Igama lesi Latin: | ISturnus roseus |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passeriformes |
Umndeni: | Inkanyezi |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ukubukeka, umthethosisekelo nokuziphatha kufana nokufaka inkanyezi okwejwayelekile, kepha kuncane futhi kuncane. Omdala wehluke ngokungananazi kwezinye izinyoni ezinobukhulu obufanayo ngenxa yombala ohlukile kanye nokuba khona kwe-crest. Ubude bomzimba 19-25 cm, isisindo 60-90 g, amaphiko angama-37-42 cm.
Incazelo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, imibala yenyoni endala ihluka kakhulu - umzimba opinki noma omhlophe, omnyama nge-sheen eblue noma onsomi, ikhanda, isifuba, amaphiko, amapulangwe okhalweni nemilenze, umsila nangaphansi komsila. Ukuqubuka okude, okuwayo kuwuphawu. Imilenze ibomvana, iris iba nsundu. Uqhwaku luphuzi noma lupinki olunesisekelo esimnyama esiluhlaza, mfushane futhi lubukhali kunenkanyezi ejwayelekile. I-dimorphism yezocansi ngombala nosayizi cishe ayivezwanga, insikazi imtshele ngandlela thile kunowesilisa, inesithambeka esibuthakathaka kanye nezihlakala ezimfushane. Abantu abanonyaka owodwa ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo wokudlela babukeka bemangele kakhudlwana kunezinyoni ezindala. Ngemuva inesihlabathi esingcolile, ingaphezulu lekhanda, umphimbo, amaphiko kanye nomsila kukhona onsundu-mnyama, intamo ibe nsundu. Imibala epinki yombala inciphiselwa kakhulu kunasezinyoni ezindala.
Le nyoni encane inomzimba osobala onsundu ngaphandle kwesiqu esimfushane esifubeni nasesiswini, amaphiko amnyama nomsila onemiphetho e-buffy. Ihlukile kunenkanyezi evamile ebhula ngokukhanya kwayo, hhayi ngomlomo okhomba kanjalo, ukungabi bikho kwefrenum emnyama, nombala womzimba olula, kuqhathaniswa namaphiko amnyama nomsila. Endizeni, inkanyezi encane ebomvana ibukeka ihluke kakhulu kunenkanyezi encane ejwayelekile, enombala okhanyayo.
Izwi. Ingoma iyancipha kakhulu kunenkanyezi ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusakazwa okusheshayo kwe-twitter, creaks, squeals kanye nemisindo yokubhonga. Izingcingo nama-alamu - njenge-starring ejwayelekile.
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Sisatshalaliswe endaweni eyomile ye-Eurasia kusuka esifundeni esisentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama kanye neTurkey kuye eTuva, eMongolia nasePakistan. Ubusika eNdiya naseSri Lanka. E-Russia yase-Europe, akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kuvame izidleke ku-Lower Volga, Ciscaucasia, nase Caspian. Uhlobo lwe-nomadic olunokushintshashintsha okunamandla okuhambisana nokuguquguquka kobuningi bokuphakelwa okuyinhloko - isikhonyane, kuvame kakhulu emaphethelweni naseziphepheni ezingatheni, kuyaqabukela ehlathini-steppe. Ehlobo, izinyoni ezidukelayo zitholakala kude enyakatho kohlu oluphambili, kuze kufike enyakatho ye-taiga. Ukusuka izimpukane zobusika ngoMeyi, izimpukane ngo-Agasti.
Indlela yokuphila. Amhlambi wezinkanyezi ezipinki athanda amadlelo nezinye izindawo ezivulekile ezomile eduze nezidumbu zamanzi lapho zihlala zindizela khona lapho zinisela khona. Idla ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, ayiqoqayo emhlabathini, ihamba kuwo ngezinyathelo noma amachashazi amafushane, ngezikhathi ezithile abamba izinambuzane endiza. Izinto zokudla eziphambili ziyizinhlobo ezisindayo ze-orthoptera (isikhonyane, i-filly). Imihlambi yokudla imvamisa ihamba nemihlambi yezilwane. Kusukela maphakathi nehlobo, izinyoni zivame ukudla ngembewu namajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi zidala umonakalo omkhulu ezivinini nasezivandeni.
Izinyoni zomphakathi zidla emizini eminyene, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela emakhulu ngamabili, ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, ezigcawini, emafulethini nasemanxiweni ezakhiwo. Okungaphansi kuvame ukuhlala emigodini yezihlahla ezindala. Imvamisa, amakoloni akha ezindaweni zokuqubuka kwesikhonyane. Isakhiwo sesidleke asikhululekile, asinakubumba. E-clutch amaqanda ama-4-6 aneblue, cishe igobolondo elimhlophe. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-11-15, bobabili ababambisene bayashintshana. Ukuzalela esidlekeni kuhlala amasonto amathathu. Ama-broods endiza ngokushesha ahlangana emhlambini omkhulu futhi athutheleka kabanzi lapho efuna ukugxilwa kwezinambuzane ngaphambi kokuwa.
15.03.2018
Inkanyezi epinki (lat. Sturnus roseus) ngaphandle ifana neqhude. Ukusuka esihlotsheni sayo esiseduze kakhulu, i-starring ejwayelekile, ihlukile ngombala wepinki wependiwe womzimba ophansi kanye nokuba khona kwesigaxa sezimpaphe eziphakeme ekhanda. Lezi zinhlobo zombili zingamalungu omndeni wakwaSkvortsovye (Sturnidae) ovela kuma-Passeriformes e-oda.
Iningi losomatekisi limchaza njengokuwukuphela kommeleli wozalo lukaMfundisi. Ukuqagela kokuqala okunjalo kwenziwa ngudokotela wezilwane waseDashi uKonrad Jacob Temmink ngonyaka we-1815.
Incazelo ye-pink starring
I-plumage emboza ikhanda nentamo ipendiwe ngombala omnyama ngothayela onsomi onsomi. Izimpaphe ezimnyama ezisezimpikweni nasemsileni zikhazimula ngama-hues aluhlaza okotshani. Izimpaphe ezisele zidwetshiwe ngamathoni apinki apendile. Izinkanyezi ezincane ezipinki zimbozwe ngamapulangwe ansundu. Imilenze ibomvu-nsundu. Umbala wesilisa uqhakazile kunowabesifazane.
Umlomo opinki walezi zinyoni mkhulu ngokwedlula owokudla okuvamile kwenkanyezi. Ikhanda lezinyoni zoqobo lihlotshiswe ngohlobo oluhle olumnyama olwakhiwe izimpaphe ezinde. Abesilisa baqhosha ngokukholwa okukhulu kunabesifazane.
Izici Zokuziphatha ze-Pink Starling
Kwenzeka kanjalo nje ukuthi inkanyezi ebomvana iyinyoni yomphakathi ephambuka iye emhlambini omkhulu. Ukubona isidalwa esinenhlalo enkulu kakhulu kukodwa cishe akunangqondo. Izinyoni ezihlukile zibanjwa yimiphakathi emikhulu. Izinyoni zihlangana emaphaketheni ngamashumi amaningi, futhi kaningi ngamakhulu. Imihlambi ihlanganiswa ibe amakoloni amakhulu, kufaka phakathi amashumi ezinkulungwane ngababili, ngaphandle kwesizukulwane esincanyana.
Kufakwe izimpukane ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvamisa amaphiko ayo, endiza ngokushesha emhlabathini. Endizeni, abantu banamathela komunye nomunye. Umhlambi okhuphukele esibhakabhakeni ubukeka njengesigaxa esimnyama esiqinile. Sezifikile, izinyoni zisakazeka masinyane, ziyaqhubeka nokugijima futhi zenza izindiza ziqonde ngaphesheya. Ngenxa yalokho, wonke umhlambi uhambela endaweni eyodwa.
Indawo yokusabalalisa
Ngalo lonke ubusika, izinyoni ziyandiza ziyothenga ukudla ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezisakazekela e-Iraq, e-Iran, eNdiya nase-Afghanistan. Entwasahlobo, bathuthela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu nasemazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi. Hlala eCaucasus naseningizimu yeSiberia.
Izici Zokuhlwaya
Ezinyoni ezidlekayo, i-pink starring ikhetha izikhala ezingafinyeleleki eduze kwamanzi. Silingwa yizitebhisi, amathafa awugwadule nolwehlane, egcwele ifishi, eligcwele amawa namatshe ngamatshe, imigodi yemifula enamaphephelo amancane, imifantu nezakhiwo ezinama-niches. Kulezi zindawo ezihlala zodwa, ezingenakufinyeleleka zabahlaseli, izinyoni zakha izidleke.
USpak uyisihlobo senkanyezi epinki, udla ngokwehlukile. Kubalulekile kuye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuthola izithandani, akhe isidleke, abeke amaqanda futhi akhulise inzalo. Izihlobo ezinombala opinki aziphuthumi esidlekeni. Amakoloni abo ahlala lapho kugcwaliswa inqwaba yokudla endaweni yezidleke. Izibungu zesikhonyane notshani zikhula maphakathi nehlobo.
Izinkanyezi Ezinenkanyezi
Izidleke zepinki zidla imfantu emadwaleni nasezingxenyeni zamawa, phakathi kwamatshe, ezinqwabeni ezakhiwe ngama-swallows, emifantwini emaweni. Emaqeleni, izidleke zihlala ezihlalweni zomhlaba.
Kwakhiwa isidleke senyoni kusuka engxenyeni emincane yeziqu zezitshalo ezomile. Isendlalelo esingamakhaza simbozwe ngamahlamvu omhlonyane, izimpaphe, esiwa yizinyoni ze-steppe. Ngefomu eliphelile, izidleke ziyafana namapuleti amancane amakhulu. Izidleke eziphezulu zimbozwe ngotshani noma ngamatshe ayivelakancane.
Ensimini yezinyoni ezingama-25 m 2 ezipinki zikwazi ukubeka izidleke ezingama-20. Izindindana zigcwele ndawonye, kwesinye isikhathi zithinta izindonga. Ukusuka ohlangothini, ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala sengathi lokhu kumane nje kuyinqwaba kadoti kadoti. Ngokwakhiwa okungakhathalekile okunjalo, umenzi waba inyamazane yesikhonyane esinamandla.
Amaqanda ama-Pale grey izidleke avela ngoMeyi. Ku-clutch ephelele kukhona amaqanda angama-4-7. Amakati, avele ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-5 emoyeni wokuhlokoma nokudideka okuphelele, abe yimpahla ejwayelekile yabo bonke abantu abadala. Imibhangqwana elahlekelwe yinzalo ngenxa yesiphambeko sezinkumbi ikusinda ekulahlekelweni kokondla amachwane abanye abantu.
Am amaphuphu avuthiwe awadabuki kude nabalingani abadala. Bakuthatha ngokuzithandela ukudla kwabo kwanoma iyiphi inyoni esondela. Izinyoni ezindala endaweni yezidalwa ezihlala njalo nokudideka zisabalalisa ngokungakhethi ukudla, zanelisa indlala yezilwane zazo ezingomakhelwane nezingomakhelwane.
Izici Zokuzingela
Izinyoni zizingela ngendlela yasekuqaleni. Ifu elikhulu lenyoni, njengoba selifikile ezindaweni zokuzingela, lihlelwe ngemigqa eminyene. Izinyoni zihamba ziqonde endaweni eyodwa, zibekezelele amabanga amamasentimitha ayi-10. Lapho begijima, babamba izintethe nezinkumbi ukusuka endaweni yotshani.
Inyoni ngayinye igxila emsebenzini wayo ukuze ingakwazi ukuphazamisa ukuzingela komakhelwane. Ngenkathi yokuzingela okuhleliwe, akuyikho ukubulawa kwenkanyezi okukodwa okuhlala kungasasebenzi. Zonke azondli nje ku-satiety, kodwa futhi zondla inzalo yazo kwisigaxa.
Amahlumela ekoloni akhula ndawonye. Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye yokukhula okusha kuphuma ezindlekeni ezivalekile. Lapho amachwane esanda ukuba namandla futhi ashiye izidleke, ikoloni lisuswa endaweni yalo lapho lihlala khona, lisakazeke libe yimihlambi ehlukene bese liqala ukuhola impilo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
I-Pink Starling bird waziwa kahle eCentral Asia, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. E-Russia, izinyoni zitholakala enyakatho yeSiberia, eCaucasus naseCrimea. Ubusika benziwa eningizimu yeYurophu, eNyakatho Melika noma eNdiya.
Izinyoni zibuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuseneqhwa elicibilikile kwezinye izindawo, kepha isikhathi sokuzalelisa siqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho amaphuphu esevele ekhula kwezinye izinyoni zasentwasahlobo.
Izinkanyezi ezipinki zisebenzisa isikhathi sazo esidlekeni, ezingxenyeni ezinama-steppe, amathafa asogwadule lwase-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, e-Iran. Indawo kungenzeka ishintshe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesizini nokutholakala kokudla okwanele. Lapho lapho kuhlala khona inkanyezi epinkiKuhlala kunamawa, amadwala, amabhange asemachibi amachibi.
Amakoloni afakiwe anezikhala ezinamandla. Bahlomisa izidleke ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi, emifantwini yamatshe, emifantwini yodonga, bangahlala emgodini we-Woodpecker noma bahlaliswe endlini ethile yezinyoni. Isidingo sokwenza isidleke ubukhona bamanzi aseduze. Izinyoni zikulungele ukundizela ukudla endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-10.
Amakoloni wezinyoni ahleliwe adinga inani elikhulu lokudla, okudingwa ngababili abangabadala nabazukulu abasha. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke kuba maphakathi nehlobo, lapho ukudla kutholakala khona, ngoba izibungu zezinambuzane zikhula zibe abantu abadala.
Indiza yezinkanyezi ishesha kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, izinyoni zihlala ziseduze, ngakho-ke kusukela kude zibonakala njengefu elimnyama. Emhlabathini, nazo zihamba ngokushesha, kepha ungashiyi iphakethe.
Amathalente obuciko be-Starling ayaziwa kahle. Amandla okulingisa izwi lezinye izinyoni, izilwane, amakhwela, izimpondo zemoto kushaya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Uma emhlambini wezinyamazane kuheleza isele, kuzwakala ukuncipha kwekhithi noma ukuqhekeka kwenkukhu, kusho ukuthi izinyoni zivakashele indawo yokuhlala yomuntu lowo noma zihlala endaweni yokugcina izakhamuzi zasendaweni.
Kunezimo lapho izinyoni ezifudukayo zifika zivela ebusika futhi “zikhuluma” ngezwi lezinyoni ezishisayo. Izazi zesifo sezinsimbi zomzimba zibona ukuthi izwi elinezinkanyezi ezipinki lifana nothwala, umhlanga, umdumbula, futhi akukho culo ekuculeni kwakhe.
Lalela izwi lenkanyezi epinki
Lapho bahlala kuphi ama-pink starlings, kumele kube nokuqongelela kwezinambuzane, ngaphandle kwalokho umhlambi omkhulu wezinyoni awondli. Amakoloni amakhulu adinga ukutholakala kokudla okuhle, kepha ngisho nasengozini ayasebenza ngokubambisana: amemeza kakhulu futhi eyindilinga eyindilinga.
Empilweni yabantu imihlambi yezinkanyezi isiza ukuqeda izinambuzane zezolimo. Ukufika kwentwasahlobo okujabulisa abantu, kumise ukuqala kokushisa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwendalo. Kodwa ukungenelela kwezinyoni ekuvuneni okusanhlamvu, izithelo zezithelo namajikijolo kuholela ekubhujisweni kwezingadi namasimu.
I-Pink Starlings Chain
Izinkanyezi ezipinki zingabizwa ngokuthi isihambi esikhulu, umakadebona onolwazi futhi umhlambi wama-tramp. Onke la magama afika eqophelweni uma kukhulunywa ngezinyoni ezivela emndenini onenkanyezi. Izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthi zizulazule, ngoba uchungechunge lokudla lwe-pink starlings lususelwa kunambuzane ebalulekile - isikhonyane.
Izinkanyezi, ukuxosha isikhonyane, ukuzulazula ngokuzithandela. Ukudla isikhonyane kuyazuzisa. Isinambuzane esiyingozi asivumelaniswa nokuphila kuphela. Izinkumbi zihamba ngamalungu amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zezinkanyezi aziyona nje izidalwa eziqoqayo, njengezinye izinyoni. Ziyizidalwa ezihlangene ezihlala unyaka wonke ngamaphakethe aqinile.
Umuntu omdala ngosuku udinga i-200 g yokudla okugcwele. I-colony yemibhangqwana eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi esindwa yizinzalo ibulala cishe amathani ayi-108 esikhonyane ngenyanga. Ukondla, amakoloni amakhulu ahlala ekudlekeni kulezo zindawo ezigcwele isikhonyane nezinye i-orthoptera.
Lapho isibambe isikhonyane, inyoni inquma imilenze namaphiko, ishaya isinambuzane phansi futhi iluhambisa ngomlomo ungazelele. Njengoba esephule isisulu saba yizicucu, uqala ukusigwinya. Ngobuningi besikhonyane, izinyoni azidli kangako izinambuzane njengoba zimane zilimaza futhi zibulale.
Ukudla okulinganiselwe kwama-pink starlings kubaphoqa ukuba baxoshe izinambuzane, zibaphuca ithuba lokuba nezindawo ezihlanzekile lapho babezobuya khona lapho befihliwe. I-biology yezinyoni iboshelwe ekudleni kwesikhonyane nezinye i-orthoptera. Izinyoni ezinezinwele zivela kuphela lapho kunesikhonyane. Uma kunoma iyiphi indawo ayanele, inkanyezi ebomvu, lapho ifuna ukudla, ikwazi ukwenza izindiza ezinkulu.
Kodwa-ke, isikhonyane nama-orthopterans akuyona ukuphela kokudla kwama-pink starlings. Bakujabulela ukwelapha ngamajikijolo, imbewu yokhula nelayisi. Izinyoni zingadala ukulimala okukhulu ezihlahleni zama-cherry nezama-cherry, ezivinini nasemasimini erayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkanyezi zidla izimbungulu, lepidoptera, izicabucabu kanye nezintuthwane.
Kuyingozi noma kuyasiza.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, abahamba ngezinkanyezi baphenduka inhlekelele yangempela kubalimi. Ngakho-ke, kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo wokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukunciphisa isibalo senkanyezi epinki, ebonakala ngobudlova obukhulu. Ngabe inzuzo elethwe ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi sokukhula kwenqwaba yazo iyawubekezelela umonakalo odalwe izilimo ezivandeni?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kufanele kwenziwe izibalo ezilula. Ekudingisweni, inyoni iyakwazi ukudla ukudla okufika kwezinambuzane eziyingozi ezingama-300. I-colony yemibhangqwana eyinkulungwane nesigamu ngosuku ingashabalalisa izidalwa ezinobungozi ezingaba yisigidi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pink starlings ahlala emakoloni amakhulu kuphela lapho izinambuzane zizala khona ngokufana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zazi kusengaphambili ngengozi abantu abakwazi ukuyibona kuphela lapho kubonakala. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isikhonyane siqothula konke ngaphandle kokuzisola, izinkanyezi ziba insindiso yangempela yesivuno. Ukulimala kwezinyoni ngemuva kwenhlekelele eyethulwa yisikhonyane kumane kuphele.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
I-bird pink inkanyezi (lat. ISturnus roseus) ingeyamalungu omndeni nohlobo lwenkanyezi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili ezihlukile. Ubukhulu benyoni bungama-19-24 cm, amaphiko enezela elinye i-12-14 cm, isisindo kufika ku-90 g.
Emadodeni, i-plumage icace bha: umbala we-pastel pink utholakala ngaphansi kwesifuba, esiswini, ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Futhi ikhanda, izingxenye ezingaphezulu zesifuba, amaphiko kanye nomsila zimnyama ngombala onsomi onsomi, imilenze ibomvu ngombala. Ikhanda elithambile lezimpaphe ezimnyama ezikhuphukayo lihlobisa ikhanda.
Amapheya ezinsikazi ahlukaniswa ngemibala ekhanyayo ye-pink, i-tuft encane, kanti ematshaneni izimpaphe zisihlabathi noma nsundu. Umbala woqhwaku osindayo uguquka usuka kumnyama ehlobo uye pinki elimnyama - ekwindla nasebusika.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010, le nyoni ibhalwe ku-Red Book eRussia nase-Ukraine ukuyivikela ekuqothulweni.
Habitat
Lezi zinyoni zidlangile emazweni aseCentral Asia naseSoutheast Europe. Emkhakheni weRussia kanye namazwe wangaphambilini we-USSR, uhla lwezinkanyezi ezi-pink luyingxenye esenyakatho yeSiberia, iCaucasus neTranscaucasia, iKazakhstan kanye nezindawo ezisentshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Kodwa-ke, bandiza ebusika unyaka nonyaka e-Asia: India noma eCeylon. Ezinye izinhlobo zifudukela eningizimu yeYurophu, ezinye zindizela eNyakatho Melika.
Lezi izinyoni zomphakathi ezidla futhi zihlala emakoloni amakhulu, okuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo zingafinyelela abantu abangamakhulu amaningana.
Ukusuka ebusika, babuyela emaphaketheni amakhulu, bahlala ezinqwaba ebusuku, banamathela komakhelwane. Zindiza ezindaweni ezinendawo yokwakha izidleke ngo-Ephreli, zakha imihlambi yamabili ezinkulungwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ziphambuka imihlambi nezinye izinyoni ezincane (onondlunkulu, amajuba, njll).
Izinkanyezi zindiza ngesivinini esikhulu emihlambini emikhulu, njengoba zisondelene, ngakho-ke zakha “amafu ampunga” esibhakabhakeni, esibukeka sihlaba umxhwele (njengoba kubonakala esithombeni senkanyezi epinki endiza phezu kwezihlahla).
Zonke izinsuku baya kondla esigxotsheni, kwesinye isikhathi bahlukane ngamaqembu amaningana. Lapho bebona inyamazane, ngokushesha yehlela emhlabeni ngomhlambi wonke futhi ihlasele amagagasi ahamba isikhonyane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zokugcina, ezindiza ngaphezu komhlambi, zindizela phambili, ngakho-ke “ifu” njengoba ligingqa ngamagagasi.
Ebungozini, izinyoni ziyahlangana emiphakathini emikhulu futhi zixoshe izitha ngokukhala okukhulu okufana nempi. Ziyaziwa ngomoya wazo wokulwa lapho zixosha ezinye izinyoni ezindlini ezihlala abantu.
I-Nesting nokuzalela
Isikhathi sokuzalela ama-pink starlings senzeka emaqeleni noma emathafeni awugwadule, lapho angakuthola kalula khona ukudla: izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ukufakwa kweqanda nokudla isidleke kwenzeka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, njengoba Kungalezi zinyanga lapho isibalo esiphezulu sezikhonyane azithandayo siphezulu.
Ngokwemvelo, bahlela izidleke phakathi kwamagquma, emadwaleni, emifuleni phakathi kwamatshe, kwizimbobo ezembiwa edwaleni ehlathini, kaningi emigodini yezihlahla. Imvamisa zihlala ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu noma ezindlini zezinyoni ezenzelwe abantu.
Izidleke, lapho kuhlala khona ama-pink starlings, ziklanywe ngemithi ngosizo lweziqu zezitshalo, amahlamvu omile nezimpaphe zezinyoni. Insikazi ibeka ama-testicles angama-4-7 wombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, bobabili abazali bababopha. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4-5, amachwane, anikezwe ngomusa izinkumbi nezinye izinambuzane, aqala ukuzama ukundiza. Sebefundile ukundiza, abantu abasha bahlangana ngamaqembu ahamba kancane kancane ukusuka ezindaweni ezidlekayo.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwama-pink starlings
Inkanyezi epinki inenzuzo kubantu ngokubhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ngokudla kwayo kanye nokondla amaphuphu. Emini, inyoni eyodwa encane ikwazi ukubamba futhi idle izinambuzane ezinkulu nezinkulu ezingaba ngu-200, umzali ngamunye ubamba inani elilinganayo esizukulwaneni salo esincanyana.
Imvamisa, izinyoni zidla izintuthwane, amacimbi, amabhungane, amakhokho, izimvemvane ngisho neminenke. Ukunambitheka okuthandwa kakhulu yisikhonyane, lapho inyoni inquma khona imilenze namaphiko, bese ishaya umhlabathi ukuze ithambe futhi igwinye. Ngenxa yalokhu uyathandwa futhi uhlonishwa yilabo bonke abalimi bendawo nabalimi, okuthi isikhonyane siphundu esidla izitshalo ezisebenzayo nezithombo.
Izinkanyezi zivame ukuthuthela emaphaketheni lapho zithola amaqoqo ezinambuzane, abhujiswa kubhungane noma izintuthwane zokugcina. Ngokusho komlando obonwe yisazi sezinto eziphilayo, yibona abasindisa izilimo eKazakhstan ngonyaka we-1944-45, lapho izitebhisi zazigcwele izinkumbi zezigidi zezinkumbi ezizwayo, okuyizindlela zokulwa namandla okubulala izinambuzane ngamakhemikhali ezingakwazanga ukubhekana nakho ngokuphelele.
Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eduze nekwindla lapho eshintsha ukutshala ukudla, lezi zinyoni zilimaza izihlahla zezithelo nezivini, ama-mulberry. Ngakho-ke, eNdiya, ama-pink starlings angalimaza futhi aqede amasimu erayisi. Abadlali be-winemers bonga ukutshala kwabo besebenzisa izindlela zasekhaya: izimbotshana zokhuni, amashidi okulinganisa insimbi, imicengezi, imvamisa yokubeka izinto ibekwa ezivinini ukuqapha imisebenzi yezinkanyezi.
Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zalezi zinyoni ekubhujisweni kwesikhonyane zikhulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kunokulimala kokudla amajikijolo nezitshalo.
Izingoma Eziyinkanyezi
Njengezinye izihlobo zakhe, ama-pink starlings alingisa kahle imisindo: amazwi ezinye izinyoni (amagwababa, izinyoka noma ondlunkulu), ukukhonkotha kwenja, ukuqhekeka kwenqane, njll. Imvamisa bazama ukulingisa ikhwela labantu, ukukhala kwezimoto neminye imisindo yoqobo. Izinyoni ezifika zivela emazweni ase-Asia zingaphinda amazwi ezinyoni ezingaphansi komhlaba, futhi labo abavakashele emaqeleni aseKazakhstan bangalingisa ukukhala kwezimvu, ukukhonkotha kwezinja ngisho nokuchofoza isiswebhu.
Ukuculwa nje kwezinkanyezi akufani nhlobo nengoma, kunalokho ukucwila noma ukugoba.
Shpak - isihlobo esiseduze senkanyezi epinki
Umndeni onenkanyezi unezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. Iningi lazo linomlomo ocijile oqondile, lihlala e-Asia, e-Afrika nase-Europe. Noma yimuphi umfundi anganikeza impendulo yombuzo oyisihlobo senkanyezi epinki: lokhu kuyinkanyezi noma i-shpak ejwayelekile, esakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseRussia, kanye naseNyakatho Melika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Ihluke kulenyoni epinki ngombala wayo ompunga omnyama onamabala amhlophe nomlomo ophuzi, indawo yokuhlala nokudla (isitshalo nesilwane). Ngokungafani nozakwabo abepinki, ama-shpaks ahlala ngamaqembu amancane ngababili abaningana. Bahlala emahlathini aqothulayo (njenge-oki) eduze kwamanzi namasimu amancane noma amadlelo. Izinduna zihlelwe emigodini yezihlahla, imvamisa zihlala emadolobheni aseduze kwabantu ezindlini zezinyoni noma amajuba.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Izinkanyezi ezipinki zivamile eSoutheast Europe naseCentral Asia. Itholakala eRomania, e-Ukraine, eningizimu yeRussia, e-Armenia, e-Azerbaijan, e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, e-Uzbekistan, eKazakhstan, eTajikistan, eTurkmenistan, enyakatho nentshonalanga neMongolia esifundazweni sase-Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous esifundeni saseDzungarian.
Ngesinye isikhathi obonwa ePoland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Montenegro, Bulgaria nase-Italiya, kuyaqabukela kakhulu eFrance naseNgilandi. Lolu hlobo luhlala emaqeleni, imihlaba evumayo, ogwadule kanye nogwadule.
Indawo ephelele ehlalwa yindawo ngokusho kwe-birdLife International cishe amamitha skwele ayisigidi. km, futhi inani labantu baseYurophu balinganiselwa ku-180-520 abantu abayizinkulungwane. Ubusika benzeka ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeNdiya naseSri Lanka.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-pink starlings adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu yizintethe, amakhethini kanye nesikhonyane. Zivame ukulandela iqembu le-Orthoptera (Orthopera), ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka yokuzalwa kwazo okuningi. Ngoba lezi zinyoni zidla ngenkuthalo isikhonyane, abalimi baseTurkey bazibheka njengezinyoni ezingcwele. Indawo yokuhlala enjalo ihlala izinsuku ezingama-40-50.
Uma ama-starlings engenazo izinambuzane, athathwa lapho kudliwa khona okusebenzayo kwama-mulberry kanye namagilebhisi. Ezinye izithelo namajikijolo azinandaba nazo. Zidinga ukufinyelela ngqo emanzini, kepha zivame ukugwema amaxhaphozi noma ugu. Izindawo zokukhosela zitholakala emithini, emapaki nasezihlahleni. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ukudla kuyakhula ngenxa yembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nompe wezimbali.
Izinkanyezi ezipinki zibutha iningi lezinyamazane phezu kwenhlabathi, kukhulu kakhulu ukuthi izintethe zibanjwa emoyeni. Izinyoni zisebenzisa izindlela zokuzingela iqembu, imigqa yokuqala ihamba ngokushesha kunezintambo ezingemuva emhlabeni, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile indiza iya phambili ihole iqembu. Izindawo zokulala zivame ukutholakala kumakhilomitha angama-5 ukuya kwezingu-10 ukusuka kumasayithi okungenisa izidleke.
Izinyoni zifuna ukudla emihlanjini emincane, futhi ekufudukeni ziqoqana ngemihlambi emikhulu, ikakhulukazi izindiza ngokusebenzisa izindawo ezihlala ezintabeni.
Izindiza zenzeka phakathi nosuku endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000. Ibanga phakathi kokuphumula kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-580. Endizeni ende enjalo, ukomisa kungafinyelela kuma-88%, ngakho-ke izinyoni ziphinda zithuthele kuphela ngemuva kokuphumula isikhathi eside.
Imisindo yezinkanyezi ezipinki imfushane futhi ayineme. Bathanda ukucula ngokuhlabelela, ekuculeni kwabo, kanye nemiculo emnandi, kukhona okuqhafazayo, ukushaya ikhwela nokulingisa kwanoma imiphi imisindo ezwakala nxazonke. Umuntu ohlabelela ngokucula usakaza amaphiko akhe, akhukhumeze izimpaphe kanye nezimpaphe esifubeni sakhe.
Ukuzala
E-Asia Ephakathi, isikhathi sezidleke siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, naseSouthern Europe kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni. Abamele lolu hlobo bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa ubudala.
Inkanyezi e-pink inesidleke sayo emigodini yezihlahla, emadwaleni amadwala, emifantwini yodonga nangaphansi kophahla lwezindlu. Amakoloni ama-Nesting kwesinye isikhathi anokuba namaqembu azalanayo ayizinkulungwane eziningana.
Isidleke sakhiwa ngamahlumela, amaqabunga nezimpande. Ngaphakathi, ifakwe umugqa ngezimpaphe, ama-moss nezinwele zezilwane. Imvamisa, amagatsha womhlonyane (i-Artemisia absinthium) ne-Ferula vulgaris (i-Ferula commis) anezelwa kuwo, oxosha izinambuzane.
Umbhangqwana oshadile ungasebenzisa isidleke esifanayo iminyaka eminingi. Owesifazane ubala amaqanda ama-3 kuya kwayi-6 aluhlaza ngokulinganisa ngo-25-33 ngo-19-23 mm. Imashi ihlotshaniswa ngokuhlukile yibo bobabili abazali izinsuku eziyishumi nanye. Zondla amantshontsho aqanjiwe kuphela ngezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Amaviki amathathu ubudala, amaphuphu aba namaphiko, kepha aqhubeke nokuxhaswa ngabazali cishe amasonto ama-2, kancane kancane aye kokuzimela.
Izinyoni ezincane zibukeka njengezinkanyezi ezejwayelekile (iSturnus vulgaris), kepha zihlukile kuzo ngomlomo omfishane ophuzi kanye nomzimba ophansi okhanyayo maqondana namaphiko amnyama.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bungu-19-22 cm, amaphiko angaba ngu-37-40 cm. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-75 g. Amapheya asesifubeni nasesiswini apinki, ekhanda, emuva kwekhanda, umphimbo, amaphiko nasemuva kumnyama. Izimpaphe zomsila ophansi zimhlophe.
Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, amalunga apende, kanti ebusika, kumnyama noma kucishe kumnyama. Ezinsikazi, amaphiko ane-tint brownish, kuthi emadodeni i-tint yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izindebe zomlomo zisuka empini futhi zigobile kancane. Ingxenye yayo engenhla imnyama kunephansi. Ama-iris nezitshudeni zamehlo zimnyama.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwenkanyezi epinki ku-vivo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-11.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkanyezi
Ngaphezu kokwenza spar, kunezinye izinhlobo ezithokozisayo zalezi zinyoni:
- Izinkanyezi zase-Amethyst, ezihlala eNyakatho Afrika, zinepumula ebomvu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engajwayelekile, idla izinambuzane namajikijolo.
- Ukudla inkanyezi kwe-Buffalo - kuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezinomlomo obukhulu obukhulu nemilenze eqinile ebambelele kuyo esikhunjeni se-buffalo, iqinisa isikhumba sayo ifuna ukudla.
- ISwallow starring - ehlala ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yeNdiya, e-Australia, indlela yabo yokuphila ifana nokugwinya.
- Inkanyezi ebomvu enamaphiko ihlotshiswe ngokufakwa obomvu emaphikweni, inobukhulu obukhulu (kufika ku-30 cm).
- Izinhlobo ezinamaphiko amnyama noma ezinamabele amhlophe - zihlala e-Indonesia, zinomzimba omhlophe, kanti amaphiko nomsila kuhlotshiswe ngemisindo emnyama, isikhumba esiseduze kwamehlo siphuzi ngombala okhanyayo, sidla izithelo nezilokazane.
Izimpawu ezihambisana nezinkanyezi
Izinkanyezi zivame kakhulu emvelweni, futhi abantu kade beza nezaga ezahlukahlukene futhi babona nezimpawu ezihambisana nokuziphatha kwabo:
- inkanyezi ifikile - kufika intwasahlobo,
- Uma izinyoni zifika ekuseni, intwasahlobo iyofudumala,
- lapho ubusika bungahambi isikhathi eside, ukwindla kuzokoma,
- ngemuva kokuhlokoma okukhulu kuzokuna ebusuku.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinkanyezi, kufaka phakathi nama-pinks ahlala eduze komuntu anesimilo sawo esiyingqayizivele.
Izinyoni ezingcwele
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu base-Asia bebelokhu behlonipha ama-pink starlings njengezinyoni ezingcwele. Ukuzinikela kwabo, kanye nezinye izinkolo ezazikhona phakathi kwezizwe zase-Asia, kwamakhela udumo "lwezingane zasemoyeni."
Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlaselwa yisikhonyane, okwakuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuqedwe ngaso sonke isikhathi isivuno esivela kubalimi kanye nama-nomads. Abantu abakwazanga ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ayengekho amakhemikhali nezinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlasela kwesikhonyane kwaqeda yonke imizi yokulamba nobuphofu. Ngokuphazima kweso amafu onke ezinyoni ezinamapulangwe amnyama abhubhisa isikhonyane cishe ngokuphelele, ngaleyondlela zisindisa abantu.
Ngakho-ke, ama-starlings ahlonishwa njengezithunywa zonkulunkulu abalungileyo abasiza abantu.