Kukhona inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-falcon. Amaphiko ayo angaba ngu-135 cm. Ngokwezinto zayo ezingaphandle, ifana kancane ne-peregrine falcon, kuphela umsila wayo mude ngokuqhathaniswa.
Kubizwe lokhu inyoni gyrfalcon. Kusukela ngekhulu le-12, leli gama latholakala ku "IZwi ku-Igor's Regiment". Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Cishe ifana negama lesiHungary elithi "kerecheto", "kerechen" futhi liye lakhunjulwa kusukela ngesikhathi sobukhona be-pramadyar esifundeni sase-Ugra.
Abamele abakhulu balesi sigaba nabo banesisindo esikhudlwana. Owesifazane, futhi uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesilisa, unesisindo esingama-1.5 kg, kuthi owesilisa abe ngu-1 kg. Bukela i isithombe se-bird gyrfalcon, singaphetha ngokuthi baneplamu elihle, okungenakwenzeka ukuthi unganaki. Ukwahlulela incazelo yenyoni ye-gyrfalcon, ngombala wayo, amathoni akhanyayo agqamile, kufaka phakathi izikhathi zobumnyama.
Isibonelo, ama-gyrfalcons ngombala onsundu ngombala, izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamaphethini amnyama esiswini. Ingxenye yomlomo wenyoni cishe ihlala ihambisana nomucu omnyama obonakalayo. Ama-Gyrfalcons athambekele kwi-polymorphism; kuzo zonke izinyoni, umbala wezinqwaba unomehluko obonakalayo.
Kukhona nabantu abamnyama bobulili obubuthakathaka. Banesimo sezinyo sabo bonke ama-falcons ku-mandible. Amaphayi ngama-gyrfalcons aphuzi. Ubude benyoni bungama-55-60 cm. Umzimba wabo mkhulu, unamaphiko amade nomsila. Izwi labo liyabonakala phezulu.
Esithombeni, gyrfalcon emnyama
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-gyrfalcon
Le nyoni ithanda izindawo ezibandayo. Shono nabo babizwa inyoni ye-gyrfalcon tundra. Izindawo ezingama-Arctic nezingaphansi kwe-North America, i-Asia ne-Europe yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngama-gyrfalcons. I-Altai, iTien Shan, iGreenland kanye ne-Commander Islands zicebile kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni ezinhle.
Kuya ebusika gyrfalcon bird inyamazane ethandwayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Kepha kukhona izinyoni ezihlala phakathi kwazo. Bahlala ikakhulukazi eGreenland, eLapland naseTaimyr. Bahlala lapho ehlathini-tundra, kanye nasentabeni yehlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokufuduka okume mpo.
Isibonelo, ama-gyrfalcons ase-Central Asia ehlela esigodini se-alpine. Lezi zinyoni zidlangile eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussian Federation. Ingxenye eseningizimu yesifunda saseMagadan kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho yeKamchatka, zikhetha izidleke, futhi entwasahlobo ziyabuya. Kulokhu, abantu babiza umgcini we-gyrfalcon goose host.
Izimpiko ze-gyrfalcon cishe zingama-135 cm.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni gyrfalcon
Lezi zinyoni ezinkulu zinamazinga athile okulala. Abazihluphi ngekhaya labo futhi abahlali bekhathazeka ngemicabango yokwakhiwa kwe-ego. Imvamisa, izidleke zezikhonyane, okhozi lwegolide nezinkozi ziba yisiphephelo esihle kuzo. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuba nezidleke ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu uhlala anelisekile futhi azikho izimo ezingqubuzanayo.
Isici esibalulekile ekukhetheni ikhaya lama-gyrfalcons ukuhamba kwaso kanye nokungabikho kwanoma yimuphi umakhelwane. Ngemuva kokunqamula ingqophamlando yonyaka, izinyoni ziqala ukwenza imisebenzi yazo zifuna izithandani zazo, bese, ngokubambisana nazo, zibhekane nodaba lokuzala kabusha.
Esithombeni isidleke se-gyrfalcon esinamachwane
Amadwala amatshe noma imigwaqo emincane yindawo efanelekile yokwakha ama-gyrfalcons. Umuzi wabo awuphephile neze futhi udlula kude. Ibukeka inesizotha, inama moss ezansi, izimpaphe noma utshani obomile.
Ngenxa yokuthi inyoni ngokwayo inkulu futhi izidleke zayo zikhulu. Ububanzi besidleke se-gyrfalcon cishe buyi-1 m, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungama-0.5 m. Kube nezimo lapho izizukulwane eziningana zalezi zinyoni zihlala ezidlekeni ezinje. Lesi ngesinye izinto ezithokozisayo nge-gyrfalcon.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-gyrfalcons abelokhu elungiswa njengabasizi abahlakaniphile ekuzingeleni. Lokhu bekungewona umsebenzi wobuciko, kepha kufana nesiko lemfashini, elifanayo namabhola namaqembu esidlo sakusihlwa. Ukuba ne-gyrfalcon kwakubhekwa njengemfashini futhi akujwayelekile kwabaningi.
Ama-Gyrfalcons asetshenziswa njengomsizi wokuzingela
Ngosizo lwakhe, umnikazi wazama ukuvelela phakathi kwabanye. I-gyrfalcon emhlophe ibilokhu inikezwe ukhetho olukhethekile. Ukuze uthole ulimi olujwayelekile ngesikhathi sezingxoxo futhi ufinyelele esivumelwaneni sobabili, ama-gyrfalcons alethwa njengesipho.
Futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa kwama-tsars eRussia bekukhona ngisho isikhundla esinjalo - i-falconer. Izindawo lapho zigcinwa khona lezi nyoni zabizwa ngokuthi i-krechatny. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lokuzingela luyenziwa luvuseleleke, kepha luyabonakala ukubukeka kwezemidlalo. Abaningi bathi ngenxa yokuzingela okunjalo, umoya weqhawe ubuya, umongo wangempela womuntu waseRussia uvuka.
Izithombe nencazelo yenyoni eyi-gyrfalcon ikhombisa wonke amandla akhe namandla. Awukwazi ukukuthatha ngokungathi sína. Yize kunjalo, ungumuntu wezimpawu eziningi ezinhle okufanele zibe ngokoqobo kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ozihloniphayo.
Umsoco
Ezinye izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo zifakiwe ekudleni kwe-gyrfalcon. Banendlela efanayo yokuzingela njengawo wonke ama-falconers. Babona isisulu sabo sivela phezulu, ngokushesha bawa phansi bese banamathela kuso ngezinsolo zazo eziqinile. Babulala inyamazane yabo ngaso leso sikhathi, ngoba baluma amakhanda abo ngomlomo futhi bamphule intamo. Babamba izinyoni emoyeni. Uma bengakwazi ukubhekana nabo emoyeni, bawela phansi bese beqeda umsebenzi abawuqalile.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-gyrfalcons athanda izigcawu, izinyoni zasogwadule, amaqhubu nezinyamazane ezincane ezinamabala amancane. Ama-voles, hares, ama-gophers, nawo, abhujiswa ngokushesha ngama-gyrfalcons, lapho nje evela emehlweni awo. Kunezikhathi lapho lezi zinyoni zingadeleli isidumbu. Lokhu akuvamile, kepha kuyenzeka.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ama-Gyrfalcons athola umbhangqwana kanye. Abesifazane abazihluphi ngokwakha isidleke esikhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhethwe umugqa wedwala, futhi isidleke selivele sibekwe phezu kwalo ngotshani, moss kanye nezimpaphe.
Kwesinye isikhathi, njengoba sekushiwo, ukuthola okwezindlu zisebenzisa izidleke zabanye abantu. Zingahlala esidlekeni esisodwa iminyaka embalwa. Isikhathi esinjalo ithola ukubukeka okuqinile ngokwengeziwe futhi kukhuphuke ngosayizi kancane. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ama-gyrfalcons ayakwazi ukuzala izingane.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ama-1 kuye kwangama-5. Zingaphezu kwebhokisi lomentshisi futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-60. Kuphela insikazi ibamba amaqanda. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uthatha konke ukumkhathalela. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke somzali, kuthi ngemuva kwezine azimele ngokuphelele.
Kufanekiselwa amachwane e-gyrfalcon esidlekeni
Ama-Gyrfalcons ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Thenga inyoni ye-gyrfalcon hhayi elula. Okwamanje, kungukutholakala nempahla yangempela ebalulekile. Ukuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwayo kubhekwa njengobugebengu besifundazwe futhi kuyajeziswa ngaphansi kwazo zonke izihloko zemithetho. Intengo yezinyoni ze-gyrfalcon iqala kusuka kumadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.
Incazelo
Okukhulu kunakho konke kwama-falcons. Amaphiko angaba ngu-120- 135 cm ubude ubude bubalelwa ku-55-60 cm. Owesifazane mkhulu kakhulu kunowesilisa, isisindo sakhe sifinyelela ku-2 kg, isisindo sowesilisa sicishe sibe ngaphezulu kwe-1 kg. Umzimba mkhulu, amathebula anombala 2/3 wobude, amaphiko mide futhi abukhali, umsila ubude.
Umbala we-gyrfalcon yaseSiberia ulula (ulula kune-Lapland gyrfalcon), kepha uhlukahluka: usuka ku-brownish-grey uye ucishe ube mhlophe ngaphezulu, uhlangothi olucwengekileyo lucwebe ngephethini emnyama. Imisipha emnyama esinqeni somlomo ("amadevu") icishe ingabonakali. On umlomo, njengawo wonke ama-falcons, izinyo eliyisimilo. Amaphaphu aphuzi. Ijubane lokundiza liphezulu, ngemuva kokushaya iminyakazo embalwa inyoni ijaha ngokushesha, ayikhuphuki. I-gyrfalcon ehleliwe igcinwe iqondile.
I-gyrfalcon ifana ne-peregrine falcon, kepha inkulu futhi inomsila omude. Izwi liyafana nezwi le-peregrine falcon, kodwa liphokophele futhi liphansi: hoarse “kyak-kyak-kyak” noma i- “kek-kek-kek” ende. Entwasahlobo ingenza i-trill ethule futhi ephezulu. Izindawo eziseningizimu esezintabeni - i-Altai gyrfalcon, ochwepheshe abaningi ababheka okuyi-subspecies noma i-morph ye-Saker Falcon - ihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama ngokufana.
Ukubhebhetheka
Izindawo ezise-Arctic nezingaphansi kwe-Europe, i-Asia neNyakatho Melika, i-subspecies ehlukile iyatholakala e-Altai, Sayan, maphakathi (mhlawumbe empumalanga) iTien Shan. Amaphuzu asenyakatho kakhulu aseGreenland ku-82 ° 15 's. w. no-83 ° 45 ', okuningizimu impela, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisezintabeni nezase-Asiya - maphakathi neScandinavia, Commander Islands (Bering Island, cishe 55 ° N). Ngenkathi ebandayo, kufinyelela ku-60 ° C. w. bonke ngaphakathi. IMelika, i-Asia, i-Europe, abantu ngaseningizimu.
Izici zokunciphisa
Ama-Gyrfalcons ayashabalala ngenxa yokuzingela, kanti eNyakatho abuye abambe izicupho, ikakhulukazi kwezokudoba ama-arctic: Ezingwombeni zeTaimyr zezimpungushe ze-arctic zibekwe obala, ezindulini zemvelo nezokufakelwa. Uma zingahlomele ukuvikela izigxobo, ama-gyrfalcons afudukela e-tundra ekwindla, awasebenzisele ukuhlasela, awele ezingibeni futhi afe. Kuphela kuzindawo ezimbili zokuzingela eNtshonalanga Taimyr enendawo ephelele engamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane ezimbili ngoNovemba-Disemba 1980-1981. Amanga ayi-12 abhubha kwizicupho ze-arctic.
Ukuzingela kwe-Gyrfalcon
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ama-gyrfalcons ayebhekwa kakhulu njengezinyoni ezizingelayo ku-falconry (bheka i-Falcons) futhi umkhumbi okhethekile wama-gyrfalcons uthunyelwa nguhulumeni eDenmark minyaka yonke ukusuka eDenmark.
Ama-gyrfalcons asebenza njengezinyoni ezizingelayo, ahlukaniswe amhlophe K. (Falco candicans, groenlandicus) - okuhamba phambili nokubaluleke kakhulu, i-Icelandic K. (F. Islandicus), isiNorway noma ejwayelekile (“grey”) K. (F. hyrfalco) no-K. obomvu. (F. sacer) - manje sekuthokozelwa kakhulu emazweni aseMiddle East, nasemakhulwini eminyaka adlule naseFrance, eNgilandi nasekuzingeleni kukaTsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ababeklwelwe e-Arkhangelsk Bay. naseSiberia. Ama-gyrfalcons angawezinyoni ezindiza kakhulu ezindizayo (i-haut-vol), futhi aphonswa phansi ukuba adle - "ayishaya" phezulu, kwesinye isikhathi ayibambe ngezihlakala zayo ayithathe nayo noma ayibulale kuphela ngamandla wethonya [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-3895 ]. Ngalezi zinhloso, ama-falcons atshalwa ezindaweni zokufunda ezikhethekile, eRussia indawo enkulisa enjalo ikhona endaweni ebekelwe uGalichya Gora.
Abazingeli
Ukubamba le nyoni, ethunyelwa phesheya, iyathandwa eRussia; izindleko zenyoni eyodwa zingama- $ 30,000 ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe. I-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (i-Article 258.1) ihlinzeka iminyaka engafika kwengu-4 ejele ngokubanjwa nokukhangiswa kwama-gyrfalcons nezinye izinyoni zeRed Book, kanye nenhlawulo enkulu yokuphatha.
Ukubukeka
Izimpiko ze-gyrfalcon zingama-120-135 cm ubude bomzimba obu-55-60 cm. Owesifazane mkhulu futhi unesisindo esiphindwe kabili njengowesilisa: isisindo sowesilisa singaphezu kuka-1000 g, izinsikazi zibalelwa ku-1500-22000 g. Umzimba we-gyrfalcon ukhulu, amaphiko abukhali futhi mude, ubala. amathambo phakathi komlenze neminwe) asekelwa ku-2/3 wobude, umsila ubude.
Umbala wama-gyrfalcons wehluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-polymorphism iyabonakala. I-plumage iminyene, ifakwe uphawu, ngombala ingaba mpunga, nsundu, isiliva, imhlophe, ibomvu. Umbala omnyama uvame kakhulu kubantu besifazane. Izikhungo eziseningizimu zimnyama kakhulu. Abesilisa bavame ukuba namapheya ansundu akhanyayo, futhi isisu sabo esimhlophe singahlotshiswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene namabala. Imisipha emnyama esinqeni somlomo ("amadevu") ku-gyrfalcon ivezwa buthaka. Throat nezihlathi kumhlophe. Amehlo ahlala emnyama ngesimo sokubukeka okukhulu. Ibanga, okuphezulu ezinyangeni ezindala kubukeka kumnyama, phansi kumhlophe, kanti i-gyrfalcon encane ibukeka imnyama ngaphezulu nangaphansi. Amawashi enyoni aphuzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! IGyrfalcon ithola umbala wokugcina wabantu abadala ngeminyaka engama-4-5.
Indiza iyashesha, ngemuva kokushaya imichilo embalwa i-gyrfalcon isheshe ithathe isivinini bese indiza ngokushesha ibheke phambili. Lapho uphishekela isisulu nokuhudula okuvela phezulu, ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika kumamitha ayikhulu ngomzuzwana. Isici esingahlukani: sikhuphuka hhayi endaweni eyindilinga, kodwa sibheke. Hovering akuvamile, kaningi lapho ukuzingela isebenzisa indiza yokuhlela nokushayela, kuvame ukuhlala obala nangokuqondile ezindaweni eziphakeme e-tundra. Izwi liyabhonga.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Uhola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke futhi azingele phakathi nosuku. Isisulu singakhonjwa ngokuba kude kakhulu kuye: ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha. Lapho izingela, igxumela kuyo ngetshe elivela phezulu, ilibambe ngezihlakala futhi ilume intamo yayo. Uma kungenzeki ukubulala isisulu emoyeni, i-gyrfalcon iyashona ibuye nayo phansi, lapho iqeda khona. Izimbotshana zama-gyrfalcons, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, ukuzingela ngakunye, kodwa ukuze zingalahli umbono womlingani wazo.
Ukuze izidleke, yakhetha indawo enamadwala neziqhingi, imifula kanye nezigodi ichibi elinamadwala, iribhoni noma amahlathi esiqhingi, i-tundra yezintaba kuze kufike ku-1300 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukufuya ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula, kugwema abantu. Umgomo oyisisekelo wokukhethwa kwendawo ukutholakala nokuchichima kokudla. Umuntu kudala wasebenzisa izimfanelo zokuzingela izisulu ezinamazinyo ngesikhathi sokuzingela. I-grisfalcon emhlophe yase-Icelandic yathathwa njengeyabaluleke kakhulu. Wayewuphawu lokuvelela namandla, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseningizimu, futhi akuyena wonke umuntu owayevunyelwe ukuthola izinyoni ezinjalo. Namuhla usengozini kakhulu kubazingeli.
Ngabe i-gyrfalcon ihlala malini?
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuba namaphiko, ngokusho kwezifundo ze-ornithological, kuze kube sekufeni kwemvelo, lo mdwebi onemibala angaphila iminyaka eyi-20. Impilo yama-gyrfalcons athunjiwe ingaba mfushane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma inyoni yathathwa isebudaleni. Inqubo yokuqamba i-gyrfalcon nayo ayizange ihlukane ngesihe esikhethekile. Ekudingisweni, ama-gyrfalcons awazaleli, ngoba awazitholi izimo ezifanele, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kufa inyoni, umzingeli umane athenge entsha, ebeka isiheho, futhi konke kwaqala kabusha.
I-Habitat, indawo yokuhlala ye-gyrfalcon
Singasho ukuthi le nyoni ivumelana nezindawo eziyintandokazi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyafuduka, kepha ezinye azidingi ukuzulazula, futhi zihlala ehlathini-tundra kanye ne strip yehlathi.
Sisatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwe-arctic nase-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ezinye izinhlobo zahlala e-Altai naseTien Shan. Amaphoyinti asenyakatho kakhulu lapho kuphawulwa khona i-gyrfalcon yiGreenland kuma-82 ° 15 ′ s. w. kanye ne-83 ° 45'a, eningizimu impela, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisezintabeni zase-Eshiya - maphakathi neScandinavia, eBering Island, cishe ngo-55 ° c. w. Ingafuduka kancane isuka ezindaweni ezihlala ezintabeni ziye esifundeni.
Lezi zinyoni zidlangile eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia.. Ukuze zidleke, zikhetha izindawo ezisenyakatho yeKamchatka nengxenye eseningizimu yesifunda saseMagadan, futhi entwasahlobo ziyabuya. Kulokhu, i-gyrfalcon ibizwa nge- "goose host". Okuthunyelwe okuthandwayo kokubukwa kwe-gyrfalcon kuyimigwaqo enamatye enikeza umbono omuhle wale ndawo. Ogwini olusenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeScandinavia, i-gyrfalcon ihlala emadwaleni kanye nemikhonya yezinye izinyoni.
Ingandizela kude olwandle lapho ifuna inyamazane phakathi kokuwa kweqhwa. Imvamisa, izinyoni ezincane ezineminyaka eyodwa noma ezimbili zindizela eningizimu ziyofuna ukudla. Ebusika, ama-gyrfalcons avela ogwini, emaqeleni nasezindaweni zezolimo, kuthi entwasahlobo abuyele enyakatho. Ama-gyrfalcons aseYurophu azulazula ebusika, eGreenland kwesinye isikhathi ubusika e-Iceland, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze aye naseningizimu eseningizimu.
Ukudla kwe-Gyrfalcon
IGyrfalcon inyamazane, futhi isebenza kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinegazi ezifudumele: izinyoni, izinduku nezilwane ezincane. Lokhu kungumzingeli onekhono, futhi njengomthetho, akukho ukusindiswa kwesisulu okuhlosiwe. Indlela yokuzingela i-gyrfalcon iyefana nakwamanye ama-falcons. Ugoqa amaphiko akhe, ahudulele ngokushesha isisulu esivela phezulu, anamathele kwizandla zakhe abese ephila ngaso leso sikhathi.
Usuku ngalunye, i-gyrfalcon idla cishe ama-200 g enyama. Ukudla kwakhe akuthandayo ngamabala amhlophe ne-tundra. Ubuye azingele amahansi, imidlwane, ama-skuas, ama-waners, amadada kanye nama-eels. Ngisho nezikhova zilidla ilifa lazo - zombili, i-tundra, nehlathi. I-gyrfalcon ngeke yenqabe ukudla nge-hare, i-lemming, i-gopher, i-vole.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umthetho wezemvelo ongabhaliwe awuvumeli i-gyrfalcon ukuthi ihlasele izinyoni endaweni yendlu yakhe, noma kwabanye abafowethu. Indawo yokuzingela nendawo yokudlela ye-gyrfalcons ngayinye iyagcinwa futhi ivikelweke njengabafokazi-abangeneleli.
Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane yaso iba yizinhlanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ama-amphibians. Kuyaqabukela, uma kungekho okunye ukudla, angadla i-carrion.IGyrfalcon iphatha inyamazane ngokwayo, iyisikle, iyiklebhule ibe yizicucu eduze kwesidleke bese iyayidla, bese kuthi izinsalela ezingapheli - isikali, amathambo nezinsiba ezincane - burp. Kodwa-ke, akahleleli i-canteen esidlekeni sayo. Ukuhlanzeka kubusa lapho. Futhi inyamazane yaletha amachwane, amahloka abesifazane nezinye izinyembezi ngaphandle esidlekeni.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ubungako obuphakathi bokuhlala kwe-gyrfalcon cishe buwubhangqa owodwa endaweni eyi-100 km 2. IGyrfalcon ikhula ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila futhi ngalesisikhathi isivele ithola umngane womshado. Inyoni eyinduna. Inyunyana yakhelwe impilo, kuze kufe omunye wabalingani.
Lo mbhangqwana ukhetha ukungasonteli isidleke sazo, kepha ukuhlala esakhiwe nge-buzzard, ukhozi lwegolide noma amagwababa akha kuso. Noma ahlela isidleke phakathi kwamadwala, ohlangothini, phakathi kwamatshe, abeke utshani, izimpaphe nezindunduma lapho. Indawo ekhethiwe ayikho ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-9 ukusuka emhlabathini.
Izidleke zama-gyrfalcons zingaba ngamamitha ububanzi futhi zifike kuhafu wemitha ngokujulile. Ama-Gyrfalcons ajwayele ukubuyela endaweni edlekayo unyaka nonyaka. Kunamacala owaziwayo wokukhishwa kwenzalo yezizukulwane eziningi zama-gyrfalcons esidlekeni esifanayo. NgoFebhuwari nangoMashi, amadamu okukhwelana aqala kuma-gyrfalcons, kuthi ngo-Ephreli insikazi ivele ibeke amaqanda - eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye ngezinsuku ezintathu. Amaqanda mancane, acishe acishe afane nenkukhu, ngalinye linesisindo esingama-60 g. Ku-clutch kunamaqanda afinyelela kwayi-7 anombala omhlophe onamabala avuthiwe.
Kubalulekile! Akunandaba ukuthi amaqanda amangaki abekwe, ama-2-3 kuphela amachwane anamandla azosinda.
Owesifazane kuphela oqanda amaqanda, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uyazingela amlethele ukudla. Isikhathi sokubopha siyizinsuku ezingama-35. Amathanga azalwa, embozwe nge-beige, emhlophe noma ekhanyayo grey fluff. Lapho inzalo inamandla futhi inamandla ngokwengeziwe, insikazi nayo iqala ukuzingela izingane, ibashiye isikhashana. Umama nobaba baletha inyamazane esidlekeni, bayiklebhule futhi bondle amantshontsho.
IGyrfalcon iyinyoni enesibindi ngendlela emangalisayo; ngeke ishiye isidleke, noma ngabe isisulu esikhulu siyasondela kuyo, kepha siyohlasela lowo ongena kuyo, sivikele izingane. Lapho i-fluff yosana ematshaneni ithathelwa indawo yipulamu engapheli, abazali baqala ukuyifundisa ukundiza nokuzingela. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe amasonto angama-7-8 wokuphila kwamachwane. Ngenyanga yesi-4 - lokhu kuphakathi nokuphela kwehlobo - ukuxhumana nabazali kuhamba kancane futhi kunciphe, futhi izinyoni ezincane ziqale impilo ezimele.
Izitha zemvelo
Ubutha bukhona ngesisekelo esilinganayo kuphela ngokhozi lwegolide. Zonke ezinye izinyoni ziyamgwema noma, ngencazelo, azikwazi ukukala amandla azo naye, ngisho nokhozi alwesabi ukuhlasela i-crest noma ukumphonsela inselelo. Futhi yini esingayisho ngezinyoni uma ama-gyrfalcons ayesetshenziselwa ukuzingela amabele nezinsini.
Ukulimala okuningi kakhulu kubemi be-gyrfalcon kubangelwa ngumuntu. Kuyo yonke iminyaka, abantu baye bazama ukuphatha isithombe senyoni edla inyama ukuze baphakamise umsizi wayo. Ngenqubo le, ama-gyrfalcons amaningi, abancane nabadala, kanye nabesifazane esidlekeni, ashiye ngaphandle kwendoda futhi engakwazi ukushiya inzalo umzuzwana, abulawa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo
Njengamanje, zingaphezulu kwenkulungwane kuphela zama-gyrfalcons ahlala endaweni yaseRussia. Lesi yisilinganiso esiphansi esiyinhlekelele. Ukwehla kwenani labantu kuchazwa ngumsebenzi wabazingeli. Inyoni eyodwa ingabiza ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30, futhi kukhona abalandeli abaningi be-falconry phesheya: bekulokhu kuthandwa eMpumalanga futhi kubuyele imfashini eNtshonalanga.
Kubalulekile! Ama-gyrfalcons amaningi abhubha ngengozi engenangqondo kwizicupho ezibekelwe inyamazane enezinyawo ezine - amahares, izimpungushe ze-arctic, izimpungushe.
Imizamo yokubamba inyoni eqinile eqhoshayo enezandla ezingenayo imvamisa iphela ngokufa kwayo ezifweni eziphephile kubantu, kodwa lapho i-gyrfalcon ingenakugomela kwemvelo khona - yize ngokwemvelo laba badlwengu abanemibala ngokuvamile bengaguli lutho.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-sultans namakhosi kuphela ayengaba nezinyoni ezinjalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-gyrfalcon ibe sesikhathini sethu, kepha inyoni ibona umuntu njengomnikazi wayo kuphela wenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Futhi-ke kuyimvelo enhle kakhulu ukuthi i-gyrfalcon ibe sendalweni, futhi ingasebenzisi ubumnandi bomuntu.
Izwi le-Gyrfalcon
Umsindo we-bird gyrfalcon ufana nezwi le-peregrine falcon, kepha liphansi futhi liyi-coarser. Imisindo eyenziwe yile nyoni izwakala ngumuntu njenge “kyak-kyak” noma i- “kek-kek” enwetshiwe. Njengoba sesibuke izithombe namavidiyo nge-gyrfalcon, siqala ukuqonda ukuthi entwasahlobo lezi zinyoni zakhipha ithreyi ethule futhi iphakeme.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
IGyrfalcon ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke futhi izingela kuphela phakathi nosuku. Ubona umuntu ohlukumezekile, ukude kakhulu naye, okungaphezu kwamakhilomitha. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoni enezinwele iyantshontsha isuka endaweni ephakeme, ibopha imichilo yayo futhi ilume intamo yohlaseli wayo. Uma kungenzeki ukubulala isisulu emoyeni, khona-ke i-gyrfalcon igxumela kanye nayo phansi, lapho iqeda khona. I-pair yama-gyrfalcons, ngaphandle kwesikhathi esidlekayo, iyakwazi ukuzingela iyodwa, kodwa ukuze ingalahli owesifazane.
Lezi zinyoni ezinkulu zinamazinga athile okulala. Azihluphi ngesidleke sazo futhi azivami ukukhathazeka ngemicabango ngokwakhiwa kwaso. Ngokuvamile, izidleke zamagwababa, izinkozi nezinkozi zegolide ziba yisiphephelo esihle sama-gyrfalcons. Izinyoni ezinjalo zinezidleke ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu uzokweneliseka futhi ngeke zibe khona izimo zokuxabana phakathi kwazo.
Into ebalulekile ekukhetheni isidleke se-gyrfalcon ukuhlala kwayo yedwa kanye nokuntuleka komakhelwane. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuphila, lezi zinyoni ziqala ukufuna umlingani, bese zizala nazo kanye.
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwenyoni lukhulu ngokwalo, izidleke zalo zikhulu. Ububanzi besidleke bungaba imitha eyi-1, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha ayi-0.5. Kwenzeka lapho izizukulwane eziningana zama-gyrfalcons zihlala kulezi zidleke.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-gyrfalcon ibilokhu ibhekwa njengomsizi ohlakaniphile ekuzingeleni. Lokhu bekungewona umsebenzi wobuciko, kepha bekubhekwa njengomkhuba wemfashini, onjengamabhola nephathi yokudlela. Ukuba ne-gyrfalcon ekhaya lakho ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyimfashini futhi kuyimbudane.
Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-gyrfalcon
- I-Norre gyrfalcon imvamisa ihlala eLapland, ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe naseScandinavia. Ngokuvamile, i-gyrfalcon iyinyoni efudukayo, kepha lesi sahlulelo siliqiniso ngokwengxenye. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingaxazululeka. Abahlali basezifundeni ezisenyakatho, njengabamele ubukhosi baseNorway, bavame ukuhambela eningizimu lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngokuphathelene nobusika lobu, lezi zinyoni zingabonakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zeCentral Europe, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasezindaweni eziseningizimu kuleli zwekazi.
- I-Ural gyrfalcon, enkulu kunaleyo eyedlule, isatshalaliswa ikakhulu entshonalanga yeSiberia. Ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, le nyoni ingafudukela kwenye indawo. Isibonelo, ama-gyrfalcons alolu hlobo abonwa eningizimu ye-Altai, esifundeni saseBaikal, ngisho nasezifundeni zaseBaltic. Lezi zinyoni ziyahlukahluka kunhlobonhlobo yaseNorway ngombala olula weplamu onomhlobiso obanzi ogelezayo.
- I-gyrfalcon emhlophe ngeNkathi Ephakathi ngesikhathi sokuthandwa kwe-falconry kwakuyizinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekhethiwe ngenxa yobuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho lezi zinyoni zaziyisipho esifanele futhi zethulwe kubaholi bamasosha abavelele nababusi ngezikhathi zokungaboni ngaso linye kwezepolitiki ukuze kufezeke ukuthula, ukuqonda nokuqina. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-gyrfalcons atholakala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nasezindaweni ezibandayo zamakhaza. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuthi anephunga elimhlophe qhwa.
- I-Grey gyrfalcon iyinyoni evame ukutholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSiberia. Ihlukahluka kunhlobonhlobo ye-Ural kuphela kwimininingwane engasho lutho, ikakhulukazi inamamaki ambalwa asemzimbeni emzimbeni. Ngisho nabamele abakhulu kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili abahlukile.
- I-Altai gyrfalcon luhlobo lwenyoni yasezintabeni oluthathwa njengeluvamile. Le nyoni itholakala eningizimu kunezihlobo. Ngaphezu kwe-Altai, ama-gyrfalcons anjalo ajwayelekile ezintabeni zaseTien Shan, Tarbagatai nase Sayan. Amacala okuzulazula kwalezi zinyoni aye eTurkmenistan, eMongolia nasezweni laseSiberia kwaqashelwa. Umbala wezinyoni ezinjalo ufaniswa kakhulu kunowabahlobo, futhi kunezinhlobo ezi-2: ukukhanya nobumnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
I-gyrfalcon ihlala ezifundeni ezibandayo, ngakho-ke le nyoni ayisiyize futhi ibizwa nge- tundra enezinwele.
Izindawo zezulu ezishisayo zase-Arctic nase subarctic zaseNyakatho Melika, i-Asia neYurophu yizindawo ezithandwayo zama-gyrfalcons.
Ubusika bunjenge-gyrfalcon ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Phakathi kwama-gyrfalcons kukhona nezinyoni ezihlala phansi. Bahlala ikakhulukazi eLapland, Greenland naseTaimyr. Lapho, asekelwe esifundeni se-tundra, kanye nasehlathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokufuduka okume mpo.
Ifaka i-gyrfalcon yesondlo
Ezinye izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo zifakiwe ekudleni nasekudleni kwe-gyrfalcon. Indlela yabo yokuzingela iyafana naleyo yabanye abamele umndeni we-falcon. Babona isisulu sabo siqu sivela phezulu, ngokushesha bawele phansi banamathele kuso ngezinsolo zazo eziqinile. Babulala inyamazane yabo ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho inyoni iluma ikhanda ngomlomo wayo futhi yephule intamo yayo. Babamba izinyoni emoyeni. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu emoyeni, khona-ke i-gyrfalcon yehlela emhlabathini bese iqeda umsebenzi uqalile.
Ukuqonda ukuthi i-gyrfalcon idlani, kubalulekile futhi ukuphawula ukuthi le nyoni iyayithanda i-partparges, waders and gulls. Ama-hares, ama-voles kanye nama-squirrel omhlabathi nawo abhujiswa ngokushesha yizinyoni ezinjalo, ngokushesha nje lapho zivela emkhakheni wazo wokubuka. Kwenzeka lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zingadeleli ukugcwala. Kepha lokho akuvamile ukwenzeka.
YINI UKUDLA
Ukudla okuthandwayo kwe-gyrfalcon kumhlophe namabala we-tundra. Ogwini, usebenzisa ama-gulls, izinyoni zasolwandle, amahansi, ama-eels namadada. Le nyoni ilala inyamazane, ihleli phezu kwecala noma esihlahleni. Iqaphela inyamazane, i-gyrfalcon iyaphula futhi ihlasele.
I-Gyrfalcon iyinyoni eqinile ngokweqile engaxosha isisulu kuze kufike kumkhilomitha owodwa. Izikhova, izinyoni zasolwandle kanye nama-skuas zizama ukuphunyuka ku-gyrfalcon, zikhuphukele endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
Ama-Gyrfalcons ajwayele ukuzingela ngababili, eshintshana ngokudlala indima yabashayi. Ebusika, lapho izinyoni zomdlalo ziba zincane, ngababili bama-gyrfalcons avele phakathi kwezihlahla, ngethemba lokuxosha i-parridge lapho. I-gyrfalcon ithatha inyamazane ebanjiwe iye esidlekeni noma eposini layo lokubona, lapho ilaphula izicucu bese iyidla. Izinsalela, njengezimpaphe namathambo isisu asikwazi ukumba, ukuqhuma.
Ama-Gyrfalcons ahlala ku-tundra futhi adla izimbotshana ngama-lemmings, ama-squirrel omhlaba kanye nama-hares amhlophe, futhi ngisho nababambayo kanye nezinhlanzi bayabanjwa esikhathini sendlala. Eminyakeni enenombolo ephansi yamadolobha, lezi zinyoni azidli, ngakho eminyakeni ehlukile inani lama-gyrfalcons liyahluka.
LAPHO UKUPHILA
IGyrfalcon ihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufika zezintaba zase-Arctic eduze nase-Arctic Circle. Kuyatholakala nasendaweni ethambile yesimo sezulu - e-tundra nangaphandle kwamahlathi e-coniffort.
Okuthunyelwe okuthandwayo kokubukwa kwe-gyrfalcon kungumugqa wedwala ophakeme onikeza inyoni ukubuka okuhle kwensimu. Ogwini olusenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeScandinavia, i-gyrfalcon ihlala emadwaleni kanye nemikhonya yezinye izinyoni. Ama-gyrfalcons aseYurophu azulazula ebusika.
Imvamisa izinyoni ezincane ezineminyaka eyodwa kuya kwemibili ziya eningizimu ziyofuna ukudla. Ebusika, ama-gyrfalcons avela ogwini, emaqeleni nasezindaweni zezolimo, kuthi entwasahlobo abuyele enyakatho. Ama-gyrfalcons aseGreenland avame ubusika e-Iceland, futhi kwesinye isikhathi andiza aye eningizimu. Ubungako obuphakathi bokuhlala kwe-gyrfalcon cishe buwubhangqa owodwa endaweni eyi-100 km 2.
Ukusikisela
NgoJanuwari-uFebhuwari, ama-gyrfalcons amaduna aqala ukukhombisa ukungabekezeleli okuphawuliwe kubancintisana. Abesilisa ababamba ubusika eningizimu babuyela ezindaweni zabo zokudlela ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Izinyoni zakha ngababili bese zishintshana ngomdanso wokuphakama phezulu esibhakabhakeni, zamatshe ziwa phansi endaweni eyayikhethwe isidleke. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda esiqwini esingafinyeleleki sedwala noma phakathi kwamatshe. Ngesinye isikhathi ama-gyrfalcons ahlala ezihlahleni ezinde, ahlala ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zamagwababa. Ngo-Ephreli, njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu, insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa njalo, bese ifaka i-clutch, bese iduna limlethela ukudla. Umama uvikela ngokucophelela amachwane ambozwe nge-beige fluff kumakhaza, kanti ubaba uzingela. Ngemuva kokuba amachwane aqine, abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukundiza beyofuna ukudla. Lawa ma-falcons aletha inyamazane esidlekeni, awiklebhule abe yizicucu anikeze namachwane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ibekela amaqanda aze abe mahlanu, imvamisa kuphela amaphuphu amabili noma amathathu aqine kakhulu. On the iphiko baba inyanga nohhafu.
IZIVIVINYO EZIJWAYELEKILE
I-falcon enkulu kunazo zonke. Isisindo sabantu besifazane sifinyelela ku-2 kg, amaphiko ngamasentimitha ayi-135. Bahlala futhi bahlala esidlekeni solwandle olunamadwala, eTundra nasehlathini-tundra. Izindlovu zakhiwe emaphutheni amadwala, emigodini yomoya, evame ukuhlalwa ngabantu abangabazi - izimbungulu, amagwababa. Beka amaqanda ama-3-4 afakwe ngumfazi. Imikhaza ikhula ngokushesha futhi emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5 sezikwazi ukundiza. Ama-Gyrfalcons adla futhi anikeze amachwane nge-lemmings, hares nezinye izilwane ezincane. Umuntu kudala wasebenzisa izimfanelo zokuzingela izisulu ezinamazinyo ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Ngezinsuku zikaKievan Rus nesimo saseMoscow, ama-gyrfalcons ayeyizimpahla ezibiza kakhulu zezwe laseRussia, futhi ngamakhosi kuphela kanye nama-sultans ayengaba nama-gyrfalcons amhlophe. Ngisho namanje, ogwini lolwandle olumnyama lweGagauzia, kuyazingelwa izigwaca, kanti eCentral Asia bazingela inyamazane enkulu ngokhozi lwegolide. Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi yama-falconry, ama-gyrfalcons wokuzingela ayebongwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngamapheya amahle amhlophe qhwa.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Ama-Gyrfalcons asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekubambeni ama-herons kanye nama-cranes - izinyoni azizingelayo endalweni.
- Ngenxa yokushaywa kancane kwamaphiko, i-gyrfalcon ibukeka inciphile kunephergrine falcon, kodwa ngendiza efanayo iyakhula ngesivinini esikhulu.
- USokolniki ububonge kakhulu ubuhle bama-gyrfalcons amhlophe qhwa kusuka ogwini lwaseGreenland. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, lezi zinyoni zijabulise izazi zemvelo, abaculi nezimbongi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uMbusi waseBurgundy wathenga indodana yakhe ekudingisweni eTurkey ngama-gyrfalcons amhlophe ayi-12.
- Amakati angaba nombala ohlukile. Esidlekeni esisodwa, amaphuphu grey angatholakala eduze kwabamhlophe.
- IGyrfalcon ibukwa kakhulu njengenyoni yokuzingela.
IZIPHUMA ZOKUCHWEPHESHE KWECRackET
Beak: ekugcineni kwengxenye engenhla yomlomo kukhona izinyo lophondo, isimilo sabo bonke abamele inqwaba yezinyoka ezinjenge-falcon noma izinyoni ezidla inyama.
I-Plumage: kusuka cishe kumhlophe qhwa (iGreenland neChukotka) kuya kuyi-taupe noma grey (peninsula yaseScandinavia). Esifubeni - iphethini ye-lancet.
Umsila: kwakheka izimpaphe ezinde ezimile ezibanzi.
Indiza: yinde, iyashesha, yize ukunyakaza kwamaphiko kubukeka kuhamba kancane futhi kubuthakathaka. Indiza indiza ngokushintshana futhi iyazulazula.
- I-Habitat ye-gyrfalcon
LAPHO UKUPHILA
IGyrfalcon itholakala ezifundeni ezingaphansi kwe-Iceland, iNorway, iSweden, iFinland, iGreenland, iCanada, i-Alaska kanye neSiberia.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Akusekho amandla okubala ngokunembile isibalo sezinyoni zalolu hlobo ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Inani labantu mhlawumbe likhulu kunokuba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili. KuseNyakatho Yurophu kuphela kusuka kumabhangqwana angama-600 kuya kwangama-1000 esidleke se-gyrfalcons.
Intsha entsha gyrfalcon. Ividiyo (00:04:11)
Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kwavela i-falcon enkulisa. Ekutholakaleni kokuqala - gyrfalcon! Ngokusobala akuyona eyasendle, kodwa futhi hhayi umzingeli (ngaphandle kwabahambi, ayindizela phezulu ekuthandeni). Lapho bekwazi ukubhekisisa, banquma - njenge-hybrid! Kepha izimpukane. Ngambuka izindlela nge-hybrid yami kaningana - engikubheka njengokuhle ngendiza - umyalo wobukhulu obunamandla kakhulu futhi ngokushesha! Iqonde phezulu phezulu, isuka kwesilinganiso, ishiya amamitha ayi-100, ikhwela lifana ne-fighter encane! Nginqume ukubamba (babona indandatho enama-binoculars), ngenhloso yokuthakazelisa. Nakho-ke lapho! Angizange ngilale inyanga, ngazama zonke izicupho - hrenushki! Kuliqiniso, wavele waqonda enethini ebekiwe (ngesikhova), wagqashula kulo nokunye okuningi - cha, cha! On amajuba, isikhova, ku-falcon yokudla, kumagundane nasegundane. Amanani! Kwadingeka ngisebenzise indlela yokugcina! - Lapha: UGalichya Gora
I-Gyrfalcon ne-grouse yamanje ebusika. Ividiyo (00:02:23)
I-Gyrfalcon iyona ye-falcon enkulu kunazo zonke, inyoni yokuzingela edumile futhi ebiza kakhulu, esetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ku-falconry.Isisulu saso esiyinhloko yizinyoni ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, imigwaqo emhlophe emhlophe, ngoba imingcele yendawo yazo ihlangana kakhulu nendawo yayo yokusatshalaliswa. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-taiga kanye ne-sub-taiga strip, imihlangano ne-gyrfalcon yenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokufuduka noma ukufuduka, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukubona, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuyiqopha ngalezi zindlela zokuphumelela kuyimpumelelo enkulu, noma kunalokho, ingozi engalindelekile. Simqaphele onqenqemeni lwensimu, lapho i-falcon ibibhekisisa khona kubatshana abamnyama begijima phansi. NgoNovemba, ukuhamba kwezinyoni ngesilinganiso esinjalo futhi nenani elinjalo futhi kukude nokungajwayelekile. Manje, ukubuka amavidiyo, ngilahlekelwe ngisho ukusho ukuthi iyiphi yale mihlangano emibili ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ekhumbulekayo.
Uhlala kuphi
Le falcon ihlala ezifundeni ze-Arctic nezingaphansi kweNyakatho Nenkabazwe. IGyrfalcon ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ze-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika: emaphethelweni e-Arctic, eTundra nasehlathini-tundra ukuya emingceleni esenyakatho ye-taiga. Esikhathini esingahlanganisi isidleke, i-gyrfalcon ngama-nomads yenzeka phakathi kobubanzi bezidleke naseningizimu - kuya kufinyelela kwinqanaba lesitezi. Izinhlobo eziphambili zezindawo zokuhlala ze-gyrfalcon ziyiziqhingi ezinamadwala nolwandle, imifula nezigodi echibini elinamadwala, iribhoni noma amahlathi esiqhingi, ne-tundra yezintaba.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
IGyrfalcon iyona enkulukazi kunayo yonke yezwe lethu (amaphiko - afinyelela ku-1,6 m). Umbala walezi zinyoni uyahlukahluka kusuka kokucishe kube mhlophe kuya kokumnyama nge-brownish-grey top and whitish, enezansi ezinhlobonhlobo. Abesifazane bakhulu futhi bavame ukubamnyama ukwedlula abesilisa. Ubungako bezinyoni ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga yezwe buhamba kancane, futhi umbala weplamu uyakhanya. Izinyoni ezincane zinsundu, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezincane ziyahlukahluka ezindala ngombala we-paws zazo: kuma-gyrfalcons amadala aphuzi, amnyama - mpunga.
I-Gyrfalcon endizeni
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia
Inani lezinhlobo ezweni lethu licishe libe ngu-1000, inani elikhulu kunazo zonke (cishe ngababili abangama-200) lihlala eKamchatka.
Ukwehla okwandayo kwenani lama-gyrfalcons kuhlotshaniswa nokucekelwa phansi kwezidleke, ukubanjwa okungalawulwa nokususwa kwamachwane ngokuxoka. Ngokuthuthukiswa kweNyakatho, ukuphazamiseka kwama-gyrfalcons kumasayithi esidleke kuya ngokuya kubaluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-gyrfalcons awela ngaphansi kwesibhamu sabazingeli futhi afela izicupho.
I-Falconry
Kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi, ama-gyrfalcons asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ku-falconry futhi abhekwa kakhulu njengezinyoni ezizingelayo. Ngobulungiswa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-falconry ayikaze idobi. Esikhundleni salokho, uhlobo lwamasiko kanye namabhola nezindawo ezimenyiwe. I-gyrfalcon kwakuyinyoni efake imfashini, ilukuluku umnikazi wayo angaziqhayisa ngayo nangokuvelela kwabanye. Etafuleni lamabanga esikole saseYurophu sokuzingela, i-gyrfalcon emhlophe yayihlala ithola indawo yokuqala.
UKrechetov wethulwe ngesipho, wazama ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni sobudlelwano bezokuxhumana. Futhi enkantolo yenkosi yaseRussia kwakukhona ngisho isikhundla esikhethekile se-falconer. Indawo okwakugcinwa kuyo ama-gyrfalcons yabizwa ngokuthi i-krechatni.
Namuhla, amasiko ama-falconry ayavuselelwa, kepha ngendlela entsha. Unomlingisi we-amateur, wezemidlalo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuxoka kwamanga kwesimanje kungasiza ekugcineni ukwahluka okungokwemvelo kwezinyoni ezidla inyama futhi kuvuselele umuzwa wangempela wobunye nemvelo kumuntu womuntu waseRussia. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yini enye ongayizwa, ubambe isandla sakho umngane oqinile, onamaphiko!
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: chordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: izinyoni (i-Aves).
Isigcawu: Ama-Falconiformes (Falconiformes).
Umndeni: I-Falcon (Falconidae).
Ubulili: I-Falcon (Falco).
Buka: gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus).
