Le nganekwane ithi yake yenzeka kanye, imimoya emibi yathumela isiqalekiso esibi kwabakhileyo emhlabeni, abaningi bafa ngenxa yezifo ezibuhlungu. Abantu baqala ukucela usizo konkulunkulu, amazulu adabukela ukuhlupheka futhi athumela ingelosi yakhe emhlabeni - onamandla ibhubesi elimhlopheokwathi ngobuhlakani bakhe wafundisa abantu ukulwa nezifo futhi wathembisa ukuthi uzobavikela ngezikhathi ezinzima. Kukholelwa ukuthi inqobo nje uma amabhubesi amhlophe ekhona emhlabeni, ayikho indawo ezinhliziyweni zabantu yokuhlupheka nokuphelelwa yithemba.
Amabhubesi amhlophe - Manje sekungokoqobo, kepha muva nje bekubhekwa njengenganekwane enhle, ngoba abahlangani nhlobo emvelweni. Ngo-1975, ososayensi ababili abacwaninga abafunda umbuso wezilwane wase-Afrika futhi bachitha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka behlola umkhondo wobukhona bamabhubesi amhlophe ngephutha bathola amathole amathathu amhlophe qhwa azalwe enkulukazi ebomvu enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabhubesi ebhubesi abekwa endaweni yokugcina izinduna ukuze kukhiqizwe uhlobo lwenkosi edume ngezilwane - ibhubesi elimhlophe.
Njengamanje, kunabantu abangamakhulu amathathu emhlabeni, le nhlobo, eyake yalahleka esintwini. Manje ibhubesi elimhlophe akusona isilwane esihlala expanses of the praiseses of the African, amabhubesi endumeni avikelwe futhi adala izimo ezintofontofo zokuzalela ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo emhlabeni wonke.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Amabhubesi asesigabeni sezilwane ezincelisayo, i-oda lezilwane ezizingelayo, kanye nomndeni wekati. Zinoboya obufushane, umbala omhlophe qhwa qhwa kancane kancane lapho kuzalwa isilwane bese umuntu omdala eba nombala wophondo lwendlovu. Esiqongweni somsila, ibhubesi elimhlophe linebhulashi elincane, elimnyama kubafowethu abomvu.
Ubude bomzimba besilisa bungafinyelela ku-330 cm, ubhubesi ngokuvamile buhlala buncane - 270 cm. Isisindo sebhubesi elimhlophe kuyehluka kusuka ku-190 kuye kuma-310 kg. Amabhubesi aqhamuka kwabesifazane ahlukaniswa nge-mane enkulu yoboya obukhulu nobude, obuqala ukukhula ekhanda, ezinhlangothini zesizalo futhi budlula ngokushelelayo engxenyeni yamahlombe. Ubukhazikhazi be-mane bunika inkosi yesilo ukubukeka okumangalisayo nokunamandla, kungaheha bobabili abesifazane futhi kusabise izimbangi zabesilisa.
Ngokwesayensi kufakazelwe ukuthi lezi zilwane akuzona ama-albino. Kunamabhubesi amhlophe anamehlo womabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawombala wegolide. Ukuntuleka kwe-pigmentation ngombala wesikhumba kanye nejazi kukhombisa ukuntuleka kohlobo olukhethekile.
Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 edlule amabhubesi amhlophe e-Afrika kwakukhona ukukhithika okukhulu kweqhwa neqhwa. Futhi yingakho benombala omhlophe qhwa, owasebenza njengesifihlakalo esihle ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zezulu kule planethi, amabhubesi amhlophe aba abahlali bamaphethelo namawa ashushu emazweni ashisayo.
Ngenxa yombala okhanyayo, ibhubesi liba isilwane esisengcupheni, okuthi ngesikhathi sokuzingela lingaphepheli ngokwanele ukuthola inani elifanele lokudla.
Futhi kubazingeli bezikhumba, isikhumba esikhanyayo sesilwane yikho kunobhoza obaluleke kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu emabhubesini anombala "ongajwayelekile" ngokwemvelo ukuthi aphephele otshanini futhi ngenxa yalokho angaba yimpango yezinye izilwane.
Okukhulu kunabo bonke inani lamabhubesi amhlophe etholakala entshonalanga neNingizimu Afrika endaweni enkulu yaseSambona Nature Reserve. Kuzo, nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile, ezidalwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni zemvelo zokuphila endle.
Umuntu akangeneli ezinqubweni zokukhethwa kwemvelo, ukuzingela nokukhiqiza kabusha izakhamizi zendawo evikelekile. Ama-zoo amakhulu kunawo wonke amazwe omhlaba, njengeJalimane, iJapan, iCanada, iRussia, neMalaysia, i-USA aqukethe lesi silwane esidumile ezindaweni zawo ezivulekile.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Lokhu kwethulwa ngokubabazekayo isithombe amabhubesi amhlopheikakhulukazi bahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu - ama-prides. Ukukhulisa inzalo nokuzingela ikakhulu amabhubesi engonyazi, futhi abesilisa bavikela ukuziqhenya nendawo. Ngemuva kokuqala kokuthomba, abesilisa baxosha imindeni futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana onamandla wayo udala ukuziqhenya kwabo.
Emndenini owodwa onjalo, kungaqhamuka owesilisa oyedwa kuya kwabathathu, izinsikazi eziningana kanye nabazalo abancane bobabili ubulili. Izilwane ziqoqa inyamazane zizonke, zisabalalisa izindima ngokusobala. Indima enqumayo ekuzingeleni inikezwa izingonyamakazi, ngoba zishesha futhi zihamba kakhulu.
Owesilisa ungasabisa nje inyamazane, esevele ilindele ukuqamekela, ngokububula okusoyikayo. Amabhubesi amhlophe ayakwazi ukulala amahora angama-20 ngosuku, ahlala emthunzini wezihlahla nezihlahla eziqhakaza.
Indawo yokuziqhenya yisiza okuyo ukuzingela kwamabhubesi amhlophe. Uma esinye sezilwane zemindeni yamabhubesi singangeni kuleli lizwe, impi ingaqubuka phakathi kwamaphikisi.
Inganekwane
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, izizwe zase-Afrika zikhuleka ibhubesi elimhlophe njengesithunywa esivela phezulu, zimkhulekela njengesidalwa esingcwele, ziyamvikela. Abantu bajezisa kanzima umuntu obulala lesi silwane engahlosile.
Inganekwane enhle yase-Afrika, edlula isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye isizukulwane, ithi ezikhathini zakudala usizi olubi ngendlela yokugula nokuswela yahlasela izizwe. Ubuntu babusondele ekuqothulweni. Njengoba bengakwazi ukubhekana namandla emvelo, abantu bathandaza konkulunkulu babo izinsuku nobusuku, becela ukusindiswa. Onkulunkulu baba nesihe, futhi bathumela ibhubesi elimhlophe emhlabeni, eletha abantu ukukhululwa ekuhluphekeni nasezifo, okwathi emva kwalokho wabuyela emuva, wathembisa ukubuya lapho kuvela ingozi ngobuntu.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe liyondla
Ukudla kwansuku zonke komuntu wesilisa okuyisidalwa yinyama kaningi engathandeki (i-buffalo noma indlulamthi) kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-30 kg. Amabhubesi ayizilwane ezinesineke kakhulu ezikwazi ukudla kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi zingakwazi ukudla ngaphandle kwamasonto ambalwa.
Ukudla ibhubesi elimhlophe luhlobo lwesiko. Umholi wesilisa oziqhenyayo udla kuqala, bese kuba yilowo nalowo muntu, abasha badle okokugcina. Owokuqala ukudla inhliziyo yezinyamazane, isibindi nezinso, kuphela inyama nesikhumba. Baqala ukudla kuphela ngemuva kokuba owesilisa omkhulu egcwele.
Iqiniso
Into ngombala oyingqayizivele walawa mabhubesi, okwenza kube nezinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezahlukahlukene. Umbala omhlophe unqunywa yinhlanganisela ethile yezakhi zofuzo. Kukhona amabhubesi anemibala emhlophe / onsundu (abizwa ngokuthi amabhubesi e-heterozygous).
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kwengonyama emhlophe
Amabhubesi amhlophe ayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke. Ukuzala kwesibeletho kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-3,5 kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwenzalo, ibhubesi likushiya ukuziqhenya, ekukhanyisweni kwalo likwazi ukuzala lisuka kwelinye kuya kwamane amabhubesi ebhubesi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi enamawundlu ibuyela ekuziqhenyeni.
Ukuzalwa kwenzalo kwenzeka cishe ngasikhathi sinye kubo bonke abantu besifazane, lokhu kunomthelela ekuvikelweni okuhlanganisiwe kwamawundlu futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane. Ngemuva kokuba inzalo isikhulile, izinsikazi ezincane zihlala ekuziqhenyeni, futhi abesilisa, sebefinyelele eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine, bayeka ukuziqhenya.
Endle, amabhubesi ayakwazi ukuhlala eneminyaka eyi-13 kuye kwayi-16, kepha abesilisa akuvami ukuthi baphile kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-11, ngoba akubona bonke abaxoshwa ngokuziqhenya abakwaziyo ukuzihlalela bodwa noma bazenzele owabo umndeni.
Ekuthunjweni, amabhubesi amhlophe angaphila ukusuka eminyakeni engu-19 kuye kwengama-30. E-Russia, amabhubesi amhlophe ahlala epaki yeKrasnoyarsk yezitshalo nezilwane "iRoy Ruchey" nase "Safari Park" eKrasnodar. Amabhubesi amhlophe ohlwini ku-International Incwadi ebomvu njengezinhlobo ezisengozini futhi ezingandile, cishe ezingakaze zitholakale emvelweni. Kuya ngomuntu kuphela ukuthi ibhubesi elimhlophe lizoba ngokoqobo noma lizophinda libe yinganekwane futhi.
Incazelo Nezici
Ibhubesi elimhlophe akusebenzi ezilwaneni ze-albino, ama-subspecies ngamanye emndenini. Umbala omangalisayo kungenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuthile kofuzo okubangelwa isifo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-leukism. Umcimbi ungaqhathaniswa ne-melanism, ngenxa yokuvela kwama-panthers amnyama.
Ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwamangqamuzana e-pigment kuyinto eyivelakancane kakhulu. Ezinyamelweni, imibala yendawo eyenziwe kuyo ivame ukubonakaliswa, lapho amabala amhlophe, njengeqhwa elihlakazekile, amboze inqwaba, izinwele ezincelisayo, noma isikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukuntuleka kokufakwa kombala kwensimbi yezinwele kuwuphawu lwento eyodwa kuphela yebhubesi.
Kungani ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubonakaliswe kubo kuphela - akukho mpendulo. Iwundlu lengonyama emhlophe lizalwa ebhubesikazi elinombala o-ukhilimu. Bobabili abazali kumele babe ngama-heterozygous, babe noxha lwezakhi zofuzo oluhlanganiswe ezinhlanganisweni zezakhi zofuzo ezibuye zivele futhi ezinamandla zombala omhlophe onsundu. Ukweqiwa komgwaqo kungahle kuholele ibhubesi elimnyama nelimhlophe . Njengoba ikhula, amabala amnyama ayanyamalala, ijazi liba ukukhanya ngokulinganayo. Uhlobo olunsundu lungase lubuse esizalweni; amathuba okuthola ibhubesi elimhlophe qhwa liba cishe koyedwa kwabane.
Ngokungafani ne-albino ene-iris ebomvu, amehlo, isikhumba, namaphinifa amabhubesi apendiwe ngemibala yendabuko. I-tint ephuzi, yegolide, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngamehlo amahle kakhulu. Uboya obalulekile buyahlukahluka kumathoni: kusuka kusihlabathi esikhanyayo kuya kokumhlophe okumsulwa, kufaka phakathi i-mane yesiko elimnyama nesiphu somsila.
Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ijazi elimhlophe lebhubesi liyiphutha elisobala. Ngombono wokukhanga ubuhle, izilwane ezihlukile zinhle ngokungajwayelekile. Umbala onqabile ugcinwa ngochwepheshe bezilwane abazalanisa amabele ukuze bazigcine ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane. Inhlala-kahle yabantu iqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphephile kwezilwane nokuphepha kwempilo.
Izimo zemvelo zinonya kumabhubesi amhlophe. Umbala othize weqa izitha zokuthi kungenzeka zifihlwe, ngenxa yalokho ukubamba inyamazane ngokungazelele kube yinto engenakwenzeka. Amabhubesi amhlophe ngokwawo aba ngamatshe okuhlanza. Inzalo emhlophe qhwa inengozi ephezulu yokufa. Amabhubesi akhethekile axoshwa ekuziqhenyeni ngokuphila okuzimele, kepha mancane kakhulu amathuba okuzivumelanisa nesimo semvelo. Izilwane ezisengozini ngeke zifihle kusantavan ezitheni zemvelo nakubantu.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe linama-fangs amakhulu, njengabo bonke abameleli be-feline abamele.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nemibono yokubuyisa izakhamizi zasendle endle. Izingxoxo emithonjeni yezindaba zivame ukungazivezi izikhala zabachwepheshe. Awukwazi ukuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwe-retro-(ukubuyiselwa kwenqwaba yezinsalela ezingavamile zebhubesi) nezilwane ezizalanayo ngombala oyingqayizivele, ezingakwazi ukuba khona okuzimele endalweni.
Ngombala onqabile wamabhubesi, inkolelo yezizwe zase-Afrika yayihlotshaniswa. Ngokwenganekwane, eminyakeni eminingi edlule, isintu sabantu sasiqalekisiwe yimimoya emibi ethumela izifo ezimbi. Abantu bathandaza konkulunkulu babo. Kwathunyelwa iNgonyama eNhlophe ukubiza insindiso. Ngenxa yesithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, isintu saphiliswa. Inganekwane enhle ihlala emasikweni abantu base-Afrika kuze kube namuhla.
Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukubona ibhubesi elimhlophe kusho ukuthola amandla, ukuhlawulelwa izono, futhi ujabule. Kuyasivikela kubantu ezimpini, ekubandlululweni kwezinhlanga kanye nezifo. Kuzojeziswa kakhulu labo abalimaza ngisho nezilwane ezihlukumezayo bengazi. Amabhubesi Amhlophe Wase-Afrika - indondo ebalulekile, bavikelekile wombuso, abhalwe kuRed Book. Ukusindiswa kwesibalo esincane sabantu kungenzeka kuphela ngezindlela ezivimbelayo, zokuvikela.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Kukhona umcabango wokuthi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 eyedlule, amabhubesi ayehlala phakathi kwamathafa ayiqhwa, ngakho-ke umbala omhlophe qhwa wawungumbala wokuzingela izilwane. Ukushisa komhlaba wonkana ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuholele ekuqothulweni kwamabhubesi amhlophe. Kutholakale abantu abambalwa phakathi kwama-savannah, ezintabeni zamazwe ashisayo, okwabonakala njengesimangaliso.
Ukuba khona kwamabhubesi amhlophe kwaqinisekiswa ngonyaka we-1975 lapho bethola amawundlu amabhubesi anombala omhlophe eneminyaka engama-8 amasonto. Isigameko esiyingqophamlando senzeka eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Afrika, eKruger National Park eTimbavati Reserve. Izilwane zihlukaniswa ngokuthi iPanthera leo krugeri. Indawo okwatholakala kuyo yayiphakanyiselwe phezulu kwengcwele, igama lisho ukuthi "lapha amabhubesi ezinkanyezi ahla ezulwini."
Izingane zathuthelwa endaweni ephephile, lapho bezisindisa khona ekuguleni, ekubulambeni nasekufeni kubazingeli. Kusukela lapho, inzalo yamabhubesi amhlophe ihlala ezikhungweni zezilwane. Elinye elikhulu kunawo wonke yiSanbona Nature Reserve eNingizimu Afrika, lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezingaphezulu kwekhulu. Ngoba abahlali badale izimo zemvelo yemvelo, lapho abantu bengathinti ukukhethwa kwemvelo, ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane. Kwezinye izikhungo ze-zoo, ukongiwa kwamabhubesi amhlophe kusekelwa ngokwenziwe.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe esithombeni njalo kuyamangaza, kepha empilweni yangempela, ukuhlangana naye kweqisa abantu ngenhlonipho. Ubukhulu, umusa, ubuhle besilwane buyakhanga. Izimo ezinethezekile zokulondolozwa kwezilwane ezingandile zakhiwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane eJapan, ePhiladelphia nakwamanye amazwe. Ezindaweni zemvelo zaseJalimane zihlala amabhubesi amhlophe angama-20. Ensimini yaseRussia, ungabona amabhubesi amhlophe e-zoo enkulu kunazo zonke eKrasnoyarsk "Roy Ruchey", "Safari Park" eKrasnodar.
Isibalo sezilwane eziseplanethi azidluli abantu abangama-300. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu, kepha ukuvikelwa nentuthuko yabantu kuyenziwa ukuze ibhubesi elimhlophe ekugcineni lingaphenduki isidalwa esinganekwane. Ososayensi babhekene nomsebenzi wokubuyisa izilwane ngendlela yemvelo, ngoba ubumbene buyingozi empilweni yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe - isilwane muhle, ngokubabazekayo. Amabhubesi amadala akha imihlambi yemindeni - ama-prides, aqukethe owesilisa, izinsikazi zakhe kanye nenzalo. Amabhubesi amancane akhulayo axoshwa ukuba azenzele okwawo noma abambe ukuziqhenya komunye. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-2-2,5, lapho abasebancane bencintisana.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe liphumula ngemuva kokudla
Abesifazane banesibopho sokukhulisa inzalo. Kuyathakazelisa. Ukuthi omama ababheki amawundlu abo kuphela, kodwa namanye amawundlu. Iduna limatasa liqapha umhlambi, insimu yokuziqhenya. Izilwane ezidla kahle futhi ezinethezekile zithanda ukubeka ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezihlahla eziqhakaza, emthunzini wezihlahla. Isikhathi sokuphumula okuphelele nokulala isikhathi esingamahora angama-20.
INkosi yezilwane
Ibhubesi liyisilwane esikhulu esinezilwane zasendle. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lesi sidlakudla sibizwa kanjani. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu basendulo bebubiza kanjalo, kwanele ukubona ukuthi lesi silwane siqamba kanjani. U-Leo ugcina enamandla, futhi ngifuna ukusho - i-regal, ukuma. I-chic mane yenza ukubukeka kwayo kube yinhle ngokwengeziwe.
Isisindo sowesilisa singamakhilogremu angama-200, sifinyelela ku-2.8 m ubude (ngasendleleni, amasentimitha angama-90 awela emsileni omuhle). Amabhubesi amancane amancane. Isisindo sazo singamakhilogremu ayi-140, futhi ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha ayi-2,5. Abesifazane, ngokungafani nabesilisa, abanawo uju.
Ibhubesi lingashayela phansi i-zebra enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu ngesiteleka esisodwa se-paw (!). Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi sibhekwa njengeziqhamane ezinhle.
Imikhuba nemikhuba
Amabhubesi ahlala futhi azingele emihlambini (elinye igama ukuziqhenya). Izinyamazane zidla izimbungulu, izindlulamithi, namagundane, amahashe kanye nezintokazi, kwenzeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi zidla i-carrion. Ezimweni ezingandile, amabhubesi ahlasela izinyathi, izindlovu nobhejane. Futhi bazingela, njengomthetho, futhi amabhubesi aqapha inyamazane. Kunezimo ezivame lapho la makati asendle ethatha ukudla kwizilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ngemuva "kokudla" amabhubesi aphumula emthunzini noma emagatsheni. Yebo, yebo, bagibela izihlahla ngokuphelele! Ngenxa yezinqa zawo, angakhuphuka aze afinyelele kumamitha ayisithupha. Qaphela ukuthi amabhubesi aseyindlu yokulala! Isikhathi sokulala kwabo singaphezu kwamahora angamashumi amabili ngosuku. Kepha noma owesilisa elele, ezwa konke. kudingekile ukusindisa inzalo kanye nobhubesi.
Lezi zidlova kungenzeka zingaphuzi isikhathi eside, ngoba uketshezi oluqukethwe esilwaneni esidliwayo lwanele ngabo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isilo esisodwa esinjalo siyakwazi ukudla amakhilogremu angamashumi amane enyama, khona-ke iyolinda isonto kuze kube yilapho ukudla kugayiwe, bese ukwazi ukuhamba uyokuzingela futhi. Vele, kulesi simo, umuntu akufanele amangale ukuzwa ukuthi amabhubesi angahamba ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside.
Ososayensi sebefikile esiphethweni sokuthi ibhubesi lineminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kepha lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Ngeshwa, izisulu eziningi zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Eminyakeni emibili yobudala, baqala ukuthomba. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinyanga eziyi-12 zonyaka. Ukukhulelwa komuntu wesifazane kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-110. Kwinzalo eyodwa, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili kuya kwayisihlanu.Owesifazane angaletha inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Kwenzeka ukuthi ibhubesi elingavumeli owesilisa ukuba amathole, njengoba esaba impilo yawo.
Izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila kwabo, amawundlu ebhubesi ahlala nonina kuphela, kude neqembu. Lapho kuzalwa ingane, ifana nekati lasekhaya ngosayizi. Ukufihlwa okufihlekile kwezinsana kuwubala obonakalayo. Omama abancane bavame ukuhlangana, bahlelele uhlobo lwenkulisa, lapho beqoqa yonke inzalo yabo. Lapho sezinikeze amawundlu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwengonyamakazi eyodwa, bonke abanye omama bangazingela ngokuphepha, bazi ukuthi izingane zivikelekile. Ingonyama ekhulile isivele ithathwe nabo ekuzingeleni ukuze ifunde ukulandela inyamazane, bese ibulala. Lapho eneminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, i-mane isivele ikhula emadodeni. Lesi isikhathi lapho onamandla akhipha okubuthakathaka ephaketheni. Eminyakeni emihlanu, ibhubesi elilodwa lizama ukudala ukuziqhenya kwalo.
Ngokuqondile ngeminyaka
Ngakho-ke ibhubesi. Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani le ndoda ebukekayo? Isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe sincike ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, zingaki iminyaka amabhubesi ahlala endle? Endle, lezi zidlova zibhekana nezingozi eziningi, kepha isitha sazo esikhulu ngumuntu. Ngenxa yokuhlasela kwezimpisi nabazingeli, futhi ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle, isikhathi sokuphila sebhubesi esimweni semvelo sisifushane - cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kepha kulokhu sekwanele ukuvuthwa, futhi kushiywe inzalo.
Qaphela ukuthi izintokazi ziphila iminyaka eminingana. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi akudingeki bavikele insimu ekulweni nabantu abangabazi.
Impilo yemvelo iyalondolozwa
Iminyaka emingaki ihlala emabhubesi? Kulesi sifunda, impilo yabo yinde, ngoba izilwane zivikelekile kubazingeli. Lapha, izisulu zaphila iminyaka eyishumi nane, ecishe iphindwe kabili kunenkululeko.
Sekuyiminyaka emingaki amabhubesi ehlala e-zoo?
Cishe kuzo zonke zoo zamakati amakhulu, kudalwa izimo ezinhle (uma sikhuluma ngokuphepha). Ezindaweni ezinjalo, amabhubesi ahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, ebhekwa ngabasebenzi nabasebenza nodokotela bezilwane. EJalimane, bekukhona ibhubesi elihlala isikhathi eside, wayehlala e-zoo kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engama-29.
Ngakho-ke sihlangane kangcono nalezi zilwane ezinhle. Futhi uma ingane yakho, lapho iphinda ibuka ikhathuni ngeSimba, ithatha isikhathi sokuphila kwalaba bameleli, cishe uzokwazi ukutshela ingane yakho ukuthi mangaki amabhubesi ahlala endle, endaweni yasekhaya yezilwane zasendle nasezindaweni zemvelo.
Indawo: I-East Africa, India (pc. Gujarat). Phambilini, amabhubesi ayehlala iningi le-Afrika, Middle East kanye neHindustan.
Incazelo : ibhubesi linokubonakala okuyinqayizivele kunazo zonke kuwo wonke amakati - liyisidlakela esikhulu esinomzimba omisipha oqinile futhi oguquguqukayo. Ama-paws aqinile, enemisipha ekhule kahle emilenzeni yangaphambili, ibhubesi libamba libambe inyamazane. Umsila mude, unophisi ekugcineni onezinwele ezimnyama ekugcineni.
Ikhanda likhulu kakhulu, isihlakala sesinde, imihlathi inamandla ngamafangs amakhulu (amazinyo angama-30 ewonke). Ulimi lunetha, lumbozwe amashubhu ngesimo sezikhala ezibukhali ezisiza isilwane ekukhetheni amaza namakhaza, futhi nokunakekela isikhumba saso. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, zimnyama ngaphandle zinebala eliphuzi phakathi.
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuthiwa: abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane futhi cishe bangama-50% esisindo. Owesilisa osemdala une-mane ende emboza intamo, amahlombe nesifuba. Wonke umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimfushane. Emabhubesini amadala, i-mane ngezinye izikhathi iyakhula futhi imboze amahlombe nesisu.
Ibhubesi ngalinye ebusweni balo linemigqa engu-4-5 ye-vibrissa (amadevu). Esisekelo se-antennae ngayinye kunendawo emnyama eyakheka ikhethelo elikhethekile lomuntu ngamunye.
Umbala : Umbala oyinhloko womzimba ophezulu yi-white-grey (amabhubesi ase-Asiatic), ukhilimu, isihlabathi ophuzi nesihliki esimnyama. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ipendiwe ngamathoni alula. Emabhubesini amadala, i-mane inombala onsundu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa amawundlu ebhubesi noma amhlophe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwamehlo abomvu ama-albino, okubonisa ukungabikho kombala wombala.
Ubukhulu : ubude bengonyama - 2.7-3 m, amabhubesikazi afinyelela ku-2.7 m, ukuphakama ekushwabeni kuze kufike ku-122 cm.
Isisindo : abesilisa - kuya ku-250 kg, abesifazane - kuze kufike ku-180 kg.
Isikhathi sokuphila : emvelweni kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-17 ukuya kwengama-20, ekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
U-Leo "uyakhuluma" impela, i-repertoire yakhe ifaka imisindo enjengokuthi: ukubabaza, ukugunda, ukumemeza, ukububula nokubhonga. Roar isetshenziselwa ukubonisa izifunda noma ukwesabisa izimbangi. Ukubhonga kowesilisa kukhulu futhi kujule kakhulu kunokwengonyamakazi futhi kungazwakala kukude ngamakhilomitha angama-5-7. Izinsikazi zinika ugogo ophansi uma zibiza amawundlu azo. Amabhubesi angahlanza njengekati lasekhaya. Indawo yokuhlala: amathafa avulekile (akhetha ipaki nezindawo ezinotshani ezinobuningi bezilwane ezingamhloniphi, ukuba khona kwezimbobo zokunisela) kanye nogwadule oluyihlane. Izintaba zikhuphuka ziye kuma-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izitha : oyinhloko ngumuntu. Imihlambi yezindlovu, obhejane, imvubu, izingwenya ezinkulu (ezingahlasela ibhubesi emgodini wokunisela) iba yingozi ethile. Izingonyama ezindala ezinesizungu zivame ukubulawa amazinyo ezinja ze-hyena.
Zombili izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama kumazinyane ebhubesi.
Ukudla : amabhubesi - izinyamazane zithanda izilwane eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu: izinyamazane, amadube, amazeze, izilwane zasendle, izindlovu ezincane, imfuyo. Ngokushoda kwezinyamazane, i-carrion nayo ingadliwa yizilwane ezincane (amagundane afana negundane, inhlanzi, izinkukhu kanye namaqanda ezinambuzane). Abazigweme inyamazane yangaphandle, bayithatha kwezinye, izisulu ezibuthakathaka (izinja kanye nozungu).
Ukuziphatha : ngesikhathi sasemini, ukuziqhenya kuphumula emthunzini, futhi kusihlwa kuqhubeke ukuzingela.
Ngokuziqhenya, abazingeli abaphambili bangamabhubesikazi, kodwa amabhubesi uqobo cishe awakaze azingele. Amaduna aqapha insimu futhi ayivikele kwezinye izilwane ezingena kuyo.
Amabhubesi azingela inyamazane enkulu eqenjini, ekuqaleni azama ukwahlukanisa isisulu emhlambini, bese eyayihlasela bese eyibulala. Ngesikhathi sokujikijela (amabanga amafushane), amabhubesi angofinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-55 km / h.
Kusondela isisulu eduze kakhulu, ibhubesi elinamakhaza amakhulu likhala liyisuse ezinyaweni zalo lilume amazinyo alo umphimbo. Uma inyamazane iphunyuka, izinyamazane zifuna inyamazane entsha. Ngokwesilinganiso, konke ukuhlaselwa kwesine kuphetha ngokunqoba.
Amabhubesi abulala inyamazane ngezindlela ezintathu: okuncane - ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwenhliziyo yomlomo wesibeletho, okuphakathi kuklebhuze umphimbo, nokubamba okukhulu okubambe umphimbo entanjeni nasentanjeni.
Abesilisa yibona abokuqala ukudla inyamazane, bese kuba yizinsikazi, ezihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu esigabeni sabaphathi, izintokazi ezisezingeni eliphansi namakati zithela okokugcina. Ngakho-ke, imbangela enkulu yokufa phakathi kwamawundlu ebhubesi yindlala. Esihlalweni esisodwa, ibhubesi elidala lidla kuze kufike ku-20 kg yenyama.
Wanelisekile, amabhubesi aqeda ukoma kwawo futhi ayophumula. Ukuziqhenya kwamabhubesi amane kudinga ukuzingela okukodwa okuphumelelayo ngesonto. Izingonyama ezigulayo noma ezincishayo, ezingakwazi ukuhlasela ngabantu abangathandeki, zingahlasela abantu.
Amabhubesi agxuma ngokuphelele - uthango lwamamitha amathathu namawele akusona isithiyo kuwo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo : Amabhubesi yizilwane zenhlalo echitha impilo yazo yonke iphakethe. Banomkhosi wokubingelela oyinkimbinkimbi, lapho amabhubesi esondela komunye nomunye, anikine amakhanda kusukela ngapha nangapha, futhi agcine imisila yawo iphakeme. Ukukhonkotha kwenhlalo kwekhanda, amahlombe nentamo nakho kuwuphawu lokubonisa uthando nobudlelwano obuhle.
Ekuziqhenyeni, imvamisa amadoda amadala ayi-1-2, izingonyamakazi eziningi zabantu abadala kanye nabantu abasha (ukuya kubantu abangu-7-13). Amabhubesi angabafokazi amukelwa ngenkani ekuziqhenyeni. Amabhubesi ebhubesi aqala ukufunda ekuzingeleni maduze kakhulu kunamabhubesi, kwesinye isikhathi eneminyaka eyi-4-5 kuphela, kepha ngokuvamile abesilisa abancane baxoshwa ekuziqhenyeni kwangaphambilini. Beqhutshwa imizwelo, abesilisa baya ezinhlotsheni, lapho kuhlala khona amabhubesi, futhi lapho bazama ukulwela ubuholi.
Izilwane zabo bobabili ubulili zimelela imingcele yendawo yabo ngomchamo nangendle. Iziza ngazinye zingathatha i-100-400 km 2 (ngokuya ngobuningi bokudla).
Ukuzala : Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa balwa ngobudlova kakhulu abesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekufeni komunye wabancintisana. Owina ujaha lowesifazane futhi uzama ukushada naye ngawo wonke amathuba. Uma ibhubesi liphikelela ngokwanele, insikazi iyakuvumela ukuba uyigibele. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, ibhubesi libamba amazinyo abesifazane ngemuva kwentamo. Ukuvuthwa ngokwako kuthatha imizuzu eyi-1-2, kwathi ngosuku umbhangqwana uphela amahlandla ayikhulu.
Izinsikazi ngokuzikhukhumeza okukodwa zizala amawundlu ngasikhathi sinye, okusiza ukuzivikela kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye nakwamanye amabhubesi enduna. Amabhubesi ayondla amawundlu ngaphandle kokuwahlukanisa abe abangane nezitha. Uma owesifazane oyedwa efa, bonke abanye banakekela amawundlu kamufi.
Ukubeletha kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuziqhenya. Lair ihlala emihumeni, emifantwini yamadwala noma emigodini etholakala ezindaweni ezikude.
Isizini / inkathi yokuzalanisa : unyaka wonke.
Ukuthomba : izinsikazi zivuthwa eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala, abesilisa abaneminyaka eyi-6.
Ukukhulelwa : Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-105-112.
Isithombo : Kulapho kunamakhithi angama-2-4 abonakalayo. Amawundlu ebhubesi elisanda kuzalwa anesisindo esingama-450 g, osayizi bawo acishe abe ngu-30 cm. Kamuva, umbala obonwe uthathelwa indawo umbala owodwa. Amehlo avulwa ngezinsuku 3-11. Amawundlu aqala ukuhamba ngosuku lwe-10. Amazinyo obisi aqhuma eneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga. Lapho amakati ephakathi nezinyanga eziyi-1.5 ubudala, umama uqala ukuthatha nawo ekuzingeleni futhi awondle ngenyama. Ukucashiswa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ukuhlomula / ukulimaza abantu : Amabhubesi ahlasela abantu kuyaqabukela futhi ikakhulukazi lapho egula noma elimele. Amabhubesi amancane alawulwa kalula futhi aqeqeshwa.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umuntu wayebheka ibhubesi njengenkosi yezilwane. EGibhithe lasendulo, ibhubesi laliwuphawu lwamandla waphezulu nawasebukhosini. Kuma-Asiriya namaGrikhi, ibhubesi lalingumngane ohlala njalo konkulunkulukazi. Futhi kubuciko bobuKristu bokuqala, ibhubesi lalifanekisela abangcwele uMark noJerome, futhi kamuva noKristu uqobo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabhubesi aba umhlobiso oyingqayizivele wezingalo zezikhulu ezithile nezifundazwe ezithile.
Isimo sabantu / ukulondolozwa : Inani elilinganisiwe lamabhubesi lingama-30,000 kuya ku-100,000.
Kunezindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi: i-African (East Africa) ne-Asia (India, Gir Forest Reserve).
Isayensi iyawazi umngcele phakathi kwezingonyama namahlosi (izingulube), kanye nezizukulwane zamahlosi namabhubesi (ama-tigeyons).
Isikweletu: Portal Zooclub
Lapho uphinda ubhala le ndatshana, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kumthombo yi-MANDATORY, uma kungenjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sihloko kuzothathwa njengokuphula umthetho we "Law on copyright and rights Associates".
Uneminyaka emingaki amabhubesi? Ukuze uwuphendule ngokugcwele lo mbuzo, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela incike esikhathini sokuphila komuntu omnyama kangaka, inkosi yangempela yezilwane - uLeo.
Emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, indawo ababehlala kuyo yayingaphezu kakhulu.
ILviv itholakala esifundeni sase-Afrika, eMiddle East nase-Iran. Bahlala enyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya, eningizimu yeYurophu, naseningizimu yeRussia.
Impilo yalezi zilwane ezidla izambane likapondo yayihluke ngokuphelele, kepha lezi zilwane ezinhle zazihlala zisemkhakheni wokubonwa komuntu ongenelelayo ekuxhumaneni kwabo nokujwayelekile kwezwe.
Amabhubesi abhujiswa ngenhloso yokuzivikela, abanjwa njengezinkomba zama-circus circus nangenxa yethimba lokuzingela. Futhi esikhathini sethu, inani lalezi zilwane lehlile kakhulu. Njengamanje, amabhubesi atholakala kuphela kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika nasezindaweni zesimo saseNdiya saseGujarat.
Amabhubesi abukeka kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abade emahlombe bangabanqobi phakathi kwamakati futhi banombala ophuzi. Imihlathi yalezi zilwane iqine kakhulu, futhi imilenze yazo inamandla kangangokuba ingakwazi ukuzingela isilo esikhulu kalula. Kepha kunesinye isici esehlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, lo yi-mane. I-mane ngombala ivame ukuhlangana nombala wesikhumba, kepha ingaba nomthunzi okhanyayo noma omnyama, futhi ekugcineni komsila, kwabesilisa nabesilisa, ibhulashi loboya obude.
Amabhubesi endle
Ngolimi lwezilwane, uboya obukhula emsundwini wentamo busho ubudlova, babhekana futhi bayasaba abantu abanjalo; imvelo yanika amabhubesi amaduna ngenqobelo ebushelelezi nenobukhazikhazi, engeza ubukhazikhazi nobukhulu kubo. Eqinisweni, amabhubesi awesabisi njengoba ebukeka. Ngaphandle kwamandla abo nobukhali, iningi losuku, cishe amahora angama-20 ngosuku, amabhubesi aphumule elangeni, azingela kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa, efuna isikhathi eside sawo isisulu esifanelekile. Amabhubesi ayizilwane zenhlalo, ahlala emindenini - emithandazweni.
Ukuziqhenya kuvame ukuqukethe owesilisa oyedwa noma abaningi - izihlobo zegazi, izinsikazi eziningana namawundlu azo. Lapho nje amawundlu ebhubesi efika eminyakeni yobudala engama-2-3, ayaxoshwa ekuziqhenyeni, futhi aphila ngokwehlukana kubo bonke aba ngamabhubesi azulazulayo. Lawa mabhubesi eyedwa azifunela ukudla, esikhathini esiningi athatha izinyamazane zawo ukuziqhenya. Amabhubesi amancane ashiya ukuqhosha. Ngaphezu kokuhlala ema-prides e-Afrika, kunemibhangqwana engamabhubesi ehlala ngokuzimela.
Phakathi kwabesifazane kukhona ukusatshalaliswa okucacile kwezindima isikhathi sokuzingela nangaphandle kwaso, ngoba ukusinda kokuziqhenya konke kuncike kulokhu. Othile ubuka amawundlu, othile uphumule, futhi othile ubukele ukubona ukuthi kukhona abesifazane noma abesilisa abavela kolunye ukuziqhenya endaweni. Isisekelo sokudla kwebhubesi yizinyoni zasendle, amadube, ama-buffalos, i-squ ne-kongoni, kwesinye isikhathi ama-warthogs nezinyamazane kwesinye isikhathi kuvela kwimenyu. Ukuzingela kwenziwa eqenjini. Amabhubesi agijima kancane futhi awakwazi ukuxosha inyamazane yawo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke inhloso yawo uwukushayela inyamazane ekugcineni, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlasela.
Owesifazane okhulelwe ushiya ukuziqhenya endaweni esecaleni lapho, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-110, kuzalwa amawundlu ebhubesi angasho amane futhi angenakusizwa. Kuze kube amasonto ayisikhombisa bebodwa nonina, emva kwalokho ibhubesi linikeza amabhubesi ebhubesi ukuvikela ukuziqhenya kwalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesilisa, uma bekhona ngokuziqhenya, bebekezelela kakhulu amawundlu kunabesifazane, bazimisele kakhulu ukudlala nabo futhi bahlanganyele izitha zabo.
Uneminyaka emingaki amabhubesi?
Futhi-ke - isikhathi esingakanani ibhubesi lihlala endle? Uma ubheka konke lokhu okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwengonyama sincike ezintweni eziningi.
Endle - ngaphandle kokubukeka okusongelayo namandla amabi nokuxwaya ngokweqile, laba bantu abazingelayo balindele izingozi eziningi, ukulimala kanye nokulimala okunganikeli ekwandiseni impilo.
Lezi yizicucu nabantu abangabazi ngaphandle kwensimu, ngemuva kwalokho elinye lamabhubesi lihlala likhubazeka bese ngenxa yalokho lingakwazi ukukhombisa amandla alo nokuqina kwalo lapho lizingela, lokhu kuhlaselwa abanye abahlaseli abanolaka ngokufanayo.
Lokhu kungukulimala nokulimala okuqubuka kwinqubo yokuzingela izilwane ezinkulu njengama-buffaloes, ngemuva kwalokho isilwane ngokwemvelo asikwazi ukuzingela sidle kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho siphile isikhathi eside.
Kepha inkinga enkulu njengangaphambili ibhubesi lihlala lingabazingeli. Ngakho-ke endle, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwamabhubesi siyi-8-10, okuvame kakhulu ukuba yiminyaka eyi-14.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izingonyamakazi ziphila iminyaka emide kunabesilisa, kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi azidingi ukubamba iqhaza kuma-skirmish nabantu ongabazi ngaphandle kwensimu.
Amabhubesi ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezitolo nase zoo
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, bezama ukusindisa lezi zilwane ezinhle ekuqothulweni, abantu bazama ukuzigcina ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezindaweni nasemakhaya, lapho amabhubesi akwazi khona ukuhlala futhi azale ngokujwayelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sanda kakhulu, kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kwengu-14, kusukela ekutheni amabhubesi angahlala endle, aze afike ku-20 aze afike eminyakeni engama-25 noma ngaphezulu, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokugadwa kodokotela bezilwane endaweni yokubhuka kanye nokuncane okuncane e-zoo - imvamisa mayelana Iminyaka engama-20 Ngakho-ke isikhathi eside ebaluleke kunazo zonke esaphila kunawo wonke amabhubesi namuhla siphile iminyaka engama-29.
Sizame ukunikeza impendulo enemininingwane embuzweni mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila somuntu obaluleke kakhulu omelele umndeni womndeni wekati, futhi ngempela nangezilwane - ibhubesi. Futhi uma ingane yakho ithakazela isikhathi sokuphila sebhubesi, ungatshela indodana noma indodakazi yakho ukuthi ingakanani iminyaka amabhubesi ehlala endle, endaweni yemvelo nase-zoo.
Abamele umndeni wekati. I-maneha e-lush ehlaba umxhwele, ukubhonga okuvuthayo, umzimba omkhulu onemisipha, umucu wokulwa - konke lokhu kufana nenkosi enamandla neqinile yehlathi. Abantu bamabhubesi babizwa ngamakhosi ehlathi. Ngakho-ke umbono ongaqondile wokuthi lezi zihlala emahlathini ashisayo.
Isisindo sebhubesi leduna elidala singafinyelela ku-250 kg, kuthi owesimame abe ngu-150 kg.Ubude bomzimba wesilwane busuka ku-2.3 m kuya ku-3.0 m.
Izindawo zokuhlala zeNgonyama
ENkathini Ephakathi, amabhubesi ayenebanzi ngokwengeziwe - yonke insimu yase-Afrika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo nezinehlane, i-Middle East, i-Iran, ingxenye ye-Europe, ngisho nemaphethelo aseningizimu yeRussia, India. Kepha ukuzingela izikhumba zamabhubesi, izimpi, kwacekela phansi imvelo ejwayelekile yomphangi. Amabhubesi alahlekelwe iningi lebanga lawo. Ngo-1944, kwatholakala ibhubesi lokugcina eYurophu e-Iran - lalifile.
Manje e-Afrika, amabhubesi ahlala esifundeni eseningizimu yehlane laseSahara. Lapha, ezimweni ezingenamkhawulo zobukhona, izilwane zizizwa zingaphezu kokukhululeka, okunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwazo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani lamabhubesi lehla ngokushesha minyaka yonke.
Ezwenikazi elishisa bhe leplanethi - e-Afrika - cishe ama-80% awo wonke amabhubesi omhlaba ahlala.
ENdiya, amakhosi ehlathi ahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-1,400 eNtshonalanga yezwe. Bahlala esifundeni esibizwa nge-Gir Forest. Ngeshwa, leli nani labantu le-flines lincane impela - ngabantu abangaba ngu-360. Izibalo ezidabukisayo ziphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi avikele amabhubesi futhi enze konke ngenhloso ukuvimba ukuncipha kwenani lamakati asendle. Futhi lokhu kudlale indima enhle: ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, ubukhulu beqembu baqala ukukhula kancane.
I-Savannah ithathwa njengendawo ayithandayo lapho amabhubesi ethanda ukuhlala khona, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ahlala ezindaweni ezinenqwaba yezihlahla namahlathi. Kubalulekile emabhubesini ukuba khona kwendawo yokuhlala yohlobo olukhethekile lwe-acacia. Yisitshalo lesi esivikela imihlambi elangeni elinukayo, futhi futhi isindise ekushiseni naselangeni. Emahlathini aminyene omanzi nogwadule olungenamanzi, amabhubesi awaphili.
Izizathu zokuqothuka
Amabhubesi amhlophe asondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni ngezindlela eziningi ngenxa yokufa kwawo okuphezulu, ngoba umbala omhlophe ubaphuca ukuthi kungenzeka bafihleke. Akakwazi ukweqa inyamazane ngokunganaki, ngasikhathi sinye okuhlosiwe okuhle ku-hyenas. Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukuba amawundlu amancane aphile, avele njengebala elimhlophe ngemuva kwesizinda se-savannah. Owesilisa, njengoba ekhula ngokobulili, uyaxoshwa ekuziqhenyiseni kwakhe nokwakhe. Kepha ibhubesi elimhlophe cishe alinamathuba okusinda lodwa.
Ukulondolozwa kwabantu
Emzameni wokugcina inani lamabhubesi amhlophe, ukuzuzwa okuhle kungokwezikhungo zezilwane. Kunemigqa emincane yezakhi zofuzo ekhona e-zoos e-Afrika, e-USA, eCanada naseJalimane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ibhubesi elimhlophe, isithombe sakho ongasibona kule ndatshana, akuyona imininingwane ehlukile, kume nje ukwahlukahluka kombala webhubesi lase-Afrika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwaso sonke isibalo samabhubesi ase-Afrika kuyadingeka.
E-zoos, lapho iningi lamabhubesi amhlophe ahlala khona namuhla, iziphambano zekhokho, zivame ukusetshenziswa, okuyingozi enkulu empilweni yesizukulwane esizayo. Ngakho-ke, yonke imizamo kumele yenziwe ukubuyisela inani labantu ngokwemvelo.
Amabhubesi amhlophe namuhla
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva etholakalayo, bangaphansi kwamakhulu amathathu abantu emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Lokhu, kunjalo, kuncane kakhulu, kepha uma ubheka ukuthi eminyakeni engamashumi amane edlule kwakukhona abathathu kuphela kubo, imiphumela yomsebenzi owenziwe ukuvikela inani labantu iyabonakala. Eminyakeni yama-70s yekhulu leminyaka edlule, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi kutholakale isiqiniseko senganekwane yabantu base-Afrika ngokuba khona kwesilwane esingajwayelekile njengebhubesi elimhlophe. Azikho izithombe noma obunye ubufakazi obuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwazo; usesho lwenziwa ngokungabonakali. ETimbavati zasendle sasendle iThalavati, kwatholakala ingonyamakazi namabhubesi amabili eneminyaka yobudala yamasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Babekwe esitokisini. Futhi namhlanje, ingxenye yamabhubesi amhlophe ihlala eSanbona Nature Reserve, etholakala eNingizimu Afrika. Lapha bavikelekile, abesabi abazingeli, ukugula nendlala.
Izindaba ezinganekwane
Kunezinganekwane eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezikhulunywa ngamabhubesi anombala omhlophe ezilwaneni zase-Afrika. Lezi zilwane zithathwa njengezithunywa zikankulunkulu weLanga, futhi wonke umuntu onethuba lokuzibona okungenani ngamafuphi uzonikezwa impilo, inhlanhla nentokozo. Amabhubesi amhlophe eNingizimu Afrika athathwa njengophawu lokukhanya kwelanga, ubuhle, okwazi ukuvikela abantu ezimpini, ezifweni nasekubandlululaneni ngokobuhlanga. Futhi njengoba ubona lokhu kudalwa okumangalisayo kwemvelo kuphela endaweni yaseTimbavati, le ndawo nayo yaphakanyiselwa isikhundla sabangcwele. Kuhunyushwe, igama laso lisho "indawo lapho amabhubesi ezinkanyezi ehla ezulwini".
Izinganekwane zokuqala eziphathelene namabhubesi amhlophe zavela eminyakeni engamakhulu amane edlule ngenkathi kubusa iNdlovukazi uNambu. Inganekwane ithi inkanyezi iwile ivela ezulwini, futhi kusukela kuleso sikhathi izilwane ezinombala ongajwayelekile zaqala ukubonakala esifundeni esinemvamisa engakaze ibonwe. Kwakunamabala amhlophe, izingwe ngisho nezindlovu. Baqhubeka ukuzalwa ngezikhathi ezithile namhlanje. Kepha kwakunguwona uqobo amabhubesi abe yizilwane ezingcwele, ezimnyama nezimhlophe lapho zizalwa noma enephunga likakhilimu omuncu aguquka nobudala baba ubuhle obumhlophe qhwa, okwaveza izinganekwane.
Omunye wabo utshela ukuthi njalo ngeminyaka eyikhulu kuzalwa amawundlu ebhubesi elimhlophe, avela esihlahleni sase-Afrika. Amandla amakhulu wezulu afihlakele emehlweni akhe. Ubhekwa njengomvikeli waphezulu. Ukubulawa kwalesi silo esimangalisayo kubhekwa njengesono esibi kakhulu, okuwukudelela kwabo bonke abahlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Amabhubesi amhlophe abhalwe ku-Red Book futhi avikelwe umbuso. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho isibalo salezi zilwane ezingavamile singasindiswa.
Leo - izimfanelo nencazelo
Ukufanisa isilwane esinjengobhubezi, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze incazelo yaso. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zihlukile kancane kwesinye, kepha zinokufana okuningi.
Isilo singowomndeni wekati, ngakho-ke, ngokubukeka kwawo, siyafana namakati asekhaya, kuphela ubukhulu bawo sibadlula kakhulu. Ungomunye wabamele lo mndeni omkhulu kunabo bonke, owesibili kuphela ihlosi.
Umzimba wesilo uyashintshashintsha futhi uyiselula; banemisipha ekhule kahle kahle yangaphambili nentambo. Emilenzeni kukhona izinzipho, ubude bazo bufika ku-7 cm. Ikhanda laso likhulu, linesihlakala esidala nemihlathi eqinile. Ama-fangs akhe amade (cishe 8 cm), isibalo samazinyo singama-30. Lezi zici zinikeza ibhubesi ithuba lokufuna ama-herbivores amakhulu. Ulimi lumbozwe amashubhu, ngenxa yokuthi ibhubesi lingageza uboya balo ekungcoleni futhi liqede izinambuzane.
Esihlokweni kukhona amadevu, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona amabala amnyama amnyama. Lawa mabala enza iphethini elihlukile kwesilwane ngasinye. Amakhebuli azalwa enemibala, kodwa njengoba ekhula, amabala emzimbeni wawo ayanyamalala, umbala wejazi uba umfaniswano - onsundu noma isihlabathi. Esiqongweni somsila wesilo kukhona isiganga esimnyama.
Isici esiyinhloko salezi zilwane i-dimorphism yezocansi. Ibhubesi labesilisa nengonyamakazi kunomehluko omkhulu. Isibonelo, awukwazi ukusho ukuthi ibhubesi likala kangakanani ngokwesilinganiso, ungazi ubulili bomuntu othize. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane ngobukhulu nangesisindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhanda abo ahlotshiswe nge-mane, eqala ukukhula kumazinyane amabhubesi eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Ubude bokunqwabelana nobukhulu be-mane kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala nezimpawu zofuzo.
Libala kangakanani ibhubesi?
Ukuthi isisindo sengonyama endala sikala kangakanani ngokwesilinganiso kuya ngezimpawu zempilo yakhe. Kepha ubulili buthinta ikakhulukazi le nkomba. Ukuhlukahluka kwamapharamitha amakhulu kunikezwa etafuleni.
Abesilisa | Abesifazane | |
Ubude bomzimba | 1,7 kuye ku-2,5 m | 1,4 kuye ku-1.45 m |
IMisa | 150 kuya ku-250 kg | 120 kuya ku-180 kg |
Ukuphakama kwamahlombe | Cishe i-1,2 m | Approx.0.07 m |
Ubude bomsila | 0.9 kuya ku-1.05 m | 0.7 kuya ku-1 m |
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, lesi sidlakudla saziwa ngosayizi omncane kakhulu wenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ibhubesi alinakubizwa ngokuthi yi-Hardy. Iyakwazi ukushesha ifike ku-80 km / h, kepha inqoba amabanga amancanyana kuphela.
Izici zokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukunikeza incazelo yanoma yisiphi isilwane, akudingeki ucabangele ukubukeka kwaso kuphela. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthola ukuthi ibhubesi lihlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi lihlala kuphi.
Kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho kuhlala khona isilwane esinje njengebhubesi. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kwehle kakhulu. Phambilini, lesi silo asitholakalanga e-Afrika naseNdiya, njengoba kunjalo namanje, kodwa futhi nase-Iran, Russia, eningizimu yeYurophu naseMiddle East. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu yesibalo yaqothulwa, futhi izimo ezindaweni eziningi zaba ezingafaneleki empilweni yazo. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izindawo lapho lezi zilwane zazingabonakala khona ngaphambili, ibhubesi manje lihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika (ngaphesheya kwehlane laseSahara) nasesifundeni saseNdiya saseGujarat. Okufanele kakhulu kubo ama-savannas, amahlathi noma izihlahlana.
Abantu bahlangana emhlambini omncane - amaphrinta. Ukuziqhenya kuqukethe izinsikazi ezi-5 noma ezi-6, phakathi kwazo kukhona ubumbano, abancane nabesilisa. Kweminye imiqhudelwano, kungaba nabesilisa ababili uma bengabafowethu. Izinsizwa, lapho zifinyelela ukuvuthwa, zishiya ukuziqhenya (ziyaxoshwa). Banethuba lokujoyina enye ukuqhosha noma bazenzele eyabo. Abanye babo baphila impilo yokuba nesizungu.
Ngabe idlani ibhubesi?
Ubungakanani bengonyamakazi noma ibhubesi lesilisa kukalwa ngokuma kwezimpawu zokudla kwazo. Njengoba ibhubesi lilidla, kuholela ekuzingeleni, lidle izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Zingaba:
- izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, imidlwane, amadube, izimbungulu, izindlulamithi, imfuyo.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, isilwane sihlasela imvubu noma indlovu encane. Futhi, izingulule ezigulayo, imifino nezingwe kungaba yisisulu sazo.
Ekuzingeleni, izingonyamakazi ziyaphumelela. Bahlukaniswa ubu-dexterity nobukhali. Ukuzingela kunzima kakhulu kwabesilisa ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu ne-mane esindayo. Kodwa-ke, owesilisa udinga ukudla okwengeziwe. Ibhubesi elidala lidla cishe ama-7 kg enyama ngosuku, kanti insikazi idinga kuphela ama-5 kg. Lezi zilwane zithanda ukuzingela ebusuku, zithuke isisulu kuze kufike ebangeni eliphakeme.
Ukuzala amabhubesi
Ukuzalela emabhubesini akuboshelwe esikhathini sonyaka, kepha kuqala ngokuvuthwa. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-6 ubudala nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-4 babhekwa njengabakhulile ocansini.
Abesilisa bavame ukulwela abesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zimpi ziba zimbi kakhulu kuze kube lapho kuncintisana nomuntu ofayo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kulezi zilwane ziyizinsuku ezingama-110. Ngaphambi nje kokuba izalwe, ibhubesi liyashiya ukuqhosha futhi licashe. Ingazala amathole ayi-1-4, osisindo sawo singaphansi kwamakhilogremu amabili. Amawundlu ebhubesi azalwa eyimpumputhe, futhi avula amehlo awo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, umama ushintsha indawo ahlala kuyo kaningana, athathe izingane zakhe naye. Ubambisene nokuzingela, futhi wondla izingane ngobisi. Ukuqeqeshwa kokuzingela abasha kuqala eneminyaka eyi-1.5 izinyanga, khona-ke wonke umndeni ujoyina ukuziqhenya. Ngokuqala kokuzingela, amawundlu ebhubesi adla inyama kancane, yize isikhathi sokuncelisa ubisi sithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Isikhathi sempilo seNgonyama
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile encazelweni yalezi zilwane umbuzo wokuthi ingonyama ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Ukuyiphendula, udinga ukucabanga ngezimo eziningi. Isikhathi esingakanani ibhubesi lihlala kuncike kuzici ezifana:
- Habitat. Izimo zokuphila ezingcono, isikhathi eside. Ukusondela kubantu. Ukusondelana nabantu, ubungozi bokuqothula lezi zilwane futhi bunqamule impilo yabo luyakhula. Izici zokuphila. Abantu abanesizungu baphila okungaphansi kwalabo abaziqhenyayo. UPaul Iminyaka yokuphila kwabantu besifazane isesikhathi eside ukwedlula eyeduna, ngoba iba nengozi encane yokufa ngenkathi ilwa namanye amabhubesi.
Yonke le mibono ithinta impilo yengonyama. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, yiminyaka engama-8-10. Abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14.
Ingakanani impilo yengonyama ethonywe kakhulu ngokuziphatha komuntu. Inomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kunezinye izici. Uma abantu bengafuni ukubhubhisa lezi zilwane, khona-ke isikhathi sokuphila kwabo siyakhuphuka. Imiphumela ephakeme ingatholakala ngokuhlela izimo zokuhlala ezifanele zezilwane, ngokwesibonelo, izindawo zokugcina noma zoos. Kulokhu, amabhubesi angaphila iminyaka engama-20 ngisho engama-25, ngoba abhekwa ngabadokotela bezilwane.
Izinhlobo Zamabhubesi
Ukuthi ingonyama ihlala malini kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zalesi silwane. Kunokubhalwa okuningana kwebhubesi, ngalinye lihlukahluka ezicini ezithile, indawo yokuhlala, izimo zokuphila nesikhathi sayo. Okunye okubhalwe phansi kwalesi silwane sekuvele sekushabalale, abanye sekuyinto yokuqothulwa. Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile ezibangelwa ukuzalaniswa kwamahlosi, izingwe noma izingwe.
Ibhubesi lase-Asia
Ososayensi bakhomba izindlela eziyisishiyagalombili eziyisisekelo, enye yazo ingonyama yase-Asiatic. Elinye igama lezinkampani ezingaphansi kwalo yibhubesi lePersi (noma laseNdiya). Ibhubesi lase-Asia lihlala eningizimu ye-Esasia. Indawo yokuhlala yayo enkulu yiGirsky Reserve esifundeni saseNdiya saseGujarat. Ibhubesi lase-Asia libhekwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kuphawulwa nge-squat. Amadoda angaphezulu kwemitha ukuphakama. Ngenxa yesikebhe esimanzi futhi esingandile, ibhubesi lase-Asia alibonakali likhulu njengabamele abamele izingosi zase-Afrika. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa sisukela ku-160 kuya ku-190 kg, amabhubesi ngokuvamile anesisindo esingu-90-120 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungu-2 - 2,5 m. Ibhubesi lase-Asia elikhulukazi linobude obungu-2.92 m.
Ibhubesi lase-Afrika
Izinhlobo ezisele zitholakala engxenyeni ye-Afrika, ngenxa yokuthi zonke zazo zingabalwa ezinhlotsheni zezingonyama zase-Afrika. Zibonakaliswa yizici ezithile ezijwayelekile, isibonelo, i-dimorphism yezocansi, umbala wejazi, izici zempilo nokuzala, nokunye. Ukwahluka kungaba ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba.
- IBarbary. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kungukukhulu kakhulu. Phambilini bekuzinza kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, kepha manje sekuqediwe ngokuphelele. Abantu besilisa babenesisindo esifinyelela kuma-270 kg, besifazane - bafinyelela ku-170. Okwamanje ezindlini zokugcina izilwane nasezindalini ungabona inzalo yalezi zilwane, kepha azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-purebred.
- I-Senegalese. Lokhu futhi kuyibhubesi lase-Afrika, elihlala entshonalanga yezwekazi. Usayizi walezi zilwanyana mncane, umbala wejazi ulula. Abesilisa cishe abanawo mane, noma mfushane kakhulu. Ungahlangana nabamele balesi sikhala eNigeria, eGuinea naseSenegal. Izingonyama zaseSenegal zibhekwa njengezisengozini.
- AmaCongo aseNyakatho. Kubonakala ngazo zonke izici zangaphandle ezihlukanisa ibhubesi lase-Afrika. Indawo ehlala kuyo yi-savannah enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCongo. Inani lalezi zilwane liyehla kancane kancane.
- IsiMasai. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibizwa nge-East African. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngama-paws amade. I-mane yazo iqondiswe emuva. Ubude bomzimba wesiduna bungamamitha angama-2,5, abesilisa - ama-2.3-2.6 m. Lezi zilwane zihlala e-Uganda, eZambia naseMozambiki. Inani elikhulu lamabhubesi amaMasai atholakala eMasai Mara Nature Reserve eKenya.
- Katanga. Lolu hlobo olusondele ekuqothulweni. Iningi lakhona lihlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika (iZimbabwe, i-Angola). Ngobude, abesilisa abadala bafika ku-3.1 m, izintokazi - 2.65 m.
- ITransvaalsky. Lawa amabhubesi amnyama emnyama. Phakathi kwabamele lolu hlangothi kukhona abantu abasesikhumbeni nasesigqokweni sabo akekho ama-melanocyte. Ngenxa yalokhu, banejazi elimhlophe nesikhumba esipinki. Ibhubesi ngobude lingasukela ku-2.6 kuya ku-3.2 m, libhubesi lebhubesi - 2.35-2.65 m. Amabhubesi ama-Transvaal ahlala eningizimu ye-Afrika (ugwadule lwaseKalahari). Zigcinwa naseKruger National Park.
- Cape. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwabhujiswa ngekhulu le-19. Bahlala eCape of Good Hope (eningizimu ne-Afrika). Ubungqabavu balezi zinhlobo kwakungamathiphu amnyama wezindlebe nokuba khona kwe-mane esiswini nasehlombe.
Lesi sigaba akuyona ukuphela kwaso. Kukhona ezinye lapho ezinye izingxhaso zingangezwa ososayensi.
Izinhlobo ezihehayo
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zinhlobonhlobo zalezi zilwane njengebhubesi lasezintabeni. Ayifani kakhulu nezinye izihlobo zayo, ihluke ngosayizi nendawo yokuhlala. Ingonyama yasezintabeni ivamile eMelika. Umzimba wakhe ubude usukela ku-1 kuye ku-1,8 m, isisindo singafinyelela ku-105 kg. Lokhu kuphansi kakhulu kunezinye izindlela ezingaphansi. Futhi, ibhubesi lasezintabeni alinawo umlungu. Umbala ungahluka kusuka ku-taupe kuya ku-tan.Ama-cougars amancane azalwa enamabala amnyama nemivimbo emzimbeni, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 zokuphila, lezi zimaki ziqala ukubuna. Ingonyama yasezintabeni incamela ukuhlala yodwa. Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokukhwelana nesikhathi sokukhula kwamawundlu.
Okunye okungahle kuthakazelise ingonyama yomhume. Ifakiwe kwezinye izigaba, yize iqiniso lokuthi ibhubesi lomhume luyinyama engasekho, futhi lafa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Ngesikhathi sokuphila, lezi zilwane zazihlala iSiberia neYurophu. Ingonyama yomhume ingenye yezizukulwane zamabhubesi anamuhla. Ibhubesi lomhume laliphakeme ngosayizi ezizukulwaneni zalo. Uma ukholwa ukuthi izithombe zalezi zilwane, zazingenamuntu, noma zazincane kakhulu. Akukaziwa ngqo, kepha kukhona umcabango wokuthi lokhu kuthunyelwa kwezilwane kuhlanganisiwe nakuma-prides.
Naphezu kwegama lawo, ibhubesi lomhume alikaze lihlale emihumeni. Bakhethwa ngabantu asebekhulile nabagulayo ngaphambi nje kokuba bafe, ngoba lapho kutholakala isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke salezi zilwane lapho. Ngakho-ke, ibhubesi lomhume laqanjwa kanjalo. Ibhubesi lomhume lalizingela izinyamazane kanye namabhere. Lesi sayensi sichaza ukuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane. Ngokuqala kokufudumala, inani lamabhere nezinyamazane lehle, nebhubesi lengqondo alizange lithathelwe kokunye ukudla.
Amabhubesi amnyama namhlophe
Ibhubesi liyisilo esinjalo, lapho ungabona khona izici eziningi ezihehayo. Isici esisodwa ukufaka imibala. Okunye ukubekwa ngezigaba kukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezinjengebhubesi elimhlophe nebhubesi elimnyama. Kepha lokhu kuyiphutha. Uma ibhubesi eline-mane emnyama noma emnyama li-subspecies yangempela, khona-ke izilwane ezinombala omhlophe noma omnyama zithathwa njenge-anomaly.
Ngasikhathi sinye, akunakushiwo ukuthi ibhubesi elinombala ongafani nalokhu liyintsomi. Kukhona ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa nge- leukism. Ngenxa yalokho, uboya bezilwane buba mhlophe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwama-melanocyte. Umphumela ukuvela kwesilwane esinjengengonyama emhlophe. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi leli libhubesi le-albino, kepha umbala wamehlo akhe, ongaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma wegolide, usho okuphambene.
Ibhubesi elimhlophe cishe alifani ezimweni zalo kwabanye abamele izinhlobo. Mikhulu ngandlela thile kunayo yonke. Isisindo sazo singafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-310, futhi ubude besidumbu sowesilisa budlula amamitha amathathu. Izinsikazi zezilwane ezinjalo zincipha kancane - amamitha ayi-2.7 Ibhubesi elinezinwele ezimhlophe lishintsha umbala omncane ngesikhathi sokuphila, futhi ngobudala umzimba wakhe uthola umthunzi wophondo lwendlovu.
Ibhubesi elimnyama, ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, alikho emvelweni. Babheka izithombe namavidiyo ezilwane ezinjalo ahlangane nazo kunethiwekhi njengomphumela wokudubula ebumnyameni noma ngokucutshungulwa okukhethekile. Abanye basikisela ukuthi, ngokungafani ne-albino, kunenkinga yokwenziwa kwe-melanism, lapho kuvela khona umbala omningi kakhulu ezinwele zezilwane. Lokhu kungenzeka ngama-jaguars kanye nengwe. Njengomphumela wokuwela, ibhubesi elinomthunzi omnyama wezinwele lingazalwa, kepha lokhu kuyingozi kuphela, ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukwahlukanisa izilwane ezinjalo zibe yizinkampani ezihlukanisiwe.
Amaqiniso athakazelayo ngamabhubesi
- Iningi lokubhalwe phansi kwalesi silwane lisengozini yokuqothulwa, yingakho lifakwa ezimeni zokugcina. Abantu abanemibala emhlophe abayivelakancane ngenxa yengxenye yokuthi kunzima kakhulu kubo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo. Umbala wazo uvimbela ukufihlwa okuvamile.
Lezi zilwane zifanekisela amandla asebukhosini, isibindi, ubukhulu, amandla namandla ezamasiko amaningi.