokugaya izingwenya ezinkulu. Isitha esikhulu sama-porcupines, kanye nezinye izilwane, siseyumuntu. Njengoba izilwane zithanda ukuntshontsha izilimo, zimba umhlaba futhi zichithe uthango, izakhamizi zemizana zihlala zizizingela. Futhi isizathu esibalulekile sokuqothulwa kwezilwane inyama enambitheka, efana nenyama yomvundla.
I-Porcupine ishaya izinaliti noma cha?
Kudala bekungumbono ongaqondile wokuthi izingwegwe zingaphonsa izinaliti kubaphikisi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo. Iphutha alibonakalanga kusuka ekuqaleni - kungenxa yokuthi ameva abukhali anamathiselwe emzimbeni, ngakho-ke aqothuka kalula bese alahleka. Izilwane azikwazi ukudubula ngameva - azinamadivayisi we-millet anatomical salokhu. Futhi, izinaliti ziyagoba, ukuze zingasetshenziswa njenge-projectile ezindizayo. Njengoba ama-porcupines egijimela kakhulu abaphikisi futhi ashiye inaliti kuwo, kungadalwa umuzwa wokuthi bawaphosa kude.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ama-Porcupines ayaziwa ukuthi ahlomile futhi ayingozi. Le ngozi ingabeka engcupheni labo abazoqala ukumhlukumeza, kepha imvelo iyisilwane esinokuthula futhi esizolile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinaliti ze-porcupine zikhulu kakhulu kune-hedgehog, futhi zibalulekile ngosayizi.
Ososayensi-izazi zezilwane abavela eYurophu bahlanganisa izingwebu zase-Europe naseNyakatho Afrika ohlotsheni olulodwa - ikamu. I-porcupine yaseNdiya ibuye ihlukaniswe njengezinhlobo ezizimele. Futhi ososayensi abavela eRussia bathi izinhlobo zama-porcupines ase-Asia naseYurophu zinhlobo olulodwa, zigcizelela ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ze-porcupine ezihlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Ividiyo: Porcupine
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ezahlukahlukene zama-porcupines azinza emakhoneni ahlukene oMhlaba. Izici zabo zangaphandle ziyehluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Kunama-porcupines amancane kakhulu anesisindo sekhilogremu elilodwa (uhlala eNingizimu Melika), kukhona iziqhwaga zohlobo lwazo, ezisisindo sazo esidlula kg kg eziyi-10 (okuhlala i-Afrika).
Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zama-porcupines zingahlukaniswa:
- I-porcupine yaseNingizimu Afrika,
- i-porcupine elahlekile (ikamu),
- I-Javanese porcupine,
- Isi-Malay porcupine,
- i-porcupine indian.
I-porcupine yaseNingizimu Afrika ingelinye lamakhulu emndenini wayo. Isiqu saso sifinyelela ubude obuyi-80 cm, nomsila - 13. I-rodent enjalo inganesisindo esingama-24 kg. Isici saso umugqa omhlophe otholakala kuwo wonke umkhonkolo. Ameva kuphela kuwo afinyelela isigamu semitha ubude, futhi izinaliti zokuzivikela zingama-30 cm ubude.
I-porcupine ye-crested (i-crested) ithole udumo olukhulu nokusatshalaliswa. Kutholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, eMiddle East, e-Asia naseNdiya. Ngokwayo, inobunzima futhi bukhulu. Ubude bawo bufika ku-70 cm, bese isisindo sedlula ama-20 kg. Umzimba unamandla, emilenzeni yama-squat aminyene. Isifuba, izidladla nezinhlangothi zimbozwe ngemabhulashi amnyama, izinaliti ezinkulu zinamathela emzimbeni wonke.
I-Javanese porcupine ibhekwa njengesigemegeme e-Indonesia. Wahlala cishe. Java, Bali, Madura, Lombok, Flores.
I-Malay porcupine nayo inobukhulu obukhulu. Umzimba walesi silwane usuka ku-60 kuye ku-73 cm ubude.Iisisindo singadlula ku-20 kg. Indawo yokuhlala yakhona yiNdiya, iThailand, iCambodia, iLaos, iMyanmar, neVietnam. Kutholakala eSingapore, eziqhingini zaseBorneo naseSumatra. Amaphayi athambile, amafushane, ansundu ngombala. Izinaliti zimnyama futhi zimhlophe nge-yellowness, isembozo soboya siyabonakala phakathi kwabo.
I-porcupine yaseNdiya ayihlali eNdiya kuphela, kepha futhi namazwe ase-Asia, iTranscaucasia, futhi atholakala eKazakhstan. Ubukhulu baso bukhulu kakhulu kunalena edlule, isisindo asidluli kuma-15 kg. Ama-Porcupines awahlali nje kuphela emahlathini nasezintabeni, kodwa futhi anama-savannas, kanye nogwadule.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Isilwane Porcupine
Idatha yangaphandle ethokozisayo yaleli pende nombala wayo kuncike endaweni lapho inemvume yokuhlala unomphela. Ngenxa yombala wayo, ukwazi kahle ubuciko bokufihla, ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Umbala wejazi kulezi zilwane ungaba:
- nsundu
- mpunga
- mhlophe (ezimweni ezingavamile).
Uma ubuka i-porcupine, ungabona ukuthi isibalo sakhe sibukeka sikhathazekile futhi simvilapha.Ubukeka enamandla, imilenze yakhe mikhulu impela, kodwa imfushane. UPorcupine ume ngokuphelele futhi ngokuzethemba, esebasakaze kabanzi, njengendoda yangempela. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka, ngeke uze ukholwe ukuthi lesi silwane sigijima ngokushesha, ngenkathi sinyuka kakhulu futhi siguqeka kancane sisuka ngapha nangapha, sifana nebhere elinsundu.
Izinaliti ze-Porcupine zalesi silwane hhayi uphawu lwangaphandle kuphela, olusenza sibe ngesimanga, sihle futhi sidonse ukunakwa. Basebenza njengezivikeli ezingakhathali zempilo ye-porcupine. Kunobufakazi bokuthi umzimba we-porcupine umboza izinaliti ezingaphezu kuka-30,000, wakhela izembatho ezingavikelekile kubo bonke abantu abangafanele. Ubude bawo obuphakathi buyi-8 cm, kukhona futhi isikhathi eside, ngaphakathi azinalutho, okukhumbuza ukuntanta okuntanta okuvela entshweni ye-goose.
Ngayinye yalezi zimpaphe inepipi elibunjiwe njenge-spiky eliyindilinga elinamathela kumphikisi. Ukudonsa umkhonto onjalo kunzima kakhulu futhi kubuhlungu, ngokunyakaza nokujikijela kunamathela ngokujulile futhi kujule. I-porcupine ngokwayo ayinakho ukuphazamiseka okuningana kwezinaliti zayo ezinde. Ngenxa yabo, ubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi ngobungcweti uqhubeka emanzini. Ngakho-ke, basebenza njengolayini wokuphila, bobabili ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso.
Ngaphezu kwezinaliti, umzimba we-porcupine umbozwe ngensimbi efudumele, egcwele ngaphansi nangezinwele ezinde zangaphandle. Isikebhe esingaphansi sivame ukufakwa ngemibala emnyama, sisebenza njengejacket egxilile, futhi izinwele ezisele, ezinde futhi zibukhali, ziyazivikela.
Sekuvele ukuthi imilenze yalezi zigundane inesitoko, imfishane, iqinile. Kukhona imilenze yangaphambili ye-porcupine, nezinzwane ezinhlanu emilenzeni yangemuva. Zinezindwangu eziqinile ezibukhali, ezisiza hhayi kuphela ekutholeni ukudla, zikudwengula ngaphandle komhlaba, kodwa ngosizo lwezikhonkwane i-porcupine ikhwela izihlahla ngokumangazayo, enesakhiwo sayo kanye nokuqina kwazo.
Isizalo se-porcupine simfushane, ngaphambili ngaphambili. Akanasidingo, embozwe izinwele ezimnyama. Amehlo mancane futhi ayindilinga, izindlebe zincane, zinzima nokubona. Amazinyo kaPorcupine, njengomshini owenza izinkuni, acubungula izinkuni ngokungapheli. Izihlisi ezine ezibukhali ezibekwe ngaphambili, zikhulisa yonke impilo yazo, ukuze ungaziguli, lokhu kungaholela ekufeni. Kancane kancane ezihlahleni, amazinyo e-porcupine aba umbala ophuzi-orenji.
Ihlala kuphi i-porcupine?
Photo: Porcupine ngezinaliti
Ama-Thorny rodices asakazeka kabanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kuyiqiniso, ziyehluka ngosayizi, umbala nokuziphatha, konke lokhu kwakha imvelo yazo. AmaPorcupines ahlala eningizimu yeYurophu (i-Italiya, iSicily), asatshalaliswa e-Asia Minor, cishe yonke indawo lapho etholakala eMiddle East, e-Iran, e-Iraq aze afike empumalanga eningizimu yeChina.
Bahlala cishe yonke insimu yaseNdiya nesiqhingi saseCeylon, bahlala ezindaweni ezithile zaseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. AmaPorcupines nezwekazi lase-Afrika, kanye neMelika (eNyakatho neNingizimu) yakhethwa. Izinaliti ezijwayelekile nazo ziseningizimu-nentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia.
Ngokuqondene nezindawo zeSoviet Union yangaphambili, i-porcupine yabhaliswa lapha engxenyeni eseningizimu yeCentral Asia neTranscaucasia. Kuze kube manje, inani lale ntambo emangalisayo lihlala lizinze, yize kunobufakazi obuthile ohlangothini lokuncishiswa, kepha leli yinombolo elingelutho kakhulu.
Ngabe kudlani i-porcupine?
Isithombe: Indian Porcupine
I-Porcupine ikakhulukazi ithanda ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, ngesikhathi sendlala, angadla izinambuzane ezincane nezinsikazi. I-Porcupine idla izimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ithanda i-hawthorn ne-rose yasendle, idla zonke izinhlobo zezithelo nemifino, futhi, iqiniso, amagxolo namagatsha ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Ukuthanda ama-porcupine ezinhlobonhlobo zama-gourds. Uwathanda kakhulu amathanga, amazambane, namakhukhamba, ajwayele ukuntshontsha izingadi. Ukudla ithanga elinoshukela, angagcwala injabulo. Ungakhathazeki idili elinamagilebhisi namagilebhisi, ama-aphula, namapere.
Lapho kuhlala khona izingwegwe, abantu abajabuli ngomakhelwane abanesihluku futhi bababheka njengezinambuzane zezikhala zabo ezilinywayo. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-porcupine intshontsha ukhukhamba, amathanga ngokuqondile emibhedeni, imbe ama-tubers amazambane nezinye izitshalo eziyimpande, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu emahlathini.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaphandle kokudla amagxolo ezihlahla, lezi zilwane azikwazi. Abagcini nje ngokudla kuye, kepha futhi bagraya izimbotshana zabo, uma kungenjalo amazinyo ayoba makhulu, khona-ke ingulule ngeke ikwazi ukuhlafuna, ukudla nokufa yindlala. Ngokukhululeka, laba badla izihlahla ezinkulu ezithotshiswe ameva babekwa kunoma yisiphi isiqu nengatsha, bese ukudla kwabo kuqala lapho. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sebusika kuphela i-porcupine eyodwa engabulala cishe izihlahla eziyikhulu. Uma ucabangisisa ngakho, bese kuba ngamahlathi, kungadala umonakalo omkhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Porcupine Hatchling
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-porcupines zihlala ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele. Amanye ama-porcupines angama-monogamous (ama-carp-tailed), athola ingxenye yesibili impilo yawo yonke. Lolu hlobo lwama-porcupines aluthandi isizungu, luhlala emindenini emihumeni yayo nasemiseleni. I-porcupine ekhanyisiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ichitha isikhathi ihlukaniswe futhi ihlangana nowesifazane isikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana. Lama porcupines awathandi ukuxhumana nomunye, zama ukuzihlalela ngokuzimele.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamathanga aqala ngoMashi. Lapho kufudumele unyaka wonke, asikho isikhathi esikhethekile sokuzalela, futhi inzalo ingakhiqizwa kuze kube kathathu ngonyaka. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-porcupine zinomkhuba ojabulisa kakhulu wokuzala. Abesifazane bamema ababambisene nababizi abakhethekile, abesilisa bamesabise abantu abancintisana nabo ngokukhala kwabo.
Imvamisa kuba nokulwa komfazi. Ama-Cavaliers enza ngisho nomdanso wokumangalisa othanda ukuqashelwa ukuze uqashelwe. Umuntu onobuqili kuphela noqine kakhulu othola okhethiweyo wakhe. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngaphandle kwensikazi kusuka kowesilisa kucishe kungenzeki ukuhlukanisa, bafana ngokuphelele.
Owesifazane uphatha amazinyane ukusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-110 kuye kwezingama-115. Imvamisa bazalwa - babili noma abathathu, kwesinye isikhathi abahlanu bayazalwa. Izingane ziyavela ngamazinyo azo, zibona ngokuphelele, kuphela izinaliti ekuqaleni ezingekho, zizalwa ziluhlaza. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kamuva, ameva aqala ukuba lukhuni futhi lapho kuphela isonto lokuqala lokuphila esevele eqinile.
Umama wondla amawundlu akhe ngobisi lwawo amasonto amabili kuphela. Ubuntwana bama-porcupines budlula ngokushesha okukhulu, sekuvele inyanga emva kokuzalwa, baba ngabantu abadala. Intsha ihlala nonina ize ibe sezinezinyanga eziyisithupha, bese iqala impilo yayo yokuzimela. Futhi ama-porcupines aphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi ngamazinga wamagundane, iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Izitha zemvelo zama-porcupines
Isithombe: I-porcupine ehlanganisiwe
Ama-Porcupines cishe awanazitha endle. Konke lokhu kungenxa yezinaliti zabo ezinde nezinobungozi ezilwaneni. Kukhona ngisho nombono ongaqondile wokuthi le mpuku ibabhoboza njengemicibisholo egobe, ekugcineni kwale mikhonto kungubuthi. Lona ngumbono ongalungile, i-porcupine ayidubuli ngezinaliti zayo, zona uqobo ziyabukeka futhi ziqhume masinyane, noma ngabe nje zishukumisa umsila wayo. Akukho ukulandela ubuthi ezinhlanzini. Banengqimba yothuli, umhlaba kanye nokungcola kuphela, kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi amanxeba ezilwaneni ezisele izinaliti ze-porcupine alimaza isikhathi eside.
Ibona isisulu esingahle singasebenzi kahle, i-porcupine iqala ngokuxwayisa isoni sayo, isishaye phansi izingalo zayo, ikhiphe amababazo athile. Ziyaphakama izinaliti, ziyaxhuma, zithintitheke futhi zithintane. Uma isitha singabuyeli emuva, i-porcupine uqobo ibalekela kuye futhi imbe emzimbeni wakhe ngezinaliti zayo ezinde. Ngisho nezinyamazane ezinkulu ezinjengebhubesi lase-Eshiya, ingwe enephunga, ihlosi laseBengal lizama ukudlula kule ndawo yesigwegwe, njengoba noma yisiphi isisulu somphathi waso ongenacala singathatha isikhathi sihlasele.
Izidalwa ezinenaliti ye-porcupine ezilimele zinesikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Imvamisa, abahlaseli bamakati amakhulu bahluleka ukufuya izilwane zasendle bese abalambile beza kubantu ngokubahlasela noma imfuyo yabo. Nayi i-porcupine yesilo esithandekayo. Naye uyesaba futhi wesaba wonke umuntu, futhi wonke umuntu uzama ukungamphazamisi!
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Isilwane Porcupine
Amapulangwe wePorcupine esikhathini esinikeziwe awabi sengozini. Izidlakudlakudla azingeneleli kuzo; abantu abazingeli kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, umuntu ubulala izingwegwe ngenxa yezinaliti zakhe, ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni ubucwebe obuhlukahlukene. Phambilini bebazingela la maqobelo ngenxa yenyama yabo, enambitha njengenyama yemvundla, manje ayisabanzi. Futhi, esikhathini esedlule esedlule, lezi zidondolo zaqothulwa njengezinambuzane ezinobungozi zamasimu, izingadi nezingadi zasekhishini. Manje seziye zaba zincane futhi azibeki engcupheni enkulu yezitshalo.
Inani lama-porcupines nalo lehlile ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuncishiswa akuyona into enkulu kangako, ngakho-ke, umndeni we-porcupine awunangozi ngokuphelele, ngeke unyamalale ebusweni bomhlaba wethu. Ngokusho kwe-International Red Book, ukubukeka kwabo kungaphansi kokusongelwa okuncane, kunikezwe isigaba sengozi esisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Ngamanye amagama, ukwesaba ubukhona besibalo se-porcupine akukaze kubhekwe.
Porcupine - isilwane esimangalisayo. Izinganekwane zakha ngisho nezinaliti zakhe. Ngiyabonga kubo, muhle futhi akajwayelekile, kepha futhi akanakuhlaselwa. Ngokusho kwedatha yangaphandle, kunzima ukusho ukuthi i-porcupine iyi-rodent, ngoba inobukhulu obukhulu. Indida ethokozisayo yobukhona bayo ukuthi i-porcupine inamahloni kakhulu, imnene futhi inamahloni, kodwa ngisho nezidlamlilo ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi inkosi yezilwane, ziyamesaba futhi zithanda ukuhamba.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zigundane zenalthi inkulu impela. Zitholakala e-Asia nase-Afrika, kuwo womabili amaMelika, e-Australia. Ama-Porcupines nawo angatholakala eYurophu, kepha ososayensi basaqhubeka nokuvula umbuzo wokuthi ngabe ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Europe iyindawo yabo yemvelo noma ukuthi abantu bayilethile lapho.
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Okapi
Emuva eRoma lasendulo kwakukhona inkolelo yokuthi i-porcupine iyakwazi, njengemicibisholo, yokuphonsa izinaliti zayo ezitheni nokuthi inobuthi. Eqinisweni, akekho noyedwa iqiniso. I-Porcupine inganamathela izinaliti ngokushesha futhi igobeke, noma ilahlekelwe ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Futhi izinhlungu nobunzima bokuphola amanxeba ashiywe yi-porcupine kuchazwa ubukhona bothuli, ukungcola nesihlabathi ezinalwaneni, okubangela ukutheleleka kwawo.
Incazelo yeRentent
Ubude bomzimba we-porcupine buyi-38-90 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-2-3 kg siye ku-27 kg. Izinaliti zitholakala emuva, ezinhlangothini nasemsileni. Umbala onsundu, futhi ezinalwaneni - ezimthende, zimnyama nezimhlophe. Izinaliti ze-Porcupine zinde kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi imvelaphi yazo izinwele eziguqulwayo. Ngobude bafinyelela ku-40 cm, ububanzi obuyi-7 mm, bukhali kakhulu. “Uboya” bePorcupine buqukethe izinwele ezithambile, ezinoboya, eziqinile, amabhulethi asicaba, amabhulethi amade futhi anwebile, nezinaliti ezinzima nezinde.
Izici zokudla kwe-Porcupine
I-Porcupine isilwane esidla izindwani. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, idla ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zezitshalo, izimpande, ama-bulbs kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ekwindla, ushintshela ekudleni okubandakanya amakhabe, amakhabe, ukhukhamba, amathanga, amagilebhisi, i-alfalfa. Ebusika, idla amagxolo esihlahla amaningi, ibopha ingaphansi yeziqu zale nhloso. Kuyaqabukela kungangeza izinambuzane ekudleni kwakho.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Porcupine
Indawo yokusabalalisa ama-porcupines ifaka i-Europe, i-Afrika, i-India kanye neNingizimu Melika kanye ne-USA neCanada, i-Asia Ephakathi, iTranscaucasia neKazakhstan. Indawo yemvelo yalezi zilwane ihluke kakhulu - lokhu kungamahlane, amasoseji, amahlathi ashisayo.
I-Porcupine African (Hystrix africaeaustralis)
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-crested noma i-crested, ihlala e-Afrika nase-Italy. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-0,7 m, isisindo singeqi ku-20 kg. Umzimba u-squat, imilenze iminyene. Izindishi ezimnyama zitholakala esifubeni, ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni, zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba zimbozwe ngezinaliti ezinde ezibukhali ngombala omnyama nomhlophe.
I-Malay Porcupine (Acanthion brachyura)
Ukubuka okukhulu ngezinaliti ezibukhali, ezinzima. Izinaliti zidwetshwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe noma ophuzi, phakathi kwazo kunoboya. Amaphayi amafushane, ambozwe izinwele ezinsundu. Ubude bomzimba obungu-63-73 cm, ubude bomsila 6 cm cm. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-700 kuye ku-2400 g.
Izinhlobo zitholakala eNepal, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, enkabeni naseningizimu yeChina, eMyanmar, eThailand, eLaos, eCambodia naseVietnam, ePhalamende laseMalaysia, eSingapore, eSumatra naseBorneo.
I-Crested porcupine (i-Hystrix cristata)
Isisindo somzimba sifinyelela kuma-27 kg, isilinganiso esingu-8-12 kg. Ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-90 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-10-15 cm. Umzimba ugcwele izinaliti eziwugqinsi zobude obuhlukahlukene. Izinaliti ezisuka kumnyama noma zimnyama-nsundu ziye kumhlophe, zibukhali. Phakathi kwezinaliti kukhona izinwele ezilukhuni ezimfushane. Kukhona ikamu elinzima ekhanda. Ngezansi komzimba kumbozwe izinwele ezimnyama ezinsundu. Ubuso bufushane futhi buyindilinga, bumnyama, ngaphandle kwezinaliti. Amehlo ayindilinga, mancane. Izindlebe zincanyana. Amaphaphu amafushane.
Izinhlobo zivame eningizimu yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor, eMiddle East, e-Iraq, e-Iran, eningizimu yeChina, eNdiya naseCeylon.
ISumatran porcupine (I-Thecurus sumatrae)
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45-56. ubude bomsila bungamasentimitha ayi-2,5 kuya ku-59. Isisindo singama-3.8-5.4 kg. Umzimba umbozwe ngezinalithi eziyize, izinaliti ezibukhali ezibunjiwe kanye namabreyidi aqine afinyelela ku-16 cm. Umbala uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala, izinaliti ezinamathiphu amhlophe. Ngezansi kwentamo kukhona amabala ombala omhlophe qwa. Akukho okukholekayo.
Kusatshalaliswa esiqhingini saseSumatra endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-300 ngaphezu kolwandle, emahlathini, emadwaleni amatshe, emasimini amasiko.
I-Long Tailed Porcupine (Trichys fasciculata)
Ubude bomzimba buyi-35-48 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-18-23 cm, isisindo somzimba 1.75-2.25 kg. Ijazi elingenhla limdaka, limhlophe qwa. Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe ngezinaliti eziguquguqukayo zobude obulinganiselayo. Umsila unsundu, unesikali, uphuma kalula, ikakhulukazi kubantu besifazane.
Ihlala eNhlonhlo yeMalay, eziqhingini zaseBorneo naseSumatra, emahlathini nasekutshaleni amasiko.
Ukuziphatha kwePorcupine
Ama-Porcupines ahlala emhlabeni, kwesinye isikhathi abambe umgibeli ongaphansi komhlaba, noma acashe emifantwini yamatshe noma asebenzise iminkilo elahliwe yezinye izinhlobo. Lezi zilwane zihamba ebusuku. Ntambama bahlala emiseleni yabo nasezindlini zokukhosela, futhi ekuqaleni kokuhwalala bayaphuma. Ebusuku, i-porcupine ihamba amakhilomitha ambalwa, futhi endleleni idla izimpande, izitshalo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, amagxolo nezinambuzane. Ebusika, ama-porcupines kuyaqabukela aqhamuke emigodini lapho ahlomisa isidleke.
Ama-Porcupines ahlala eduze nabantu ukujabulela isivuno esivela emasimini ezolimo. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izilwane kwesinye isikhathi zize zilume ngemigoqo eminyene evimba ukungena.
Ukuzalanisa i-Porcupine
Ama-Porcupines ayizilwane ezithandekayo futhi akhetha umlingani oyedwa empilweni. Bahlala emindenini emihumeni noma emihumeni efinyelela kuma-20 m ubude. Lapha ama-porcupines ahlomisa isidleke esithambile sotshani wenzalo esizayo.
Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-110-112, kwesinye isithombo sezingane ezingama-2-5. Amathole ePorcupine azalwa enamehlo, enomusa omncane okhanyayo esikhundleni sezinaliti. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, baba ngabantu abadala.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngegundane:
- I-Porcupine iyi-rodent yesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu ngemuva kwe-beaver neyesithathu ngokuvamile ngemuva kwe-beaver ne-capybara.
- Ama-Porcupines ajwayele izivakashi zezingadi, amakhabe nezindawo zokutshala, futhi zithathwa njengezinambuzane ezichitha amakhabe namakhabe futhi zibambe umhlabathi. Ngisho amanetha awasindisi ekuhlaselweni kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zidonsa emigqonyeni yezinhlelo zokunisela zifuna amanzi. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, izicubu zomzimba zazivame ukuqothulwa ngaphambili.
- Inyama ye-Porcupine inambitha inyama yerabi, imhlophe, ithenda futhi inoshukela.Phambilini, izicubu zomzimba zazivame ukuzingeliselwa ukudla, kepha manje lokhu ukuzingela sekuyinto emnandi ngokwengeziwe.
- Izimbungulu zikhula ekudingisweni, zijwayele kahle futhi zizale. Iminyaka yabo yokuphila iyiminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Amasistimu kanye nokubhalwe phansi
Izazi zezilwane zaseYurophu zivame ukwehlukanisa ama-porcupines ahlala eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika njengezinhlobo ezihlukile ikamu le-porcupine (I-Hystrix crystata) Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-porcupine yaseNdiya ngesinye isikhathi ivelele njengohlobo oluhlukile. H. indica. Kodwa-ke, ezincwadini zaseSoviet / zaseRussia, ama-porcupines aseYurophu nase-Asia abhekwa njengezinhlobo eyodwa, okuwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwama-patcupines afanele (I-Hystrix) e-Eurasia, izinhlobo ezintathu ezisele zalolu hlobo zivame e-Afrika.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
IPorcupine iyisilwane esinezintaba esijwayelekile futhi esihlala emaphethelweni emathafa, kubandakanya nalawo atshaliwe, yize kungatholakali kangako ogwadule olunesihlabathi. Ihlala phakathi kwamadwala, iziqeshana ze-porcupine emihumeni nasezindongeni zemvelo, ogwadule - phakathi kwamatshe, ngemisele yemisele yokuthambisa enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi ifakwe ukuphuma okuningana. Umphetho we-porcupine uvama ukwedlula amamitha ayi-10 ubude, uya ngaphansi komhlaba kuze kube ngamamitha angama-4. Kunwetshwe ngo-2-3 emgodini, omunye wawo unesidleke esifakwe ngotshani obuluhlaza. I-Porcupine ayesabi ikakhulukazi ukusondela komuntu futhi imvamisa ihlala eduze nemizana.
I-Porcupine icishe ibe yisilo ebusuku. Uchitha usuku emgodini futhi uhamba kuphela ubumnyama ngokuphelele. I-Porcupine ayiwele ekubandakanyeni, kepha esimweni sezulu esibandayo ayisebenzi futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ishiye umhosha. Ebusuku angahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ekhaya lakhe. Ezindaweni zeziguquko zazo ama-porcupines ashiya izindlela ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Ezindleleni ezinjalo, umzingeli onokuhlangenwe nakho angathola kalula umhosha we-porcupine.
I-Porcupine idla ekudleni kwezitshalo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, idla izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, izimpande, ama kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kamuva, ekwindla, ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe, zidla kakhulu izithelo zazo - zidla amakhabe, amakhabe, ukhukhamba, amathanga, amagilebhisi, i-alfalfa. Ebusika, kudla amagxolo esihlahla amaningi, kudonsa izingxenye ezingaphansi zezihlahla. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngokusobala, ukuze abhekane nokuntuleka kasawoti emzimbeni, udla izinambuzane.
Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zobubanzi, ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMashi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-110 kuya kwezingu-5,55, kuthi emva kwalokho insikazi ilethe ama-2 000, kwesinye isikhathi ifike ku-5. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nangaphezulu zohla, ukuzala akuhlanganisiwe nje kusizini ethile, futhi akukho zihlobo elilodwa noma ezintathu ngonyaka, njengasenyakatho. I-Zoos futhi yaqopha izingane ezingama-3 ngonyaka.
Amakhefu azalwa enamehlo futhi enamazinyo athuthukile. Izinaliti zawo zithambe kakhulu ekuqaleni, kepha ziqinise masinyane futhi ngesonto bangaqhuma ngamandla. Ukuzondla ngobisi akuhlali isikhathi eside kakhulu - mhlawumbe kungabi ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili.
Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo ze-porcupine, zimbalwa zazo - izinaliti zinikeza i-porcupine isivikelo esihle kakhulu kusuka ku-tiger nengwe. Lapho isitha sihlasela, i-porcupine iyaxwayisa okokuqala - isinyathela ngokushesha nangemilenze yaso yangasemuva, inyakazisa izinaliti, ikhiphe uhlaka olukhulu oluyisimilo. Uma isitha singabuyeli emuva, i-porcupine, ephonsa ngokushesha okufushane emuva, igxosha umxoshisi phambili.
Amanxeba amaningi kusuka ezinalwaneni ze-porcupine kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kwezihlwayi e-Afrika naseNdiya phakathi kwezingwe kanye nezingwe. Isilwane esivele sangena kugwebu futhi sathola inaliti eziningi ebusweni baso nasezindweni zazo, asikwazi ukusikhipha siba yinto engavumelekile, yehluleka ukuzingela inyamazane yaso ejwayelekile - ukungathandeki. Ukuze bangafi yindlala, izilwane ezidla ezinye zazo kufanele zihlasele abantu abangakwazi, njengabahlubuki, ukuba basheshe baphume kulesi silo esilahlekelwe ukuhamba kwaso kwangaphambili.
Ngenxa yalesi sivikelo, i-porcupine ayesabi izilwane ezinkulu. Akanikezeli ngisho emotweni, futhi uzama ukumsongela ngezinaliti - izimbotshana eziningi zifa ngale ndlela ngaphansi kwamasondo.
Incazelo yePorcupine
Ama-Porcupines emhlabeni wonke ayaziwa ngezinaliti zawo ezinde eziyingozi. Noma yisiphi isivakashi esingamenyiwe, esidale ukuqwashisa esilwaneni, sihlangana nazo ngokudabukisayo. Lezi zikhala ezishelelayo zisiza i-porcupine ye-rodent ukuthi izivikele engozini. Ngemininingwane, emzimbeni we-porcupine zikhulu ngobukhulu kunaleyo hedgehog. Ngeshwa, ukubukeka kuvame ukuba yilwazi kuphela ngalezi zilwane abantu abaningi abanazo. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abazi iqiniso lokuthi i-porcupine iyi-rodent, enye yamagundane amakhulu emhlabeni.. Isisindo se-porcupine yabantu abadala ngokwesilinganiso singamakhilogremu ayishumi nambili. Yize umndeni ehlobene nama-hedgehogs.
Ungahlangana nalesi silo esihle emahlathini nasehlathini laseYurophu, e-Afrika, e-Asia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ngokuvamile, i-porcupine ibhekwa njenge-herbivore, kepha ngokuntuleka kokudla kwezitshalo, izokujabulela izidalwa ezincanyana, izinambuzane namaqanda atholakala ezidlekeni zabanye abantu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ezahlukahlukene zama-porcupines atholakala endaweni yazo yokuhlala emhlabeni wonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubungako bezilwane bunokwehluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo - kusuka kubameleli bekhilogremu abancane bama-porcupines aseNingizimu Melika, kuya kumakhilogremu ayishumi noma ngaphezulu wama-Afrika.
Njengomthetho, lezi yizilwane ezinombala o-grey noma onsundu, kepha abamele abamhlophe futhi abaqabuki. Umsila we-porcupine yabantu abadala ufinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Isisindo singashiyana ngendawo, ngokwesilinganiso sisuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-16 kilos. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kwisiFulentshi, igama elithi porcupine lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ingulube ekhethiwe."
Izinaliti ezibukhali, eziyingozi ze-porcupine, ezingaba ngu-25 cm ubude, kufinyelela ku-7 mm ubukhulu, ezinesisindo esingu-250 g, ziphuma kalula emzimbeni. Kwakuyiqiniso leli elenza phambilini wacabanga ukuthi i-porcupine ingadubula owonile. Eqinisweni, zinamathele nje emcimbini futhi ziwele ngokwazo lapho zishayela noma zihamba endaweni embi. Umhlaseli obanjwe yintukuthelo yaleli phuku ugijimisa ingozi yokuphunyuka nezinaliti emzimbeni wakhe, okunzima kakhulu futhi okususwayo kabuhlungu ngemuva kwalokho. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, ayinabungozi, kepha ukubhoboza uqobo kungadala ukuphazamiseka okuningi ngenxa yokuthola ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka, ngoba kungaba ngcolile.
Kuyiqiniso leli elivame ukuholela ekubukekeni kwamahlosi e-cannibal, esizowaxoxa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinaliti zivuselelwa njalo, ezintsha zisanda zikhule endaweni yezinduku ezilahliwe. Ama-Porcupines anezinto eziguquguqukayo, ikakhulukazi "emculweni" aziphatha ngenkathi yokukhula, zizala izingane futhi zizala izingane. By the way, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingama-450 g.Umzimba wazo ubude buba ngamasentimitha angama-25. Izimpaphe zama-porcupines asanda kuzalwa asathambile futhi aphephile, ukuze aqine futhi aphenduke isikhali sangempela sokuzivikela - adinga isikhathi. Inzalo ezisanda kuzalwa izohlala nonina cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izinganekwane Zenaliti yasePorcupine
Inkolelo yokuthi i-porcupine iphonsa izinaliti zayo ezitheni, njengemicibisholo, indala kakhulu - kwakuyinkolelo-ze ejwayelekile nasesikhathini samaRoma asendulo. Ngisho nanamuhla, umuntu uvame ukuzwa umbono onjalo. Okwamanje, akulona iqiniso iqiniso. Izinaliti ze-Porcupine, impela zintekenteke kakhulu esikhunjeni, kepha isilo asikwazi ukuziphonsa - lokhu akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamadivayisi afanelekile we-anatomical. Futhi kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi inaliti kufanele iqiniswe kanjani endizeni ukuze ifinyelele kulitshe okungenani izinyathelo ezimbalwa (ikakhulukazi njengoba izinaliti ze-porcupine zingenazo izimfanelo ezinhle ze-aerodynamic - ngokwesibonelo, azikaze ziqonde ngokuphelele, kepha zihlale zinokuthile okuqondile ukugoba). Ngokunokwenzeka, inkolelo enjalo yavela maqondana nekhono le-porcupine ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokunyakaza okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukunamathisela izinaliti kulowo olisukelayo, bese iphonsa phambili futhi, kunikeza umbono wokuthi ibeka inaliti kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ngokunyakaza okubukhali kwe-porcupine egijimayo, izinaliti ngokwazo zingaphuma esikhunjeni, kodwa asikhulumi ngokuphonsa kwabo ngamabomu.
Futhi, enye inganekwane ejwayelekile ayiqinisekisiwe - mayelana nezinaliti okuthiwa zinobuthi ze-porcupine. Impela, amanxeba avela ezinalwaneni zakhe abuhlungu kakhulu, ajwayele ukukhishwa futhi aphilise ubunzima. Kepha lokhu akubangelwa ubuthi, kepha ukutheleleka okujwayelekile - kuvame ukuba khona ukungcola okuningi, uthuli nesihlabathi ezinalwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinaliti ze-porcupine zincane, futhi izicucu zivame ukuhlala esilondeni, zibangele ezinye izinhlungu nokuqina.
Porcupine nendoda
Ezindaweni ezikuyo, i-porcupine ijwayele ukuhlangana nabantu. IPorcupine isivakashi esivamile sezingadi, amakhabe kanye namahlathi, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kubangela ukulimala okukhulu. Akukwazi nje kuphela amakhabe namakhabe, kepha futhi kungonakalisa kakhulu umhlaba ngokuwukhipha. Izithiyo azihlali zisindisa isivuno kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwe-porcupine - izisusa ezinamandla futhi ezibukhali zaleli pende zivumela ukuba zinqume ngisho nasesibeni se-wire. Ama-Porcupines avame ukudonsa emvinjini wokunisela ukuphuza amanzi. Ukuqothulwa kwama-porcupines njengezinambuzane kungenye yezizathu zokushushiswa kwabantu esikhathini esedlule. Namuhla, lapho ama-porcupines esencane kakhulu, ukulimala kwawo akunakubhekwa njengokubalulekile.
Inyama ye-porcupine ihamba kahle, imhlophe, ithambile futhi inejusi - ifana nenyama yerabi, kepha idlula ngokunambitha. Ukuzingela inyama kuyisizathu sesibili esenza ukuthi ama-porcupine ashushiswe (yize kungebona bonke abantu abajwayele i-porcupine abayidlayo). Manje ukuzingela i-porcupine ikakhulu kuyimidlalo emvelo. Ukuzingela okuyisipesheli akuvamile ukwenziwa - imvamisa ama-porcupines abanjwa lapho, azingela omunye umdlalo. Ukuzingela okusebenzayo kakhulu ngesibhamu. I-Porcupine ingaba yingozi kakhulu ekuzingeleni izinja, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlangabezana nayo okokuqala.
Ama-Porcupines ahlala kahle ekuthunjweni. Akhula ngokushesha, ande kahle futhi aphile iminyaka engama-20.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-porcupines ahlala e-Italy futhi amelela ifomu elifanayo le-morphological nama-porcupines aseNyakatho ne-Afrika ayengahlali njalo kuma-Apennines, kepha alethwa lapho amaRoma, ayeyithanda kakhulu inyama ye-porcupine.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
I-Asia ne-Afrika yizindawo zomdabu ze-porcupine. Babhekwa njengezinambuzane ezingathi sína kulo lonke elaseKenya, ngenxa yobuningi babo nothando lwabo lwezitshalo. Ama-Porcupines angatholakala naseNingizimu Melika naseNyakatho Melika. Ama-Porcupines ayathanda ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo ezinamadwala, kanye nasezitebhisini nasemithambekeni emnene. Bangabhukudi abahle futhi abakhweli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umsebenzi omningi walezi zilwane kwenzeka ebusuku. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sosuku bathanda ukulala emizini yabo, usengahlangana nabo.
Ngokuvamile ama-Porcupines ahlala eduze nesifunda sokuhlalwa kwabantu. Ukukhetha okunjalo kuqhutshwa isifiso sokuthola usawoti. Bazama ukuyithola ngokugoqa ngopende, iminyango, iplywood nezinye izinto abangazithola kuzo. Kungakho ezindaweni eziningi abantu beye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze babasuse. Lapho befuna amanzi amasha, izingcezwana zivame ukungena emgcekeni wezakhiwo zamafulethi, zichithe izingulube zamanzi namaphayiphu ngamazinyo nezimpelesi. Ngeke futhi zivinjwe ngocingo lwensimbi. Ngosizo lwamazinyo abo anamandla, bayaluma kalula.
Ama-Porcupines, njengomthetho, aqala indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuzalela noma lapho kudingeka ukunakekela ngokuhlanganyela inzalo encane. Kodwa-ke, angaba namakhaya abo eduze komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, emihumeni, izihlahla noma izingodo ezineminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Ama-Porcupines awazifihli, abekezelela ngisho nesimo sezulu esingesihle, esibandayo ngaphakathi kwamakhaya abo.
Mangaki ama-porcupines ahlala
Ngokwemininingwane eqoshiwe, i-porcupine ehlala isikhathi eside kunazo zonke ngo-2011 e-zoo igubha usuku lwayo lokuzalwa lwamashumi amathathu.. Endle, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zilwane sisukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kwengamashumi amabili. Kulezi zinsuku, benolwazi oluningi mayelana nama-porcupines, bakwazile ukuzilawula nokuzigcina zithunjiwe. Izimo ezivunywa kakhudlwana zokuvalelwa, yilapho isilwane esinamahloni siphila isikhathi eside. Ingathengwa njengesilwane ezimakethe zezimbaza noma ezitolo ezikhethekile zezilwane.
Izinhlobo zePorcupine
Ama-Porcupines anezinhlobo eziningi. Abadume kakhulu kubona ngabamele iMalay, South Africa, Javanese, Crested kanye nabamele amaNdiya. Ngamagama kuyacaca ukuthi imvelaphi yawo ihlobene ngqo nendawo yokuhlala izilwane. Futhi, i-porcupine yaseNingizimu Afrika ayifuni kule ndawo. Lesi silo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-25 esisindo.
Futhi ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-80 ubude. Zonke izinhlobo zezembozo zezitshalo zaseNingizimu Afrika zilingana naye, ngaphandle kwendawo enamahlathi. Futhi kuleli lizwekazi kukhona nezinye izinhlobo - i-carp-tailed porcupine. Ekupheleni kokuphela kwendawo yayo kukhona amakhekhe amhlophe. ESumatra naseBorneo, kutholakala i-porcupine ende enomsila. Izinaliti zakhe ziyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlukanisa izinhlobo. Ziguquguqukayo kakhulu, zimfishane futhi zizacile, okunikeza umbono wokuba ne-bristles nje eqinile. Ubhekana kahle nezihlahla ezikhuphukayo futhi ubukeka njengegundane elikhulu elimanzi.
Futhi kwiSumatra kukhona iSparatran porcupine. Alilikhulu ngosayizi, isisindo salo alidluli kumakhilogremu angama-5.5, futhi ukuphakama kwalo ngamasentimitha angama-56. Unezinalithi ezifanayo ezondile ezifana noboya, kepha zimhlophe ngamathiphu. Le porcupine ihlala esiqhingini saseSumatra kuphela. I-porcupine porcupine idabuka eBorneo. Ungaphezulu kweSumatran, izinaliti zakhe ziqinile. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zasendle, zingabonakala ezigcawini zasemadolobheni, lapho zidla khona izithelo nemifino izakhamizi zendawo nezivakashi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zohlobo lwezinsizwa yi-porcupine eqoqiwe. Kutholakala eNdiya, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, Eningizimu Yurophu, nasezindaweni zase-Asia Minor naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ama-porcupines aseMelika anezinhlobo ezimbili: INyakatho Melika kanye neNingizimu Melika. Ezangaphambili zimbozwe ngemijondolo yomzimba wonke, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakeme endaweni yomsila. Okwesibili, banesici esisodwa esihlukile - benyuka izihlahla ngokuphelele futhi bahlomisa nezindlu zabo lapho. Futhi kule ndima kunezinhlobo ezinamathela ngomsila wazo omude kumagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla. Ubude bomsila onjalo esilwaneni esidala bufika kumasentimitha angama-45.
I-porcupine yaseNdiya, ephikisana negama layo, ayisivamile eNdiya kuphela. Ungahlangana naye eSouth and Central Asia, eCaucasus naseKazakhstan. IJavanese porcupine ingabonakala e-Indonesia, naseMalay - China, eThailand, eNdiya, eVietnam, eziqhingini ezimbalwa nasezinhlonhlweni, naseNepal. Ngokwemvelo, ama-porcupines abhekwa njengezilwane zasezintabeni. Zihlala ngokunethezeka emigodini yazo, yize zivame ukuhlala emigodini yezihlahla noma emihumeni. Isilwane simba imigodi emide, sihlotshiswe ngemisinga ngemigudu eminingana.
Ukudla kwe-Porcupine
Ukudla kwe-rodent kufaka phakathi i-rhizomes yezitshalo nezihlahla, ama-apula, kanye nezithelo ze-hawthorn ne-rose okhalweni. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ama-porcupine adla ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zezitshalo eziluhlaza, ama-rhizomes awo aqhakazile. AmaTubers nama-bulbs kuyasetshenziswa. Ngokuvunwa kwekwindla, ukudla kuyacetshiswa. Inezinhlaka, amagilebhisi, i-alfalfa, kanye nethanga lakho eliyintandokazi namakhukhamba, ezingantshontshwa ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu. Imihlathi namazinyo ayo aqine futhi anamandla kangangokuba ngeke kube nzima ngegundane ukugoqa induku yensimbi.
Lezi zidondolo ezindaweni zazo eziningi zokuhlala zibalwa njengezinambuzane. Imayelana nothando lwezilwane ngezimpande. Futhi ngesifiso sokuthola inzuzo kumifino emnandi, akesabi ukuya kudoba ezweni elilandelayo lokulima, ebhubhisa isivuno. Ubhatata noma ithanga kuphakathi kwezilimo eziyizintandokazi zasekhaya.Ukuthambekisela phezulu ithanga elimnandi, i-porcupine ngentokozo kungenza kube nemisindo econsayo futhi emangazayo. Futhi, lezi zilwane zilimaza isimo sehlathi. Inkinga yonke uthando lwamagxolo ezihlahla namagatsha amancanyana. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sobusika, yi-porcupine eyodwa kuphela endala engabulala cishe izihlahla eziyikhulu.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ukuphela kwehlobo nokuqala kwekwindla isikhathi semidlalo esebenzayo yokuzalela phakathi kwama-porcupines. Zizala kanye ngonyaka. Ukuheha umuntu angahlanganyele naye ocansini, enza imisindo eminingi ekhethekile. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi basebenzisa isitayela esihlukile sokwenza imisindo, esabisa abanye abesilisa - abangahle bancintisane nabo. Lapho ukhetha owesilisa, imithetho yalokhu kukhethwa kwemvelo iyasebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi, abancinza baziphatha kabi kakhulu, ngoba kuphela abanamandla, abanesibindi kakhulu futhi abanesibindi bazothola ithuba lokuba ngumuntu wesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isitayela sokuthandana kowesifazane ezinhlanzini, ukusibeka ngobumnene - siyamangaza. Amadoda aqala ukudansa umdanso wokuphelisa, bese echama kowesifazane ukuze adonsele ukunaka kwakhe. Inyunyana ye-porcupine ihlala isikhashana. Lo mbhangqwana uhlala ndawonye isikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-7 emva kokuzalwa kokuhlakazeka, sebewufezile umsebenzi wabo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, umsebenzi oyinhloko walo mbhangqwana ukukhiqiza nokukhulisa inzalo. Ngokuvamile kunamawundlu ambalwa kulitha. Inani labo lingafinyelela kusuka kwelilodwa kuya kwelesihlanu. Kepha kuvame kakhulu ukuzalwa kwengane eyodwa noma okumbili. Ama-porcupines asanda kuzalwa asevele enamanyala futhi ekwazi ukugibela izihlahla, kepha asengozini enkulu, ngoba azalelwa emhlabeni enenaliti ezithambile impela. Bahlala nonina isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuba bangene emhlabeni impilo yokuzimela, nengabantu abadala.