Abantu abajwayele ukukhuluma nezimbobo zabo zezwi, abamangaleli kakhulu lapho bezwa izilwane zikhala.
Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zikhala azinakuphela. Kukhona ikhwela, nansi ukubhonga, nokuguguleka, nokukhala, nokukhala, nokukhala. Kwalinganiselwa ukuthi yinja kuphela enemisindo ecishe ibe ngamashumi amathathu: i-growl, screech, whimper kanye namagxolo azo zonke izinhlobo zemithunzi namathoni. Impisi inemisindo engamashumi amabili iveza imizwa, iqhude linezilishumi nanhlanu, i-jackdaw ine cishe ishumi nambili, i-rook inakho okufanayo, kanti i-goose inamashumi amabili nantathu.
I-repertoire ehluke kakhulu yekaryama, inyoni yaseNingizimu Melika edla izinyoka nesikhonyane, imisindo engu-170. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zezingoma, nazo ziningi zazo. E-Finch, bhala uSolwazi Dementiev no-Ilyichev, odokotela bezinhlungu baseSoviet, ukukhala okuhlanu kudlulisela imininingwane mayelana nemvelo. Ezisithoba zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa "komndeni" ngesikhathi sokudlela, "ayisikhombisa anenombolo ekhomba kanti ayisikhombisa abhekisele ekujuleni kwendawo emkhathini."
Kepha i-leonkeyon yenkawu ayicebile kangako. Ezinkomeni eziphansi - 15-20, ngaphezulu eziphakeme, amashimpanzi ngokwesibonelo - kusuka kumisindo engama-22 kuye kwengama-32.
Ngisho nengwenya, isidalwa, ngawo wonke ama-akhawunti, siyisimungulu, singakwazi ngendlela yaso, kuyingwenya, sikhulume.
Elebhu yokuvivinya yaseMnyuziyamu Wezemvelo eNew York, bekukhona izingwenya ezine. Ngokuthola ithuba bafunde ngokuphelele ukuthi uma ushaya ujantshi wensimbi eduze kwezingwenya, ziqala ukukhula. Bafaka ngamandla, baphakamise amakhanda abo, futhi, bedweba esiswini sabo, bakha ubhuqa olunamandla kusuka kusinki. Lokhu kubonakala njengokukhala kwabo kwempi, ngoba manje bayashesha ukuqondelana. Futhi izingwenya ezincane azivamisile ukukhala lapho zikhona ezinkulu.
Kepha kahle, iyiphi indima efakwa yijantshi kulokhu? Kuyavela ukuthi ezinye zazo zizwakala ku-octave efanayo nokubhonga okujikijelwayo okuvela kungwembu yengwenya. Badlale amanothi afanayo ku-cello nakophondo lwaseFrance: izingwenya "zacula" kulokhu.
Izinsikazi zezingwenya zibeka amaqanda azo emqubeni yamaqabunga abolile, ziwele kuwo. Izingwenya ezincane zazisa umama wazo nge-grunt ethambile yokuzalwa kwabo: "humm, humm, humm". Ingwenya manje idonsa inqwaba futhi ibakhiphela ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho iholela izingane emanzini, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho 'egwaza' endleleni “yomf, umf” ukuze zingalahleki.
Izinyoni ezihlabelelayo, ezicula entwasahlobo, ziheha izintokazi zezinhlobo zazo ngokuzivocavoca ngamazwi futhi zibuye zikhombe nemingcele yendawo yazo yokungenisa izidleke ngokuya ngomgomo: "Lapho imisindo yengoma yami ifinyelela khona, kukhona impahla yami" *.
* (Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncike endaweni efanelekile ukuthola izidleke. Uma le ndawo incane futhi kunezinyoni eziningi, imvamisa izidleke ziseduze kwayo. Kulesi simo, abesilisa abahlabeleli nje ngokuzwa kuphela kodwa futhi bayabonana.)
Ngokumemeza bayaxwayisana ngengozi. Lapho nje i-thrush endala ikhipha i-alamu, manje amachwane ayo (ngisho nosuku losuku olulodwa) ayathula, ayeke ukukhama futhi acashe esidlekeni.
Amachwane asolwandle awela phansi. Izilwane azikwazi ukukhala ngezikhalo zazo ezibhekene nesitha. Omunye udokotela wezilwane ukhuluma ngesigameko esihlekisayo esibonisa kahle lesi siphetho. Wayebuka ukuphuma kwakhe endlini encane, ayakha eduze nezidleke zazo. Izinyoni zijwayele kule ndlu kakhulu kangangokuba zazivame ukuzisebenzisa zona ngokwazo: abantu abadala babehlola indawo ezungeze ophahleni lwayo, namachwane afihlwe lapha. Wake wacwaninga, ehleli endaweni yokukhosela, washukuma ngokungakhathali futhi wethusa i-seagull. Wamemeza: "Ngibona isitha!" - futhi wasuka endlini. Amachwane ngokushesha agijimela ukucasha. indluzane. Bakhwela bangena “emgodini webhubesi” bacasha phakathi kwemilenze “yomhlaseli”, okwethusa umama wabo.
Lapho izinyoni zasolwandle ziphumelela omunye komunye ezidlekeni, zimemezela inhloso yazo hhayi ngokuletha amabala otshani namahlumela, kodwa nangokukhala okukhethekile. (Uma umlingani engasishiyi isidleke ngisho nangemva kwalokho, umzali oguqukayo ovele amxoshe ngempoqo emaqanda bese ehlala phezu kwakhe.) Izinyoni eziningi zinemisindo esho into enjengale: "Nginike indawo esidlekeni."
Kubukeka ngathi ukukhala kwawo wonke ama-gull, tern, goose noma amadada lapho kuzwakala esifanayo. Kepha, ngokusobala, lokhu akunjalo.
I-Krachki, amaqanda amaduna nawesifazane afukamela. Ngemuva kwehora, baphenduka omunye ngomunye. Amakhulu amanye ama-tern ashushuluza ngaphezu kwenyoni ehleli esidlekeni. Akazinaki izikhalo zabo. Kepha emi kude ekude futhi athule izwi kumlingani wakhe, ngokushesha uphakamisa ikhanda amubhekele. Kwesinye isikhathi i-tern icwilisa amaqanda ayo, ivale amehlo, kodwa ngokushesha ivuke ngokushesha nje lapho kuzwakala ukubabaza okude komyeni wayo.
Izinyoni zihlukanisa ngezwi namachwane azo. Ngenkathi abaphenyi bependa umusi emhlane nasemakhanda ngamabala ngokweqile, kangangokuba ukubonwa kwamachwane kwashintsha kakhulu, abazali, bebona izingane zabo ezakha izingane, bamangala kakhulu ekuqaleni. Bangena ezimotweni ezisongela, belungele ukuxosha izingane zabo. Kodwa lapho nje iphuphu seluncane, isithombe sashintsha: abazali behlisa umoya futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza bamukela amathoyizi amabi esifubeni somndeni.
Thulisa, okungukuthi, awunazwi ngokuphelele, cishe azikho izinyoni emhlabeni. Kuvela kuphela izinkukhu zase-Melika nezinkukhu zezinkukhu zase-Australia ezingakaze zikhale. Kepha ezinye izilwane eziningi azinazo izintambo zezwi, futhi empeleni ziyizimungulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akubavimbeli ekwenzeni imisindo ehlukahlukene basebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zamaqhinga. Amatende namaxoxo acwebile, umphimbo okhuphukayo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-bubble "buccal" Izingxoxo zama-grasshopers, zihlikihla iphiko elinye ngokumelene nelinye. Ohlangothini lwesobunxele banomnsalo - umthambo we-serated, ngakwesokudla - ipuleti lapho behola khona umnsalo. Ipuleti liyathuthumela futhi lizwakala njengentambo.
Esihlokweni, i-violin ihlelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Uneminsalo emibili - imilenze yangemuva. Izinhlungu zabo ziginqiwe. Isikhonyane sithinta imilenze yaso emaphikweni, nezimpiko ziyakhala.
AmaCicadas angabaculi abaphawuleka kakhulu. Abanye babo bachitha iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa bethule ngaphansi komhlaba, ukuze emavikini okugcina empilo yabo, sebephumile ekudingisweni, bamemezele amahlathi asondelene nokukhala kwezindlebe. Kuthiwa eSouth America kukhona ama-cicadas "ahlabelela" ngezwi elikhulu njengesitimela esishayayo! "Futhi uma kunokungaboni ngaso linye kulezi zindaba, kubhala u-Alfred Brehm kuphela, ukuthi abanye bathi umsindo wenziwa yi-cicada eyodwa, kanti abanye baphikelela kwaya kwaya lekwaya encane yama-cicadas."
Kwamanye amazwe, ama-cicadas, njengama canaries, agcinwa emakhejini futhi ajabulele “ukucula” kwawo. Kwabanye, bayabazonda ngengxoxo ecasulayo. AmaGrikhi asendulo ayewathanda ama-cicadas, amaRoma ayewazonda.
Futhi ama-cicadas, akanandaba nokulahlwa kwabantu nokudumiswa, ubusuku bonke bumnandi izindlebe zezintokazi zabo ngenhlokomo enkulu. Abesilisa kuphela abaxoxa nabo. Uma ujikisa umculi ngemuva, uzobona amarekhodi amabili “wesikhumba” esiswini sakhe. Ngaphansi kwabo, esesiswini esiswini, izintambo ezelulwe ngokuqinile ziyathuthumela - ulwelwesi ezintathu. Imisipha ekhethekile iyayinyakazisa bese izwakala. Isisu, lapho izintambo ziqhaqhazela, i-cicada ayinalutho, njengesigubhu, futhi, njengesigubhu, siphakamisa izwi, sikhulisa umsindo izikhathi eziyikhulu.
Ngisho nalezo zilwane ezingakhonkotha ngemiphimbo yazo zivame ukukhiqiza imisindo ngezinye izindlela. Ukushaywa kwamaphiko ezinyangeni eziningi kuveza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi: isexwayiso ngengozi, nokuheha owesifazana, kanye nesixwayiso kumphikisi.
I-Snipe, i-tokuyu entwasahlobo, ihamba isuka endaweni ephakeme. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila uyasakazeka, futhi izimpaphe ezikulo “ziyaveveka” “ziyafiphala” ngendlela yembuzi.
Izingulube zasendle, i-panda enkulu, iphakethe, i-dez mantzhak nezinye izilwane eziningi, lapho zicasulwa noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zijabule, zibhidliza amazinyo azo, zishaya i-castanet shot kubo. Ama-gorilla nezimpimpi zishaya esifubeni ngezibhakela, futhi zigobhoza ezindlebeni zazo. Imfene ishaya phansi ngomsindo. Hhayi lokhu kuphela: ukuze "ukhiphe", kwesinye isikhathi baphonsa ngamatshe phansi futhi lokhu kukhumbuza amanye ama-psychos aseMelika abashaya izitsha emigoqweni (yebo, ngemali ekhethekile).
Ngamanye amazwi, imisindo ngokwayo nezindlela zokukhiqizwa kwazo embusweni wezilwane zihlukahlukene kakhulu kangangokuba noma ubani ongathanda ukukhuluma okuningi ngazo kufanele abhale inqwaba enkulu yephepha.
Ososayensi: izingwenya zikhulumisana ngokucula
Ngokusho kososayensi, ama-alligators nezingwenya zicula ngokuhlukile kunezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, zisebenzisa ukucula njengendlela yokudlulisa imininingwane.
Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane zasenyuvesi yase-Austrian eVienna, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidliwayo zingaqhaqhazela nomoya ngaphakathi kwesiqeshana sezwi ngendlela efanayo nezinyoni. Ngokuya ngokudlidliza, abanye abamele izinhlobo bangakwazi ukubona ubukhulu bomuntu owenze lo msindo. Kuliqiniso, ukulalela ukucula kwengwenya akuyona into emnandi endlebeni yomuntu, kepha, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukucula okunjalo kuyindlela ekhethekile yokuxhumana nalezi zilwanyana ezihuquzelayo.
Izingwenya kanye nama-alligator angacula.
Bafuna ukufakazela umbono wabo, ochwepheshe benza ucwaningo eFlorida Zoo, lapho baba nethuba lokuthola izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu nambili zama-alligators nezingwenya. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo kwakuyinsikazi enkulu yemidumba. Ngenkathi kwezinye izindawo izidlakela ezinkulu zikhala ngokubhonga kwazo, waziphendula njalo, kusho uStefan Reber, owayeqondisa lezi zifundo.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakele, ososayensi bakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi "ama-arias" anjalo anika izingwenya kanye nama-alligators ithuba lokuthi "obala" bamemezele usayizi womzimba wabo. Kokuphindaphindwayo, "izindaba" ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba indlela abaziphatha ngayo nokuthandana kwabo kuya ngosayizi womuntu ngamunye.
Kungenzeka kakhulu, ama-dinosaurs angenza okufanayo. Futhi njengoba zombili izingwembu nezingwenya, nezinyoni zazinokhokho abajwayelekile nabadayisi, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi uma ososayensi bengaqonda kangcono uhlelo lwabo lwe-vocals, lokhu kuzobavumela nokuba baqonde ukuxhumana nama-archosaurs asevele ashabalala.
Imiphumela yocwaningo lokucula izingwenya kanye nama-alligators, abacwaningi ashicilelwe kwi-Journal of Experimental Biology.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ngabe izingwenya zixhumana kanjani?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingwenya kanye nama-alligators baba amagatsha azimele esihlahla sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs, okungukuthi, eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-70 edlule. Lapho-ke izilimi zabo beziphambukiswa, kepha namuhla baqonda kangcono noma kancane. Uma ingwenya isongela i-alligator, khona-ke i-alligator iyakwazi lokho abafuna ukumtshela yona. Ukuqhathanisa: Izilimi zabantu, lapho zihluka, ziba nokungaqondakali ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-500. Kungani uhlelo lokuxhumana lwengwenya luhle kakhulu kangangokuba lumcindezela futhi lushintsha lungakafiki isikhathi?
Bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kufundwe lonke lolu lwazi lwengwenya ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba kufanele ukuthi i-dissertation ivikelwe eminyakeni engama-5-6, hhayi ezimpilweni ezintathu, yingakho nginqume ukugxila kumasignali abawasebenzisayo ngenkathi yokuzalela. Njengoba amasignali abesilisa nabesifazane ehlukile, nginqume ukwenza impilo yami ibe lula kakhulu futhi ngathatha izibonakaliso zabesilisa kuphela. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izingwenya zabesilisa ziyahlabelela. Ezindlebeni zethu, lokhu, impela, akufani nezingoma. I-alligator yesilisa iphakamisa ikhanda nomsila wayo, iqale ukujuluka, futhi esigabeni esithile iyagquma, kanti kwesinye yenza umhlaseli. Ngalesi sikhathi, amanzi asemhlane wakhe amathumba.
I-Alligator ukubhonga kuzwakala njengenjini yetangi kuqala. Isakazekela kude kakhulu emoyeni ngaphezu kwamanzi, kepha akungeni manzi ukungena emanzini. I-infrasound ishicilelwa abesilisa kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kulula kakhulu ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Imvamisa yayo icishe ibe yi-10 Hz - lokhu kuphansi kancane kunalokho esikuzwayo. Uma usondelene kakhulu nengwenya, uzoyibamba, kepha lokhu, ngokuvamile, akudingekile, ngoba uyizwa ngomzimba wakho wonke, lokhu kuyizidlakela eziqinile. Uma ubheka i-alligator yokucula kusuka ngaphezulu, ungabona ukuthi i-infrasound ayakhiwa ngezintambo zezwi, kodwa ngosizo lokudlidliza kodonga lwesifuba. Lokhu kwakha iphethini yamaconsi amanzi okudansa - amagagasi abizwa ngeFaraday. Ngenkathi ngenza lokhu, bekukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela wecala ongenandaba, kepha kusukela lapho sekucacile ukuthi lokhu kuyizimpawu ezibonakalayo zezinye izilwane.
Futhi kungani izingwenya zigxoba amakhanda?
Ngaphezu kokubhonga nokugcwala, izingwegwe zezingwenya nazo zishaya amakhanda. Izinhlobo ezinekhanda elincane kakhulu zichofoza imihlathi yazo ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Kungani sidinga izinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukahlukene zemisindo ethi ekuqaleni ubheke umsebenzi ofanayo? Bengicabanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zemisindo zisatshalaliswa ngendlela ehlukile futhi zidlulisa imininingwane ngezindlela ezihlukile: “Ngibhukuda lapha, wonke umuntu wesilisa omkhulu, muhle - amantombazane, undiza!”
I-infrasound ngaphesheya kwamanzi isakazeka kude kakhulu, cishe ngokungenamkhawulo - imikhomo ngosizo lwayo izwelana ngamakhulu amakhilomitha. Kepha infrasound kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ivelaphi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa kuzo zonke izilwane icishe ifane. Uyazi nje ukuthi endaweni ethile kukhona owesilisa omkhulu onempilo - ukuze akhiqize amandla angaphansi kwamanzi, udinga ukuba mkhulu - kepha awazi ukuthi ukuphi. Futhi uma kukhona abesilisa abaningana, awukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yimuphi owukhipha umsindo. Ukusuka ekushayweni, kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi bavelaphi. Zithwelwe kangcono ngamanzi, kepha ziyakwazi ukuzwakala emoyeni. Ukubhonga kusakazeka emoyeni kuphela. Uma unesiqubu samachibi ahlukene, khona-ke infrasound most most uwezekano ngeke ikufinyelele, kepha ukubhonga nokushaya ngempama kuzokufinyelela. Uma usemfuleni ofanayo, khona-ke infrasound izokufinyelela kangcono kakhulu kunokubhonga. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi uma ingwenya ihlala emfuleni omkhulu noma echibini elikhulu, khona-ke kungasizakala kakhulu ngaye ukusebenzisa infrasound and slaps, futhi uma ehlala endaweni encane yokubhukuda futhi efuna ukuzwakala ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, kungcono kuye ukuthi asebenzise ukubhonga nezimpama njengezinkomba zendlela.
Abanye kuzwakala njengensimbi
Ngeza nombono: umehluko phakathi kwezimpawu ezizwakalayo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo zihlala kuphi. Njengoba izilwane eziyingwenya zihlala emazwenikazi ahlukene, ukuhlola lo mbono kwathatha iminyaka eminingi, kwathatha umzamo omkhulu nemali. Kepha kwavela ukuthi izinhlobo eziyi-15 ezihlala hhayi kuluphi uhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala, kepha “noma kuphi”, zisebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu ngokulinganayo. Izinhlobo eziyi-7 ezihlala emachibini amancane nje ziyagquma, kepha azisebenzisi izigaxa noma cishe azikaze zizisebenzise. Futhi izinhlobo ezi-5 ezihlala kuphela emizimbeni emikhulu yamanzi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziyabhidliza, kodwa cishe azibhongile, futhi uma zibubula, khona-ke ukubhonga kubuthakathaka kakhulu, kuncishisiwe. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa i-gavial, ngaphezu kokubhonga nokuchofoza emihlathini yayo, inomunye umsindo okhethekile - akekho owaziyo ukuthi wakwenza kanjani. Lo msindo ufana nensimbi ephukile, ithwalwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, kanti i-gavial, ngokusobala, iyisebenzisa esikhundleni se-infrasound.
Mayelana nethuba lezingwenya, izingoma nemidanso
Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, kwatholakala into ethokozisayo: phakathi kwezimbokodo, abantu bebengafani ngokusetshenziswa kwezimbangi, kepha behluka kakhulu ekusebenziseni izigaxa. Futhi izingwenya zazinokuphambene - ukwanda kwabantu kwahlukahluka kakhulu ekusebenziseni izindlawu, kepha inani lokushaywa cishe lalifana. Kungithathe isikhathi esiningi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Futhi kwavela umbono onjalo: zombili izingwenya kanye nezimbokodo, enye yezimpawu zingaba nomsebenzi wesibili. Futhi kuvela ukuthi izingwenya eqenjini ngalinye licula kuphela owesilisa ovelele, "umnikazi wesikhungo sabesifazane." Uma omunye umuntu wesilisa ezama ukubhonga, uzoba nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Ama-Alligator ayindlela enye ezungeze - awanalo igunya lokuphatha, kepha anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi senhlalo, esingasaziqondi nakancane. Kepha ukubhonga kwabo kunomsebenzi owengeziwe. Ngokungafani nezingwenya, ama-alligators acula ngokuhlabelela, futhi njengoba ngamangala ukuthola, nawo ayadansa. Ukudansa kwenzeka ebusuku, kungumbono othakazelisa kakhulu. Kulula ukubona, kepha akekho owenze lokhu phambi kwami.Kuyasiza kubo bonke ababambi bezimbalasane abahlanganyela kule midanso yeqembu nokucula ngeculo ukuba nababambiqhaza abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka nokukhetha abalingani abangaba khona. Ama-alligators adinga ukubhonga ukuze ahehe izilwane eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka emculweni wokudansa.
Kungani izingqongqo nezingwenya zidansa kuphi futhi kungani
Amandla akhona afana nemidanso yendawo: ungafika nentombazane noma uwedwa, hhayi iqiniso lokuthi uzosuka lapho nentombazane owavela kuyo, futhi ungafika lapho ngoba nje ufuna ukulwa. Kukhona ukucindezela okukhulu kangangokuba kunzima kakhulu kumqapheli ongaphandle ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kubani futhi yini, kepha ama-alligators aqondiswa ngalokhu ngandlela thile.
Manje abantu abaningana bazama ukuqondisisa kahle isimo sezenhlalo zezinyoni. Kuyavela ukuthi banobudlelwano bezocansi obuyiphutha impela, kodwa iningi labantu abadala linabalingani abathandayo abahlangana nabo unyaka nonyaka. Imvamisa beza ekudanseni nabesilisa noma abesifazane babo abathandekayo futhi bashiye ndawonye, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi konke kuyashintsha. Ngesinye isikhathi kuba nokulwa, futhi okuyikhona okubaluleke kakhulu - kwenzeka ukuthi izilwane ziyafa. Ukuthandana kwenzeka lapho - ama-alligators amaningi ahamba ngesinye, futhi abhukuda ngababili. Akukho lutho olunjengalesi olwenzeka ngezingwenya - okungenani akekho owake wazibona.
Uhlelo lwezimpawu lwengwenya lungashintshwa kunoma iyiphi indawo. Lolu hlelo oluguquguqukayo muhle kakhulu kangangokuba asikho isizathu sokulushintsha. Ngicabanga ukuthi yingakho likhona ngezigidi zeminyaka.
Izingwenya zizingela kanjani
Izindlela zokuzingela iCrocodile zihlukahlukene kakhulu kunendlela ezibhalwe ezincwadini. Kukholelwa ukuthi bangabazingeli ikakhulu, futhi balinde inyamazane emaphethelweni amanzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho abaphenyi benamathisela amakamelo amancane kuzo zonke izimbaza, bathola ukuthi babhukuda ubusuku bonke futhi bazingela ngaphansi kwamanzi izinhlanzi, crayfish, iminenke, kanye nezimfudu ezincane. Futhi ngithole ukuthi bayakwazi ukuzingela ezindleleni zehlathi kude kakhulu namanzi - kude ngamamitha ayi-50.
Okungangijabulisa kakhulu kwakuyilapho bezingela njengeqembu. Ukuzingela okumangalisa kunabo bonke engake ngakubona entshonalanga yeNew Guinea. Kwakukhona ichibi elikhulu, maphakathi nalo kwakukhona indlela yodaka olunyathelwe phansi. Ekukhuleni okungatheni, yenyuka ngaphezu kwamanzi, futhi izingulube, izinja, nezinye izakhamizi zasendaweni zazisebenzisa. Izingcweti zisebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukene ngokuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesilwane olwalulandela umendo. Babakuqonda ukuthi ithole lingamane libanjwe ngumlenze, futhi le nombolo ngeke idlule nengulube.
Ngake ngahlala esihlahleni ngibuka, futhi ingulube yayihamba ngendlela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendlela bekukhona ingwenya enkulu, enkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingwenya ezimbili ezincane. Lapho nje ingulube ibamba ingwenya enkulu, yamhlasela, kodwa hhayi ngendlela ejwayele ukuhlasela ngayo, kodwa yenza ngendlela izingwenya ziziphatha ngayo, izama ukwethusa umuntu kude: wavula umlomo wakhe wagijimela engubeni ngokubhonga kabi. Ingulube yayisaba, okwakunzima ukusola kuyo, yajahela ngaphesheya, yagcina isendaweni yesibili yenyathi, izingwenya ezimbili ezincane zayibamba futhi yayiklebhula khona lapho. Ingwenya enkulu yagijima ngenhlanhla yadlula yonke indlela, lapho-ke kwakukhona ubugadli obanelisiwe kuphela. Futhi ngithole umbono wokuthi izingwenya ezintathu zihlele konke lokhu kusengaphambili, ngoba indlela iphakeme futhi bebengaboni ngaso linye. Kepha kwenzeka ukuthi ngikubuke kanye kuphela.
Ama-alligators eLouisiana azingela kanjena: ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, izilwane ezinkulu ngokwahlukana, zincanyana ngokwehlukana. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ziqhutshwa zisuka engxenyeni ejulile echibini ziye olwandle lwesihlabathi, lapho zilinde khona amatshe amancane. Lapho-ke womabili la maqembu ahlangana futhi abelane ngezinhlanzi. Lokhu sekubonwe ngabantu abaningana.
Izingwenya zase Swamp eSri Lanka zibhukuda isiyingi ezungeza isikole senhlanzi, futhi lo mbuthano uba mncane, mncane futhi umncane, bese izingwenya ziqala ukubhukuda ziphenduka maphakathi nendilinga futhi zibambe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kwesinye isigodi e-Asia, lapho kwakukhona khona imichilo eminingi, ngaphawula ukuthi izingwenya zivame ukubhukuda zinamahlumela emakhanda azo. Ngacabanga ukuthi kwakuyizimfihlakalo ezinhle kangako, sathatha isithombe saso saqhubeka. Ngemuva kwalokho ngathola umbono ofanayo eFlorida, lapho kwakukhona khona nethanga elikhulu le-heron. Ngabe sengibona ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kungabi ngengozi. Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwezimbali, imichwane ishoda kakhulu ngezinto zokwakha, ahlala efuna amahlumela, awadonsa kusukela komunye nomunye ezidlekeni, ngenxa yalokhu kuba nokulwa. Futhi ingwenya enehlumela ekhaleni layo inethuba elihle lokuheha i-heron, ezozama ukubamba leli banga. Ngenze ucwaningo oluncane eLouisiana, futhi kwavela ukuthi ama-alligators abhukuda ngempela ngamahlumela ezungeze amakoloni e-heron nangesikhathi sokuzala. Konke lokhu kukhombisa: ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuzingela, izingwenya zingezabantu kuphela. Kuseminyakeni engama-5 ukuya kweli-10 edlule akekho owazi lutho ngalokhu.
Ama-kindcartens ama-kindergartens nomdlalo webhola
I-Crocodile inezinto eziningi ezijabulisayo zokuziphatha. Isibonelo, uhlobo lokunakekela izingane. Ku-alligators kunama-kindergartens, lawo wesifazane aqapha nawo. Kuvela nokuthi izingwenya ziyakuthanda ukudlala. Lokhu bekwaziwa ngabantu abasebenza nabo ngokusebenza nabo enkulisa, kepha lokhu akuzange kuvuze nakancane ezincwadini zesayensi. Kwavela ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingwenya zithanda ukudlala ngezimbali ezipinki. Abantu abaningi bayakuthanda ukudlala ibhola. Kunamavidiyo amaningi wokuthi izingwenya zigibela kanjani emanzini. Badlala ngezinto eziveziwe, ngamaconsi amanzi. Amawoli amaningi agibela ngemuva kwabafowethu nodadewethu abancane. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu - ingwenya ingadlala nezinye izinhlobo. Ngabuka i-alligator eyayidlala njalo ne-otter. Indaba emnandi kakhulu yenzeka eCosta Rica - lapho eminyakeni engama-20 edlule umdobi wendawo wathola ingwenya ehlathini enenhloko yokudutshulwa, wayiletha ekhaya, baphuma futhi baba abangane abakhulu. Babhukuda ndawonye, badlala, badlala bodwa - ingwenya yayikhasa ngemuva futhi izama ukwethusa umuntu. Ochwepheshe be-Crocodile baqagela ngembaba - bathi, maduze nje kuzokwenzeka inhlekelele. Ekugcineni, ingwenya yafa ngokuguga. Umuntu awatholanga isikena esisodwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngobulukhuni bokuziphatha, izingwenya aziphansi kunezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi lokhu kwaziwa manje. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu kangaka futhi ezaziwayo zifundwe kabi? Kunezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, lapho sikhuluma ngezilwane ezihlakaniphile, sisho amandla abo okucabanga njengathi. Noma ngubani ocabanga ngendlela ehlukile ngokuvamile akabonwa ngathi ukuthi uhlakaniphe kakhulu. Okwesibili, izingwenya zinokuhamba kwesikhathi okuhlukile. Angalala nge-bump inyanga eyodwa, angahambi ngalesi sikhathi, bese elinda into ethokozisayo ukuthi yenzeke - ngokwesibonelo, intwasahlobo izofika. Abantu abaningi abanaso isineke sokubuka izingwenya. Kwakunzima kakhulu kimi. Isizathu sesithathu - zonke izinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu kwizingwenya zenzeka ebusuku, futhi ngasizathu simbe akuzange kwenzeke kumuntu ukuthi bekufanelekile ukufunda izingwenya endle nasebusuku. Lapho ngiqala ukwenza lokhu, ngathola ukudansa kwe-alligator kungona sonto lokuqala. Isizathu sesine - izilwane ezinegazi elibandayo zibonakala zingathandeki kithina kunegazi elinomusa nelifudumele. Futhi obunye ubunzima - iningi lalokhu engisanda kukusho akunakwenzeka ukukugcina ekudingisweni.
Lalelani okuwugwadule
Amahansi awawona omakhelwane ababi, yize kunomsindo omkhulu. Ngisho nezihlobo zabo zasendle, uma zindiza ngezindiza esibhakabhakeni ziye eningizimu noma ekhaya, musa ukuthula umzuzu, zisekelane: "Ha-ha-ha, sukuma, mfowethu, ha-ha-ha, usemuva!" Yebo, futhi egcekeni lezinkukhu kuhlala kumnandi kubo. Yize kunjalo, onobuhle kunabo bonke, okumnandi kakhulu, yiqhude. Abantu bamuzwa amakhilomitha amaningana. Akagugi kuphela! Umphimbo wakhe uhanjelwe, uguqulwe ukuze kukhishwe imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ekuseni uyakhala avuke ngezwi elizwakalayo, abese encenga izinkukhu, futhi, ngokugcizelela, kepha buthule, athembeke ngokwengeziwe. Ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele, ubabiza ukuba bazondle. Noma kunjalo, izwi leqhude elilodwa lihlukile ngokuhlukile kwelinye, ngalinye linalo elalo, liyabonakala. Ukuqhakaza ingoma yeqhude, lapho izinyamazane zizithanda ngokwengeziwe, maduze bazoba nenzalo.
Iqhude
Ngabe ukhona ongenandaba nalezi zinhlamvana ezincane eziphuzi? Izinkukhu ezingamaphiko, ezihlekisa kamnandi ngamazwi amancanyana, zixhumana njalo nesikhukhukazi esimnakekelayo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-squeak iba ngaphezulu futhi ibe ngaphezulu - abancanyana bayalamba noma bomile. Futhi lapho zilala ngaphansi kwephiko likamama, izinkukhu ziyaqhubeka nokucwilisa "piiii-piiii-pi-piiiii" wazo ephusheni nazo. Isikhukhukazi sizobaphendula buthule "ko-ko-kooooooo", as if lulling. Ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele, uqoqa izinkukhu zizungeze igceke, lapho kunezingozi eziningi. Izwi lakhe liyesabeka. Uyacwayiza, izihlakala. Cishe yonke inkukhu iyazazi izingoma ezinjalo. Uma kufika isikhathi sokubeka iqanda, ucula le “ko-ko-ko” kakhulu, ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Futhi ubani odlula izinkukhu ngethayela lomsila? Kuvelaphi lokhu okunethezeka? Kepha lobu buhle buvame ukuhlaliswa egcekeni lezinkukhu. Naphezu kokubukeka kwe-regal, ipikoko iyinkukhu encane (evela eku-oda kwenkukhu). Kepha izwi lepigogo alifani nokubukeka. Akunakwenzeka ukuphinda ubuke ukubuyekezwa kwabantu abangenangqondo labo okukhalwe ngabo okumangazayo. Kungcono ukulalela imisindo yezilwane, okunzima ukuyisho ngamazwi. Amakati kaMashi angathatha ipigogo aye enkampanini!
Amadayimane nawo avela ngokulandelana kwezinkukhu, kepha awangeni egcekeni lezinkukhu futhi acula izingoma ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ukulalela amazwi ezilwane entwasahlobo. Bonke banendaba ngokuzala, bakhe ubudlelwane bemindeni. Isigaxa senduna esinezinyawo ezimhlophe sikhala ngokudumaza ezindlebeni zabantu, kepha izintokazi ezinje ngehlazo, ngokufanayo ngasikhathi sinye ukuhlekisa, inja engamakhonkwane iyakhonkotha futhi igwebu isele elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka usekulungele ukufeza lokhu kukhula. Imisindvo izohluka kancane, kepha ngokuvamile kuyefana. Ingoma kuphela ezokwenziwa ngokungafani nesifiso - uma yesaba. Izinsikazi zixoxa kamnandi nobaba womndeni namachwane. Njengoba lezi zihlobo zenkukhu ezisondelene kakhulu, i- “ko-ko-ko” nayo ikhona ezingomeni zayo. Futhi i-pheasant iyinyoni yasendle. Wafunda imisindo nezwi zezilwane ehlathini, wesaba wonke umuntu, ngoba izinsikazi ngokuvamile zikhala kakhulu ngokweqile, ziyasaba izizukulwane ezizayo. Owesilisa angamemeza amahlandla ambalwa uma kwenzeka ingozi. Izwi likhulu, imisindo elula kunazo zonke inothi elilodwa lakho konke. “Kvoh! Kvoh! " - nengoma yonke.
Lapho, egcekeni lezinkukhu, i-turkey iyahleka okuhlekisayo. Ubuye nezwi lakhe, ongeke ukwazi ukulidida nanoma iyiphi enye i-turkey. Kepha ukubhoboza njengeqhude, ama-turkeys awakwazi ukucula. Futhi ama-turkeys - izinyoni zinesizotha esikhulu, zibopha ngokuthula, futhi ingoma yazo ihlukile kunenkukhu ngoba le "ko-ko-ko" ikhala nge-cat-like purring kanye nomsindo wokugunda. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukulalela amazwi ezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuhlukanisa imisindo. Kungamangaza uma i-turkey, ngemuva kokubona ikati esibhakabhakeni, iqala ukuncibilika ngenhliziyo, ibiza izilwane ezifuywayo! Futhi wenza lokho! Ubungozi, neqiniso, zikuyo yonke indawo.
"Ukhozi!" - Ukukhala kwenyoni kuyakhala, - "Ukhozi!", kepha azikho izinkozi. Babizwa ngokuhlukile futhi bameme futhi ngokuhlukile. Ukhozi lwegolide - ukuzwakala futhi kuthulile, ngokwesibonelo. Futhi akunakulindeleka ukuthi turkey yakhe izwe. Akavamile ukukhipha izwi. Futhi uma kuzwakala ukukhamuluka okukhulu, kungumhlaba wokungcwaba, ukhozi olunamabala, noma ukhozi olwebile. Uma umsindo ukhonkotha, uyisithulu, ukhozi. Ukhozi lwenyathi luyenzeka, olulingisa ikati. Ukhozi olubekiwe olunezwi elihluke ngokuphelele. I-falcon ikhulunywa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kepha-ke unekhono! Ngobuhlakani, ngamandla, nangokuphazima kweso, uyaphinda: “Kyak!” noma "keeeeek!", futhi uma ethukuthele, uthukuthele kakhulu futhi ngokushesha amemeze "kra-kra!"
E-hawk, ingoma nayo izwakala inokhahlo, kepha ngokuxakile, ihlabelela. Kubukeka njenge- "ciiiiiii" efakwe ngaphakathi nge "ki-ki-ki". OKlebe bacule ngisho nabaculi, kube sengathi kukhona imisindo yokushaywa kwemvula. I-goshawk idonsa i-tiv-tiv ephezulu futhi ngokushesha. Ingoma yakhe izwakala imnandi kakhulu. Owesilisa ucula amathoni amaningana aphakeme kunowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, iculo lama-goshawks lihle kakhulu. "Tju-tiuuu!" Owesilisa uyacula. Kukhona futhi amabala esibhakabhakeni ngaphezulu komhlaba. Kuthule, akuvamile, kufiphale, kushaye ikhwela. Ibanga ikhwela ngengoma. Zonke izisulu ezihlukile komunye nomunye. Inyoni ngayinye ine-repertoire yayo!
Ngubani ongakaze ezwe izaga namazwi mayelana ne-fidelity, ngengoma yokugcina ye-swan! Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi i-swan akuyona i-songbird nhlobo. Futhi kunezinhlobo eziyishumi zama swans, ngayinye inendlela yayo yokukhuluma. Amagama adumile kakhulu, akhuluma: i -isim swan, i-whooper swan, i-trumpeter swan. Esikhathini esiningi, wonke ama swans akhalela kungathi goves. Ingani, angamarhamba! Kusuka ku-oda ye-Anseriformes. Kepha ebungozini noma usizi, bakhipha ukukhala okukhulu okude. Izilwane ziyanqena, uthando lwazo kuphela, futhi ngokulahlekelwa yingxenye yazo, lo swans balangazelela ukubhoboza. Ngakho izaga ezinamazwi kubantu.
Sinesimo sengqondo esifudumele esifanayo maqondana nokukhishwa. Ngisho ne-astronaut yokuqala yowesifazane yathatha uphawu olunjalo lokushaya. Le nyoni ayinakubizwa nge-pevunya noma. Imisindo abayenzayo ibukhali, iphakeme, iyagoqa, iyaqhekeka, iphinda njalo. IKrachka ifana kakhulu nolwandle lwasolwandle. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ziyafana, kodwa zingaphezu kwezinye. Iphimbo lama-tern ahlukene liyahluka. Imisindo ihlala iqhekeka, ayijabulisi kangako, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inyoni ngokwayo yinhle futhi inomusa kakhulu ekundizeni.
Gull
Sparrow kuyinto ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, kungabonakala. Kepha sazi kuphela undlunkulu wasendlini kanye nensimu. Bayazidlalela futhi badonsa, bahlala bejabule ngempilo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Imbangi yalo engapheli yokudla ezinkomeni isishumi. Sihlangana ne-tit enkulu ne-blue tit - okwesibhakabhaka. Imisindo yabo izwakala kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, izingoma ziyi-sonorous, melodic, sonorous futhi ziyahlekisa. I-repertoire yabo ifaka izingoma ezinde ezinamavesi amaningi, nezingcingo ezimfushane, ezifanayo nezimpawu zamantombazane: "Sit-sit-sit-dididiiidi!" (ukuhumusha: "Nakhu ukudla, ukundiza!").
Kunamakona ambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni lapho amajuba angahlali futhi akhokhobe ngaphansi kwamafasitela. Izwi labo alinakuchazwa, wonke umuntu ulizwile. Kodwa-ke, sinezinhlobo eziningi zamajuba, futhi yi-qiquitous kuphela - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - opholile unyaka wonke. Izwi lomphimbo lihlukile kancane kule ngoma, lizwakala nje lifakwe okuthile, kepha ukuphokophela kwesivunguvungu kuyokwehlukaniswa ngumuntu ongalalelisi kakhulu. Entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo, umkhomo wokubulala uzwakala yonke indawo. Lesi akusona isilwane sasolwandle i-orca, lesi ukugwinya kwethu. Ingoma ilula, kepha imnandi kakhulu: i-twitter-twitter-twitter kanye ne-crisp sonorous trill ekugcineni. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ingozi, umbulali whales umemeza kakhulu, isignali yabo ibukhali, ngamaqoqo amabili.
U-Fieldbird akayena umculi omuhle kakhulu, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zabamnyama, akadumile kule ndawo. Izwi lakhe likhulu. Lapho akha isidleke, uthule. Uma kudingeka isivikelo, umemeza u-"shak-shak-shak!" Emphefumulweni kungcono ulalele ukuthi ezinye izinyoni zezindawo zethu zokucula zihlabelela kanjani: ama-bluethroats kanye nezingxoxo, ama-gaiters kanye ne-redstart, izingwegwe nama-jackdaws, namanye ama-blackbirds, ekugcineni. I-Belobrovik kanye ne-blackbird, indwangu yamasaka kanye ne-songbird. Indawo yasemkhakheni ayishayi ikhwela, leyo yinto. Futhi ngaphandle kwempempe, iculo lihle futhi mhlawumbe aliyinyoni. Kodwa-ke, cha, kuyenzeka!
Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, i-lark ingakwenza lokhu: ithululela phezulu kakhulu, i-trill yayo eqhubekayo esheshayo izwakala iphakeme futhi kude. I-robin ivela ngokuphelele, i-curler ene-greenfinch, i-Finch. Beshaya ikhwela kancane. Futhi yeka umbandela waphezulu u-Oriole athululelwa kuwo! ILinnet, i-wren ne-kinglet ikhonkotha kakhulu nangobumnene, idlala phezulu futhi ngenjabulo.I-Oatmeal ne-penochki, ama-flycatchers kanye ne-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-sandworms nama-pikas, ama-starlings kanye nobukhazikhazi - imvelo yethu inothile ngama-vocalists! Kukhona i-Nightingale eyodwa esigangeni - isikhala sigcwele imisindo epharadesi! Kepha kusekhona ama-siscks nezinqola, ama-jay nezinsini ezihlekisayo, ngisho nama-shrikes anamazimu nojuba. Futhi kunezwi elizwakalayo, elihlekisayo kwaya kwaya jikelele - licula igolide. Ingoma yakhe igcwele imisindo ehlukahlukene ngakho-ke i-melodic kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi sizwa kuphela i-carduelis enesizungu, umndeni ungaculi. Akumnandi kakhulu kuye, ke.
Inyoni ye-kestrel inezimpawu eziyishumi ezahlukahlukene zemisindo ehlukene ngokuvama, ukuphakama, ivolumu ngokuya ngesimo. Leli zwi livame ukuzwakala kakhulu ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuhlanganisa. Abesifazane empeleni bacela ukudla kwabakhethiweyo babo, abondla unkosikazi nezingane. Njalo lapho eletha ukudla, iduna le-kestrel licula iculo lakhe. Umndeni wakhe kusobala ukuthi awulambile! Futhi ngobumnyama ungayizwa i-hoot enamandla yesikhova. Imvamisa ingoma yakhe inamaqoqo amabili aphindwe kaningi ngezwi eliphansi elinolaka: “W. guuuu. ", Futhi insikazi kwesinye isikhathi iyamphendula ngezwi eliphakeme kancane futhi hhayi phezulu, kepha iphimbo futhi alinalo uthando olukhulu kakhulu. Lawa mazwi azwakala kude, ngamakhilomitha amane. Izikhova zisebenzisa idatha yazo yezwi kakhulu, yize iculo lisahluleka. Bazama kanzima: bashaya ikhwela, futhi bakhale, futhi bethamba, kepha lokhu kububula kusekude kakhulu ne-melodic.
Kuyathakazelisa ngokufanayo ukuhlukanisa imisindo yezwi lezilwane ezifuywayo nezinyoni. Isibonelo, ama-canaries angamakhosi we-opera wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Imiculo yabo ibukeka ngathi ayiphindaphindeki, amagama ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ama-trill, amakhwela, i-twitter ngokuhlangana okungacatshangiwe. Kuthiwa endle eziQhingini zaseCanary, ukucula ama-canaries kuyinto enhle ngokwedlulele. Ekhaya, izinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lwe-canary ziyafuywa, kepha inani lazo alinakuqhathaniswa nobuningi bamapherishi - ukusuka kubungane abancane kakhulu ukuya kwabakhulu, isibonelo, ama-macaw. Zonke lezi zinyoni zingamlingisi onethalente elikhethekile, akusikho ngalutho ukuthi zifundiswa ukukhuluma, ezihlala ziphumelela ngemizamo efanele. Kepha, naphezu kokuthambekela kokulingisa, iphalishi ngalinye kufanele libe nengoma yalo, ezobe umnikazi wayo eyikhipha.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhala, ukumbumbuluza, ukubhaxabula njalo kusho okuthile okukhethekile. Ukusuka ekukhetheni kanye nokuqunjelwa kokuqala kweta, umuntu kufanele aqagele ukuthi inyoni ifunani: ukunakwa nje noma okuphakelayo okuncane. Izwi lopholi lihlala liyisicelo esichazayo. Uma umniniyo engaqondi, upholi uzokuphinda kakhulu futhi usike. Le nyoni imane “ihlasele” uma imatasatasa nanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elithandekayo. Uma isilwane sithokozile, singamemeza ngokuzwakalayo nangokuzwakalayo, kuze kufinyelele engubeni yengulube. Kwenzeka into efanayo uma upholi ulinyazwe, womathisiwe, ngokwesibonelo. Kufana nomuntu omemezayo lapho eshaya ngephutha ekhoneni yetafula. Uma upholi engekho esimeni somoya, wenza amahlazo: onke amazwi ezilwane ezimbi kakhulu awanakuqhathaniswa nalokhu kumemeza okusabekayo okungapheli. Kepha imvamisa imizwa yenyoni inenhliziyo enhle, ijabule futhi icula i- "viviki" enomnandi, "chaki", "ama-cocks", njengamanzi amancane entwasahlobo.
Budgerigar
Uma i-budgerigar "quacks", idonsela ukunakwa, uma i-kurps kanye nama-tweets, kugcwele futhi kuzolile, futhi uma kucula, udinga ukuyinikeza ukunambitha okumnandi, ngakho-ke icela ukwelashwa. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ezindaweni zabo ezishisayo zonke izimbotshana zicula kuphela uma zifuna ukuzalanisa, sonke isikhathi esingasazidingi. Ekudingisweni, udinga ukuthola imali yesinkwa, futhi ufuna ukuzijabulisa, kuyajabulisa ukuhlala ekheji. Akuwona wonke amapherishi anamazwi amnandi. Isibonelo, ama-cockatoos akhuluma ngokubabaza. Kodwa-ke, i-charm iyabathinta. Vumela izwi lenyoni ukuthi wonke umdweshu nodaka lukhale ngokuqhuma kuqhume, kodwa uma wenza okuvumayo, lesi sikhalo eside siyoyeka. Izilwane ezisendlini efanayo azivami ukuhlangana nepholiji enjalo. Ngokunokwenzeka, futhi kunzima ngabo ezindaweni ezishisayo ukuba baphile ndawonye noparrots onjalo.
Enye inyoni eshisayo - i-hummingbird - ihlangana kalula nawo wonke umuntu, yize beyizwa kuqala bese bezama ukuphuma. Ingoma yakhe kayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayimnandi njalo endlebeni yomuntu - imisindo ephakeme kakhulu, imisindo yokukhala, ukubhoboza. Lezi izingcingo zemizuzwana eyodwa nohhafu, zilandelwa yi-trill encane enejubane eliphansi. Inyoni encane kangako enezwi elincane nelinobudoda. Futhi endaweni ethile eseduze kwehlathi lemvula inyoni indiza, umhlambi wezikhumba zomsundu ungahlala emakhaleni ayo. Le nyoni iyi-toucan, kunabangaphezu kweshumi kwayo, futhi enye yayo isho isiza: “ITokano, iTokano. ". Amanye amagama awahambelani engomeni, kanti nengoma uqobo lwayo ifana nesele kunenyoni. Futhi inyoni enhle, iyagqama. Akuwenzi mqondo ukujabula, ama-toucans awapheli amandla. Lesi ngesinye sezinyoni ezizwakala kahle ehlathini lemvula.
Amaphayona ase-Afrika asuka eYurophu amangala lapho ezwa izwi lenyosi. Ubabaza kakhulu kunebhubesi, kepha akesabi. Ukujwayela lesi sikhalo, udinga ukuhlala epulazini lezintshe, mhlawumbe. Abesilisa kuphela abakhala, izintokazi zezinsikazi zivame ukuthula. Kuhle ukuthi ukukhala isikhathi eside ngesilwane akuvamisile ukuzwakala (yize kukubi ukuthi kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ekuseni noma ebusuku). Mlalele kude. I-pelican iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Esikhathini esiningi uvame ukuthula. Lapho isikhathi sezidleke siqala, koloni lwezikhumba zamaphimbo umuntu angakuzwa ukububula noma ukububula. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni ziyaxhumana, kanti namaphimbo awanayo izingoma ezinjalo.
Ama-penguin e-Antarctic angabantu abanobungane, bahlala bethulisa kancane, beshintsha ithoni. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ziyamemeza uma izingxabano zivela koloni. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ukunganeliseki kwabantu abangenandaba ngeke kwabelwe. Ama-penguins amancane akhuluma nabazali, ecela ukudla noma imfudumalo. Futhi-ke inkulumo yabo ifana nehlengethwa, kuthula kuphela ukuthula. Basebenzisa nolimi lwezandla kabanzi. Uma engenelisekile, ipenguin ibingavimba ukukhala kwezilwane eziningi ngezwi lakhe, le misindo ifana nethuluzi lethusi elinophimbo.
Futhi ngamanhlengethwa, kunalokho, kungukuxhumana ngamazwi athuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ulimi lunephalethi lomsindo ocebile. Ngezimpawu zayo, inkulumo dolphin nesihlobo ikhumbuza kakhulu ukukhuluma komuntu. Noma ngezinkawu, ingxoxo ifana neyethu. Into ukugcwala kwezimpawu zokukhuluma ngolwazi lwe-semantic. Amahlengethwa anento ephezulu kakhulu yokugcwalisa. Ukukhala okude kwesilwane kungasho lukhulu. Ukukhala kuphela, lezi zilwane zasolwandle zisebenzisa okungenani izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu nambili! Futhi ngayinye yazo iyinkulumo ekhonkolo yencazelo etshalwe emshweni. Futhi kubizwa, nokubingelela, nengozi, nenjabulo, nentukuthelo - konke lokhu kuyikho enkulumweni yehlengethwa. Futhi lesi silwane singumelaphi! Ama-dolphin aphatha izingane ezincane ze-autistic kanye nezingane ezikhubazeke ngengqondo.
Imikhomo ixoxa ngentshiseko nomunye, ngoba ayinakho okunye ukukhetha: ukubonakala emanzini kunqunyelwe, ukuhogela kuhle kakhulu. Kokubili emhlabeni nasemoyeni, akusabalali. Isimo sezingoma zomnumzane sinomsindo, siyaphindeka, sifana kakhulu namazwi omuntu. Ikakhulu phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana, izingoma zemikhomo ye-humpback neminye imikhomo ye-toothless ziyinkimbinkimbi, zihlukahlukene futhi zinhle. Isikhathi sonke abanye abayeki ukuxhumana, ngoba badinga ukuzulazula olwandle. Futhi imikhomo yokubulala yenza imisindo abayisebenzisela i-echolocation. Lokhu kuyimpempe, ukuchofoza, imisindo ekhalayo. Izilwane zizwakala kahle ubukhulu bokuthiwa, imisindo yomsindo owenziwayo ihlala imvama ephezulu. I-ripple iyashintsha kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho imisindo yokucula ihlukahlukene kakhulu.
IManatees ayikwazi ukucula kamnandi, yize ososayensi beyihambisa kuma-alamu. Ziyizilwane ezihlaselayo, kwesinye isikhathi ziyabubula noma zibhakuze, zikhipha izwi ekufeni kuphela, lapho zibulawa - zibubula ngokusobala, ngomuntu. Igama labo lesibili - izinkomo zasolwandle - lihambelana kuphela nomlingiswa othanda ukuthula. Manatees awekho. Ama-narwhals alungele kangcono incazelo yezinsimbi zasolwandle. Okungenani bangachofoza, bashaye ikhwela bese bebubula. Kepha ama-walruses ayakwazi ukuthumela amasignali ahlukahlukene ezihlotsheni. Ukukhala okude kwesilwane kufana nokukhala kwensimbi. Zingakwazi futhi ukuhexa, ukukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela, ukugoqa, ukugaya, ngisho nokubhonga. Yonke imisindo igcwele, ijulile.
Izimpawu zingama-vocalists ezinekhono ngokwengeziwe. Kunoma ikuphi - kunomsindo omkhulu, njengazo zonkehlambi. Eduze nolwandle, lapho kutholakala khona amatywina, izinkulumo zabantu azizwakali, azikwazi ukumenyezwa. Izimpawu zasendlovu namabhubesi asolwandle nawo akhuluma ngokungenangqondo: ungalalela kuphela ukububula okunjalo ngomdlandla. Kodwa-ke, izinsikazi zikhuluma ngenzalo le, ngobumnene, ngamazwi amnandi, ngisho nangomzwelo wabantu: “Ooty, nja yami!” Kepha ngokwethuka, lapho umhlambi uphunyuka kumkhomo ofanayo, wonke umuntu uyakhala kakhulu ngenkulu intokozo. Ikwaya yokubopha ifana nokubhonga komhlambi omkhulu wezinkomo ezethukile. Izimpawu ezinamathambo amhlophe ezimhlophe zingahle zibe uhlobo lwenhlokomo yasolwandle, izwi lazo liyamnandi kakhulu.
Ibhubesi lasolwandle, yiqiniso, imifino, lapho yaqanjwa ngalo. Kepha uvame ukusebenzisa isipho sakhe kwezinye izinjongo, ehola imali ngokudlulela kwezobuciko. EMpumalanga Ekude, ethekwini ngalinye kunohlobo oluthile lwesiteji lapho ibhubesi lasolwandle licela khona ukudla kwabadobi. Ngenxa yolimi lokuxhumana oluthuthukisiwe, izihlambi zasendlovu ziyakwazi ukubona isihlobo ngasinye emndenini omkhulu ngesigqi sokukhuluma nokuphambuka kwezwi. Ngamunye unendlela yakhe. Ukusuka ezwini lowesilisa omkhulu owethulwe ezinkulwini zezindlovu ezingaphandle ukuqoshwa, izilwane zaqala ukusakazeka, futhi ukuqoshwa kwezwi lowomeleli obuthakathaka kwabazwisa ulaka.
Izifudu zasolwandle nezomhlaba, kufaka phakathi izimfudu zomhlaba, zithathwa njengezilwane ezithule kakhulu. Kepha noma kunjalo, imisindo eyisithupha ehlukahlukene isetshenziswe ngokuqondile ekuxhumaneni nezihlobo nezingane, ososayensi babaliwe. Lokhu kuklonyeliswa ngokudonswa ekhanda ngendlela eyethusayo nokungaxutshwe nalutho, ngokuchofoza umhlathi, ukushaya ikhwela uma kubhukuda, imisindo eminingana efana nokugwaza. Kodwa izingwenya ngesikhathi sokuzala azinamahloni ngokugquma kwazo okukhonkotha. Kamuva, izingwenya ezincane zibiza abazali bazo ngezwi uma kunesidingo. Abadala baphendula ngokumemeza okukhulu. Isilwane siyiphinda kaninginingi, abanye bayasikhuza. Yize izirhubuluzi ezinje zingenazinsiza zezwi, zifunde ukuxhumana. Ngisho ne-iguana yenza imisindo efana nehlokomo noma insimbi yomsindo omkhulu. Kepha izinyoka zikhala konke, futhi le ngxoxo ayibheki kahle umuntu.
Inyoka buthule iphila iningi lempilo yayo, idinga imisindo kuphela ukwesabisa isitha. Ekuzingeleni, lokhu akudingekile kuye. Nasi ixoxo: ama-amphibians anezinto zokusebenza ezilungiselelwe lokho okudingekayo, nge-generator enomsindo kanye nesandisi somsindo esinamandla, yingakho wonke umuntu enomona wedatha yezwi. Kepha inyoka ethule izomthatha kalula umuntu othathwe yingoma yakhe. Kokubili ixoxo nenhlwathi kuzokhonkotha kakhulu futhi kube nenjabulo uma ingcindezi yasemkhathini iguquka ibe yimvula. Kuzoba nezimpukane eziningi, ziphindaphindeke zinomswakama, ngakho-ke ama-amphibians ajabula. Futhi ngokweqiniso, bazuza. Impukane ayinazo izitho zokukhishwa komsindo, ngaphandle kwamaphiko ayo, eziyidonsa ngamakhulu amaningana ngomzuzwana. Kungakho-ke kukhuza ngokungalingani - kungaba kakhulu noma buthule: izikhathi ezingamakhulu amathathu ngomzuzwana noma ngamakhulu amahlanu, lokhu ngumehluko.
Lalelani isimangaliso
Ama-Amphibian nawo abamba omiyane ngobumnandi. Lokhu kucwila kithina kuyacasula ngokungathandeki, futhi hhayi okokwetha okunexoxo. Yiqiniso, leli akulona izwi lomiyane, kodwa futhi nezimpiko ezivama ukuguquguquka. Kodwa-ke, omiyane besilisa nabesifazane kuzwakala ngokuhlukile, futhi imisindo yokundiza komiyane abadala nabancane yehlukile, njengoba ososayensi benqume ngezinsimbi zabo eziqondile. Izintambo zezinambuzane eziningi azisebenzi nje kuphela, kepha futhi zinomculo. Isibonelo, amakhethini emazweni asempumalanga ayelimele ngokukhethekile futhi agcinwe ekhaya, njengezimbobo zezingoma, yize kungenjalo kusuka umphimbo kwenza imisindo ethandekayo, kepha ngokuqubuzana kwamaphiko ngemilenze yayo yangasemva. Ekuthunjweni, ama-crickets akahlabeleli hhayi kuphela ebusuku, kodwa futhi naphakathi nosuku.
Utshani basebenzisa inqubo efanayo. Kwake kwenzeka, umqambi wezingoma uJim Wilson wezwa uthotho futhi wafuna ukumazi kahle umculo wakhe. Ulalele ukuqoshwa uhamba kancane futhi wezwa ukuculwa kwezingilosi - ngokuvumelana okuphelele nemiculo emnandi kakhulu. Zombili ikhilikithi kanye notshani benza izingoma ezinde, ukuqasha, ukubhoboza, futhi bayazi nokuthi bangazinikeza kanjani izexwayiso ezimfushane zezimbangi zezimbangi zabo. Kwabesifazane abanhliziyo ngenhliziyo benza umusi wobusuku onobuthi, futhi futhi badanse ngasikhathi sinye.
AmaCicadas anomgomo ohluke ngokuphelele wokukhishwa komsindo, ngoba afakwe isitho esikhethekile - amasimbali. Lawa ama-membranes esiswini sowesilisa, abese eba nzima. Bayaphumula, kuzwakala umsindo. Isikhulisi “sixhunyiwe” emalungeni, okukuvumela ukuba ulethe iculo ngenombolo enkulu yabalaleli ababonga. Kuze kube amakhilomitha isikhala simbozwa yilaba baculi abahle. Kwavela namakhophi. Kukhona isilwane sasendle esinje esibizwa ngokuthi ibhere. Akekho omthandayo, ikakhulukazi abantu. Idla izitshalo ezibalulekile ngokomnotho kubo, idla zonke izimpande. Ngakho-ke, ihlala icashe ngaphansi komhlaba. Kusihlwa, amabhere aphumela ngaphandle aqale ukuxoxa. Akutholakali kubi ukwedlula i-cicadas, ukuzwa kwabo kuhle. Lapho nje umuntu ephethe ifosholo, ebhekisisa umsindo, ibhere liyathula. Ngifuna ukuphila.
Ama-wasps kuphela angamesabi umuntu. Ama-waster nawo awanazo izitho ezizala umsindo, kepha "akhuluma" nabantu futhi komunye nomunye ngendlela enenhlonipho futhi enjengebhizinisi ngokungesabi. Uhla lwemisindo lubanzi kakhulu, i-wasp ingakwazi ukubiza ngezwi eliphakeme, bese iphansi, bese ngokuqhubekayo, bese ijerkyly. Noma ehleli ngqo emvishini futhi edla ujamu kubantu, uphakamisa izicubu zamaphiko, axwayise ngokuthi: “Ungazihluphi!” Uyawazi amandla akhe: uyakhonya futhi akafanga njengenyosi. Ngokuphambene nalokho: izokugwaza, nokuningi, nokuningi. Inyosi inikela ngokuphila kwayo kanye nokugwaza, okuhlala lapho yagwazwa khona, kanye nengxenye yokugaya ukudla nezinye izitho eziningi. Wenza umsindo ohlukile endizeni, futhi ulimi lwezinyosi lokukhulumisana luthuthukiswe kahle kakhulu: kunokudansa nokuhogela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi bayakwazi ukuzwa omunye komunye, kodwa kunalokho bazizwe. Njengengozi.
Ibhere inezwi elibi, kepha izinyosi azinandaba nomthamo wazo, into esemqoka ukuthi unganikeli uju. Futhi ibhere liyakhonona, futhi kubhonga - ngeze, kusakuluma. Futhi uma ukwazile ukuthola okukhona endaweni, khona-ke ibhere ihlinzekela uthando ngamawundlu ngokushaya nokushaya. Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo, amabhere angahlokoma, aphume embhedeni futhi akhwehlele, aze acasuke, athi “ummm” wawo ngebhadi futhi nangaphansi. Futhi uma amawundlu elalela, ibhere liyaduma ngeneliseka. Kakhulu futhi, kucishe kufane nogandaganda. Kepha akumangazi ukuzwa umkhulungwane ngebhere, njenge-tweet noma isililo se-goose. Ngisho ne-panda isongela ukuhlekisa: ngokushesha iyamxaka, ibhaqa amazinyo, ngisho nokukhonkotha. Kepha uma i-panda ihluliwe, kusho ukuthi kuyaphatha kabi noma kunikela.
I-koala futhi ibukeka ifana nebhere yethu, futhi akuyona ibhere, ngokomqondo, ibizwa nje ngokuthi ibhere ize ikhiphe, bese isetshenziswa. Izwi le-koala likhulu kakhulu, aliyona nje ukubhonga, kepha yizwi lesilo. Njengoba imbongolo eziyinkulungwane zazimemeza noma umhlambi wezindlovu uyakhala. Akusizanga ngalutho ukuthi onjiniyela bemisindo bakhethe i-koala yokuveza izwi lomashiqela kwifilimu i-Jurassic Park, okwathi kuyethusa ngempela. Kepha eqinisweni, lokhu kuyi-marsupial eyehlukile: idla amaqabunga eucalyptus, ayithinti esinye sezilwane. Ibhere lethu lithanda nokudla kwezitshalo futhi liziphatha luju, kepha alusoze lwenqaba inyama. Ngakho-ke, lapho nje bembona ehlathini, wonke umuntu uzobaleka indlela.
Ngisho ne-elk, isilwane esinamandla, nesisindo sengxenye yetani, sizothatha umoya ojulile futhi ujulile, simemeze ezihlotsheni zayo "oooh!" noma "uhhhhh!" bese ugoqela ohlangothini, wephula ubuhlalu. Ama-elk gasps ngokuzwakalayo nje futhi athatha amawundlu. Imvamisa imisindo yomlomo kukhulunywa kancane, imvamisa bakwenza lokhu ngomlomo wabo uvalekile.Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi enkulu bakhala kakhulu. Izilwane zizwa ama-moose akuvamile futhi ngenxa yalokho zikhungatheka ngokushesha nokukhathazeka. Ama-Deers - amahle futhi asenyakatho - nawo athule. Ukugquma kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalela, lapho izimpi ziqalwa hhayi ngokuphila, kodwa ngokufa. Lezi zingoma ziqukethe ukudonsa ngokufutheka, okuphindwa kaninginingi manje ngokububula, manje kunendawo enkulu, manje ephansi, manje ephezulu, bese kune-Wheezing. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala zakha umsindo phezu komoya okhishwa ngamakhala. Lokhu kuboniswa yinyamazane, nezinkomo, namakamela. Ama-kulans nezimbongolo kuphela angakhiqiza umsindo ngokuphefumula kanye nangomoya.
Ngakho-ke ihhashi alikwazi ukwenza lokho. "I-iggo" yakhe yendodana yakhe ijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona sonke isichazamazwi esisetshenziswa amahhashi ukuxhumana nomunye nangomuntu. Lapho behlangana, la mahhashi amabili ayahlumelana, ahlangane ngokubingelela futhi asho okufana nalokhu: "yyyy-yyyy-yy-g." Jabulile "IIIiiiiiiiiii. "Bahlangana nomsingathi. Futhi uma emgwaqweni wehlathi uzwakala ngokungathi yimpisi, ihhashi lizokhipha isilumkisa lixwayise: "Iiiii-giii-gi-gi-gooooo!". Uma ihhashi ligxwala kumuntu noma licela amanzi, lisho kafushane: "Iiiiggg!" Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yingxoxo phakathi kwehhashi ne-mare. Ukhuluma naye ngokubabazeka okukhulu, ngisho nangebhonga, “Iiiigogoooo!”, Futhi umphendula ngobuqili futhi ngokuhlangana: “Iiiigigigi!” Kulokhu, bobabili empeleni bakhala kakhulu emakhaleni, bakhiphe umoya ngomsindo.
Izinkomo ziyakwazi nokumbumbana ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, imizwa yakhe isheshe izwakale ngokuzwakala. Kwesinye isikhathi ububula kakhulu, efuna ukuncelisa, ukudla, amanzi noma ukwesaba. Izwi lakhe lingaveza injabulo, nokuhlupheka nothando. Futhi yeka indlela axhumana ngayo nothando nethole lakhe! Futhi yeka ukububula kwakhe lapho kukhubeka kumhlambi wezinkomo! Lesi isilwane esihle kakhulu. Imisindo yawo wonke umuntu ihlukile, imisindo ingahluka. I-buffalo kwesinye isikhathi i-moo, injengeNkomo, kepha ngokuvamile izwi layo lingezwakala kakhulu. Ngaphakathi emhlanjini, izinkunzi ziyahlokoma, ngisho zikrwada, uma isimo sizolile. Ebungozini, babhonga kakhulu. Ukuxhumana kwabo kuthuthukiswe kahle - izibonakaliso eziningi ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwesibalo, ukufana ngakunye kunemibala yemizwa. Amathole angabiza usizo nge-moo elincanyana, umhlambi uzofika. Kodwa-ke, banikeza izibonakaliso eziningi kakhulu komunye nomunye ngosizo lwezimpawu zomzimba - ukuhamba komsila, ikhanda, izimpondo, ekugcineni.
Inkomo
Izihlobo zabo, inyathi kanye nenyathi nakho - ngezwi elizwakala kakhulu. Izilwane ziyaxoxa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho zizwa isifiso sokuzala ezinkomeni. Amakhonsathi anjalo angezwakala noma kukude ngamakhilomitha ayishumi, uma inyathi inika izwi ngasikhathi sinye. Imisindo yezilwane zasendle namazwi asetshenziswa kaningi kunokwasekhaya. Isibonelo, izimbongolo azithuleli, kepha izihlobo zazo zasendle azinjalo. Izingoma zabo zinamacilongo, zinomsindo omkhulu futhi zinzima, amathuluzi ezwi awaguquki njengawamahhashi. Isibonelo, amadube asondele kakhulu kunehhashi kunembongolo, uma sicabangela izindlela zokuxhumana. Izwi le-zebra, noma kunjalo, libukeka lincane kakhulu njengezwi lehhashi; ngamathoni agxiliwe phezulu, iqhubu esikhundleni sokuzwakala. Kuzwakala inyamazane kuyo. Ngokunokwenzeka, imvelo yayinikeza i-zebra ukuze isinde: ukufihla okuhle, uma ngisho nemibungu ibalekela izwi layo.
Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziningi ziletha izinto ezithile ezimangazayo umuntu ngezikhathi ezithile. Omunye umlimi usebenzisa i-llama yakhe epulazini njengonogada. Ufunde ukukopisha kahle amazwi abanye abantu futhi ushayela ngempumelelo ama-coyotes. Ama-Zebras akagcini ngokukhula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi akhonkotha. Ama-peacocks meow uma anelisekile ngokwawo. IBallina's pink flamesos enomusa emhlambini iklabalasa ngokumangazayo ngezwi eliphansi elimnandi. Izilwane azidinwa ukusimangaza. Ikamela lingakhula ngamandla, kepha ingabe kuyaqabukela, amahlandla ambalwa empilweni, kwenzeka njalo. Abaphathekile, badinga amanani amakhulu wamandla futhi badinga ukuvikeleka. Emhlambini, amakamela awashayisani futhi awazikhohlisi ngendlela enobungane, awekho kuwo.
Izwi le-alpaca liyamangaza: likhula njengamakhwele, kepha limnene kakhulu. Ukucabanga le ngoma, udinga ukuzwa amanothi aphansi kakhulu kwirekhodi. Kepha futhi kusuka kumakamela! Kuyinhlanhla ukuthi intamo ayimude njengalendlulamithi, futhi izintambo zezwi zisebenza kahle impela. Kunzima ukuthi izindlulamithi zikhulume, akukho zwi. Izinsikazi ziqhume ngokuthula lapho zisongelwa kumawundlu. Izindlulamithi ezincane, njengamathole, ziyakhala uma zicelwa ukuba zizondle. E-zoo, indlulamithi yenza imisindo ethile, okumangazayo lapho kungekho khona ngokuphelele kwensiza yezwi. Endle, isilwane akunakwenzeka ukuthi siphumelele.
Izithangami zase-Afrika zinokukhala okumfishane, okusheshayo futhi kaningi okuphindaphindwayo - ukukhonkotha kanye nezinsimbi, futhi inyamazane yethu engezansi inecilongo elihlanzekile, ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Izinyoni zinikeza izwi lazo buthule futhi zicace. Izinyamazane zabesifazane ezithi ziyacishe zibe yi-squeal, abesilisa banamazwi aphansi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi bezwe ukuthi imbuzi yasezintabeni ikhonkotha kanjani ngesikhathi sengozi nokuthi ibubula kanjani lapho inesikhathi sokuvuthwa komzimba. Isikhathi sonke, abantu abadala bavame ukuthula, bese ukukhula okuncane kufiphalaze kancane, kwenziwe imisindo eminyene nengaphakathi. Izwi lezilwane zasendle lihlukaniswa kangcono ngumzingeli noma umzingeli. Umuntu ohlala emadolobheni uyazi kude nakho konke mayelana nabasekhaya. Buza abantu emgwaqweni, njengoba imbuzi isho - “beeeee” noma “meeeee”, hhayi bonke abazophendula ngendlela efanele. (Uma kwenzeka nje: impendulo eyiyo ithi "yimi", ebusayo kakhulu kunokuthi "yiba" ngenqama.)
Izimvu ezifuywayo azikwazi nje kuphela “ukubabaza”, zikhala ngezimo ezahlukahlukene, futhi zibubula lapho zinamawundlu, namazwibela, exwayisa ukuthi manje uzothukuthela. Idlozi lezimvu yi-mouflon yasendle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminyaka eyikhulu idlulile selokhu kuthunjwa, amazwi nendlela yokuxhumana kulezi zilwane azikashintshi futhi namanje ziyefana. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ukuphuma kwegusha kuba nemibala emangazayo, ehexisayo. Vele, ngeke "badlale ngamakhala abo" njengoba kwenza izingulube, kepha kubuye kube muhle kakhulu. Ukushona njengezingulube, nazo azazi ukuthi kanjani. Kepha ohlwanyela ngempumelelo ungeza isimbumbulu ku-grunt lapho esekulungele ukuzala. Abantu bavame ukuphikisana ngokuthi ubani onobuhlakani - izingulube noma izinja. Ososayensi banquma ukuthi izingulube, yize izinja zinezindlela eziningi zokuxhumana.
Izinja ziyakhulumisana ngempela, zikuqonda kahle lokho okungena ngaphakathi. Ngisho nabantu bayahluka lapho inja yabo ixwayisa ngokuvela komfokazi, kuthi lapho imane icele ukwelashwa, lapho ijabule ngokufika kwamalungu omndeni nalapho esaba ingozi. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinamazwi ahlukene, imisindo enikezwa owesilisa nowesifazane nayo ihlukile. I-Terriers iyakhuluma, ama-greyhound athule. Kodwa noma kunjalo bayakwazi ukuxhumana. Inja iyakwazi ukukhala uma idinga usizo, ikhula ngokudlala noma ngokwesabisa, okuhluke kakhulu. Lapho inja inezinhlungu, iyakhala uma ikhonkotha isikhathi eside - lobu ubutha, lapho bufushane futhi buqine - ukubingelela. Imveku inekhonkotha kakhulu, ikhala uma igula noma nje ifuna ukuvula umnyango. Izinja zabantu abadala zikhala, ngokwesibonelo, izinja ezi-husky kumisindo yomculo. By the way, lokhu kuziphatha kungabuye kudale impikiswano ye-choral, njengempisi ekhala ezinjeni. Futhi, abantu abadala basebenzisa ukukhamuluka okukhulu, njengokungathi bafuna ukukhonkotha noma ukucindezela ukukhonkotha. Lokhu ukuqaphela, isilwanyana esifuywayo sikhombisa ukuthi iyiphi ingozi ebhekene nayo.
Sizwa ukukhala kwengcuka noma inja futhi sicabange: sini lesi silo esikhuluma ngaso, yiluphi ulwazi oluqukethwe kule misindo e-viscous ne isililo? Mhlamunye impisi ibheke enyangeni futhi kubonakala ngathi iyadliwa, futhi ilambile. Ngempela, yeka ukuthi iqhakaza lenyanga libukeka kanjani njengeqanda eliqhekezayo epanini lesibhakabhaka elimnyama! Kodwa-ke, silula kakhulu. Izimpisi zikhala izindaba ezinde komunye nomunye, kepha lezi zindaba zinakho konke: imidwebo yezwe, izindawo ezidwetshiwe, kanye namamephu anemininingwane ananyathiselwe, futhi indawo yento ngayinye ekulelo mephu ingatholakala. Izimpisi zinolimi olucebile kakhulu.
Lalelani ukuthi impisi iyalila kanjani
Futhi izimpungushe azikwazi ukuxhumana kuphela ngezwi nangokuthinta, kepha futhi nangocingo! Kodwa-ke, zinesibonakaliso somsindo esiningi impela: iyashaywa, i-sniping, i-rumbing, i-khula yokukhwehlela, ukukhonkotha okuhlukahlukene okuthukile. Ngakho-ke, kudlulisa imininingwane emayelana nemizwelo ehlukahlukene, imizwa, ngisho nenhlala-kahle. Umsindo "ururu" uzwakala kakhulu kaningi futhi isikhathi ngasinye kusho okuthile okukhethekile. Ngisho nezimpungushe ezincane kunazo zonke ziyakwazi ukukuhumusha, futhi zona ngokuzalwa zibiza umama wazo ngale ndlela. Futhi singabuka futhi silalele imisindo yezilwane, ukuze ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi kube ngcono ukufunda ukuqonda izinkinga zabo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zaseNyakatho Melika yi-coyote, uma uvakashela izindawo zokufunda futhi ungakuzwa ukucula kwakhe, umbono ngeke uphelele. Izingoma ze-coyote zinde futhi zihlukahlukene, usebenzisa i-arsenal enkulu yamathuluzi afinyelela ikhwela. Ojoka nabo bayakhuluma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona, njengama-huskies, bacula kanye nemisindo yento enamanzi, ukukhala kwenhlabamkhosi noma umsindo wezinsimbi. Unomculo kakhulu. Izinhlwayi zazo kanye nokwesula kwehluka ngokuzingela nangamaholidi embuthanweni womndeni. Izimpawu zomsindo zihlala zisho okuthile okukhethekile. Ama-Hyenas nawo axhumana ngephakethe ngosizo lwemisindo ehlukahlukene. Okudume kakhulu kubo, yiqiniso, ukuhleka. Eqinisweni, i-hyenas ayihlekisi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqondile ungena ekubonakalisweni kwangaphandle: ukukhala, ukububula noma ukuhleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela i-hyena ebonakalayo engahleka, futhi kuphela ukukhamuluka okukhulu, ukukhala okuyihaba nokugedla okukhonkolo kukhiphe i-hyena emthende nensundu.
AmaSkunks aqhathaniswa nama-hyenas athule. Iqoqo lemisindo abanayo lincane. Imvamisa kakhulu bayakhala uma othile ebaphazamisa. Isilwane sibucayi, futhi siyingozi, yize sincane ngosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-skunk iyimfihlo, ayidingi i-repertoire enkulu. I-squirrel yethu nayo ayisona isidalwa esinokuthakazeka kakhulu, kepha izwi layo livama kakhulu futhi lihlukahlukene. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akuyona ukukhala noma ukukhonona. Esikhundleni salokho, phunga futhi ube yi-twitter, njengamanye amagundane amancane. I-beaver isebenza kanzima kakhulu ukukhuluma okuningi. Isikhathi eside lesi silo ngokuvamile sasibhekwa njengesimungulu. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuzwakala izwi lesilwane sasendle. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhale kakhulu, icilongo, uma ukuhlaselwa kowesilisa kwenziwa kumphikisi. Kepha imvamisa yokwesabisa, ezwakala kaningi, iphansi kakhulu; abantu bangahle bangayizwa bekude. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ama-beavers abubula, ngendlela efanayo nowesifazane axhumana ngayo nama-beaver. Cube zingakhala ngokuzwakalayo ngamazwi aphezulu. Ama-Otter ayizilwane zomculo ngokungajwayelekile, ngisho nabantu basebenzisa izwi labo ezingomeni zabo. Lokhu kuyimpempe, nokuthinta okungokomzwelo. Kubukeka njengohlobo oluthile lwenyoni enkulu nehlekisayo kakhulu.
Ama-hares ayisimungulu. Ziyaqubuka ezikhathini eziyingozi zokubhoboza ngokungabekezeleleki. Intsha inezwi eliphakeme, abantu abadala banezwi eliphansi. Kepha wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi angakhamuluka kakhulu kangangoba ihlathi lonke ligijimayo kulokhu kukhalela - kusuka izimpungushe nezinduna kuya kwezikhova namabhere. Futhi ama-hares angashesha, ancibilike ngokushesha, aqumbe, alandise izindaba zawo. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi lokhu bakwenza ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Kepha ziqhuma buthule, kungalesi sigaba esiseduze kuphela lapho le misindo ingabanjwa. Kwenzeka into efanayo nogwaja: ayancwina, futhi amemeze, futhi aqhume, futhi akhala ngisho nasezinhlungwini, njengezingane zabantu. Kepha ama-raccoon adotshwa kakhulu uma engathandi okuthile. Kepha lezi zilwane zijabule kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuzwa izwi lazo.
Ngeke siwazi wonke amazwi ezilwane, ngoba inhlobo ngayinye inolimi lwayo lokuxhumana phakathi komphakathi. Emakati, lokhu ikakhulukazi ukushukuma komzimba, ukuhamba komsila, yize bebejwayela ukutholela ukudla okuvela kumuntu noma ukumtshela ngezidingo zabo. Ngazo zombili, kungcono kakhulu zikhala noma zikhala kakhulu uma zixabana noma zishada. Umhlaba wamakati uhlala uthule. Kunombono wokuthi ukuhlanza ikati kuyelapha. Impela kungenzeka! Bahlala belele endaweni ebuhlungu kakhulu: bafudumeza umnikazi noma bazifudumeze, ngoba izicubu zomzimba zihlala zinamazinga okushisa aphezulu endaweni enesifo. Futhi i-purring ivumelanisa nokuphefumula komuntu, ukuyilawula, kunciphisa isimiso sezinzwa. Amakati asendle ehlathini angalingisa izwi lezinye izilwane ezinjengempisi eqhamuka enganekwaneni ekhuluma ngezingane eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphandle kokuphamba, abahlali ekuzingeleni!
I-lynx yethu nayo ingumzingeli omangalisayo, kodwa angazi ukuthi ungalingisa kanjani izwi lezinyoni noma ama-hares. Ngokuvamile, izinkulumo zakhe azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ezimnandi: lokhu kukhala ngamanothi we-hysterical, i-creak, i-Wheeling. Ngaleyo ndlela basabisa izimbangi noma abafake izicelo endaweni yabo: izwi labo elibi kakhulu, wawina. I-lynx ayigcini ngokugeleza kuphela, kodwa futhi iyanisela lapho ibiza amawundlu. Lapho uhlukanisa izindawo, lokhu, empeleni, akuyona ibhubesi ebhongayo, kodwa kubukeka kunje. Ibhubesi alikhulumi ngisho, liduma njengokuduma kwezulu. Ukwesaba kuchichima isikhala samakhilomitha amaningi ngemuva kokubhonga kwengonyama. Konke kuthule, hhayi umsindo. Njengokungathi ngephupho lokuzikhohlisa zonke izilwane eziningi.
Lalela ibhubesi likhalela
Ngisho namahlosi afana kakhulu namakati, yize nawo ebubula futhi eguguleka ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi ukukhala kwezilwane zasendle ezethembisa ingozi kuthwalwa kude. Uma umuntu ezwa izwi le-tiger eduze, uyomangala. Izindlela zokuxhumana zalaba bantu abahlukumezanayo zifana namakati asekhaya: kuwukuphefumula okubi nokukhala, nokubhonga okulele ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, nokukhwehlela okufutheka okuqhubekayo. Ngisho namahlosi angagqwala, futhi adle izindwani, akhononde, abubule, futhi ancibilike. Futhi bahlanzeka kanjani! Kepha okuhle ngaphezu kwakho konke bayazi ukuthi bathula kanjani: ngokubabazekayo, njalo, ngokuhlakanipha. Lokhu bakwenza kaningi. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngengwe. Ngokuvamile abesilisa nabesifazane baxhumana nemisindo. I-repertoire iyafana.
Futhi izingulule cishe azifani namakati. Ngokunokwenzeka, lezi akuzona amakati. Uma kuphela ngoba awondli, kodwa akhonkotha futhi wap. Kepha ngaphezulu ngoba umthambo wabo ufana nomndeni we-canine. Bayazi ukuthi zikhula kanjani, kepha lokhu akuyona ukubhonga kwengonyama noma ihlosi. Kulula ukuzwa i-jaguar futhi kubukeka njengomndeni wekati layo ngokuphelele. Ibuye izwakale futhi ihlanza, ukukhonkotha kukhwehlela uma uthukuthele. Imibhoshongo icishe ifane nebhubesi. Izwi lejaguar, njengamakhorali, liqhathaniswa nempempe engenangqondo. Kepha esimweni sokuzola, ama-cougars purr amnandi, kungathi angamakati asekhaya. IGenetta, futhi, ayiveli esizweni sekati, kepha ivela kumkhonto, kepha ibukeka njengekati: uyacabanga, aqonde, avele, futhi lapho muhle, uyahlanza.
Imbongi ithule; endle, isilwane esincane asinakwenza ngenye indlela. Lapho zivikela, isilwane esesabekayo singakhula futhi yap. Uma uthola umfelokazi endaweni yesehlakalo - endaweni yenkukhu, yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Bathi uyazi ukuthi angazenga kanjani izinkukhu ngengoma ekhethekile, kepha kuze kube manje akekho noyedwa owubonile lomlingo onje. Kepha lo olulelayo ukhuluma kakhulu, ngoba ngokuzithandela ujwayela umuntu futhi abe isilwane. Imisindo yezwi lakhe ihluke kakhulu: i-ferret ingakhonkotha ngisho nenjabulo, injabulo, ukungajabuli, ukucasuka. Mhlawumbe umfelokazi angakwazi ukukhonkotha njengenkukhu, bese izinyoni zidedela? Umuntu oqinisile uyazi ukuthi kanjani. Ubuye futhi asongele - uyasongela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uyancipha ephusheni.
AmaMongooses, ikakhulukazi anemichilo, akhuluma ngokungathi awomuntu: inkulumo yawo onkamisa kanye nokhonsonanti aze avele abe ngamagama ahlukile. Futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yonke inhlanganisela yomsindo igcwele ulwazi olungasebenzi okwamanje okwamanje nakulesi simo. Indlela yokuxhumana ye-mongoose ifana kakhulu neyomuntu. Ukukhuluma nomuntu ovilaphayo futhi kuyivila, izwi lakhe alizwakali kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ekhathazeka ngempela, umemeza kancane, ashintshe izibabelelo ezinde nezifushane. Ingoma iphenduka ibe dreary, kube sengathi isilwane sikhala ngokukhathazeka.
Meerkats ikhwela njalo njalo. Umugqa womsindo walawa makhwela ungabalwa ezimeni eziyishumi ezihlukile eziboniswe ohlotsheni oluthile lwesiginali. Ama-Marmots acishe abe nenombolo efanayo yokuhlanganiswa kweleonon. Izexwayiso zeHazard azinikwanga ngokufana futhi zincike kuhlobo lwensongo. Kuzo zonke izilwane zomphakathi, uhlelo lokuxhumana luthuthukiswa kakhulu, ngoba baphoqelekile ukuxhumana. Izilwane ezifuywayo zigcina cishe zonke izici zokubonisa ngemisindo yesimo sazo.Isibonelo, izingulube ze-guinea zingakhonkotha, zikhonkotha, zikhononde, zikhale, okukhombisa ukwaneliseka noma ukwesaba, ukuxwayisa noma ulaka. Ngemizwa ebuhlungu, bayancipha, uma bengathandi okuthile, bacofa amazinyo abo ngokuzwakalayo.
Indlovu nayo iyisilwane esesidlangalaleni, kepha ayidlulisi miyalezo ngemisindo yayo eminingi. Kepha singakuthola ngokunembile ukukhala kwesilwane okukhona kuso indlovu izwe - ejabule, ethukuthele noma ezolile. Ishaya umsindo wokuphakama okungafani. Kungaba yisiphi isibonakaliso esinikezwe ngesibumbu: isichotho esinokwaneliseka, ukubhonga okunamandla, umsindo ohlaba umkhosi wecilongo. Indlovu inamakhono amaningi: iyakwazi ukubala, ukudweba, ukudonsa nokulingisa imisindo efana namahlengethwa noma imikhomo, namalulwane nezinyoni ezithile.
Lalelani umaNdlovu eshaya
Izindlovu zingaqhuma kakhulu, kepha imvubu ayinakukwazi ukumemeza - ngaphezu kwamakhulu angama-decibels. Empeleni baxhumana nezihlobo, kepha akudingeki basondele kulokhu. Akhiwe ayikhulu namakhulu amabili amamitha ngokwahlukana, futhi akhuluma ngokungathi ahlala eduze kwebhentshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba ngaphansi kwamanzi, imvubu izwelana kahle futhi iphendula! Kunamagama amaningi ku-lexicon: ukudonsa kakhulu, ukububula, ukubhonga, ukugcona, ngisho nomakhelwane, ababebizwa ngalo ngokuthi yihhashi laseNayile ezikhathini zakudala. Imishini yokukhipha umsindo ongaphansi kwamanzi ososayensi ayikafundwa.
IRhini, ngokungafani nemvubu, ayingozi kangako futhi ayiyona intukuthelo enkulu. Futhi izwi labo linjalo-nje, alivezi obala futhi lihlukile. Imvamisa ubhejane ophazamisekile ukhala kakhulu, bese izinsikazi zibubula ngamawundlu. Kuphela kungobungozi obusobala obungaqalwa obhejane kakhulu noma lapho belimele. AmaKangaroos aziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwelinye izwekazi. Bacishe bangakhulumi bodwa, bavele baqale ngokubaleka, uma omunye wezihlobo engakhwehlela ekhala ngokuzwakalayo. Le alamu. Uzwakala uthule impela, kepha i-kangaroo inendlebe emangalisayo. Bayizilwane eziqaphile, zihlala ziqaphile.
Esinye isilwane esidlangalaleni yinkawu. Wonke umuntu uzothi ukuziphatha komphakathi wezinkawu ngokwesibalo sezindlela zokuxhumana akunakuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Basebenzisa i-larynx yabo engaphezulu ngamaphesenti ayikhulu, benza imisindo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukahlukene, futhi lapho bephuma, izinkawu zingavele ngisho njengezinyoni. AbakwaHowler banika amakhonsathi okulinganisa ukubhonga kwengonyama nokugaya kwethanga lasekhaya, kuyakhala futhi kukhale ngenkulumo ebaluleke kakhulu ebusweni babo. Kuhlala kube nomuntu ohlabelela ingoma kule kwaya: nguyena oshaya ihlombe ngokungafani nesizinda sokucula amabhele anentshebe.
Ama-Gibbons awakhathali ukwandisa i-repertoire yawo, futhi akhetha ukucula ngokwe-choral, kepha, ngokungafani nokwesabisayo, bacula kakhulu ihlanzekile, cishe namazwi abantu. Ama-orangutan ayakwazi futhi ukwenza imisindo efana nokuthetha kwabantu ngesigqi kanye ne-tempo. Izibalo ngokuvamile zihlakaniphe kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, i-gorilla, ngemishini yayo engaphelele yamazwi, ayikwazi ukukhiqiza inkulumo, kepha ifunda kalula ulimi lwezandla. Futhi amagama ayafundwa, aqondwe futhi aqondwe. Ososayensi bathi ama-gorilla akwazi ukukhumbula amagama angaphezu kwenkulungwane. Izinkawu ziyi-laconic, kwanele ukuba zikwazi ukukhuluma imisindo emine kuya kwemihlanu, ezinye, njengawo wonke ama-primates, zixhaswe ngokuthinta.
Ezilwaneni zomphakathi ezinendlela yokuphila ebusuku, ukuxhumana kungenziwa kuphela ngosizo lwezwi. Isibonelo, amalulwane endizeni ejagelayo ayancipha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Imisipha yabo emincane ihlangana namanye amazwi ezilwane nezinyoni, kodwa amagundane aluzana kahle futhi ahlukanise nesihlobo esinye sezihlobo kwesinye. Amahhashi asebenzisa impumulo yawo ukudlulisa isiginali ye-ultrasonic, futhi amahhashi angenasici akhipha lo myalezo ngemilomo yawo. Ngokuxhumana okunjalo, iphakethe likhangiswa esikhaleni.
Ngokungafani namalulwane ajwayelekile, udeveli waseTasmania uyisizungu. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lokudla kungaletha abantu ababili noma abathathu ndawonye ukuba badle inyamazane ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi bajabule ngobukhona bomunye nomunye: benza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu, behlokoma kangangokuba bangezwe ngekhilomitha. I-Marsupial ingazethusa iziboshwa ngezindlela eziningi: okokuqala uyakhwehlela kancane, bese iqala ukuqhuma. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, ukukhala okubhobozayo kuyaqala, ngenxa yalokho abatholi bese bemnika igama elinjalo.
Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo okunzima, noma yisiphi isilwane siphoqelelwa ukuthola ukudla, ukuzivikela ezitheni, nokungavumeli abantu bangaphandle bangene emkhakheni waso. Futhi udinga ukubheka umbhangqwana ukukhiqiza inzalo, futhi ngemuva kwalokho uyinakekele. Konke lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokubakhona kwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuxhumana. Futhi into esemqoka cishe njalo umsindo, izwi lesilwane, elisendle noma elifuywayo - akunandaba.