Muva nje, i-otter engenacala engenacala yase-Eshiya yathathwa njengoyimele kuphela wohlobo lwe-Amblonyx, kodwa ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA, kwatholakala kuyo i-otter engenacala engenantambo kuyo.
Isimo somzimba wesilwane siphakeme futhi silinganiswe, noma kunjalo, kungashiwo nge-otter enkulu. Ikhanda ligcotshwe kancane, amehlo abekwe phambili. Izindlebe zincanyana futhi ziyindilinga, okukhona kuzo uhlobo lohlobo lwe-valve oluvala umsele wendlebe lapho lungaphansi kwamanzi. Imilenze imfishane, neminwe iboshwe ngokwengxenye, okwahlukanisa i-otter engenamakhompiyutha kubo bonke abanye ama-otter. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi silwane singakwazi ukuhlanganisa kangcono isenzo saso, kanye nokubamba inyamazane ngezihlakala zayo, hhayi ngomlomo waso.
Umsila we-otter engenacala e-Eshiya esisekelweni unene, unemisipha, futhi njengoba isondela ekugcineni iba mncane. Phansi kwawo kukhona indlala enephunga elimnandi isilwane esiphawula ngalo insimu. Ngosizo lwayo, lesi silwane sikhula ngesivinini esihle kakhulu emanzini, sisebenzisa imilenze yangemuva njengomhlanga.
Uboya bunezingqimba ezimbili: ungqimba olugqinsiwe nolugqamile olunobude bezinwele lufika ku-2,5 cm, kanye nengaphansi elincane elingaphansi. Ubuningi bomzimba, uboya bumsundu okhanyayo, futhi esiswini nasemphinjeni kuphela kunombala okhanyayo ompunga noma okhilimu.
Ama-otter angenasici e-Asia asebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Bahlala emaqenjini amancane emindeni yabantu abangafika kwabangu-12, lapho kukhona abesilisa nabesifazane abaphethe, wonke umndeni uyinzalo yabo. Izilwane zihlala ndawonye, zidlala ndawonye futhi zivikele indawo yazo kubancintisana. Ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye, basebenzisa imisindo, futhi, ngokweqile, kunuka.
Ama-Otter akha amabhangqa agxekayo empilweni. Owesifazane angaletha amalitha ama-2 ngonyaka, ngalinye lingaba nama-1 kuya kwayi-6 ama-cubs. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60, kepha izilwane ezincane azalwa zingakakhuli kahle, futhi ekuqaleni azithuthi, ngithola ukudla lapho ngilala khona kanye. Ukondliwa kwenzeka njalo emahoreni angama-3-4, futhi kuphela emva kwezinyanga ezintathu bengadla ukudla okuqinile. Owesilisa usiza owensikazi ekwakheni isidleke nasekukhombeni kokudla kwezilwane ezincane.
Ukudla kufaka phakathi ama-invertebrates anjengamankomane namanye ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks nama-amphibians. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinduku, izinyoka, amasele, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi nazo ziya ekudleni. Ukuthola inyamazane emanzini anodaka, i-otter engenamakhaza isebenzisa ubuhlakani obuzwayo, futhi ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-6-8.
Njengoba sebebambe inyamazane, bavula igobolondo layo (uma ikhona) ngosizo lwama-paws angaphambili nezinsimbi ezikhethekile.
Funda nokuthi:
- Ingabe upholi we-kakapo ubukeka njengesikhova?
- Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi izinhlanzi zikaphinifa zinambitha njengophayinaphu?
- Kungani umdweshu we-zebra wasentabeni emzimbeni?
- Kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi iqembu lama-woodpecker Woodpeckers lingakwazi ukufaka ama-acorns angama-60,000 ebusika?
- Inhlanzi yezinhlanzi zase-Fringed
22.08.2019
I-Asian clawless otter (lat.Aonyx cinerea) ingeyamalungu omndeni kaKutya (Mustelidae). Ungumdala omncane kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ihlukaniswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene ikakhulukazi ngokuncipha kokuncipha kanye nokubamba kokubhukuda, okunyusa kakhulu ukuhamba kweminwe. Lesi sakhiwo simvumela ukuthi avule ngokungazelele amagobolondo e-bivalve mollusks.
Lesi silwane saziwa nangokuthi i-otter yasempumalanga engenacala. Inesimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani labantu bakhona belincipha ngokuqinile. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehliswa kwaso ukungcola kwemvelo yemvelo ngama-pesticides nosawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo. Baholela ekwephuleni izinqubo zomzimba emzimbeni wesilwane esinyisayo kanye nokwenza buthaka okubukhali komsebenzi wokuzala.
Uhlobo lwachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1815 isazi sezilwane saseJalimane uJohann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.
Ukubhebhetheka
Indawo yokuhlala itholakala eSoutheast Asia, Bangladesh, eningizimu nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Izakhamizi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeChina, esiqongweni saseMalay peninsula, ePhilippines naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia zaseSumatra, eJava naseBorneo.
Izilwane zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokugcina ezinezitshalo eziminyene, kepha ezimile zasogwini. Imvamisa, zitholakala ogwini, ngasogwini nasezixekweni. Izilwane zithanda izindawo ezinomswakama kanye nama-mangroves. Zingabonakala kaningi emasimini erayisi aniselwe.
Ama-otter angenacala angenasici ase-Eastern agwema izindawo ezivulekile lapho kunzima khona ukuthi azifihle kubazingeli. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, zibonwa ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izilwane zivame ukuhlangana namaNdiya (amaLutrogale perspicillata) namaSumatran otters (uLutra sumatrana).
Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezi-3. Ukuxhumana okuqokiwe kujwayelekile eNhlonhlo yeMalay.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-otter angenasici ahlala emaqenjini amancane emindeni yabantu abangu-6-12. Imvamisa zihlanganisa izilwane zezizukulwane eziningana. Kuzalela umbhangqwana ovelele kuphela, futhi amalungu asele eqembu amsiza ekukhuliseni abasha.
Umsebenzi uyaziveza ngesikhathi sasemini. Iningi labantu lihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kubantu, kepha ezinye zizizwa zikhululekile impela lapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Ama-otter angenantambo ase-Asia abhukuda ngokuphelele. Emvelweni wemanzini, ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ihambisa imilenze yangemuva nomsila wayo. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, kususa futhi ngokushintshana kuphakamise zonke izitho zomzimba.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi, isilwane singaba imizuzu engu-8, yize isikhathi esiningi sinqunyelwe kumasekhondi angama-30.
Njengoba esefikile ogwini, uphonsa amatshe nezingodo ukushiya iphunga lakhe kuzo. Imingcele yensimu okuhlalwa kuyo wonke amalungu eqembu amakiwe ngendle. Bazivikela ekuhlaselweni ngabantu abangabazi, besebenzisa amazinyo nezimpelesi zabo.
Phakathi kokuphakelayo, izilwane ziphumula noma hlela imidlalo ehlanganyelwe. Bacitha ubusuku endaweni yokukhosela engaphansi komhlaba.
Phakathi kwabo, ama-otter angenasici axhumana ngomthombo wama-aroma nezimpawu zomsindo. Izindunduma ezinephunga kuzo zitholakala ngaphansi kwemisila. Amamaki abekwa iziqu zezihlahla, izihlahlana nasemigwaqweni yemizila egandayiwe. Ukwenza ukuba khona kwabo kwaziwe, izilwane zakha izinqwaba zesihlabathi, udwala, udaka notshani. Izimpawu ze-Tactile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela ezibalulekile zidlala indima ebalulekile kwezokuxhumana.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kungama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Ama-Amphibians adliwa ngezinga elincane. Amazinyo abanzi futhi aqinile angasemuva angaphezulu enza kube lula ukubhubhisa amagobolondo ogwababa, imfoloko, iminenke, imbaza nezimbaza.
Naphezu kwezinga eliphakeme lokuxhumana nabantu, i-otter yasempumalanga engenacala ihlala izingela yodwa. Kwesinye isikhathi idla izinhlanzi ezincane, izinduku nezinambuzane.
Umhlaseli uthola inyamazane emanzini ngosizo lwe-vibrissae ebucayi, ngokunemba okukhulu ekutholeni indawo yomuntu ohlukumeziwe. Ngemuva kokuguguleka komoya ophansi, uvame ukusebenzisa ama-jumpers e-periophthalmus futhi abambe imollusks odakeni.
Ama-otter abamba inyamazane yawo ngezihlakala zawo zangaphambili. Zivula imollusk ngeminwe yazo noma kwesinye isikhathi zibashiye elangeni, zilinde ukuba zivuleke.
Incazelo ye-otter ebushelelezi
Ama-otter abushelelezi besilisa akhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Umzimba uphakeme, imilenze imfishane ngemikhawulo ebukhali, kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kweminwe. Amehlo ahlukene phakathi. Isizalo simfishane. Ikhala linokuma kweleta "V". Amadevu aminyene. Umsila uqwebile, uthinta ubheke esihlangwini, ubude bawo ngamasentimitha angama-40,5-50.5.
Uboya be-otter bukhulu, ungqimba olunobumba obumbili, velvety ngokuthinta. Ubude bezinwele zangaphandle ngamamitha ayi-12-16, futhi ubude bangaphansi bungamamitha ayi-6,5. Umbala woboya engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba onsundu, futhi isisu kanye nezinhlangothi zilula.
Indlela Yokuphila Ye-Smooth Otters
Lawa ma-otter ayasebenza ikakhulukazi kusihlwa, kwesinye isikhathi angaba namandla emsebenzini wesikhathi sasemini. Ama-solter otters ajwayele ukutholakala emaqenjini.
Emanzini, ama-otter abushelelezi ayimbimbi kakhulu. Babheka inyamazane enamadevu abucayi. Lapho i-otter ibhukuda kancane, khona-ke yonke imilenze emi-4 iyabandakanyeka, futhi yenza ijerks esheshayo ngosizo lwemilenze yangasemuva kanye nomsila wayo, kuyilapho izingaphambili zangaphambili zicindezelwa ngokuqinile emzimbeni.
Ama-otter anekhanda elibushelelezi anesilinganiso esikhulu se-metabolic; ngakho-ke, ukuze azizwe kahle, kufanele adle cishe i-1 kilogalamu yokudla nsuku zonke.
Ama-Otter ayizilwane ezizithobayo, ukudla kwazo kuqukethe ama-75-100% ezinhlanzi, kepha futhi adla noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esingasibamba, ngokwesibonelo, amabala, izimfudu, ama-lobster, amasele, izidalwa ezincanyana, amabele, izinambuzane, amagundane amanzi, izimfudu, izibungu , izinyoni namaqanda abo.
Izitha zezinwele ezinezinwele ezibushelelezi ziyingwenya, amakati asendle nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. Isifiso sokuphila kwama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi ngokwemvelo yiminyaka emi-4 kuya kweli-10, kanti ekudingisweni bahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Isakhiwo Somphakathi Smooth Otters
Lezi yizilwane zenhlalo enkulu. Abesifazane bahlala nemindeni enabesilisa futhi bafundise nentsha. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhundla esiqavile eqenjini sithathwa ngowesifazane.
Isakhiwo somdwebo womndeni sithatha kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-7 kuye kwayi-12. Kungahle kube nemibhobho eminingana. Ukungena komgodi kutholakala ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi, kepha kungenzeka kube nokuphuma okungaphezu kokukodwa.
Ama-otter angama-Smooth aphawula imingcele yendawo yawo ngamaphonsa nangendlela yokufihla umusk, ekhishwa emithanjeni ye-anal esezandleni zomsila. Amamaki we-odor asetshenziswa hhayi ukuthola kuphela imingcele yendawo, kodwa futhi njengendlela yokuxhumana. Baphinde basebenzise ukuthinta, ukuma komzimba, nezimpawu ezizwakalayo ukuxhumana nabanye. Uma ama-otter esesimweni esijabulisayo, uyancwina bese eshaya ikhwela.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi
Ama-Smooth otter ayizilwane ezikhulu kakhulu ezakha amabhangqa aqinile. Owesifazane uletha inzalo emgodini oseceleni, oseduze kwamanzi. Izingane zihlala emgodini zize zizimele. Owesifazane angasusa imbobo elahliwe noma abambe entsha.
Kukhona inzalo eyi-1 ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuzala sama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi siqala ngo-Agasti kuze kube nguDisemba. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinwele ezinezinwele ezibushelelezi ukuthi zakha amaqembu emindeni.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha iminyaka emi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzalwa izinsikazi eziyizimpumputhe nezinsizwa ezimbili. Amehlo abo avula kuphela inyanga. Owesifazane udla amawundlu ngobisi izinyanga ezingama-3-4. Lapho imidlwane iyeka ukuncela ubisi, owesilisa ujoyina umndeni, kusukela manje kusiza ukubanikeza ukudla.
Cishe ngeminyaka eyi-1, abantu abasha bashiya imindeni yabo bese beqala ukuzimela. Ukuthomba kuma-otter anekhanda abushelelezi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-2.
Ama-Otter Otters kanye Nabantu
Abantu baphanga ama-otter abushelelezi boboya babo. Izingubo, ubucwebe kanye nemigqomo kwenziwa ngezikhumba zalezi zilwane. Amafutha akhishwa emafutheni awo, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa umuthi wendabuko. Inyama ye-otter edliwayo.
Inani lama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi nobubanzi bawo buyancipha ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwemvelo: ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi, ezolimo, ukudonswa kwamachibi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu benza ukudoba okuqinile kuma-otter anekhanda abushelelezi, okunciphisa kakhulu inani labantu.
I-Ecology nokusatshalaliswa
Le nhlobo ihlala ukusuka empumalanga yeNdiya iya eSoutheast Asia, futhi itholakala kwezinye izindawo e-Iraq.
Ama-otter angenwele anezinwele ahlala ezindaweni ezinamachibi amaningi - izingulube zepatto, imifula emikhulu yehlathi, amachibi namasimu erayisi. Zijwayelwe kahle impilo eduze kwamanzi, kepha, noma kunjalo, zizizwa zikhululekile emhlabathini, futhi zingakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade zithungatha umhlaba zifuna indawo efanelekayo.
I-otter enezinwele ezibushelelezi ihlela ukugcwala kwayo ngemisele noma ezindaweni zokulahla idwala. Ezinye zazo zingakha i-lair engapheli eduze kwamanzi, efana nekhaya le-beaver, ngomnyango ongaphansi kwamanzi kanye nomhubhe oholela esidlekeni ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Inani lezomnotho
E-Bangladesh, kusetshenziswa ama-otter athambile anezinwele zokudoba: i-otter (ngokwesilinganiso esiphakathi kwesithathu kuya kwesihlanu), eboshwe ngokuxhuma kwenduku ende, iholele izinhlanzi emanethini adonswa ngabadobi. Kaningi, kanye nama-otter amadala, amawundlu awo ayasetshenziswa. Bona, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, ababoshiwe, ngoba basabhukuda kubazali babo. Indlela efanayo yokudoba yayenziwa eChina ngekhulu lesi-7 B.C.E.
Habitat
I-Smooth (Indian) otter (I-Lutrogale perspicillata) isatshalaliswa isuka empumalanga yeNdiya iye eSoutheast Asia, nayo etholakala ezingxenyeni ze-Iraq. Lezi zilwane zihlala ezindaweni lapho kunezindawo eziningi zokugcina - amapulangwe, imifula emikhulu yamahlathi, amachibi namasimu erayisi. Zijwayelwe kahle impilo eduze kwamanzi, kepha, noma kunjalo, zizizwa zikhululekile emhlabathini, futhi zingakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade zithungatha umhlaba zifuna indawo efanelekayo.
Ukubukeka
I-Smooth otter ngobukhulu kunawo wonke ama-otter aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, inesisindo esingu-7-11 kg futhi ifinyelela ku-1,3 m ubude, kuthi abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Njengamanye ama-otter, ama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi aneminwe e-webbed nama-paws aqinile anezandla ezibukhali. Isidumbu se-otter esinezinwele ezibushelelezi yinde futhi siwugqinsi, imilenze ibhuqiwe, inezikhafu ezibukhali, intamo nekhanda kubanzi, izindlebe zisezingeni eliphansi, amehlo asendaweni ekude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Isibalo sisifushane, amadevu aminyene, uboya bukhulu velvety, ungqimba olubili. Izinwele ezisele zingu-12mm ubude, i-undercoat ingu-6-8 mm. Ijazi lale otter lifushane futhi libushelelezi kunezinye izinhlobo ze-otter. Ukukhanya kusuka kokukhanya kuye koku nsundu okumnyama emuva, futhi kusuka ngaphansi onsundu okhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela cishe kumpunga. Imilenze yangaphambili yale otter imfushane kunemilenze yangemuva, umsila mkhulu, ubumbekile ngesimo.
Ukuziphatha Komphakathi Nokuzala
I-Smooth Otters yakha amabhangqa amakhulu aqinile. Indawo yokudla yeqembu noma yomndeni we-otter ihlanganisa indawo eyi-7-12 km2 futhi ifaka phakathi imingcele eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enokungena okungenani ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi. Imingcele yezindawo imakwe yizinqwaba zodoti nokuvikeleka kwemisipha yezindlala ze-anal ezisezandleni zomsila. Ama-Otter asebenzisa iphunga ukunquma imingcele yendawo nangendlela yokuxhumana: amaka imifino, amadwala acwebile noma umngcele wendawo yawo.
I-otter enezinwele ezibushelelezi ayinayo isikhathi esithile sokuzalela, kepha lapho ama-otter encike ekuhlolweni, ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Agasti noDisemba. Ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-61-65, emva kwalokho kuzelwe amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisihlanu. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi azisizi ngalutho, kodwa emva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu amehlo abo avuleka, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha amathole angakwazi ukubhukuda. Owesifazane udla omncane ngobisi isikhathi eside, aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-3-4. Lapho kuphela iminyaka ecishe ibe unyaka, izilwane ezincane zishiya iqembu lomndeni futhi ziqale impilo yokuzimela. Ngokungafani namanye ama-otter, ama-otter anezinwele ezibushelelezi akha amaqembu emindeni. Owesilisa ujoyina iqembu ngemuva kokulunyulwa imidlwane, abese esiza ukuhlinzeka imidlwane ngokudla. Ama-Otter afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka emibili.
