Umndeni weMadagascar Cowgirls - Mesitornithidae - Umndeni omncane wezinyoni, zonke izinhlobo zitholakala esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Njengamanje, ukuhlukaniswa kwalo mndeni akuqondakali ngokuphelele - abanye ama-ornithologists bawubeka njengomndeni wabelusi (Rallidae), abanye bawubeka njengenkukhu (Galliformes). Ukufana ngokwenxenye komzimba, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwe-sternum, kukhuluma ngokuhlangana kwabantu abathandanayo. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko phakathi kwabo - ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona kwamabili ezinqwaba zezixha ze-powder fluff, hhayi isimilo sokwalusa, kanye nokungabikho kokuvuleka kwensali okuvunyelwe. Njengezinye izilwane zaseMadagascar, abelusi baseMadagascar babengumphumela wegatsha lasendulo lokuzivela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi isikhathi eside lakhula ngokuhlukile.
Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zabelusi baseMadagascar zifakiwe kwi-International Red Book njengezinhlobo ezingandile. Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu kungenxa yokwehla kwendawo nekhwalithi yezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo.
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile benyoni, obude bungama-30- 32 cm. Umzimba awujwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni - ukwakheka kwesilinda, ngombala omkhulu omningi ongaphansi komsila nomsila omude, obanzi. Ama-wings amafushane, ayindilinga, imilenze ikhule kahle. Uqhwaku lugobile. I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kowesifazane nowesifazane) ivezwa kuphela ezinhlotsheni ze-monium (Monias benschi).
Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zabelusi baseMadagascar zigcwele esiqhingini saseMadagascar oLwandle i-Indian. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke umalusi waseMadagascar onombala owodwa (iMesitornis unicolor), ehlala endaweni enomswakama ephansi enesihlahla esisempumalanga yesiqhingi. Umalusi waseMadagascar onesifuba esimhlophe (Mesitornis variegate) utholakala eziqhingini zehlathi elomile elisentshonalanga nasentshonalanga yesiqhingi, kanye ne-monia (Monias benschi) ezingxenyeni zezihlahla ezinameva ngesiqeshana esincane phakathi kogu oluseningizimu mpumalanga nangamagquma angama-80 km ukusuka ogwini.
Abelusi baseMadagascar bahola umhlaba, indlela yokuphila yasemini. Imikhuba yabo, ikakhulukazi, i-daiting gait, ifana namajuba. Lapho ingozi isondela, bazama ukuphunyuka ngokushesha noma ukwenza izindiza ezincane. Zindiza kakhulu futhi zinqikaza, ngokusobala, amandla abo endiza anciphile. Bahlala ngamaqembu asuka kwabathathu (abelungu abaseMadagascar abelungu nabamhlophe) baye kwabayi-10 (eMonia). I-repertoire yezwi ihlukahlukene, abelusi baseMadagascar bavame ukuba namazwi amabili owesilisa nowesifazane.
Izinyoni zidla izinambuzane, imbewu nezithelo ezincane zezitshalo. Zingabonakala kaningi zidilika zibe ngamaqabunga awileyo lapho zifuna ukudla.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-monia inyoni enesithembu - zingaba ne-polygyny noma i-polyandry. Abelusi baseMadagascar banomqondo munye. Isidleke sazo zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu sakhiwe ezihlahleni ezicijile noma esihlahleni sothango esiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-0.6-3 ngaphezu komhlaba. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-1-3, isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Imichilo yohlobo lwe-brood, ekuzalweni embozwe nge-fluff-brown brown. Ekuqaleni bazama ukuhlala ndawonye nabazali babo.
Umndeni: Mesitornithidae = Mesetiniformes, partgges partgges, Madgogo cowgirls
Amapayipi angama-MONIA (Monias benschi) avela phezulu ngimpunga, mhlophe kusuka ngezansi. Owesifazane mncane ngokugqamile kunowesilisa, ngoba umphimbo wakhe nesifuba zibomvu izitini. Bobabili ubulili banezikhala esifubeni; umucu omfishane omhlophe udlula iso.
IMonia ihlala izindawo ezinesihlabathi esicabalele ezimbozwe izihlahla eziwugqinsi ezingama-3-6 m ukuphakama. Izinyoni ezinesithembu saseMonia: abesilisa abashadikazi nabesilisa abesilisa abaningana (polyandry).
Ukuzala kabusha kwi-monia kwenzeka kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esivulekile esinamaqembu ezihlahla ezinkulu noma izihlahla ezisatshalaliswa kwezinye izindawo endaweni ephakeme ye-1-2 m (isb., Ingafinyeleleka ngaphandle kosizo ezindizayo). Isidleke siyisicaba futhi mncane. E-clutch kuvame ukuba neqanda elilodwa kuphela elinombala onsundu elinamabala amhlophe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube namaqanda ama-2 noma ama-3. Iduna liyazifihla lize lihudule inkukhu.
Iphuphu limbozwe ngombala omnyama. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-postembryonic kwenzeka ngohlobo lwenkukhu.
Izimali zikhethekile emhlabeni futhi, ngokusobala, azikwazi ukundiza. Ngokwesabisa, imali ihlala ibaleka. Bethukile, bagijimisa indawo ngezindawo bamemeze bethukile: "nak-nak-nak.", Kwesinye isikhathi "kvak."
Incazelo
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile benyoni, obude bungama-30-32 cm. Umzimba awujwayelekile ngandlela thize kwizinyoni - ukwakheka kwesilinda, ngombala omuhle kakhulu ongaphansi komsila nomsila omude, obanzi. Ama-wings amafushane, ayindilinga, imilenze ikhule kahle. Uqhwaku lugobile. I-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kowesifazane nowesifazane) uboniswa kuphela ezinhlotsheni ze-monium (Monias benschi).
Ukubhebhetheka
Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zabelusi baseMadagascar zigcwele esiqhingini saseMadagascar oLwandle i-Indian. Inani elikhulu kunawo wonke umalusi waseMadagascar onombala owodwa (Mesitornis unicolor), ukuhlala endaweni enomswakama ephansi enempumalanga yesiqhingi. Izinhlobo zomalusi waseMelika waseMalawiMesitornis Varigate) itholakala eziqhingini zehlathi elomile elisezintshonalanga nasenyakatho yesiqhingi, kanye ne-monia (Monias benschi) emathangeni ezihlahlana ezibabazekayo emgqonyeni omncane ophakathi kogu oluseningizimu mpumalanga namagquma angama-80 km ukusuka ogwini.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenkomo ebomvu emhlophe yaseMadagascar.
Umalusi waseMadagascar obelebele elimhlophe uyinyoni emhlabathini engama-31 cm.I-plumage yohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba ibomvu ngokubomvu, inebala elimhlophe engxenyeni engenhla, ezansi elimhlophe linamakhisimu amnyama. Isisu sigcotshwe ngemichilo emincane, enamachopho, emnyama. Ikhilimu ehlukahlukene ebanzi noma umugqa omhlophe ugibela iso.
I-Madagascar Cowgirl enesifuba esimhlophe
Izimpiko zimfishane, zinamaphiko ayindilinga, futhi yize inyoni ikwazi ukundiza, igcina cishe sonke isikhathi ebusweni bomhlaba. Umalusi waseMadagascar onamathambo amhlophe lapho ehamba endaweni eyihlathi une-silhouette ebonakalisayo, enoqhwaku olumnyama omfushane, umlomo oqondile. Kubuye kube nokufikelwa okuphansi, umsila oqinile nekhanda elincane.
Indandatho encane eluhlaza izungeza iso. Ubuso obumhlophe obunama-cheekbones amnyama ahlangana ngaphandle komthungo nentambo yesifuba. Imilenze imfushane. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, umelusi webele laseMadagascar ubambe ikhanda, emuva nomsila obanzi ngokuqondile.
Ukuziphatha kwenkomazi ebomvu emhlophe yaseMadagascar.
Abelusi abancela amabele eMadagascar yizinyoni ezifihlayo ezihlala emhlabeni ngamaqembu amancane abantu ababili kuya kwabane. Ekuseni noma phakathi nosuku, kuzwakala ingoma emnandi yomalusi waseMadagascar onamabele amhlophe. Umhlambi uqukethe izinyoni ezindala nabelusi abasebasha. Bahamba ehlathini, bethwele umzimba ubheke phezulu, banikine amakhanda bebuyela emuva. Zihamba kancane ngaphansi komqhele wehlathi lezintombi, zixubha amaqabunga zifuna ama-invertebrates. Izinyoni zihlala zigaya ehlathini lokuhlanza, zikhipha amaqabunga awele bese zihlola inhlabathi ifuna ukudla. Abelusi baseMadagascar abanezinwele ezimhlophe baphumula eqenjini ekhaphethini elinamaqabunga afile emthunzini, futhi ebusuku, bahlala ndawonye emagatsheni angaphansi. Lezi zinyoni zindiza kakhulu, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ingozi zindizela amamitha ambalwa kuphela endaweni ehamba nge-zigzag, zivame ukubanda emzameni wokudida umuntu ozisukelayo.
Ukuziphatha kweMadagascar Cowgirl enamabele amhlophe
Umondli omhlophe okhipha ibele eMadagascar.
Ama-cowgirls amhlophe anebele elimhlophe eMadagascar adla ikakhulu ama-invertebrates (abantu abadala nezibungu), kodwa futhi adla nokudla kwezitshalo (izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga). Ukudla kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini, kepha kufaka amakhethini, amabhungane, amaphuphu, izicabucabu, ama-centipedes, izimpukane, amabhu amnyama ebusuku.
UMadagascar wenza inkomo
Imikhuba yensikazi yaseMadagascar enesifuba esimhlophe.
Abelusi abancela amabele eMadagascar bahlala emahlathini acwilile. Ukusakazwa kusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-150, ezinye izinyoni ziqoshwa ehlathini lemvula endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-350. Izakhamizi zasemhlabeni ezingenakuphikiswa zithanda amahlathi aqothulayo eduze komfula (eningizimu yebanga) namahlathi angenasisekelo obanzi esihlabathini (enyakatho).
Izindawo zokuhlala zeMadagascar Cowgirl ezimhlophe
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe isalukazi esinezitho ezimhlophe saseMadagascar.
Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinesifuba esimhlophe zaseMadagascar ziyizinyoni ezinyanyayo ezakha ngababili isikhathi eside. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngesikhathi semvula ngoNovemba-Ephreli.
Izinsikazi zifukamela amaqanda ngokuvamile kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari, endaweni yamaqanda ayi-1-2. Isidleke siyipulatifomu elula yezindonga ezisontekile etholakala eduze komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimila eziseduze namanzi. Amaqanda amhlophe enezindawo ezigqwala. Kuvela amahlaya, ambozwe obomvu onsundu phansi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Madagascar Cowgirl emhlophe
Inani lomalusi waseMadagascar elinezifuba ezimhlophe.
Umelusi webele laseMadagascar elinezinwele ezimhlophe luyizilwane ezingandile, yonke indawo lapho abantu behlala khona baphansi kakhulu. Izinsongo ezinkulu zihlobene nemililo yehlathi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi. Inani labelusi abasebenza ibele eMadagascar lincipha ngokushesha, ngokuya ngokulahleka nokuwohloka kwendawo yokuhlala ebangeni. Umelusi waseMadagascar onamabele amhlophe uyisilwane esisengozini ngokuya nge-IUCN ngezigaba.
Usongo lwezinombolo zelusa laseMadagascar elinezifuba ezimhlophe.
Abelusi baseMadagascar abanezinwele ezimhlophe abahlala e-Ankarafantsika basongelwa imililo, futhi esifundeni saseMabeabe, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nokwanda kwezindawo zokutshala izihlahla. Leli hlathi lisengozini ngenxa yezokulima nokushisa (emasimini), kanye nokugawulwa kwemithi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamalahle. Ukugawulwa okusemthethweni nokungekho emthethweni kusongela indlala yezinyoni. Ukuzingela izinja nezinja eMenaba (ikakhulukazi ngoFebhuwari) kuyaqondana nesikhathi lapho amachwane amelusi ashiya isidleke futhi abe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izilwane ezidliwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okungaqondile kutholakala ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kulolu hlobo lwenyoni.
Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwenkomazi yaseMadagascar enesifuba esimhlophe
Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwenkomazi yaseMadagascar enesifuba esimhlophe.
Abelusi abancela amabele eMadagascar bahlala kuzo zonke izindawo eziyisithupha, okuyizindawo ezibalulekile ezisebenza lapho izinhlelo zokugcina zisebenza khona. Ukuvikelwa kwenziwa ikakhulu kwezine zazo: isakhiwo sehlathi laseMenabe, ipaki le-Ankarafantsik, indawo e-Ankaran ne-Analamera. Kepha ngisho nasezindaweni lapho izinyoni zizizwa ziphephe khona, usongo ebukhoneni bezinhlobo busekhona.
Izenzo zokulondolozwa komelusi omhlophe webele waseMadagascar.
Ukuze ulondoloze umelusi omhlophe webele waseMadagascar, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ucwaningo ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso sabantu abasha. Qhubeka nokubheka izitayela zabantu. Gada ukulahleka kwendawo nokonakaliswa kwezindawo ezindaweni ezaziwayo lapho kutholakala khona izinyoni ezingandile. Vikela amahlathi omile emililweni nasekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Cindezela ukugawulwa kwemithi okungekho emthethweni nokuzingela izinja endaweni yaseMenabe. Ukwakha uhlaka lokulawulwa kwamahlathi nokulawula ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwezolimo okushisayo nokushisayo. Khawulela ukufinyelela kwezangaphakathi kwehlathi. Bheka ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eMadagascar njengokuhamba phambili emvelweni.
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Indlela yokuphila
Abelusi baseMadagascar bahola umhlaba, indlela yokuphila yasemini. Imikhuba yabo, ikakhulukazi, i-daiting gait, ifana namajuba. Lapho ingozi isondela, bazama ukuphunyuka ngokushesha noma ukwenza izindiza ezincane. Zindiza kakhulu futhi zinqikaza, ngokusobala, amandla abo endiza anciphile. Bahlala ngamaqembu asuka kwabathathu (abelungu abaseMadagascar abelungu nabamhlophe) baye kwabayi-10 (eMonia). I-repertoire yezwi ihlukahlukene, abelusi baseMadagascar bavame ukuba namazwi amabili owesilisa nowesifazane.
Izinyoni zidla izinambuzane, imbewu nezithelo ezincane zezitshalo. Zingabonakala kaningi zidilika zibe ngamaqabunga awileyo lapho zifuna ukudla.
Imvelo
Izintokazi ezimhlophe ezinamabele amhlophe eMadagascar ziyizinhlobo zamahlathi, zihlala ngamaqembu abantu ababili kuya kwabane, okungabonakala kuphumula noma kokudla emhlabathini phakathi nosuku. Amapulangwe ansundu ahlinzeka ngokufihlakala ngenkathi izinyoni zidla udoti wehlathi, zinqwabelanisa ishidi lokulahlwa udoti ukuze zithole ama-invertebrates. Ukudla kufaka amabhungane, imijondolo, amaqhude, amakhethini, izimpukane, izicabucabu kanye nembewu. I-Oviposition yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari kusuka emaqanda amhlophe amathathu kuya kwamathathu anendawo enombala wokugqwala. Izindondo ziyisakhiwo esilula sezinduku ezihlanganisiwe, ezimvelweni, futhi eduze komhlabathi.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo ethandiwe ihlathi elingacwasiwe futhi inyoni inokusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe kumasayithi amahlanu asenyakatho nasentshonalanga yeMadagascar, kanye nasempumalanga, i-Ambatovaky Nature Reserve. Izindawo ezisenyakatho nezasentshonalanga yi-Analamerana Nature Reserve, Ankarafantsika National Park, Ankarana Special Reserve, Daraina Forest kanye neMenab ihlathi.
Isimo
Isibalo salezi zinhlobo siyancipha futhi kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokwenza njalo. Usengozini yokuphazanyiswa, futhi indlu yakhe esehlathini isongelwa ngokungena kwemililo nangomlilo wehlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuzingela. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature ihlukanise isimo sale nyoni ngokuthi “abasengozini.”