- IQINISO EBALULEKILE
- Isikhathi sokuphila nendawo yokuhlala (inkathi): ingxenye yokuqala yesikhathi seCretaceous (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-140-120 edlule)
- Kutholakele: ngo-1822, eNgilandi
- UMbuso: Izilwane
- I-Era: Mesozoic
- Uhlobo: Chordates
- Iqembu: Izinkukhu
- Isigcawu: Izindlela zokwelapha
- Ikilasi: Izicubu
- I-squadron: Ama-Dinosaurs
- Ingqalasizinda: Ornithopods
- Umndeni: Ama-Iguanodonts
- Uhlobo: Iguanodon
Waphila futhi wadla umhlambi. Impilo yabo yadlula eduze kwamachibi amancanyana, ayezungezwe izihlaxana zezihlahla. Amazinyo abo afana ne-iguanas yamanje, ngakho-ke lapho sebethole ithambo lokuqala lale nhlobo, ososayensi balihlobanisa ne-iguanas yasendulo. Kungemva kwalokho lapho kutholakala khona amathambo agcwele namazinyo amakhulu.
Le dayinaso eyondliwa kuphela ezimfanelweni, yayingahambisa yomibili imilenze nemilenze emine. Izingalo zangaphambili zabukhali.
Ngabe udleni nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokuphila
Impilo yenzeka cishe enyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Badla ikakhulukazi amaqabunga ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, amazinyo abanzi futhi aqine ngokwanele, ama-zavr ayekwazi ukuthatha inani elikhulu lamahlamvu esihlathini bese ekuhlafuna, kuyilapho amanye amakhambi egwinya amatshe wokugaya ukudla.
Izimbotshana
Kwakunama-paws ama-4, ngaphambili kwakufushane kakhulu kunasemuva. Lesi ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezingahamba ngemilenze eyi-2 yangasemuva noma ngokuphelele ku-4. Kwakuneminwe emithathu emilenzeni yangemuva. Imilenze yangaphambili yayineminwe emihlanu, indawo akuyo icishe ifane neyomuntu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-iguanodon ingahlikihla amaqabunga hhayi nje kuphela ngomlomo, kepha nangamaqhina ayo angaphambili. Kwakukhona izindwani ezibukhali kuyo yonke iminwe, kepha emunweni wesi-5 kwakukhona uzipho olukhulu olubukhali, lokhu kunganikeza isivikelo kubahlaseli.
Kungakha isivinini esisebenzayo esifinyelela ku-25 km / h. Umsila wasiza ukugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi isebenza.
Indaba yokutholwa
I-Iguanodon idayinaso yokuqala ye-herbivorous eyatholakala.
- Izidumbu zokuqala ze-Iguanodon zatholakala ngonyaka we-1822 nguGideon Mantella eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi eduze nedolobha laseSussex. Ngokwenganekwane, amazinyo okuqala atholakala ngunkosikazi kaMantella ngesikhathi behamba ehlathini, uMantel wabe esethenga amathambo amakhulu atholakala e-whitemans Green, lapho achaza khona ngeDayosaur ngo-1825.
- Ngo-1834, esifundeni saseKent, eduzane naseMaidstone (eNgilandi), kwatholakala amathambo esigcilikisha esifanayo. UMantell uthenge ibhulokhi nezinsalela ezitholakele ngamakhilogremu angama- 25 futhi ngonyaka ofanayo wachaza futhi washicilela incazelo yesampula etholakele.
- EBelgium (Bernissar) ngo-1878, wonke amathuna e-Iguanodon atholakala emayini ngokujula kwamamitha angama-322. Izithambo ezicishe zilondolozwe kahle zatholakala cishe ezingama-38, kucatshangwa ukuthi zingcwatshwe ngasikhathi sinye ngabakwa-mudflow. Manje bamelwe eRoyal Institute of Natural Science of Belgium.
- Amathambo atholakala kamuva eMongolia, South Dakota, naseTunisia.
Izinhlobo zama-Iguanodons
I-Iguanodonbernissartensis - lokhu ukubuka okujwayelekile kwe-iguanodan, kuqokonyisiwe Boulenger ngonyaka we-1881 unyaka, otholakala eduze kweBernissard nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Iguanodon galvensis - kuqokonyiswe ku2015 ngonyaka, izinsalela zatholakala eduze naseTeruel (Spain) lapho kufakwa i-Barremian tier.
Isakhiwo se-Skeleton
Izingalo zesemuva zinde futhi zinamandla ukwedlula amabunzi, futhi ibhungane lalivame ukukhuphuka emilenzeni yalo yangemuva ukuze lifinyelele amaqabunga amade noma lihlole indawo ezungezile.Iminwe emihlanu yayisemaphethelweni angaphambili. abaphakathi 3 babemkhulu futhi bebesetshenziselwa ukwesekwa. Isici se-iguanodon sasiyis spike esatholakala emunweni wokuqala. Iliva elalivikelwe ezilwaneni zasendle futhi lisize amantongomane aqhekezayo, ekuqaleni laliphathwa ngecala lophondo ekhaleni lalo. Iminwe yama-iguanodons yayinenombolo ehlukile yama-phalanges. Isithupha esine-spike singu-2, iminwe esele yayisatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-phalanges, ngokulandelana: ama-phalanges ama-3-2-2 ukuya ku-4. Iminwe emincane, iminwe emide kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo, evunyelwe ukubamba izinto ezifakiwe kuma-paws. Iminwe emithathu eyindilinga yayitholakala ezinyaweni zamanqina asemuva.
Umsila wawunwebekile kusukela ezinhlangothini, wenza umsebenzi wokugcina ibhalansi.
I-Iguanodon yayinama-cheekbones aphakeme kanye nesixhaxu esinde esifana nesomlomo esinamazinyo angenhla, esiguqula ukudla kwangaphandle kwesikhu kanye nengaphakathi lamazinyo emhlathini ophansi. Amazinyo ayefana ngesimo amazinyo e-iguanas, amazinyo aphezulu asevele aphansi. Kwakunama-29 emhlathini ongenhla kanti angama-25 angaphansi.Amazinyo abekwe ekujuleni komlomo, kanti ibhula elisemlonyeni lalinohlobo lwesihlathi lokubamba ukudla emlonyeni. Amazinyo ka-Iguanodon ashintshe isikhathi esisodwa kuphela empilweni.
Ubudlelwane nezihlobo
Ama-Iguanodons akha imihlambi emikhulu futhi azulazula efuna amadlelo amasha. Ukuvikelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwabazingeli kuhlinzekwe ngokusatshalaliswa kwezindima: ngenkathi abanye beklaba, abanye baqapha ngokucophelela izinsongo ezingaba khona nokukhula kwentsha.
Ukunyakaza
Ekuqaleni, i-Iguanodon ibekwe emilenzeni yayo yangemuva ekwakhiweni kabusha, kepha ngenxa yokuqina kwamathambo emgogodleni esifundeni se-pelvic, umsila we-dinosaur wawungaguquki ngokwanele, ngakho-ke isikhundla sasingama ndawonye sibheke phezulu. Ukuthi i-dinosaur yahamba emilenzeni emine kufakazelwa yimicu eminingana yezinyawo zezinsalela zomsila kanye nomsila wokulandela umkhondo. Amandla okukhuphuka izinyawo ezingemuva anikeze i-iguanodon ithuba lokubuka elikhudlwana kunamanye ama-lizbivorous, futhi indlela yokuphila eyisimanga yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuwela izindawo ezinkulu.
Iminyuziyamu enamathambo e-iguanodon
- Namuhla, amathambo kanye nama-iguanodons agcotshwe cishe kuyo yonke imnyuziyamu ebunjiwe, ngokwesibonelo, ekuvezweni komnyuziyamu wase-Ubersee eBremen.
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-iguanodon okokuqala kwethulwe embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba eSkystal Palace eLondon
- I-Royal Institute of Natural Science yaseBelgium
- I-Transatlantic Ethnographic Museum yaseBremen, eJalimane
Yisho emakhathuni
- Kwifilimu enezithombe "Umhlaba ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi", omunye wabalingiswa abahlanu abaphambili - i-Ducky - yi-iguanodon encane.
- Ikhathuni "Dinosaur". Umlingisi ophambili wekhathuni yi-iguanodon Alladar. Futhi lapho kuvela izibankwakazi uNira, Bruton noKron.
Isisho Sencwadi
- Amaqhawe e-The Lost World nguConan Doyle noPlutonia kaVladimir Obruchev abazingela
Ingoma ibhalwe ngisho nangalesi dinosaur
"U-Iguanodon ubephila, enesisindo samathani angamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili."
Izinkondlo ezenziwa ngu-V. Berestov Music ngo-S. Nikitin, sp. UTatyana noSergey Nikitins
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Izicucu ze-Iguanodont bezaziwa kusukela esikhathini se-Jurassic, noma kunjalo, phakathi nesikhathi seCretaceous, leli qembu lama-herbivores laphumelela kakhulu, lasakazeka emhlabeni jikelele. Njengamanje, sekuvele kunohlu olude lwe-taxa yama-iguanodonts “asethuthukile” amaCretaceous avela e-Asia. Izinhlobonhlobo nobuningi balezi zinhlobo zibonisa ukuthi ama-iguanodonts akuqala avela e-Asia, abese esakazekela nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa okubanzi, izinsalela zama-iguanodonts zalesi sikhathi azivamile kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Zigxilwe kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-Utah, okuthatha iminyaka engama-40 ezigidi zokuvela kwemvelo (ngokwesibonelo, IHippodraco scutodens futhi Iguanacolossus fortis) .
Umnotho
Amatekisi okuqala I-Iguanodontia okuhlongozwayo UDollo ngonyaka we-1888. Kuze kube manje, alikho iphuzu elamukelwa ngokujwayelekile mayelana nesikhundla seqembu. I-Iguanodontia kuvame ukukhonjiswa njenge-infraorder ngaphakathi kwesizinda I-Ornithopoda, yize kuyi-Benton (2004) kuhlu lwama-ornithopods I-Iguanodontia njengoba i-infraorder ingaveli. Ngokwesiko, ama-iguanodonts ahlelwe ngama-superfamily Iguanodontoidea kanye nomndeni I-Iguanodontidae. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwe-phylogenetic lubonisa ukuthi ama-iguanodonts wendabuko yiqembu eliyipharadesi eliholela kuma-hadrosaurs (“dinosaurs led duck”). Amaqembu afana ne Iguanodontoideazisasetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi njengendlela yokungena engenacala ezincwadini zesayensi, yize ama-iguanodonts endabuko manje esefakiwe emaqenjini ahlanganisa konke Hadrosauroidea.
Kubandakanya amaqembu amaningi:
I-Ankylopollexia - umcebo eqenjini I-Iguanodontia, okubandakanya amaqembu ama-2 ama-dinosaurs: I-Styracosterna (iqembu lezinkukhu-ama-dinosaurs ahlala isikhathi se-Jurassic and Cretaceous kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kufaka phakathi i-Antarctica) kanye I-Camptosauridae.
I-Dryomorpha - umcebo eqenjini I-Iguanodontiakufaka phakathi umndeni Dryosauridae.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ama-Iguanodons ayengama-dinosaurs amakhulu e-herbivorous ayengahamba ngezinyawo zombili nezine. Abamele uhlobo lwendalo okuyiyo ngokungangabazeki luhlobo lwama-iguanodons, I. bernissartensis, yayinesisindo esilinganiselwe samathani amathathu nobude obujwayelekile bomzimba ofinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, ubude babanye abantu bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-13. Zazinezingemikhulu ezinkulu nezincanyana, ngaphambili komhlathi zazinomlomo we-keratin, zilandelwa ngamazinyo afana namazinyo e-iguana, kepha amakhudlwana futhi ephindaphindwe kakhulu.
Izibalo ezingaphambili zazicishe zibe yingxenye yesine kunezimbambo zangemuva futhi zaphela ngezandla ezinezimpiko ezinhlanu, iminwe emithathu ephakathi kuzo yaguqulwa ukuze ixhaswe. Ezithupheni kwakukhona iziphanzi, okuthiwa zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, lezi spikes zazibhekwa njengezimpondo futhi zabekwa yi-paleontologists ekhaleni lesilwane, isikhundla sazo sokwembulwa kamuva. Iminwe emincane, ngokungafani nayo yonke eminye iminwe, yayinde futhi ivumelana nezimo. Iminwe yayiqukethe ama-phalanges ahlelwe ngokuya ngefomula engu-2-3-3-2-4, okungukuthi, kwakukhona ama-phalanges ama-2 esicithungweni, ama-3 emunweni we-index, njll. Ezinyaweni ezingemuva, ezivumelaniswe nokuhamba, kodwa hhayi ukuthi zigijima, kwakukhona iminwe emithathu kuphela. Umgogodla kanye nomsila kwakuxhaswe imisipha. Lama-tendon athuthukiswa impilo yonke yesilwane futhi angagcina ekhubazekile (amathenda ossified ngokuvamile awanakwa ngenkathi kwakhiwa kabusha amathambo nasemidwebeni).
Njengoba igama layo lisho, amazinyo e-iguanodon ayefana namazinyo e-iguana, kodwa ayenezinto ezinkulu. Ngokungafani nama-hadrosaurs abo, ama-iguanodons aguqula amazinyo abo kanye kuphela empilweni yabo yonke. Emhlathini ongenhla kwakukhona amazinyo angama-29 ohlangothini ngalunye, kwi-premaxilla kwakungekho mazinyo, umhlathi ongezansi wawunamazinyo angama-25. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwenani lamazinyo emihlathini wachazwa iqiniso lokuthi amazinyo asemhlathini ongezansi abanzi kakhulu kunangaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi imigqa yamazinyo ijule, futhi futhi ngenxa yezinye izici ze-anatomical, kuyamukeleka ngokuvamile ukuthi ama-iguanodons ayenezindlela ezifanayo nezamakhala, ezivumela ukuba zibambe ukudla emilonyeni yazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa [|Thola Umlando
Amazinyo ka-Iguanodon (Mantell, 1825)
I-Iguanodon idayinaso yokuqala ye-herbivorous eyatholakala. Kukholakala ukuthi amazinyo okuqala e-iguanodon atholakala nguMary Ann, unkosikazi kaGideon Mantella, ahambela naye isiguli eSussex, eNgilandi, ngo-1822. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1851 wamangalela ukuthi wayethole amazinyo, cishe le ndaba ingamanga, ngoba kuyaziwa emabhukwini akhe ukuthi uMantell wathola amathambo amakhulu ezinsalela zezinto ezazise-Waitemans Green emuva ngo-1820.
NgoMeyi 1822, waqala wethula amazinyo akhe eRoyal Society eLondon, kepha uWilliam Buckland wabenqaba, ebabheka njengezici zobhejane. NgoJuni 23, 1823, uCharles Lyell watshengisa la mazinyo kuGeorges Cuvier, kepha isazi semvelo esidumile saseFrance sababheka njengamazinyo obhejane. Ngemuva konyaka, uMantell waphinda futhi wathumela amazinyo kaCuvier, okwathi, uma esewafundile, wabona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi angawezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezikhula ngamakhambi. Encwadini yakhe eshicilelwe, uCuvier wavuma iphutha lakhe langaphambilini, okwaholela ekutheni uMantell amthathe ngokushesha, kanye ne-pangolin yakhe entsha emphakathini wesayensi. NgoSepthemba 1824, uGideon Mantell wavakashela eRoyal College of Surgeons, eyozama ukuthola amazinyo afanayo, lapho umsizi ongumvikeli uSamuel Stochbori emtshela khona ukuthi babukeka njengamazinyo e-iguana, kodwa ephindwe kayikhulu kunalokho. UMantell wakushicilela ngokusemthethweni lokho akutholile ngoFebhuwari 10, 1825, lapho ethula incwadi eRoyal Society of London, lapho abeka khona izinto azithola ngaphansi kwegama I-Iguanodon noma izinyo le-iguana. Ngokuya kokulinganisa kwakhe kokuqala, isidalwa singaba ngamamitha ayi-18 (amamitha angama-60) ubude, sibe sikhulu kuno amamitha ayi-12 (amamitha angama-40) Megalosaurus (I-Megalosaurus) Ngo-1832, udokotela waseJalimane i-paleontologist waseJalimane wasungula igama elisemthethweni lezinhlobo Iguanodon mantelliinikezwe ukuhlonipha uGideon Mantell.
Isampula likaMaidstone, ngo-1834.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Iguanodon (Mantell, 1834)
Iguanodon eCrystal Palace, ngo-1854
Ngo-1834, kude naseMaidstone, eKent (eNgilandi), kwafunyanwa isidumbu esisha sesilwane esifanayo. Lapho uMantell efika lapho, imfucumfucu yayivele ihlukaniswe edwaleni nge-barite futhi inqwaba yamathambo yayisendaweni ethile yohlobo. Umnikazi wale ndawo wafuna u- £ 25 ngaleli bhlokhi futhi uMantell, eseqoqe inani elidingekayo, walithola. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwashicilelwa incwadi kaMantella, nencazelo yesampula laseMaidstone. UMantell uphinde wenza ukwakhiwa kabusha kokubukeka kwale dinosaur, kepha ngenxa yokungafezeki kwezinto, wenza amaphutha amaningana, wamveza njengesilo esinemilenze emine sinezimpondo ekhaleni lakhe. Ukutholwa okwalandela eBelgium kuyakuphikisa lokhu kucabanga, kukhombisa ukuthi empeleni "uphondo" lwaluyisithupha sokwandulelwa. Ngo-1838, leli khophi (BMNH R.3791) latholakala eBritish Museum of Natural History (manje iMnyuziyamu waseLondon Museum Wezemvelo) nge- $ 4,000. Ngo-1851, uRichard Owen wabala lokhu kutholwa Iguanodon mantellikwathi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, kwaqanjwa imifanekiso emikhulu yamadayinaso okuqala - iguanodon, megalosaurus kanye ne-gileosaurus, eyenziwe ngokwemibono kaRichard Owen, yafakwa eCrystal Palace Park, eduzane naseLondon. Noma kunjalo, indaba yesampula yaseMaidstone ayizange iphelele lapho, abacwaningi banamuhla baqala ukuyibeka kuhlobo lweMantellizaurus (I-Mantellisaurus), kwathi ngonyaka ka-2012, uGregory Paul wakubiza ngohlobo olusha nezinhlobo Umbazi waseMantellodon.
Ukutholwa okwedume kakhulu ukutholakala kwamatshe onke e-iguanodon emayini yamalahle eSaint-Berby, eBernissar, eBelgium. NgoFebhuwari 28, 1878, abavukuzi ababili, uJules Cretter no-Alphonse Blanchard, ngenkathi besemgqeni wokuhlola omusha ovundlile kumamitha angama-322, bakhubeka lapho kudonswa khona ikarstus yobumba, itshe elichotshoziwe, isitshetshe namatshe amatshe amalahle, okusabalalisa iphunga elinamandla. NgoMashi 1, abaphathi banquma ukuqhubeka nokuhlola. Kule nyanga, uKretter noBlanchard bathola amathambo namazinyo okuqala, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi basebenzisana nezinkuni ezifuywayo. Lamasampula agcinwa eqoqweni leRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Science ngelebuli "izinsalela ze-iguanodon yokuqala, ngoMashi 1878". Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya ku-Ephreli 6, iqembu labavukuzi abahlanu (okubandakanya uKretter noBlanchard), obehola ukuthuthukiswa kwamadiphozi amalahle njalo, bathola amaminerali amaningi amasha, amanye awo embozwe nge-pyrite ebukekayo, ababeyiqala kabi ukuthola igolide.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, uJules Cretter walandisa udaba lwakhe embhalweni wesandla kaJune 16, 1908: “. Akukholakali ukuthi besizokuthola esikutholile ukube besingaboni ukuthi asisekho emgqonyeni wamalahle, sikhubeke odakeni, ematsheni nasekhaleni, sisakaza iphunga elinamandla lesishayabhuqe, singene esigangeni ebesikade sinezikhukhula, futhi lokhu kungenzeka kube kuyingozi kakhulu. Lapho thina nokukhetha kwethu sijule ngamamitha ayishumi, sathola okuthile okungajwayelekile kakhulu. Okuphambi kwethu kwakumnyama kakhulu ukuba kube ngamatshe futhi kulukhuni kakhulu ukuba kube ngokhuni. Izingcezu zazinjengeziqu ze-ebony. Benginelukuluku futhi kungijabulisa, ngangicabanga ukuthi lezi kwakuyiziqu zemithi, zonke ezinobukhulu obufanayo, zimnyama, zibushelelezi futhi zisindayo, zinzima kakhulu. Umphathi owangilalela wangilalelisisa, wahlola lezo zingcezu futhi wangitshela ukuthi kufanele ngiqoqe ngizinikeze ehhovisi. »
Ngo-Ephreli 12, 1878, umhloli wezintaba uGustav Arnaut wathumela i-telegraph eBrussels: “Amathambo amaningi atholakala emayini yamalahle iBernissart. Iqukethe i-pyrite. Tshela uDe Pau ukuthi afike esiteshini iMons kusasa kusasa ngo-8:00. Ngizobe ngikhona. Ngokushesha. UGustav Arnaut».
Ukutholwa kwamathambo kubikwa ku-Edward Dupont, umqondisi weBelgian Royal Museum of Natural History (MRHNB).Ngo-Ephreli 13, 1878, uLuis De Pau, inhloko yomnyango wezidakamizwa i-MRHNB, wafika eBernissard ukuzobheka okutholakele. Uthe izindonga zomhubhe wokuhlola umgodi zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngamathambo ezinsalela, izinsalela zezitshalo nezinhlanzi. Ngokushesha, abavukuzi bakhipha umlenze ongemuva ophelele, abanquma ukuwuphakamisa ebhodini elimbozwe ngotshani. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwamamitha angama-300 kuphela, amathambo aqala ukuwohloka, lokhu kwakungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pyrite, ekuxhumaneni nomoya. Umcimbi wamakhemikhali osongela ukulahlekelwa wonke amathambo ususaziwa ngokuthi "isifo se-pyrite." I-Crystalline pyrite emathanjeni yafakwa i-iron sulfate, ngenxa yalokho, leli nani lenyuka, ngenxa yokuthi amathambo aqhekeka futhi aqhekeka. Lapho amathambo esematweni wamatshe obumba angenawo umoya-mpilo wale mayini, ayevikeleka ekuvezelweni umoya. UDe Pau wabona ukuthi ukukhishwa kwezinsalela eziqukethe i-pyrite kuzodinga izindlela ezikhethekile. Ubuchwepheshe obusha obophumelelayo obakhiwe nguDe Pau busasetshenziswa kabanzi kwi-paleontology. Ukugcina imfucumfucu, uDe Pau wenza indlela ephumelela kakhulu: ithambo ngalinye lalikhishwa ngokucophelela, futhi isikhundla salo emgodini siqoshwe futhi sidwetshelwe epulini. Kamuva yahlukaniswa ngamabhulokhi ahlukene, indawo engaba imitha, yambozwa ngesendlalelo sephepha elimanzi ne-gypsum, futhi yabhalwa ngokucophelela, ngaphambi kokuthuthelwa eBrussels.
Umdwebo wase-Saint-Barbe mine
Kusuka ngoMeyi 15, 1878, ukumba okuhlelekile kwaqala. Ukutholakala kwe-osseous strata ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-322 kuya ku-356, ubungozi bokuqhekeka komhlaba, izikhukhula noma ukuwa, kanye nosayizi nokuqina kwamathambo, kwenza ukumbiwa kwama-iguanodons kwaba ngumcimbi onzima futhi oyingqayizivele, owathatha isikhathi esiningi. Ngo-Agasti 1878, umkhawulo weDe Pau wavalwa amahora amabili ngaphakathi emayini, ngenxa yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ukwembiwa kwadingeka kumiswe ngo-Okthoba 22, 1878, ngenxa yochungechunge lokudilika komhlaba nezikhukhula, amathuluzi namabhulokhi amaminerali atholakele kwakumele ashiywe ngaphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqembu lase selitholile izinsalela zamathambo ayisihlanu, okwakuqala kwakungu-skeleton "A" (IRSNB ikhathalogi yenombolo 1716), okungazanywa ukuthi ibuyiselwe. Lesi sampula sicutshungulwe futhi salungiswa ngesikhathi kusuka ngo-Okthoba 1878 kuya ku-Ephreli 1879 endaweni yokusebenzela imnyuziyamu, endaweni yokusebenzela iSt George's Palace yaseCount Nassau, eKudenberg, eBrussels (manje eyiRoyal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium). Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kokuqala, kwavela ukuthi ithambo lilahlekile engxenyeni engaphambili, isampula yagcina kuphela isifunda se-pelvic, umlenze wesobunxele womsila nomsila ogcwele, otholakala kulokho okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe.
UDe Pau uphinde waqala ukumbiwa phansi ngoMeyi 12, 1879, ngemuva kokuba indawo eyayigcwale amanzi ngo-Okthoba 22, 1878 ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-322. Iqembu lokuthungatha labantu abangu-11 lasebenza nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-5: 30 kuya ku-12: 30. UJules Cretter waba ngowokuqala ukuthola amathuluzi ashiywe kanye namabhulokhi okugcwala asuswa ngokushesha. NgoMeyi 1879, amathambo ayi-14 eguanodon, amathambo amane aqhekekile, amathambo amabili engwenya emnyama (Bernissartia), ithambo elilodwa lengwenya enkulu (iGoniopholis), izimfudu ezimbili nezinsalela ezingenakubalwa zezinhlanzi nezinsalela zezitshalo. Ukusuka ekuhlushweni kokuqala kongqimba, umhubhe wokuqala ovela empumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga unwetshwe kusetshenziswa umgwaqo oshubhile ongamamitha ayi-50. Ngo-Okthoba 22, 1879, cishe amamitha angama-38 ukusuka ekungeneni, kwatholakala isithombe sesibili sengwenya iGoniopholis. Ngemuva kokumba kuze kube ngamamitha angama-60 ukusuka kulo mnyango, kwatholakala amanye ama-iguanodons ayisishiyagalombili agcinwe kahle. Ngo-1881, endaweni enamamitha ayi-356, kwaqanjwa idrayivu enezingqimba ezintsha, enamamitha angama-7-8, kule ndawo kutholakala amathambo amathathu e-iguanodon.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokumbiwa eBernissar, uhulumeni waseBelgian wabhekana nezinkinga zezezimali futhi kusukela ngonyaka we-1882 ukumbiwa kwamiswa kwamiswa. Kulesi sikhathi sonke somsebenzi, amathambo wezinhlobo ezingama-43 ze-iguanodon atholakala, kufaka phakathi amathambo angama-25 (ukuphelela okungaphezulu kuka-60%) kanye namathambo ayi-8 ahlukane ngezinto ezinamaqhezu. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izingqimba zefossil osseous ezihlolisisiwe ngokuphelele; umbhede wokumbiwa komhlaba ne-iguanodons awuzange uphelelwe isikhathi. Ngesikhathi sempi yezwe yokuqala yango-1916 kuya ku-1918,
Iguanodon bernissartensis, Brussels, 1910.
Abahlaseli baseJalimane bazamile ukuqalisa kabusha, kepha umsebenzi waphazamiseka ngenxa yokuphela kwempi. Ngemuva kwempi, owayengumphathi wesikhungo saseBelgian Paleontological Museum, uGustav Gilson, wahlongoza uhulumeni waseBelgian ukuthi aqhubeke nokumba, kepha izindleko, ezilinganiselwa ezigidini zaseBelgian, zaziphezulu kakhulu. Indawo ethuthukisiwe emayini yaseSt Bourby yavalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 1921, ngenxa yezikhukhula. Umsebenzi eBernissard waphela ngokuphelele ngo-1926, futhi ukungena ezimayini kwagcwaliswa futhi kwambozwa ngokhonkolo ukhonkolo.
ULouis De Pau (enkabeni) kanye nokufakwa kwamathambo okuqala e-iguanodon esakhiweni saseSt George, ngo-1882
Ngo-1881, isazi sezilwane saseBelgian uGeorge Albert Boulenger sachaza izindulu ngaphansi kokubukeka okusha Iguanodon bernissartensis, futhi okuwukuphela kwe-iguanodontidae encane evela eBernissard, eyaziwa ngokuthi isampula le-IRSNB 1551, uBulecane okhonjwe ohlotsheni olwaziwayo olusuka eNgilandi - Iguanodon mantelli. ULouis Dollo kusuka ngo-1882 kuya ku-1885, njengoprofesa osizayo eMnyangweni weFossil Vertebrates weRoyal Belgian Museum of Natural Science, wasebenza ekwakheni kabusha amathambo ama-iguanodons. Lapho sekufika izinsalela eBrussels, la mafosili atholakala kahle ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaDollo, owalungiselela amaphepha atholakala ngokubuyiselwa kwamathambo alezi zidalwa. Encwadini yakhe yokuqala yesayensi ka-1882, wahlola isisekelo somehluko phakathi Iguanodon bernissartensis futhi Iguanodon mantelli. Isiphetho sikaDollo sasiwukuthi ama-iguanodons avela eBernissard empeleni ayizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile. Ukuvuselelwa kokuqala okuphrintiwe kokuvela kwe-iguanodon kwavela ngo-1882.
Umthambo wokuqala owakhiwe kabusha we-iguanodon, isampula le- “Q” (IRSNB R51), 1883
Amathambo abuyiselwa endaweni yokusebenzela iSt George - okuwukuphela kwesakhiwo esikhulu esanele ukwenza lo msebenzi. Isidumbu sokuqala esakhiwe kabusha endaweni eyimilenze emile mpo, isampula “Q” (IRSNB R51, inombolo 1534), safakwa ecaleni elibonakalayo lokusobala umphakathi egcekeni leNassau Palace, ngoJulayi 1883. NgoMashi 2000, kwaqokwa i-International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) Iguanodon bernissartensis kusuka eRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences enenombolo yokuqoqa i-IRSNB R51 (isampula “Q”) njenge-neotype (i-holotype entsha) yohlobo.
Indaba ethokozisayo yenzeka ngesinye isikhumba se-iguanodon kusuka emayini yaseBernissar, ikleliswe ngaphansi kwenombolo IRSNB 1551 (R57). Le i-iguanodon encane imelelwa yisigcini esicishe sicishe siphelele, esatholakala ekuphawulekeni okuphelele. Ekugcineni kwagcotshwa amathambo ngo-1882 futhi kwahlelwa kabusha ukuba kuboniswe ngo-1884. Lesi sibonelo sabekwa nguGeorge Bulencane noLouis Dollo komunye, ophilayo owachazwa phambilini - Iguanodon mantelli. Yahlukaniswa nefomu leBernissart ngokususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi lalinama-vertebrae amahlanu angcwele, ngokungafani namanye amathambo avela emayini, ayene-vertebrae eyisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingaphambili zangaphambili zimfushane futhi zinesilinganiso esingu-60% kubude bomlenze wangemuva. Ezinhlotsheni zeBernissart, lesi silinganiso singama-75%. Ngo-1878, uPierre-Joseph van Beneden wathi lesi silwane esincanyana besifazane, kanti i-Bernissart iguanodon kwakuyisilwane sowesilisa esikhulu nesinamandla. Ubabheka njengabezinhlobo ezifanayo, kepha lo mbono awakaqinisekiswa. Ngo-1986, lesi sibonelo sahlukaniswa nguDavid Norman njenge Iguanodon atherfieldenis, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2008, uGregory Paul wamenzela uhlobo olusha lwe-holot IDollodoneqanjwe ngemuva kukaLouis Dollo. Ocwaningweni luka-2010, uDavid Norman no-Andrew MacDonald babona uhlobo lweDollodon njengolungalungile futhi bachaza lesi skeleton esincane se-iguanodontida esivela eBernissard kuhlobo I-Mantellisaurus.
Iguanodon mantelli (IRSNB 1551), 1884
NgokukaNorman, okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-33 ezivela eBernissard zezinhlobo Iguanodon bernissartensis futhi mhlawumbe nemikhono eminye eyisithupha ehlukanisiwe. I-mantellizaurus imelelwa isampuli eyodwa kuphela ephelele ye-IRSNB 1551 futhi mhlawumbe skeleton eyodwa engaphelele. Isibonelo sesithathu esinokwenzeka siqukethe i-caudal vertebrae, izicubu zomzimba nezinyo elincane. UNorman wahlanganisa ikhathalogi eningiliziwe yama-iguanodons eqoqweni leRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Science (RBINS), ngokusho kukaNorman, izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ezivela eBernissard eziyizilwane zabantu abadala.
Iguanodon eBritish Museum, 1895
UDolo wafaka ithambo lokuqala ngo-1883, ukufakwa kwamathambo ayisishiyagalolunye asele ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe kwenziwa nguL. De Pau, ngonyaka ka-1902, konke ukwakhiwa kabusha kweshumi kwabekwa ophikweni olwakhiwe lweNational Gallery eLeopold Park. Ubude bama-dinosaurs baphinde bakhiwa kabusha endaweni ebheke phezulu ukusuka ku-6.3 kuya kumamitha ayi-7.3, futhi ukukhula kukhula kusuka kumamitha ayi-3.9 kuya kwayi-5. Ukuphela kwe-Iguanodon mantelli incane kakhulu, ifinyelela kuphela kumamitha angu-3.9 ubude namamitha angu-3,6 ubude. AmaDinosaurs ayelapho kusukela ngo-1902 kuya ku-1932, kepha ngenxa yokuchayeka komoya, umswakama kanye nokushisa okushisa, amathambo aqala ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi kusuka ku-1933 kuya ku-1937, wonke amathambo ahlanganiswa futhi ambozwe ngengxube evikela utshwala ne-shellac, yingakho bethola umbala onsundu (hhayi ngoba batholakala emayini yamalahle). Amathambo ahlukaniswa futhi ngonyaka we-1940 ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi kungenzeka ahlupheke noma aqothulwe ngokuphelele ngenkathi kuqhuma amabhomu, phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Izinsalela zazigcinwa ezingaphansi komhlaba, iminyango eyayivalwe ngayo ngamasandwich. Kodwa-ke, yayinomswakama lapho kangangokuba yathuthelwa phezulu phezulu ngaphambi kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II.
Manje amathambo aseRoyal Museum of Natural Sciences eBrussels, lapho kukhonjiswa khona imibukiso "edumile yeDinosaur", izinhlamvu eziyi-10 eziphelele zisesimweni esime nkqo, esimweni esikhulu sokuboniswa kwengilazi, kanti nezinhlobo eziyi-12 ezingaphelele kanye nezingxenye zamathambo zezingcezu eziyisishiyagalombili ezisetshenzisiwe ukuvezwa okuguquliwe, kusikhundla njengoba batholakala. Ikhophi elilodwa lamathambo, elinye lamathambo aphelele e-iguanodon waseBernissard, yathunyelwa emnyuziyamu waseSedgwick, University of Cambridge, njengesipho esivela kwiKing Leopold II. Ngo-1895, iMnyuziyamu yaseBrithani yathola ikhophi yokuqala yeBernissart iguanodon futhi yayifaka kuGalari yayo eyiReptile. Zonke izinhlelo zokumbiwa zigcinwa ezinqolobaneni zeRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Science. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo nemibhalo yesandla eminingi, kungenzeka ukubuyisela izimo zokutholwa kwe-iguanodon. UGustav Lavalett nabanye abasebenza emnyuziyamu eBrussels, ababesebenza kule ndawo yokumba, benza imidwebo eningiliziwe yama-iguanodons nezingwenya ezitholakala emayini, lapho bethulwa khona endaweni lapho kutholakala khona: