UKarelian-Finland husky luhlobo lwezinja, ngokungafani nabanye abaningi, olutholwe muva nje. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi, uma ubheke irejista yezinhlobo zeRussia Cynological Federation, i-Karekian-Finnish husky ayiveli ohlwini. Lokhu kungenxa yokudideka okuthile emlandweni wentuthuko kanye nokweqa kwezinhlobo zohlobo lweSoviet Union. Namuhla banqume ukuqeda isiphithiphithi ngokuqamba kabusha i-Karelian-Finland husky kwi-Finnish Spitz.

UKarelian-Finland husky uyinja ejabule esebenzayo enezinwele ezibomvu ezikhanyayo nobuso bembeya yebhere. Imvelo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kutshale inja inqwaba yemvelo edingekayo ukuze izinja zizingele. Phakathi kwama-hunkies okuzingela kubhekwa njengohlobo oluncane. Lezi zici zenza inja ibe ngumqaphi omuhle. Ngokushesha linamathela kumniniyo nasendlini, lixwayisa nganoma iyiphi ingozi nge-bark enhle ye-sonorous.

Umlando omfushane wemvelaphi yokuzalanisa

Inja yaqashelwa okokuqala ngumhambi waseFrance eFinland yanamuhla. Ngokwamaphepha akhe, uPierre la Martignard, njengoba ayebizwa kanjalo, wabona ukuthi wahlangana nezinja ezinhle ezibomvu ezimnyama ezazithinte isihambi ngamakhono okuzingela nawokuzingela.

Ngemuva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, iqoqo lokuthandwa lashicilelwa eRussia ngesithombe sohlobo lwezinja olungadalulwanga kodwa ngobuqili. Uhlobo lwe-Karelian-Finnish husky lubizwa ngenye indlela - iFinnish, noma i-witty, i-spitz. Inja encane iyaheha ngobuhle bayo nomusa wayo. Amakhosi angaleso sikhathi asithanda lesi silwane ngokubukeka kwaso okuhle.

Kamuva, ngekhulu le-19, abakwaFinn baba nesithakazelo kulolo hlobo lokuzala, baqala ukuzalanisa. Kwenziwe umnikelo okhethekile ngabazingeli ababili abaqhamuka enhlokodolobha yaseFinland, abanikela ngokuphila kwabo ekutadisheni nasekufuyeni inzalo.

Umsunguli wosuku lwamanje lwe-Karelian-Finland husky yiFinny bird husky. Izici zezinhlobo ziyefana, kepha ukuzalaniswa isikhathi eside kushintshe iSpitz yamanje ekhombe ngci. Inja ikhule ngosayizi.

Kukholakala ukuthi impahla ye-Karelian-Finnish husky yayi-izinhlobo zezentengiselwano zakwaKarelian nezama-Olonets. Igama elithi Fino-Karelian laqala ukubhaliswa njengezinga lesikhashana ngawo-1920s. Kamuva, phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobupristi, u-Karelian-Finland husky waba sengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo eseleyo evela ezindaweni ezihlaseliwe lapho ihlala khona yathunyelwa eFinland, lo mhlambi waphathwa ngendlela yokuthi ulondolozwe futhi usatshalaliswe.

Njengomhlobo ozimele, i-Karelian-Finish husky ekugcineni yathatha kuphela ukuphela kwama-60s. Kulezi zinsuku, ngokubukeka kwayo okukhanyayo kwasekuqaleni, i-husky kaKarelian-yaseFinland igcinwa njengelungu lomndeni elihle, futhi nemvelo yangaphakathi - njengenja yokuzingela, yokushayela izilwane ezikhonkotha kusuka ezinyinyaneni kuya kwezinye.

Incazelo nezici ze-Karelian-Finland husky

Le yinja encane ngosayizi, isisindo sayo imvamisa incane ngamakhilogremu ayishumi nambili kuya kwayishumi nane. Umbala uhlala ubomvu ovuthayo, onikeza inja isithombe esikhethekile. Ijazi lide maphakathi, lilukhuni, ingaphansi likhulu futhi linobukhulu. Ngenxa yoboya obunjalo, lokhu kuzalanisa akwesabi ukubanda, ngakho-ke kungaba lula ebusika ku-aviary.

Ngempela, uhlobo oluhle kakhulu UKarelian-Finnish Laika, isithombe ngeke bashiye noma ngubani ongenandaba. Kuliqiniso, izithombe azihlali ziveza wonke ubuhle nobuhle balolu hlobo lokuzala. Konke ukujula kokuzalela okunjengokuthi Karelian-Finnish Njengevidiyo ikwazi ukukhombisa ngokuningiliziwe.

Incazelo yokuzala

Iqoqo lokufingqa lezimpawu:

Incazelo yohlobo lweKarelian-Finland husky luqala ngosayizi:

1. Ukuphakama ezinjeni kufinyelela cm 50. Ukuphakama kwenja kungaphansi kwesilinganiso, okungaphazamisi kahle ukuzingela umdlalo omncane. Kwabesilisa, okujwayelekile ngu-42-50 cm, kwabesifazane - 38-46 cm.
2. Isisindo senja sincane. Abesilisa banesisindo esingu-12-16 kg, izinsikazi - 7-12 kg.

Ubungako obunesizotha buvumela izilwane ukuba zihlale zingenasisekelo futhi zihambahamba. Ezinye izindlela zekhwalithi yokuzalanisa:

• Isilwane sikhombisa isikhumba esinamandla ngesikhumba esomile.
• Imilenze enamandla. Izinja zisheshe zithole isivinini ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okuxaka. Imisipha ekhuliswe ikakhulukazi ibonakala ngemilenze yangemuva.
• Intamo enamandla nekhanda elisindayo. Ama-Cynologists abheka i-nuance ngekhanda njengokuntuleka kokuzalela, kanye nomsila ocijile. Ibunzi elibanzi kanye ne-nape kudlula ngokushelela emgodini omncane, owomile; uma ubukwa ngenhla, kutholakala unxantathu wokulingana. Ngokuphathelene nobude bekhanda lonke, i-muzzle ibonakala imfushane. Ukushintshwa kusuka ebunzini kuya esihlokweni kuyinto ebuthakathaka.
• Izindebe ezomile zeTonic zihlangana kahle zivale amazinyo azo.
• Izindlebe ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile, obuphakathi, zibukeka njengonxantathu onamathiphu akhombe.
• Ikhala limnyama. UBrown uvunyelwe, kuphela ngombala obomvu okhanyayo.
• Amehlo osayizi aphakathi, okusaqanda okwimo, ngokubonakala okuncane okucashile.
• Umbala wamehlo wanoma yimuphi umbala onsundu noma omnyama we-hazel.
• Amazinyo aqinile athuthukiswe kahle - akha ukuluma kwesikere esifanele.
• Ijazi lobude obuphakathi, obukhulu futhi linamathela nge-undercoat ethambile ekhule kahle. Izinwele ezisekhanda nasezindlebeni zimfishane futhi ziminyene, ngaphambili ezingalweni kunemfushane futhi kuqinile. Ngasemuva kwemilenze, ijazi lincane isikhathi eside. Intamo namahlombe kusontekile ngotshani ongajwayelekile woboya obude.
• Umbala weKarelian-Finland husky ubomvu ngokugqamile kuzo zonke izithunzi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba namamaki amhlophe esifubeni, emilenzeni nasepeni lomsila. Lokhu kuvunyelwe y standard. Imivimbo emnyama emincane emuva nangehlangothini eliphezulu lomsila iyavunyelwa.
• Isifuba esibanzi futhi esijulile sehliselwa emaceleni.
• Isisu siyathathwa, ukuguqulelwa esifubeni kuvezwe ngokucacile.
• Umhlane uqondile umsipha, ukhula kancane ukhula, okuyisimo sezinja zesilisa.
• Isinqe sifushane futhi sinemisipha.
• Umsila we-fluffy ugotshwe yindandatho, ulele emhlane wayo. Akuvamile ukuthi kube eduze eceleni.
• Ibhande lamaphethelo limelelwa amahlombe athambile ngokulinganisa nangezinyawo eziqondile, ezibekwe ngokuqondile, ezomile nezomisipha. Amalunga we-Elbow abheke emuva. Mfushane uMetacarpus.
• Ibhande lomlenze wasemuva liphinde limelelwe yimilenze eqondile eqondile enama-engele ahlanganisiwe. Amawunga ayindilinga, eneminwe eqiniswe kahle.

Umlingiswa weKarelian-Finnish husky

Izinja zikaKarelian-Kifinland husky zinokuthula, zinobungane, kumnandi ukuzigcina efulethini. Babonisa isimo sokudlala, bayakwazi ukudlala ngokungapheli nomndeni wabo othandekayo. Kunzima ukubekezelela isizungu, akunconywa ukushiya inja enhle yodwa enemicabango emnyama.

• Kuhambisana kahle nezingane, kungaba buhlungu uma izingane ziqala ukusebenzisa inja njengento yokudlala ephilayo. Akabekezeleli ukuxhashazwa kumuntu wakhe, akunconywa ukushiya iSpitz nezingane ezincane.
• Naphezu kosayizi bayo abathobekile, i-Karelian-Finland husky iyinja eqhoshayo, ngeke iziqhayise ngokulalela ngokuphelele. Umnikazi kuzodingeka anikele isikhathi esiningi sokufunda nokwenza imiyalo. Ukukhanya nokujabha kwesilwane kwenza ukuqeqeshwa kujabulise.

Ihlaya ngomsindo oshisayo waseFinland liza ngokuchaza isimo somlilo weKarelian-Finnish husky.

• Uyinja ejabule, enobuntu, enhlanhlatha futhi eshisayo.

Amaqiniso akhombisa ukuthi ezinsukwini zakudala, abazingeli abathathe ama-huskies ngokwabo babengenasifiso sokondla izinja, izinja zazithola okwazo ukudla. Lokhu kuchaza uhlobo lohlobo:

• Ukuzimela nokuzimela.
• Uma siqhathanisa i-husky yeKarelian-Finnish nezinye izinhlobo zama-huskies, kuyamangaza ukuthi lohlobo lufika esimweni esijabulile ngokushesha okukhulu.

Vumela okunje kubonakale kungenasilo futhi kungalawuleki. Inja inamathele ngokuqinile kumnikazi nomndeni. Ngokuhamba nokubukeka okuhle, inja ngeke ikuvimbe.

• Usizwa kahle isimo somnikazi kanye nesimo esijwayelekile endlini.
• Abasolwa bayasola, noma ngabe abanandaba.
• Inja inenkumbulo enhle kakhulu!

ULaika uyakwazi ukukhumbula isimo esibi somuntu othize futhi ayeke ukuxoxa naye ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, abanikazi bayadingeka ukuthi babheke uhlaka lwenhlonipho ngesimo senja, bangalokothi babe ngamawala, uma kungenjalo isilwane siyovele siyeke ukuphendula.

Isimo se-huskies ezilwaneni ezifuywayo sinqunywa ngesikhathi imveku ihlangana nezilwane ezifuywayo. Isimo sengqondo esingakholeki kubavakashi sizokhombisa ngokuqinisekile. Ensimini engalawulwa, ngeke anethezekile ngezimo ezingathandeki - inqobo nje uma ephumelela ukujabulisa inja.

Umhlambi “wazalwa” kanjani?

Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwezinja ezibomvu, ezidume ngezimfanelo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzingela, kungatholakala emibhalweni yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Ukuzalelwa kwafukulwa, futhi, ngeso ikusasa layo lokuzingela. Ochwepheshe bathatha izinja ezizingela kakhulu zokuzingela ama-Olonets nezinja ezizingelayo zikaKarelian njengesisekelo sendalo yazo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukubukeka kwezilwane ezifuywayo "zasendulo" kwakuhluke kakhulu ekubukekeni kwama-huskies anamuhla.

Ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, izazi zesayensi yezomnotho zaseSoviet zakuthatha ngokungathí sina ukuthuthukiswa kokuzalela. Ochwepheshe abathandanga nje kuphela ekubukekeni komzingeli “osanda kwenziwa”, kodwa futhi nasekukhuthazeleni nasekwenzeni ngokushesha. Kamuva, kwenezelwa okunye ukuzalaniswa kwemifino, ebixhunywe ekuzaleni i-husky eyinqaba: IsiFinnish Spitz. Leli qiniso lanikeza inja isicwebezeli sangaphandle kanye namandla omzimba.

Ukuzalela kwenzeka ekugcineni eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Esigabeni esisemthethweni, wabelwa amagama amabili: UFinnish Spitz noKarelian-Finnish husky.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-International Kennel Federation ibheka kuphela "igatsha" laseFinland lemvelaphi yezilwane ezifuywayo "njengezisemthethweni".

Izici zezinja

Abazingeli abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi iFinland Spitz ilusizo kanjani ekudobeni kwabo. Inja yalokhu kuzalanisa isetshenziselwa ukuzingela amahlathi nezinyoni ze-steppe (i-capercaillie, i-grouse emnyama). Ngosizo lwama-huskies, ungathola nezilwane ezincane eziphawuleka ngejubane lazo elinokufakelwa - umjiva ofanayo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obunesizotha, leli qhawe elinemilenze emine lizibonakalisa lizingela ekuzingeleni izingulube zasendle nezinsimbi.

Isilwane salolu hlobo lokuzala singakujabulisa ngezimpawu zomlindi. Kepha ngaphambi kokufaka umsizi onezinwele ezibomvu ngokuvikelwa kwendlu noma egcekeni, udinga ukuthatha isikhathi nomzamo ukufundisa isilwane.

Abantu abanomsebenzi olinganiselwe nabanentukuthelo eshisayo kufanele bawulahle umbono wokuba nomthwalo emotweni. Lesi silwane ngaphandle kokuzithemba, ngakho-ke, sizovikela imikhuba yobushiqela.

Incazelo yomzingeli wezinyawo ezine

Akufanele uphatheke kabi uma amasu akho asheshe afaki izimpilo zokuzingela, futhi ufuna ukuthola isilwane sohlobo lwakwaKarelian. Le nja izizwa imnandi efulethini nasendlini, ihlangana kahle nezingane. Okuwukuphela "kwento yemvelo" okufanele ubheke kuyo ngumsebenzi owengeziwe wesilwane esifuywayo. Kepha uma unikezwe ukuthi hlobo luni lolo hlobo lwadalelwa, umbono onjalo ulindelwe ngempela.

Lapho ubona inja ejabule yenjabulo umbala woju oluningi - awusoze wamkhohlwa. Khumbula izici ezibonakalayo zeKarelian-Finnish ezifana:

• Isiqu esifushane. Ukuphakama kwenja kungeqi amasentimitha amahlanu.
• Isisindo esinokuzithoba. I-bitch inesisindo cishe namakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili. Hhayi "plump" kakhulu kunentombi yakhe, futhi inja ibukeka. Isisindo sayo sisukela kumakhilogremu ayishumi nantathu kuya nanhlanu.
• Ikhanda linesimo esingunxantathu. I-nape ibanzi impela. Ukushintshwa kusuka ebunzini kuya esihlokweni kushiwo ngokucacile.
• Isibalo sesilwane sikhonjisiwe, hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu.
• Ikhala elimnyama.
• Amehlo ajiyile. Ukufika kwabo kuhamba kancane.
• Umthunzi wamehlo uvame kakhulu ukwanda.
• Izindebe zinciphile. Zilingana ngokuhlanya.
• Amazinyo aqinile.
• Izindlebe ezingunxantathu enjeni ziqondile. Zineziqongo ezibukhali.
• Intamo inamandla, ubude obuphakathi.
• Isifuba sesilwane sibanzi.
• Umhlane unemisipha.
• Isisu siqinile.
• Umsila wesilwane usontekile (kufana ne-bagel). Usondele ngemuva kwenja.
• Amahlombe anamandla, abekwe aqonde.
• Imilenze yangemuva ibekwe emuva. Zibanzi ukwedlula izandulelo zangaphambili.
• Amawashi wesilwane ayindilinga.
• Ubude bejazi buphakathi. Kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wenja, ijazi liqinile kakhulu, kanti kwezinye linzima kanzima.
• I-undercoat yabantu abaxakile.
• Uju noma umbala obomvu wejazi. Ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba wenja, kungahle kube namamaki amancane amhlophe. Imivimbo emincane emnyama ngemuva kwesilwane naphezu komsila wayo nayo ibhekwa njengemukelekile.

Isilwane esise-Amazon

Kungaba ubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi iFinland Spitz iyisidalwa esinokuziqhenya nesibindi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isilwane salokhu kuzalanisa sinamandla athile okukodwa nokuzidlela. Ukuzinikela kwale nja ngokuqinisekile kuzokujabulisa. ULaika unenhliziyo esheshayo, uyasebenza.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umnakekeli ahloniphe inkosi yakhe, ayethembe. Lapho umuntu esekhombise unya noma ubudisi kumzingeli onekhanda elibomvu, isilwane siyoyeka ukufeza imiyalo yakhe.

Isilwane sinamathiselwe ekhaya laso. Ayiboni ingane yabanikazi bayo njengomphikisi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- "Amazon" ebomvu iyakwazi ukulandela indodana noma indodakazi yomnikazi wayo ngokucophelela. Uma ufuna ubudlelwane phakathi kwengane nenja bukhule ngokuvumelanayo, landela izenzo zengane. Imizamo eminyene eyenziwa ngumqashi ukuthi ayicindezele noma ayincine ingasiphatha kabi isilwane. Ngokuzayo, uzobunaka ubusha obungenazwelo.

Inja enesibindi ingaba umlindi omuhle kakhulu. Indima yomlingani ezindabeni zokuzingela nayo isemahlombe akhe.

Izici Zokunakekela Inja

Uboya bokuthwala abunankinga ngokuphelele maqondana nokunakekelwa. Isilwane esifuywayo sidinga ukugezwa kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka ngokusetshenziswa kwe-shampoo ekhethekile. Izinwele ezifile kufanele zilinganiswe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ungakhohlwa ukunakekela amehlo nezindlebe zesilwane sakho sasekhaya. Ngemuva kokubona ukhunta endlebeni yesilwane, phuthuma ukhombise udokotela wezilwane.

Inja yezilwane ikubekezelela kahle ukubanda. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, i-husky kaKarelian-neFinland izizwa ingakhululekile. Sibala imithetho embalwa elula yokugcina i-husky kaKarelian:

1. Isilwane esifuywayo sidinga ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ukuhlukahluka okuhle kokuzilibazisa kwenja ukufukamela ehlathini noma epaki.
2. Ungakhohlwa ukugqoka i-leash esilwaneni. Ishaywe wukukhala noma ubukhali bezinsimbi zemoto emgwaqweni, i- "Amazon" yeKarelian ingadideka bese ikubalekela.
3. Hlinzeka indawo ekhethekile yokuphumula yenja yakho ekhaya lakho. Ungavumeli isilwane ukuba sifinyelele embhedeni singene esihlalweni.
4. Ungahambi nomngane wakho onemilenze emine lapho uthukuthele noma uthukuthele entweni ethile. I-carriers ingaba nesifiso "sokusuka" kokubi.
5. Nikeza umbono wokuba ne-hamster, rat, noma ingulube ye-Guinea ekhaya. Inqola yokugembula ingabona isilwane esihle njengomdlalo ... Imiphumela iyabikezelwa.

Ama-pussies amahle

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthola i-puppy yenqola, thenga isilwane kubanikazi abathembekile. Kuzoba ngcono ngokwengeziwe ukuthatha isinjana esikhumulweni sendlebe. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imidlwane yezimbali ezinhle zeKarelian-Finland husky zibukeka njengeziqumba zelanga ezifudumele. Uma ubheka ubuhle lobu, nomuntu onamandla anganyakaziswa. Lapho ukhetha i-puppy, sibhekisise. Ama-paws abushelelezi, amehlo acwebile, amazinyo aqinile yilokho inja enempilo okufanele ibe nakho. Naka futhi uhlobo lwewadi yakho yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuthandwa akuboniswa ngamahloni ngokweqile. Uma ubona ukuthi ingane idlala ngenhliziyo yabafowabo nodadewabo, isondela kuwe ngaphandle kokwesaba, ikuhlwitha, okusho ukuthi isizinda semizwa sengane siyinto evamile.

Njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukuzalanisa, i-Spitz yaseFinland idinga ukwelashwa kwe-antihelminthic. Izinja zidinga nokugonywa.

Nambitha imilutha yenqola

Abantu abangenalwazi banentshisekelo yokuthi hlobo luni lokudla uhlobo lwezinja esichazayo izidingo - i-Kareky enamandla-yaseFinland enamandla.

Okokuqala, sichaza uhlelo lokudla kwesilwane. Imidlwane enezinyanga ezimbili izondliwa okungenani kane ngosuku. Ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa, abaqinile bezinyawo ezine bayodla kathathu ngosuku. Futhi ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye inja kufanele ishintshele ekudleni kabili ngosuku.

Ukunikeza ukudla kwe-puppy kufanele kube izingxenye ezinesizotha. Isisekelo semenyu ye-puppy inyama yenkomo eluhlaza. Inqunywe kahle bese inikezwa ingane. Isikhukhamba nezinhlamvu (i-buckwheat, amabele) kuzoba wusizo. Ochwepheshe baluleka ukuthi bahlanze ukudla okungadliwanga imveku, kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.

Kuyafuneka ukuthi usho imikhiqizo ngaphandle kokuthi i-Karelian-Finnish husky ingezwa kahle:

• Inyama ebomvu, inyama yenkukhu.
• Ushizi wekotishi.
• Kefir.
• Amaqanda enkukhu.
• Izinhlanzi zasolwandle.
• Amathambo wenkomo eluhlaza.
• Isibindi senkomo, izinso.
• Izihlobo.
• Imifino.
• Izithelo ezomile. Izithelo ezi-raw ziyinto abesifazane abaningi abapholile abanayo.

Amathambo engulube namathambo enkukhu kungukudla okungavunyelwe komnakekeli. Kuyinto engathandeki futhi ukumnika izinhlanzi zasemfuleni.

Uma uhlela ukunikela isilwane esomile ukudla esitolo, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane. Ngakho-ke ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine azinazo izakhamzimba, abanikazi ababona kude bakhetha ukudla okunokuqukethwe okunamaprotheni amaningi nokuqukethwe okusanhlamvu okulingene kwabo.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-Karelian-Finland husky ayisiyodli eqondisiwe. Uthambekele ekudla ngokweqile. Ungakhuthazi isilwane ukuthi sicele izinto ezinhle etafuleni eliphakeme.

Ama-Nuances wokuqeqesha

Ukuze i-husky kaKarelian-yaseFinland ibe ngumngane wakho futhi iqonde ama-oda akho, kufanele unake ukuqeqeshwa kwezilwane. Uma uqinile futhi ulinganiselwe, ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo newadi kuzosungulwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi. Amaqembu okuqeqesha izinja kufanele abandakanyeke nsuku zonke.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi isilwane salolu hlobo lokuzala singakhombisa ukungathí sina. Uma unomuzwa wokuthi "umhlabathi" wegunya lakho uguquke ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, isilwane siziphatha ngendlela athanda ngayo, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nomqeqeshi oqeqeshiwe.

Inja ayidingi ukunakwa kwakho okungapheli. Uzoza nezokuzijabulisa, ngokuba yedwa. Thenga amathoyizi wesilwane ukuze angonakalisi ifenisha yakho.

Izingane akufanele zishiywe zinganakekeli enkampanini yenqola. Ngabo bonke ubungane bakhe, iFinnish Spitz ingumzingeli oziqhenyayo, hhayi umlingani. Isidingo sendalo sokuhamba kwenja asinakwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo sizobangela izifo ezihlangene.

Izici:

Into yokuqala okufanele iphawulwe njengesici sesici seFinnish Spitz umbala wayo. Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ziyichaza njengombala onsundu wegolide noma obomvu okhanyayo. Ukuphambuka kule mibala kubhekwa njengomshado, ngaphandle kwezwi elikhanyayo. Kuchazwa njengombala ongathandeki. Ubude bejazi, isimo salo, noma ukuqina, ukuqina nokuqina kuyabonakala futhi njengezimpawu ezingenakuphikwa zokuqina.

Izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zichaza njengombala onsundu wegolide noma umbala obomvu okhanyayo.

Ezinye izici ezijwayelekile zencazelo ye-Karelian-Finnish husky nazo ziyabhekwa:

1. Ikhanda. Ukwakheka kwe-wedge. Kumenyezelwe ukuguqulwa kobuso. Hhayi izindebe ezidwebe ngokuphelele, ezidwebe ngokuphelele.
2. Amehlo. Umbala ulula noma onsundu. Ukuma kwamehlo kuyinto okusaqanda, amakhona angaphakathi ehliselwe kancane ebhulohweni lekhala.
3. Impumulo. Okumnyama kugqame kakhulu, kepha onsundu kuyenzeka.
4. Amazinyo. I-Strong, enamel emhlophe, iluma okulungile.
5. Izindlebe. Ukwakheka okungunxantathu, kuqondile.
6. Izimbotshana. Izicubu zomile, amalunga namathambo aqinile. Kungcono ukukhipha iminwe yesihlanu emilenzeni yasemuva ekuthini yingane.
7. Umsila. Inesimo se-donut.

Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane zasekhaya

Usayizi weKarelian-Finland husky uyakuvumela ukugcina hhayi kuphela endlini yangasese, kodwa futhi efulethini. Njenganoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, kuzodingeka ukuba kwenziwe lokho:

• ukuxubha amazinyo akho. Le nqubo yenziwa kusukela isencane kakhulu, isebenzisa kuphela amazinyo akhethekile. Futhi, ukuvikela izifo zamazinyo, amathambo noma amathoyizi akhethekile ayabhungathwa,
• ukuhlanza izindlebe. Zenziwa njengoba zingcolile,
• ukunqunywa kwemichilo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma bengazigayanga ngokwabo.

Ngokuvamile, lo mzala uzitholela ukunakekelwa. Amaphuzu amakhulu okudingeka unake ngawo ngokukhethekile ukuhamba nokuhlanganisa.

Usayizi weKarelian-Finland husky uyakuvumela ukugcina hhayi kuphela endlini yangasese, kodwa futhi efulethini.

Ukuhamba

Lezi zinja ziyiselula, ngakho-ke zithanda ukuhamba amabanga amade bese zihlala emoyeni omusha. Ukuqala ukunakekela imidlwane ye-Karelian-Finland husky, kufanele uyigcine efulethini noma endlini kuze kube molt wokuqala, obhekwa njengesigaba sokukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungazijwayeza ukuhamba amabanga amade futhi uye e-aviary noma edokodweni. Ukuhlala kwenja kufanele kube yisiphephelo esinokwethenjelwa emoyeni nasemakhazeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, lo mzala une-fur efudumele kakhulu, ungesabi ukukhipha isilwane egcekeni ebusika.

Ukuhlanganisa

Uboya bufanelwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kuwuhlobo lwesinkomba sempilo. Ukugeza kwanele izikhathi ezingama-2-4 ngonyaka, uboya abunalo iphunga elithile. Ukuhlanganisa kuyadingeka kanye ngeviki. Inhloso yale nqubo ukukhipha izinwele ezindala, ezifile ukuze uvikele izinwele zingakhumeki. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, nsuku zonke. Ibhalansi yokudla okunomsoco inethonya elikhulu ekubukekeni kwesilwane esifuywayo.

Uboya bufanelwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kuwuhlobo lwesinkomba sempilo

Isayensi yezilwane

IFinland Spitz inempilo enhle nokuzivikela komzimba okuhle kakhulu. Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile siyiminyaka eyi-11, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekela umngani wakho onemilenze emine angaphila iminyaka eyi-16. Konke kuncike ekugonyweni okufika ngesikhathi, izifo ezibaliwe ngesikhathi, kanye nokudla okuphelele kwamavithamini kanye namaminerali.

Ukugoma

Kumntwana, ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuthatha ingane okokuqala ngqa ukuhamba noma ukwethula izihlobo. Kubalulekile ukunamathela kuhlelo oluthile lokugoma:

Ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu kumdlwana, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuthatha ingane okokuqala ngqa ukuhamba

1. Ukuhlanza. Le nqubo yenziwa okokuqala lapho ineminyaka eyodwa nesigamu.
2. Ukugoma ngokumelene ne-enteritis kanye nesifo. Enza eneminyaka engu-2 izinyanga. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ukuqunjelwa kwenziwa.
3. Umuthi wokugomela amarabi. Kwenziwa ngemuva kokushintsha kwamazinyo. Lokhu kugoma kudingeka kakhulu kulabo abazothatha inja ukuze bayizingele.

Noma yikuphi ukugoma akukuniki isiqinisekiso samaphesenti ayikhulu, lokhu kuyindlela yokuvimbela. Kufanele unakekele ukuthi umdlwane awusebenzi ngokweqile, ungabandi, futhi uvikele ukungena kokungakapheli.

Knitting

Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ku-3 estrus, cishe iminyaka eyi-3, le nkathi ibhekwa njengefanele kunazo zonke. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi kufanele ibe nakho konke ukugoma, futhi ukuphuma kwezihlwayiya nakho kufanele kwenziwe. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyikhomba, ngoba isibalo asikuvezi lokhu, ngaphandle kokuthi isifiso sokudla siyokwenyuka kancane. I-husky kaKarelian-yaseFinland ingaba nezimveku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4. Izithombe zezinganyana zikaKarelian-Finnish husky zingabonakala ku-Intanethi.

Noma yikuphi ukugoma akukuniki isiqinisekiso se-100%, lokhu kuyindlela yokuvimbela

Ungayikhetha kanjani?

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthola isilwane, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungalanda ingane eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Lapho ukhetha umuntu omdala, udinga ukubheka izici zokukhuliswa, ngoba kunethuba elihle lokuthi kungenzeka angavele avele nawe ngenxa yezimpawu zomuntu wakhe. Ungathenga imidlwane yezingane zikaKarelian-Finland husky ngezandla zakho noma enkulisa. Inketho yesibili ibhekwa njengengcono, ngoba ungacela amadokhumenti adingekayo ahlobene ne-pedigree yezinganyana zeKarelian-Finnish husky. Lo mzuzu ubalulekile kubo bobabili abathatha isilwane ngezinhloso zokuzingela, nakulabo abafuna ukubamba iqhaza embukisweni.

Lapho ukhetha, kungakuhle ukuhlaziya ngokuzimela ukubukeka kwesilwane esifuywayo esizayo, ngakho-ke, ungalokothi uthembe izithombe zezinganyana ze-Karelian-Finnish husky. Isilwane esifuywayo kumele sondliwe kahle, sibe nesimo esihle semisipha, ijazi lisiwugqinsi, sicwebezelayo futhi siluhlaza. Imidlwane enempilo inokuluma okulungile, okuhlanzekile, namehlo acacile. Ukuthola ama-huskies emndenini, kungcono ukunikela izintandokazi kwabesifazane, okuhlukahluka ngesimo sokuzola, sothando nokuhambisana kakhulu, ngokuhlukile kowesilisa. Abazingeli abakhethe i-husky kaKarelian-Fininn hushiya ukubuka okuningi okuhle.

Lapho ukhetha, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlole ngokuzimela ukubukeka kwesilwane esifuywayo esizayo, ngakho-ke, ungalokothi uthembe izithombe zezinganyana zohlobo lwe-Karelian-Finnish husky

Yini ukondla?

Ukondla i-Kareky-Frinn huspy puppy kuyadingeka, njengenja endala, ngokunye ukubhuka okulandelayo. Ungaqala ukondla ingane yakho kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-2 ubudala. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, izingane zidla ubisi lukamama. Okokuqala yondla inyama eluhlaza, mhlawumbe inyama yenkomo, iwundlu nabanye, ngaphandle kwengulube nenkukhu. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amathambo angenawo abukhali aqala ukujovwa, into esemqoka ukuthi azincane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi zingadala ukulimala kwe-esophagus. Ukudla okunempilo komdlwane weKarelian-Kifinland husky kuyinto okusanhlamvu, okumele kuxutshwe nomhluzi wenyama noma inyama. Ungondla imikhiqizo yobisi, kuyilapho ungafaki ubisi nebhotela. Amasoseji, amasoseji, amaswidi, zonke izinhlobo zamaswidi, amaqanda awathandeki kakhulu ekudleni kwesilwane sakho.

Into ehlukile ingukudla okwomile. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukondla ngokudla okukodwa okuomile. Ukudla okunjalo kunganikezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kubantu abadala, futhi ngamanani amancane, ngoba izilwane zingadla kakhulu. Ukudla kungasetshenziswa njengomvuzo wokuqeqeshwa.

Amanzi kumele ahlanzeke, atholakale ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukudla kumele kuhlanzwe ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 ukujwayela inja ukudla, okufanele kube ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• izinyanga ezingama-2-3 - kuya ezikhathini ezi-4 ngosuku,
• Izinyanga eziyi-4-7 - ukuya ezikhathini ezi-3,
• kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuya phambili - amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku.

Ukuba ngumzali

Ukukhulisa kuqala izinyanga ezi-5. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenziwa ngokuqinile, kepha ngenhlonipho efanele. Kufanele kube ngesimo somdlalo ohlanganisa izinzwa zokuhogela nokuzwa. Umzamo wokuletha “isanqante nodondolo” uzohluleka. Kungcono ukuqala ngemiyalo ejwayelekile bese uqhubekela phambili emisebenzini enzima. Ukufunda umdlalo akuwona umsebenzi olula - umnikazi kumele abe nomlingiswa ophikelelayo nesineke salokhu.

Uma uqonda ukuthi awuyilungeli inqubo yokukhulisa, ke kungcono ukuguqukela kusizo lomuntu ophatha inja onolwazi. Inja eqeqeshwe kahle ilalela umnikazi wayo ngokungangabazeki futhi ibhekana nemisebenzi yayo njengonogada noma umzingeli, kanye nomngane othembekile nothembekile.

Izici zokuzala zikaKarelian-Finnish husky

Karelian-Finland husky (Karelka noma iFinland Spitz) - uhlobo lokuzingela izinja ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, elincane kunazo zonke izinhlobo zama-huskies. Umngane omuhle nenja yomndeni omkhulu. Yabiwa ngesisekelo sezinja zezentengiselwano zakwaKarelian no-Olonets. Ikhombisa imiphumela emihle lapho izinyoni ezizingela (i-capercaillie, i-grouse emnyama, i-pheasant, idada), i-ungulates (i-roe deer, i-elk, inyamazane, i-saiga) nezilwane zoboya (squirrel, marten, mink, sable, ermine). Zizwe ukhululekile ukuya ebhele, ibheji kanye ne-raccoon. Abazingeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayayithanda futhi bayayihlonipha i-Kareky yaseFinland husky ngezimpawu zayo ezithile, ezikhulunyisiwe kuzinhlamvu nokuziphatha. Namuhla eRussia zivame kakhulu eNyakatho Ntshonalanga kanye nesikhungo.

Umlando we-Karelian-Finland husky

Umlando wokuvela kwawo ugxilile kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi mhlawumbe okhokho bamanje beSpinn yaseFinland abazingelwa nabantu ku-Stone Age. Kusukela ngesikhathi kokumbiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala izinqwaba zangalesosikhathi, kutholakala izinsalela zezinja ezinjenge-Spitz, ezisesakhi sazo samathambo zifana kakhulu neKarelian-Finnish husky yamanje. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, babesebenzisa amaphoyinti ukuzingela ukuzingela izinyoni, futhi ama-greyhound kanye nama-hound asetshenziselwa izilwane ezinkulu, futhi ama-huskies azo zonke izinhlobo awazange athathwe njengohlobo lokuzingela nhlobo. AbaseNobles bababheka njengegceke futhi kunalokho izinja ezihlupheka.

Abazingeli baseNyakatho ababesebenzisa ama-huskies ukuzingela izilwane zoboya abanentshisekelo yokwabelana inja enhle esebenza nezimbangi. Ngakho-ke, babezibandakanya bona kuphela, ngakho-ke, egcekeni ngalinye lapho kwakuhlala khona umzingeli, kwakhiwa uhlobo lwayo, olwahluke kakhulu ezihlotsheni zalo mndeni ongomakhelwane. Yize wonke futhi ayengama-huskies, ayesetshenziselwa ukuzingela, ukuvikela izindlu, noma njengama-hunkies.

Ngo-1895, kwashicilelwa incwadi yokuqala ebucayi yama-huskies. UPrince Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, ngokuba umzingeli othandekayo, wayevame ukuya enyakatho ukuyofuna ibhere, waqhakambisa izinja ezinhle ezibomvu zomlilo. Wayebabiza ngokuthi yizinkolelo ezisenyakatho futhi wayejabule ngamakhono nokuzingela kwemvelo kwalezi zilwane ezinhle. Ethintekile, waqala ukutadisha imvelo yabo. Ngokushesha, isikhulu senza imephu yokusatshalaliswa kwenzalo. Ngoba, njengohlobo lokuzala, u-Karelian Finki husky wayengekho. Ngokuya ngohlelo olwenziwayo, inzalo yabo yahlala eKarelia, eFinland, ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Arkhangelsk kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho nezifunda zaseLeningrad. Futhi ukuzalanisa uqobo (iqembu lezilwane elaphakama ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu) - inqola yavela ngo-1947.

Abazingeli baseFinland babephakathi kwabokuqala ukuba nentshisekelo kuleli qembu lezinja. Lapho bebabona edolobhaneni, bathola abantu ababili futhi beza nabo eHelsinki.

Izithombe Karelian-Finnish huskies

E-Russia, baziwa ngabo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngemuva kwenguquko, lapho beqala ukuhlela imibukiso yezinja. Abaphathi bezinja zeLeningrad A.P. UBarmasov no-E.K. Leontyeva bakwazile ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-huskies ezafika kulo mbukiso, abantu abancane, abangafani ngombala wabo obomvu noma we-jackal, kodwa nangendlela yabo yokuziphatha. Abaphathi bezinja baqala ukuzitholela abantu abancane abancane phakathi kwabo. Njengoba sebethole inzalo enhle yobukhulu obuncane ngombala obomvu, uhlobo lomile lomthethosisekelo nomlingiswa ojabule, onempilo, benza incazelo yezinhlobo.

Ngo-1928 A.P. UBarmasov wahlela izivivinyo zokuqala zama-huskies zeprotein, lapho inja ebomvu evela kwinzalo entsha ithola indawo yesi-2nd kanye nediploma ephezulu kakhulu ye-2nd degree. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-9, imiklomelo emibili yokuqala ekuhlolweni kwamaprotheni yayivele yathathwa yizimoto ezimbili, okukhombisa ukuthambekela kwabo ekuzingeleni izilwane zoboya.

Abazingeli - abambeki besifunda sase-Arkhangelsk, abazingelwa amakhulu eminyaka ngalolu hlobo oluhehayo futhi bahlala bazihlukanisa ngezigaba ezi-3:

1. I-Laika yokusesha ama-squirrels adliwayo. Wathola isilwane emhlabathini ngesikhathi usondla, usebenzisa izindlebe nokuzwa. Umuzwa wakhe wephunga ubuthakathaka kakhulu.
2. Hiking squirrel huskies. Bathola isilwane sinyathela ezondweni zezihlahla. Leli qembu lithuthukise kahle ukuzwa kanye nombono.
3. Ama-hus huskies (iziqongo) - ngesikhathi sokuzingela babesebenzisa iphunga nokubona, futhi babehlala bekwaziswa ngaphezu kwabanye.

Indinganiso yokuqala yohlobo lokuzalwa yamukelwa ngo-1939. Ekupheleni kwempi, eshiya uKarelia, abakwaFinns bathatha izinja eziningi ezibomvu kubo. Kepha abantu bendawo basakwazi ukusindisa abantukazana, ngoba kwakungekho abanye lapho. Ngakho-ke, izinja ezigijima emadolobhaneni aseKarelia zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-huskies.

I-International Cynological Federation (ICF) ibona kuphela umugqa waseFinland, ngoba iFinland yayikade ijoyine le nhlangano futhi yashiya ubunyoninco bokuzala wohlobo lweKarelian Fininn husky.

UKarelo waseFinland Njengokunakekelwa

UKarelo Fininn live - isithombe ehlathini

I-Karelian-Finish husky has a chic, ingubo ecwebezelayo yobude obuphakathi ne undercoat ethambile ngaphandle kwephunga elithile "inja", molt. Ukuhlanza kuyinkathi yezikhathi 2 ngonyaka, entwasahlobo - ekwindla. Lapho igcinwa efulethini elinomoya omfudumele owomile, ingathambisa unyaka wonke.Uma i-dandruff ivele, ukukhanya kwejazi sekushabalele, noma kuye kwehla, imbangela ukungadli ukudla noma ukudla okungafanele kwe-husky.

Kunconywa ukugeza kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngonyaka, ukuze ungagezi ifilimu yemvelo kusuka kuboya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzingela njalo amadada, ehlobo uzothatha izinqubo ezanele zamanzi. Ngemuva kokubhukuda emanzini avulekile, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza isilwanyana sakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Hlanganisa njalo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ngenhlanganisela yensimbi. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ikalishi kufanele likhishwe nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, uzosusa ngokushesha izinwele ezifile bese uthambisa isilwanyana sakho.

Amacala ayeshunqulwa kanye ngenyanga ngesikhethi sezipikili ngezinhlobo eziphakathi. Shelelezisa imikhawulo ebukhali ngefayela lesipikili ukugwema ukugeleza. Ngemuva kokuhamba, sula amaphakethe wewashi ngendwangu emanzi bese uhlola ukuthi kukhona imifantu noma ukusikeka.

Amehlo omuntu osempilweni kaKarelian waseFinland ahlanzekile acwebezelayo, ngaphandle kokubhidliza nokusuka omuncu. Uma ubona ukunqwabelana okuncane komuthi ekuseni, ungathuki; lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kube uthuli oluqoqe usuku ngaphambili. Mane uwususe ngomhluzi owomile noma omile we-chamomile ngendwangu ethambile, engenalo ucwebe. Iso ngalinye liphathwa ngokuhlukile ngendwangu ehlanzekile. Kepha uma ubona ukubomvu, yenza izisulu zokukhulula ubomvu noma ukhiye ekhoneni lamehlo akho, ngokushesha thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ukuthola usizo.

Izinyo kufanele ligcotshwe kaningi izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ngamazinyo akhethekile ezinja zisebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo noma ibhulashi emunweni. Ukuvimbela i-tartar, ukudla okuqinile kufanele kuhlanganiswe futhi utamatisi omusha kufakwe ekudleni.

Hlola izindlebe bese usula i-auricle kanye ngesonto ngephedi likotini elimanzi elinyiswe ngamanzi afudumele. I-auricle kufanele ibe umbala opinki omnandi, akufanele iphunga kabi endlebeni noma uketshezi luvele ngaphandle. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa inqubo yokuvuvukala. Uma ubona lokhu, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Esithombeni, i-husky kaKarelian-yaseFinland ebusika ekuzingeleni kwama-squirrel

Imikhaza namazeze Njalo phatha inja yakho ngama-ectoparasites. Yisiphi udokotela wezilwane oselulekayo ukuthi yikuphi okulungele i-husky yakho yesiFinland.

• Amachaphaza ezintanjeni asetshenziswa kanye njalo emavikini amathathu, ungagezi ngemuva kokufaka izinsuku eziyi-10.
• Amacwecwe anikezwa ngaphakathi ngenani elincane lamanzi (isebenza amasonto ayi-12)
• Futha - fafaza isilwane masinyane ngaphambi kokuhamba ngezinyawo
• Ikhola iyasebenza ngokugqokwa njalo.

U-Karelka ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo uchitha isikhathi esiningi ehlathini futhi uhlaselwa imikhaza. Iickodid umkhaza isifo esiphatha izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezinjeni - i-pyroplasmosis (babesiosis), imvamisa ibangela ukufa ngaphandle kokuthola ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Umsebenzi omkhulu we-ectoparasites ngoMeyi - Julayi-Septhemba.

Ngemuva kokuhamba ehlathini noma epaki, hlola isilwane sakho ukuthola uphawu olubi. Belly, intamo, izindunduma, izindlebe, ikhanda, lezi yizindawo lapho angaqonda khona kalula. Impela, uboya bezithwali ngeke buvume ukuthi amagciwane abambelele esikhunjeni ngokushesha, ngakho-ke hlola inja njalo.

Lapho usuthole umkhaza, hlola ngokucophelela isiza sokuluma. Usebenzisa ama-tweezers noma “i-tick twist”, sebenzisa ukunyakaza okusontekile ukukhipha amagciwane. Phatha isayithi yokuluma nge-antiseptic. Izinsuku ezilandelayo, qapha isimo sezempilo isilwane sakho. Uma ekhuthele, edla ngokudla, akanawo umkhuhlane, unenhlanhla, umkhaza wawungatheleleki.

Kepha uma uqaphele lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha, uchwepheshe onolwazi kuphela ongakunikeza ukwelashwa futhi asindise isilwane sakho:

1. Ukushisa komzimba okukhuphukile (39 - 42 degrees)
2. Ukungakhathali
3. Ukwenqaba ukudla neziphuzo
4. Abamhlophe bamehlo baphuzi
5. Iwela emilenzeni yangemuva
6. Umchamo uphenduka ubomvu - nsundu

Umsoco wenqola (Isi-Finish Spitz)

Ngokuphaka kukaKarelo Finnish Laika, ukudla okungokwemvelo noma ukudla okulungiselelwe okwenziwe nge-premium kufanelekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungalokothi uxube izinhlobo ezimbili zokudla kokuphaka okukodwa.

Kulesi sithombe, uKarelo waseFinland uLaika ulala eduze kwesitsha esingenalutho

• Eminyakeni engu-1.5 izinyanga - izikhathi ezingama-56 ngezingxenye ezincane
• Ngezinyanga ezingama-34 - amahlandla ama-4 ngosuku
• Izinyanga ezingama-57 - ama-feed ama-3 ngosuku
• Izinyanga eziyi-812 nomuntu omdala izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngosuku

Lapho usuthisa ukudla okungokwemvelo, udinga ukuhlinzeka isilwane sakho ngokudla okulinganiselayo okuphelele okunamavithamini namaminerali.

• Ukudla okuphekwe kufanele kunikezwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, ingxenye kufanele idliwe ku-lick imizuzu engu-15.
• Uma ama-husky enqaba ukudla, sifihla leyo ngxenye esiqandisini kuze kube yilapho esondla olandelayo.
• Njalo qiniseka ukuthi kukhona amanzi amasha esitsheni.
• Izitsha zigezwa ngamanzi ashisayo ngemuva kokondla ngakunye.
• Ungalokothi ukondle umthwalo ngensalela etafuleni.

• Inyama Enamafutha (Ingulube, Inkukhu)
• Ukudla okunezipayisi
• Izinongo
• ukudla okuthosiwe
• I-pasta
• Amaswidi
• Izinhlanzi eziwumbala osemfuleni (okungenzeka zithathelwe yizikelemu)
• Amathambo enyoni

• Inyama enamafutha aphansi (unogwaja, inyama yenkomo, inkukhu - igcotshwe ngamanzi abilayo)
• Imikhiqizo yobisi oluhlaza (iyogathi, ushizi wekhishi onamafutha amancane, i-kefir)
• Greenery
• Izinhlanzi Zasolwandle Ezingenalutho (Okubilisiwe)
• Imifino (zucchini, isanqante)
• Izithelo (apula)
• Ama-groats (irayisi, i-buckwheat)
• I-Offal
• 1 tsp uwoyela wemifino ngosuku (engeza ekudleni)

Nakekela i-Kareky-Finish husky

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi lo mfutho unejazi eliminyene, inja idinga ukulungiswa njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Inja ayikhethi ngokudla, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokudla. Kulabo abaqala inja yokuzingela, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi kumele kuqalwe kufakwe ubuthi esilwaneni kusuka ezinyangeni ezine ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele ukuthambekela kwayo kokuzingela.

Inja akumele ibanjwe ngeketanga. Futhi, izimfanelo zokuzivikela azithuthukiswanga ikakhulukazi kuwo, ngakho-ke akufanele ulindele ukuthi kulokhu kuzalaniswa uzothola umlindi omuhle. Uma inja ithathwa njengomngane, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi iqale ukuzibandakanya kwayo nezinye izinja nabantu ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-husky encane yase-Karelian yaseFinland akufanele ihambisane ngokushesha nezinja ezinkulu. Endabeni yokuhlaselwa ngokwabo, umdlwane wethuka bese ezivalela yedwa isikhathi eside, bese eba nolaka ngokubhekisele kwezinye izinja. Inja iyaqikelela futhi ayethembi abantu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisela ukuyiqhathanisa nayo kusukela eminyakeni yobudlwane.

Uma inja iyiswa efulethini, ungahamba nenja edolobheni kuphela, ngoba izifiso zokuzingela ziqine kakhulu, futhi ngeke nje ubambe isilwane sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi ngezimpelasonto, inja kumele ikhishwe ngaphandle kwedolobha ukuyishayela kahle lapho. Inja inamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha imisebenzi ekhethekile yomzimba kuye.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi lo mhlobo uboleka kakhulu ekuqeqesheni, ngakho-ke kudingeka usizo lwabaphathi bezinja abanolwazi. Thenga husky karelo Finnish Ungakhona noma kuphi, kepha kuzoba ngcono ukuthenga enkulisa, lapho uzosizwa khona ngokushesha ngokumnakekela nokuqeqeshwa.

Intengo ka-Karelian-Finish husky

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunzima kakhulu ukufundisa karelo Finnish husky ukuthenga umdlwane abahle kakhulu abafuyi abanolwazi. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imveku inegazi elihlanzekile, uthole ukuthi yiziphi izifo abazali bakhe abadalulwa kuzo, futhi uthole imininingwane eyisisekelo ngokunakekelwa nokuqeqeshwa kwalolu hlobo lokuzalela. Uma inja ithengwa ku-elite kennel, ungayibonisa njalo kunoma imiphi imibukiso. Isidlwane esinjalo siyoba ukuziqhenya komnikazi waso.

Imidlwane ye-Karelian-Finland husky

Uma unqume ngokuqinisekile ukuthenga uhlobo olunjalo Karelo Finnish Laika, intengo ngeke kukuvimbe noma kukwesabise. Amanani emidlwane e-pedigree ene-pedigree ekuqaleni kwama-ruble ayi-15,000. Inani alwethuseli ngokusobala. Ngemali uthola umngani omangalisayo nomzingeli omkhulu.

Kuyiqiniso, unelungelo lokuthenga umdlwane kwisikhangiso ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-5, kepha kulokhu kuleli cala wonke umthwalo uzophumula nawe kuphela, futhi akekho ozokusiza. Indlela inja yakho ekhula ngayo izoncika kuwe kuphela, ekukhulisweni nasenakekelweni. Khumbula ukuthi inja idinga ukuqalwa hhayi ngenjongo yemibukiso nokuzalanisa, kodwa ngenxa yobungani nothando.

Umsuka wohlobo

Imininingwane yokuqala mayelana nokhokho bezinja zakwaKarelian-Finnish itholwe kumhambi waseFrance uPierre-Martin de Lamartinier. Ngenkathi ehlala eFinland, wahlangana nezinja ezazinezinwele ezibomvu ezimnyama, ezazivelela ubuhle bazo ngemuva kwendawo enamakhaza eqhwa. Kwavela ukuthi izinja bezifuywa yizizwe zasendulo zamaSuomi ngezinhloso zokuzingela.

Isibalo sabantu abahlanjululwe ngenhliziyo sinciphile ngokuhamba kweminyaka, okwasungulwa izimpi zengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1980s, iqembu labathakazeli baseSoviet naseFinland laqala ukuvuselela ukuzalanisa. Ochwepheshe bawela izinja zokuhweba zakwaKarelian ne-Olonets neFinnish husky. Ngo-1984, inzalo yabo yaqokwa ngohlobo olufanayo ne- "Finnish Spitz". Izilwane zivamile ezweni lakubo - eFinland nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga yeRussia, kanye nase-Alaska naseNetherlands.

Ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-Spitz-like ekuzaleni, abalandeli abazibheki izinja zakwaKarelian njenge-Spitz. Okhokho bakaKarelian-Finland husky babeyizinja ezibucayi zokuzingela, amabhele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwegazi le-Spitz, elingaphansi kwama "Karelians" ngokwezimfanelo zokusebenza, kungenye yezinqubo ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwechibi lesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, yindlela yokuqalwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ezidumile zezinja.

Incazelo yokubukeka

Ngokwencazelo, izilwane kufanele zibe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Isisindo - 7-13 kg. Ukuphakama - 39-50 cm (abesilisa bakhulu futhi bade kakhulu).
• Ikhanda. Isigaxa sivesi. Isizalo mncane, sibunjiwe njenge-wedge, kancane kancane sikhula ngokuqondisa kusuka ekhaleni kuya ezindlebeni. I-chin echaziwe kahle nomhlathi ophansi. Amehlo athambile alumise okwe-alimondi, amnyama ngombala. Ukubukeka kunengqondo futhi kuyasinaka. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziqondile, zibekwe phezulu.
• Amazinyo. Okumhlophe, kuhlanganiswe ukuluma okuqinile, ngaphandle kwegebe. Isethi ephelele (amayunithi angama-42). Izindebe zivaliwe futhi zinemibala ngokuphelele.
• Impumulo. Iyashukumiseka futhi incane. Umphetho we-lobe uphumela ngaphandle komugqa womhlathi ophansi. Umbala - omnyama noma onsundu.

• Uhlobo lomzimba. Intamo inemisipha yobude obuphakathi, okusaqanda ngesimo. Ezinjeni zamadoda, kuvezwa ukhola woboya obukhulu. Unganquma nokuthi ubulili besilwane buvela esithombeni. Owesilisa unomzimba wesikwele owengeziwe, ukuma okutshekisayo. Kwinja yezinsikazi, umzimba uyaphakama, emuva kuqondile.
• Izimbotshana. Ngqo, sitholakala eduze komunye nomunye. Imisipha, amathambo kanye nokuhlangana kuqinile. Amawunga ayindilinga, aphela ngeminwe ebekiwe. Izingalo zesandla emuva zibanzi kunangaphambili.
• Umsila. Ngokwejwayelekile, ijijeke ibe yindandatho, kuyilapho ipiphu lilele okhalweni noma kwehle kancane uhlangothi. Ubude besimo esiqondisiwe abudluli kude kunebanga ukuya kumasheya. Umhlane uqinile, ubude obuphakathi. Ukuhluma kukhule, kuqondile. Isisu kanye ne-groin line kuqinisiwe.
• Umbala. Ngokwezinga le-Kareky-Finnish husky - brown brown or red. Vumela umbala obomvu wanoma yimuphi umthunzi. Umbala we-Fawn uwuphawu oluvumelayo. Amamaki amhlophe amukelekile emikhawulweni yomsila, imilenze, isifuba nesisu.
• Uhlobo loboya. Ijazi lamaKareli liningi, lingqimba kabili. Izinwele zonke ziqonde, zimboza umzimba wonke. Ijazi loboya besilwane elihle kakhulu. Izinwele zimakwe emsileni, zibune, emuva kwama-paws. Amasideburns akha emgqeni wezihlathi.

Izici zomlingiswa weKarelian-Finnish husky

Ama-huskies aseKarelian-eFinland anesimo esihle sobuntu nokusabela okuhle. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, qaphela ukuthi ungazifaki engozini ngeze. Ihlanzekile kakhulu, inamathele kalula endaweni eyodwa. Bayakuqonda ukuncika kumnikazi futhi bazama ukumjabulisa. Kodwa-ke, bagcina umuzwa wesithunzi, baphawule isimo sengqondo samanye amalungu omndeni futhi baphendule okufanayo. Akusibo labo abazoncanca bagxume ophahleni lubonwe ngumnikazi. Ukuvinjwa kungenxa yesici sofuzo, ngoba amadlozi enja ayenziwa nzima yizimo zasenyakatho ezinzima.

Ukwakheka komlingiswa nemikhuba yezilwane ezifuywayo kuthatha iminyaka emi-4. Imvamisa kule minyaka, angakhombisa ukuzimela ngokweqile, isinyathelo kanye nomsebenzi. Ngeke azivumelanise nombuso womndeni; uphila ngokwemikhuba nemithetho yakhe. Uma zingabangeli usizi kunoma ngubani, kungcono ukungazami ukwakha impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo. I-Karelian-Finnish husky ngokuyinhloko iyimzingeli, ngakho-ke akufanele ulindele ubungani nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo endlini kuye.

Inja ayingqubuzani nabamele bohlobo bayo, noma kunjalo, ezinye izilwane zizoba yinto yokuphangwa yiyo. Kuhlangana kahle nezingane ezindala eziqonda ukuthi phambi kwazo kuyisidalwa esiphilayo, hhayi ithoyizi. Uma kwenzeka ukuziphatha okucasulayo ezinganeni, kungakhombisa ulaka. Ezikhathini zobungozi, ukukhonkotha, okuheha ukunakwa.

Ukunakekelwa kanjani?

Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane zasilwane akuwona umthwalo, kepha kuvamile. Phakathi kwezinqubo ezidingekayo:

• Ukuhlanza izindlebe nokuhlolwa. Kwenziwa kanye ngesonto. Ukungcola kususwa ngethala lekotini elimanzi, kepha hhayi ngezindlebe.
• Amazinyo. Ukuvimbela izifo zamazinyo ukuxubha, kanye nokwelashwa kwamazinyo okufanele kunikezwe inja ukuhlafuna.
• Ukugoqa uzipho. Yenza uma izilevu zingazigugi ngokwazo. Kungcono ukuxhumana nomkhwenyana ochwepheshe ngalezi zinhloso.
• Ukuhamba. Izinja ezinyakazayo nezisebenzayo zidinga ukuhamba amabanga amade futhi zihlale emoyeni omusha. Izinwele ezifudumele azivumeli isilwane ukuba sibande ebusika, ngakho-ke akufanele umenqabele injabulo yokuhamba eqhweni.
• Ukunakekelwa kwezinwele. Ijazi - inkomba yempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukuvikela ukugoqa nokukhipha izinwele ezindala, udinga ukuhlanganisa izinwele kanye ngesonto nge-massage yokuxubha enamazinyo ayindilinga. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe nsuku zonke. Isilwane asidingi ukugeza njalo: Izinqubo zamanzi zenziwa kabili ngonyaka. Uma kungcoliswa, sula izinwele zesilwane ngendwangu emanzi.
• Ukugoma. Ukugoma kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuhamba kokuqala nokwazana nezihlobo. Kunesimiso okufanele sisigcine. Ukucwilisa kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ukusuka kwi-enteritis kanye nesifo sigonywe ezinyangeni ezi-2, futhi - ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Zigonyelwa amarabi ngemuva kokushintsha amazinyo obisi.

Ezempilo Nezikhathi Zokuphila

Abafuyi bezithelo baziphawula lezo zikhathi eziphazamisayo:

• Umsebenzi nokushesha kwezidlwane ezinomqondo omuhle wephunga futhi ngentshiseko zimba imfucuza yokudla emgwaqweni. Ngemuva kokutholwa, bazama "izinyo" noma bala ukudla okusele kusukela ekhanda kuye ezinzwaneni. Isixazululo sabanikazi ukufeza imigomo yokugoma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungasusi isihlwayi ngenkathi uhamba.
• Ukhuluphele kanye nokukhuluphala. AbakwaKareli bangabathandi bezidlakela. Uma kungekho ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba, ukuhamba njalo nemidlalo esebenzayo, bazibeka engcupheni yokuthola isisindo. Umthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula ukwakheka kwezilwane zihlala nomnikazi wazo.

Kanjani futhi yini ukondla?

Kuma-huslian angamaKarelian, ukudla okuhle kakhulu kungukudla kwemvelo. Isisekelo sokudla yinyama eluhlaza, enqunywe izingcezu. Inyama enenyama nengulube ayinconywa. I-cartilage ethambile, intamo yenkukhu, i-offal ebilisiwe iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni imihlathi. Iphorridge (i-buckwheat, ilayisi, ukolweni) kufanele ibiliswe emhluzi. Udinga ukuwagcwalisa ngamafutha yemifino, engeza imifino nezicucu zenyama.

Ukusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu umdlwane wondla izikhathi ezine ngosuku, kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kufanelekile ukushintshela ekudleni kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva konyaka, kwanele ukondla isilwane kabili ngosuku. Konke okungadliwanga yisilwane ngemizuzu engama-20 kufanele kususwe. Kamuva, unganciphisa kancane ingxenye ukuze kungabikho izinsalela. I-Taboo ekudleni okuvela etafuleni lomndeni elijwayelekile: inyama ebhemayo, amaswidi. Njengesikhuthazo, kufanele unikeze ukuphathwa okukhethekile kwezinja.

Abanikazi banamuhla “bezithwali” bavame ukukhetha ukudla okwomile kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukukhetha kwakhe akuwona umsebenzi olula. Okokuqala, umkhiqizo kufanele ungowezigaba ze "premium" ne "super-premium." Okwesibili, kufanele kukhethwe kucatshangelwa ubudala, imisebenzi yansuku zonke nezidingo zesilwane esifuywayo. Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukungahambelani. Uma isilwane sicheza, izinwele zaso ziphelile, kubuye kube nzima, kubuye kukhethwe okunye ukuphakelwa. Udinga ukuphathisa ukukhethwa kokudla kanye nezithasiselo ezidingekayo zokudla kudokotela wezilwane.

Musa ukwahluka phakathi kokudla "okwemvelo" nokudla okwomile.Isibonelo, ngolunye usuku ukunikeza imikhiqizo yemvelo, nenye - granules. Ukushintshwa kusuka kolunye uhlobo lokuphakelwa kolunye kufanele kube kancane kancane. Nganoma iyiphi indlela yokudla, ukuthola amanzi okuphuza kufanele kube ngewashi.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Ubukhulu obuncane nezinhlamvu ezinhle kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ama-huskies kaKarelian-Finland efulethini nasekhaya. Izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zibe nendawo yazo - imibhede, indawo yokundizela evulekile noma idokodo. Uma inja ihlala endlini encane, kufanele igcinwe endlini kuze kube molt wokuqala. Kusukela esikhathini sokukhula kwakho, ungahambisa endizeni, evikela ngokuthembekile isilwane sakho esimweni sezulu esibi.

Ungayikhetha kanjani imbuzane?

Umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele athathe umdlwana weKarelian-Kifinland husky kusuka kunina eneminyaka eyi-3 ubudala. Ungabhalisela inja futhi uthole imininingwane ngamalitha asemkhakheni wokuzalela elinye lama-kennels azalela abamele uhlobo lokuzalela. Zisezifundeni eziningi zeRussia. Kubandakanya - ezifundeni zaseMoscow naseLeningrad, e-Udmurtia, Yakutia, Karelia.

Isinambuzane esine-purebred singafakwa ku-inthanethi eFinland, kepha kuzobiza kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko eziningi zokuhamba nezindleko zenkambiso. Ungathenga isilwane ngesandla, esizoshibhile. Noma kunjalo, umthengisi ngeke anikeze iziqinisekiso zokuhlanzeka kokuzalela. Uma umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo engahleleli ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokuzingela isilwane, umuntu akufanele afune inja kwilitha ezinconyelwe ukuzingela. Lapho kuba nesidingo sokuphephisa isilwanyana esidala, kufanele wazi ukuthi kungenzeka kungahambi futhi kungamnikazi umnikazi wendlu entsha.

Izindleko zabamele izinhlobo zohlobo lokuzala zixhomekeka engaphandle, emgudwini, idumela lehlengikazi. Kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30-70. Ngokusho kwezikhangiso ezikwi-Intanethi ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-15 ungathenga i-mestizo noma isilwane esine-defence yokuzalanisa. Lapho ukhetha umdlwane, kubalulekile ukubheka lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• I-Pedigree. Inja egcotshwe kahle kufanele ibe nesitifiketi semvelaphi yezizwe ezifika kwayi-4, isitifiketi sokugonywa. Kungcono ukujwayelana nabazali bengane. I-metric iyadingeka kubanikazi abahlela ukubamba iqhaza embukisweni nasemincintiswaneni.
• Ukuziphatha kwe-puppy. Lapho ukhetha umngane omncane kunodoti, kufanele ugcine yonke imidlwane. Impela, omunye wabo angathanda ukwedlula abanye. Kubalulekile ukubheka isisu ukungabi bikho kwe-hernia, i-scrotum ye-cryptochorism emadodeni, ukubona ukuthi ingane iziphatha kanjani. Kumele akhuthele futhi afune ukwazi, akhombise intshisekelo yamathoyizi nabafowethu. I-Lethargy kanye nokunganaki kuyizimpawu zokuziphatha, ukukhathala ngokomzimba, ukungabi namandla.
• Phansi. Abaphathi bezinja batusa ukukhetha inja yowesifazane yomndeni. Banothando futhi bathembekile, ababusi ngokusobala njengabesilisa. Ekugcineni, noma kunjalo, ukukhethwa kobulili kuyindaba yokunambitha.

Abaphathi bezinja bayelulekwa ukuba banikeze isidlaliso esifushane kodwa esimnandi kulesilwane. Umfana angabizwa nge-Azor, Urho (iqhawe), uNero (genius), uRosso. Le ntombazane nguVesta, Aina, Taika (umlingo), uBrita, uGerda, uDyusha (waseNadezhda, eNadyusha). Kubalulekile ukuthi umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo ahlole amandla akhe. Uzokwazi yini ukunikeza isilwane ithuba lokusebenza nsuku zonke, ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo zalo zokuzingela nokuzivikela? Ngabe isilwane singasebenza ukuze kusizakale abantu? Uma kunjalo, ungakha umngani onemilenze emine ngokuphepha. Uzojabulisa ngomusa wakhe nobungane, abe umlingani othembekile.

Ungasondla kanjani isilwane

Abanikazi besikhathi esizayo balesi husky kufanele bazi kusengaphambili ukuthi bangazondla kanjani izingane ezinsikazi zikaKarelian-Finnish husky.

Gwema inkukhu nengulube ekudleni komdlwane wakho. Inyama ibhekwa njengamafutha enja. Kuvunyelwe ukunika isilwane inyama eluhlaza, ngokuqapha - amathambo. Isilwane esincane siba nenkinga yokugaya uma sidla amathambo amaningi.

Izinhlobo zohlobo lwezinja uKarelian-Finland husky ziyashesha ekudleni. Abamele lo mfuzo wenqaba kokudla okungathandeki. Bazofunda kubathengisi ukuthi bangayondla kanjani i-Karelian-Finnish husky; isipiliyoni sabo sizosiza umfuyi wezinja osanda kwenziwa. Khonza amathambo ngobumnene. Isisu sezilwane sibuthakathaka; ukondla wonke umuntu akunconywa.

Inqubo yemfundo

Ukuqeqesha i-husky kaKarelian-Finnish kuzoletha ubumnandi obuningi, inja ihlakaniphe ngokweqile. Bafunda imiyalo elula ezinyangeni ezingama-5-6, kuleli banga imidlwane igxile kumnikazi futhi ikhombisa inhlonipho.

Inja izokwazi kahle imiyalo ejwayelekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Kungenzeka ukuthatha ukuzingela okugcwele kusukela ngonyaka nesigamu esivele sikhona. Ungesabi isilwane, ukukhuthazela kwaso kungaba nomona kuphela. I-husky kaKarelian-Kifinland igijima ngokushesha, ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi, iyakwazi ukuqondisa kahle amakhono. Akufanele ulindele ukulalela okuphelele okuvela kunja, kepha inhlonipho nothando zihlala zikhona.

Ngokukhulisa i-husky ngokunembile, umuntu uzothola umngane weqiniso nomvikeli. Awukwazi ukubiza u-Karelian-Finish husky ngesibindi futhi azinikele, njengokhokho abakhethiwe, kepha inja, ngokungangabazeki, ibheka njengomsebenzi wayo ukuvikela umndeni.