Izidalwa eziningi eziyimfihlakalo zihlala ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi akunakwenzeka njalo ukutadisha impilo yomuntu. Kubandakanya iconsi lezinhlanzi, ukuvela kwalo kubangela ukwenyanya nokwesabeka. Ungahlangana nalomuntu ongaphansi kwamanzi olwandle kuphela olwandle olukhulu. Izinhlanzi ezilahlayo zihlala kuphela emanzini amnyama olwandle. Okwamanje, lesi sidalwa sidingwa ngenkuthalo ngabasebenza olwandle, kanye nososayensi.
Habitat kanye nezici zokuphila
Ungasithola isidalwa esimangalisa kangako ekujuleni kuka-0,8 kuya ku-1 km e-Indian, Atlantic nasePacific Oceans. Ayikho enye indawo yokuhlala esisunguliwe. Njengoba inhlanzi eyehla, nayo ebizwa nge- marine bull-psychrolute, iphila kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu ukutadisha impilo yayo nokuziphatha kwayo.
Ukudonsa kwenhlanzi okubonakalayo ukuthi izici zayo zokubukeka zingakaqondakali ngokuphelele, kuyaqhubeka ukumangaza abantu. Abaningi banamahloni ngokubukeka okuphikisanayo kwalesi sidalwa, bebheka ukuthi yisiphi esingaqapheli masinyane ukuthi yinhlanzi. Isici esibalulekile sakho ukungabikho kwesikali, amaphiko, ithambo kanye nemisipha.
Yize lesi sidalwa sinamaphiko, mncane kakhulu futhi awukhuliwe kangangokuba akudingekile ukukhuluma ngokubaluleka kokusebenza kwawo. Imali ephezulu yalesi sakhamuzi sokujula kolwandle icishe ingabonakali. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezinqubo ezincane ezilandelanayo, ezikhuluma kahle ngokuphila kokuhlala kwalommeli wasolwandle.
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zasolwandle zizibuza ukuthi, ngesakhiwo somzimba onjalo, ithonsi lamanzi enhlanzi lingamelana kanjani nengcindezi enamandla enamandla. Kepha impendulo yafika yodwa. Kwavela ukuthi ubukhulu bomzimba onjenge-jelly-like walesi sidalwa bacishe balingane nobukhulu bamanzi endawo ahlala kuyo.
Inhlanzi ihamba kalula emfuleni ongaphansi kwamanzi futhi izizwa ikhululekile impela ekujuleni okukhulu futhi ngoba ayinaso isigaxa sokubhukuda esingaqhuma ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.
Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekubukekeni kwempilo yasolwandle. Ngokwesimo sayo, inhlanzi ifana nethonsi, elaliba yisikhathi sokunikeza igama elifanele. Ubukhulu bekhanda lesidalwa buhlala cishe isigamu somzimba. Umsila umfishane, kepha kusele lapho ukuthi khona umsebenzi we-U-Turn. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi le nhlanzi idinga isikhathi esiningi ukushintsha indawo yayo.
Ekucwaningweni, kutholakale ukuthi izinhlanzi ezincane zinombala we-beige okhanyayo, ongafakwa nge-pink tint. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, umbala wempilo yasolwandle uyashintsha. Iba taupe. Isisindo senhlanzi endala eyehla ifinyelela ku-10 kg. Ubude bungaba ngu-70 cm.
Ukusuka kwencazelo yofakazi bokuzibonela nososayensi abakhuluma ngendlela inhlanzi ebukeka ngayo, kwaziwa ukuthi ukubonakala kwalasha okuhlala kwalapho kubangela imizwa engathandeki. Abakubonile kugcizelela ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi phakathi kwamehlo ebanzi nenqubo enjenge-drooping jelly-efana nokufana nokukhala kwempumulo yomuntu.
Ngenxa yalokhu kufana, izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngekhala.
Amehlo amancane “adabukisayo” wesidalwa sasolwandle aklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi abonakale ngokubabazekayo ebumnyameni. Umgodi omkhulu womlomo uboshelwe ngezindebe ezinkulu, ezihanjayo, ezelulwa ngasemaphethelweni. Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi ithonsi lenhlanzi limamatheka ngosizi. Umzimba we-ox-psychrolute ufana nesisindo se-jelly esikhiqizwa yi-bubble yomoya. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubeka inhlanzi endaweni eqinile, umzimba wayo uyakhubazeka, usakaze ngokungananazi kulezi zindlela zombili.
Imikhuba, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla
Isimo esijwayelekile se-ox-psychrolute yindlela yokuphila yokuhlala. Ukungabikho kwemisipha nezinduna ezinwebekayo akuvumeli izinhlanzi ukuba zenze masinyane kwikholamu yamanzi, ngakho-ke, iqhwa ngesikhathi noma emanzini amile ngomlomo ovulekile.
Isakhiwo senhlanzi sivumelaniswa ngokuhlukile nokuphila okujulile. Ngempela, ekujuleni okukhulu, ukuhamba okuyisipesheli akudingi ngempela. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ifreyimu eqinile ayidingeki.
Imfihlakalo yale nhlanzi ukuthi idla izidalwa ezingama-fry nezama-planktonic, zona uqobo zazo zibhukuda emlonyeni ovulekile womuntu ohlala olwandle olujulile.
Kunezikhathi lapho ikhala lithwalwa yikhona liye ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona izinto eziphilayo ze-planktonic. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inhlanzi yalolu hlobo iyafa ngenxa yendlala.
Kwenziwa kanjani kabusha i-ox-psychrolute?
Ngeshwa, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ngokudonsa kwenhlanzi. Izazi zesolwandle zinemininingwane emincane yokuthi ziphila kanjani nokuthi zizalela kanjani. Izazi zesolwandle namanje azazi ukuthi umuntu ukhetha kanjani umlingani wokuphelisa nokuthi isikhathi sokuthandana sihamba kanjani. Kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi inhlanzi elahla ibekela amaqanda phansi olwandle esihlabathini. Njengoba esebeke amaqanda, insikazi yehlela phezu kwayo nomzimba wayo, futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, ibeka amaqanda kuze kuvele uFry.
Izazi zesayensi yolwandle zinentshiseko enkulu yokuthi inhlanzi eyilahla inakekela kanjani inzalo yazo. Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi abazali, kuze kube yilapho izinhlanzi-fry sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, zivikele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-goby-psychrolute ithanda ukuhlala yedwa, futhi empilweni yakhe yonke ayihambi ngomkhumbi ukusuka endaweni ayithandayo phambili kwe-2 km.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ukulahla kwenhlanzi ungummeleli womndeni we-psycholute. Ihla inhlanzi emanzini amnyama eduze naseTasmania, ingatholakala nasolwandle olujulile nezilwandlekazi zezwekazi lase-Australia.
Ngokushesha kufanele enze ukubhuka okuhlangana ithonsi lenhlanzi inhlanhla enkulu, njengoba ifakiwe ohlwini lwabamele i-fauna enganyamalala esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Lo mndeni wezinhlanzi ungowabakhileyo ezansi futhi mhlawumbe ungolunye uhlobo oluxakile emhlabeni wethu.
Alikho ithuba lokuthi umuntu abone le nto eyingqayizivele yemvelo endle, ngoba ukujula kwenhlanzi lapho athanda ukuhlala khona akumvumeli umuntu ukuthi abe yingcindezi enkulu yamanzi. Kepha labo bantu ababenenhlanhla eyanele yokubona izinhlanzi zisondele, bathi ifana nesidalwa esingaziwa.
Umbono wokuqala walabo bantu ababona okokuqala ithonsi lenhlanzi Okunye. Omunye ucabanga ukuthi inhlanzi imbi kabi, othile ukhuluma ngayo njengesidalwa sohlobo oludabukisayo, kepha kothile kumane kubangele ukwenyanya.
Yebo, zihlulele ngokwakho ukuthi ungayithanda kanjani inhlanzi 'enobuso bomuntu' enezindebe eziwugqinsi, indle, impumulo engathandeki namehlo amancane alahlekile “kubuso” obukhulu.
Kafushane nje, Ngabe ubukeka kanjani ithonsi lenhlanzi, lapho-ke singasho ukuthi ukubukeka ngokuphelele kufana nethonsi. Noma, uma ubheka inhlanzi ngephrofayili noma ubuso obugcwele, ke ukubukeka akukubi kangako. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono ushintsha ngokushesha, uma ubheka izinhlanzi ngaphambili, ngokuzithandela ufuna ukumamatheka, noma mhlawumbe uzwele - iNkosi yabonisa ukubukeka okunjalo!
Inhlanzi inenhloko enobukhulu obukhulu, umlomo omkhulu odlulela ngokushelela emzimbeni oyinhloko, amehlo amancane, umsila kanye nokuphuma okuncane okufana nokufana nemithambo.
Njengoba zihlala kusihlwa, futhi ziqhathanisa kahle ebumnyameni, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukwahlukanisa kahle konke okwenzeka endaweni ezikuyo. Amehlo amaConvex awanawo ama-visual acuity, kepha lapho efika ebusweni, ashaya umoya wangempela ngokwezwi lelo gama. Kubonakala kahle ku- izithombeezimelwe izinhlanzi ziyehla ngama-engeli ahlukene.
I-AT incazelo yezinhlanzi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lincane ngosayizi futhi ngisho nomuntu omdala akavamile ukuba ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha. Ngeke futhi aziqhayise ngesisindo ngoba akuvamile ukuthi adlule ebudaleni ngaphezulu kwe-10-12 kg, elincane kakhulu ngezindalo zezidalwa zasolwandle.
Imibala ayisiyonto ephawuleka kakhulu futhi imvamisa inhlanzi idwetshwe ngemibala ebuthuntu onsundu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlanzi ezidwetshwe ngemithunzi ebhangayo yepende epinki.
Ukulahla kwenhlanzi esigabeni sezakhamuzi zasolwandle eziyinqaba kunazo zonke zibamba ngokuzethemba isikhundla sayo ezindaweni zokuqala isikhathi eside impela. Bukela i isithombe sezinhlanzi, ungabheka zonke izinhlobo zale nkunzi-psychrolute, futhi yindlela igama lesibili lalesi sidalwa elizwakala ngayo.
Yize abantu abaningi ezwenikazi lase-Asia bezishayela ucingo ithonsi lenhlanzi - inkosi inhlanzi, kepha akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yaleli gama. Mhlawumbe izakhamizi zasogwini, sezake zabamba isidalwa sasolwandle esingajwayelekile, sanquma ukuyinika igama elihle kangako ngandlela thile ukuhlekisa ngenhlanzi edabukisayo.
Izinhlanzi ezifashisayo zithanda ukuba seduze kwesisekelo esingaphansi ngakho-ke ziphila ekujuleni kusuka kumamitha angama-800 kuye kwangama-1500. Ukucindezela kwekholomu lamanzi ekujuleni okunjalo kuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-80 kunokucindezela kwengqimba yamanzi etholakala ngaphezu kobuso.
Ukusinda ezimweni ezinjalo ezinzima akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Kepha ithonsi lezinhlanzi lizizwa lilikhulu ezimeni ezinjalo, ngoba umzimba womuntu owakhekayo olwandle umelela uhlobo lwento enamanzi, kanti nobuningi bento le bungaphansi komoya obucayi.
Uxolo ngokuqhathanisa okungapheli lokhu, kepha lokhu inhlanzi yehla emanzini esithile sikhumbuza i-aspic. Yize kungukugcwaliswa okungaphakathi kwalokhu okukuvumela ukuthi "ndikhuphuke" ngokweqile ngaphezulu phansi.
Umuthi we-gelatinous ukhiqiza i-bubble yomoya, enokwehla esakhiweni sayo. Kepha le nhlanzi ayinaso isigaxa sokubhukuda, ngoba ekujuleni okunjalo imane iqhume, ingakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi enamandla yekholamu yamanzi.
Ukuntuleka kwemisipha enhlanzini kungenzeka ukuthi kube ngaphezulu kokususa. Okokuqala, ukwakheka okunjalo kwenza ukuthi kungabi namandla okusebenzisa ngokuphelele ukunyakaza, futhi okwesibili, inhlanzi igwinya yonke into ebhukuda idlule emlonyeni wakhe, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukhethekile.
Kwanele ngaye ukuvula umlomo wakhe omkhulu kunokuba alale phansi, aphumule futhi ngalesi sikhathi agcwalise isisu ngokudla. Kakhulu ekudleni kwasemini, ithonsi lezinhlanzi likhetha i-shellfish nama-crustaceans.
Isimo esiyingqayizivele salaba bameleli besigaba sezinhlanzi ukuthi baswele imfanelo esemqoka yezinhlanzi - izikali, kanti namaphiko luhlobo lokufana, ngaphandle kwezindlela ezihlukile.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila kwezinhlanzi yehla
Noma uphonsa inhlanzi Sekuyisikhathi eside kujwayelekile kubantu, kepha kufundwe okuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke indaba yendlela yokuphila nomlingiswa izoba incane. Amaqiniso Ahehayoefakiwe cishe ngethonsi lezinhlanzi: Ososayensi muva nje basungule iqiniso elithokozisayo kusuka empilweni yomhlali wasolwandle “odabukisayo,” futhi le nhlanzi ingumzali okhathalela kakhulu.
Uyakwazi ukuzungeza inzalo yakhe ngokunakekela, futhi uthinta kakhulu. Abazali bafihla uMalkov ukuze kungabikho muntu ongabathola futhi abalimaze. Bahlala nezingane zize zikhule.
Le nhlanzi cishe ayisona isidlo se-gourmet, kepha abantu emazweni ase-Asia bayacabanga ithonsi lenhlanzi izibiliboco, kepha izakhamizi zamazwe aseYurophu azizibeki lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi njengokuzijabulisa okujabulisa kakhulu.
Ukudla Kwezinhlanzi Zokudla
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithandekayo, esingavumeli ukuthuthukisa isivinini esihle, izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi azikwazi ukukhokha ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zokudla ziyehla liqukethe izitsha eziyinqaba ikakhulukazi ze-plankton.
Yize, selivulile umlomo, okuyinto, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, ebukhulu obukhulu, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukugwinya izidalwa zangaphakathi ezibhukuda.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iconsi lezinhlanzi lihlala ekujuleni okukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezolile futhi linakekela ngokucophelela inzalo yalo, inani laso liyancipha minyaka yonke.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi izinhlanzi ezidonsayo azinazo izitha zasolwandle ezisongela impilo yakho. Isitha sakhe kuphela esingabhekwa njengomuntu. Nguye oyibambayo, anciphise inani labameleli abangajwayelekile bolwandle. Ibanjwa ngamanetha ngengozi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlanzi ezidonsayo ziwela emanethini abadobi kanye nama-squid nama-lobster ngenxa yokuhamba kwabo kancane, okungabavumeli ukuba basheshe baphume engozini.
Usongo empilweni yabantu abanjalo abangajwayelekile lwenziwa nangamagagasi ajulile, aphonsa impilo yasolwandle kalula.
Izazi zesolwandle, zisebenzisa imishini yesimanjemanje, zithole ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi ezilahlayo lihlala lincipha. Eminyakeni engu-2 edlule, inani lezinhlanzi lehle ngezikhathi ezingama-2-3 uma liqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule. Izazi ze-Oceanologists zikhala nge-alamu, ngoba ukubuyela ebuningini obudlule kulezi zinhlanzi, kuzothatha iminyaka eyi-10 (yize iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zingaphila iminyaka eyi-14 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle).
Ukusakazeka kanye nokuphila kwempilo yamaconsi ezinhlanzi
Kwabasosayensi emhlabeni wonke, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo - ukukhiqizwa kwale nhlobo yezinhlanzi. Izazi zesolwandle azazi ukuthi le nhlanzi imfuna kanjani umlingani wayo ukuze izale, ukuthi isikhathi sokuthandana sihamba kanjani nokuthi ngabe sikhona nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izinhlanzi ziphuma ngqo ezingxenyeni ezinesihlabathi ezisendaweni ephansi yolwandle.
Lapho amaqanda ewela phansi, inhlanzi ibeka kuwo umzimba wawo wonke futhi ayishiyi indawo “yokuqhekeka” kuze kube yilapho abamele abancane kulokhu bezalwa.
Ukukhula abasebasha kungaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabazali kuze kube iminyaka evumela ukuthi wena uphile impilo ezimele. Ngokwemvelo, njengoba ososayensi besikisela, ukwehla kungumzwangedwa futhi cishe akukaze kushiye ukujula kwesithandwa sakhe nengxenye yekhilomitha.
Cishe kuzoba nezitha ezimbalwa kulomuntu ohlala olwandle olungejwayelekile, kepha enye eyingozi kunazo zonke umuntu. Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo busondela ngokuqinile kumaphoyinti abucayi futhi konke ngoba lapho kudotshwa umhlume kanye nama-lobster, abadobi bakhipha izinhlanzi eziningi ngamanetha, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuwa.
Ochwepheshe benza ukubala, umphumela walesi sibalo uyiziphetho ezisho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuphinda kabili izinkomba zamanje zamanzi ezinhlanzi hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwengama-10.
Yize abagxeki beqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuzodinga isikhathi esithe xaxa. Kule minyaka yethu yolwazi nokwazi konke, izidalwa ezigcwele izimfihlakalo zisasekhona emhlabeni, futhi ngokuqiniseka okunjalo kungashiwo ukuthi ithonsi lenhlanzi.
Ngabe kudliwa inhlanzi edonsa?
Umbuzo uwukuthi, ithonsi lenhlanzi liyadliwa noma cha, liyathakazelisa kubathandi abaningi bezidlela zokudla okuphuzekile. Ucwaningo lwezitsha zenhlanzi ezinikezwa yi-cuisine yaseYurophu libonisa ukuthi abaseYurophu abayidli le nhlanzi. AbaseYurophu banezizathu eziningi zokuntuleka kwesifiso sale nhlanzi: okokuqala, lokhu kuwukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, kanti okwesibili, lokhu ukubukeka kubangela ukwesaba nokukhungatheka kwabaningi.
Abantu baseJapan nabaseShayina baphatha kabi izinhlanzi zangaphansi. Ubheka inyama yenhliziyo-ye-psychrolute njenge okumnandi. I-cuisine yabo inikeza abathandi benyama enhlanzi emnandi izitsha eziningi ezihlukile ezivela kulempilo yasolwandle.
Izakhamizi zamazwe ase-Asia azinendaba nhlobo nokusetshenziswa kwe-psych -ute yokudla ekudleni.
Izindawo zokudlela zakwamanye amazwe kwesinye isikhathi zinikeza izinhlanzi ezinjalo kubathandi bamanye amazwe. Futhi into ethokozisayo ukuthi, izitsha zenhlanzi eziphonswayo zenani ngamakhulu amadola.
Isimo sokuthi abasebenzisi bamanethiwekhi wokuxhumana nabantu abelwe i-inkunzi-psycholute
Isimo sokuhlala olwandle olubi kunakho konke sanikezwa izinhlanzi ezichazwe abasebenzisi bezinkundla zokuxhumana. Ukuvota kwenziwa ngumphakathi waseBrithani, obekuyisikhathi eside ufuna abamele "bamamatheke" bezilwandle nolwandle. Inhlanzi eyehlayo yathola amavoti angaphezu kuka-10,000 ngenxa yocwaningo olwenziwe online. Abasebenzisi be-Intanethi bambiza ngokuthi umhlali wasemanzini omubi kunabo bonke. Ngemuva kwale voti, ososayensi nodokotela basolwandle baqala ukutadisha lesi sidalwa.
Kube nemizamo eminingi yokugcina izinhlanzi ekhaya ezindaweni zasemanzini, ukudala amachibi okufakwayo ukuze zikhiqizwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezimo zokuhlala zemvelo, imizamo yokuzalanisa okwenziwe ngembaba yayihlala iphelela ukwehluleka kwe-ox-psychrolute. Ngakho-ke, ukulahla kwezithombe zezinhlanzi namuhla ezitholakala kwi-Intanethi, akuqukethe ezitolo zokugcina.Izazi zesolwandle manje zizama ukuthola ukuthi le nhlanzi igcwalise kanjani isithombe saso esizothakazelisa wonke umuntu.
Izifundo zesikhathi eside zokuthi inhlanzi ibukeka kanjani, ukwehla kwesithombe emanzini okunikezwa amasayithi ahlukahlukene, noma kunjalo kwaphoqa ososayensi ukuthi bakhombe le phenotype futhi bahlukanise impilo yasolwandle njengomndeni wabanengqondo. Izinhlanzi ezilahliwe zabelwa isigaba senhlanzi enamathambo, enjenge-ray, enjenge-scorpenoid.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-sock
- Ngokokuqala ngqa, incazelo eyandisiwe yezinhlanzi ezidonsa yavela ngo-1926 lapho ifika kubadobi base-Australia. Ngemuva kwalokho abase-Australia banikeza inhlanzi eyingqayizivele kososayensi, abayinikeza isimilo esingachazeki. Kusukela lapho, abantu base-Australia kanye nezakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe sebeyekile ukukhombisa intshisekelo kuye. Futhi umuntu ohlala olwandle uqobo wayengafisi ukungena etafuleni lasekhishini, ngakho-ke akutholi ukuthi wayezithola enetheni labadobi.
- Ngokucabanga ngalesi sidalwa sasolwandle, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi izinhlanzi ziyimbangela yamaqiniso aphuma empilweni abaningi abamangazayo, esikhathini esedlule bekubonakala ngendlela ejwayelekile ngathi. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esishisayo, bekufanele azivumelanise nezimo zokuphila kolwandle olujulile. Inhlanzi ivele kakhulu futhi yathola nesakhiwo se-gelatinous esivumela ukuthi ihlale ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kakhulu.
- Kubantu abaningi, kusaqondakala ukuthi impilo yasolwandle inakho “ukubukeka kobuso” okungajabulisi futhi okubuhlungu. Ososayensi bachaza le nto ngokuthi kube khona indawo enendawo ethile yesidalwa, ubukhulu baso bukhulu kunobubanzi beso.
- Ngenxa yokubukeka "kokuhlupheka" kwayo, i-fish-of-fish idla ukukhunjulwa kumapharishi, amahlaya, kanye nezikhumbuzo zanamuhla. Isidalwa esihlukile sitholakala emisebenzini yobuciko. Ngakho-ke, kwifilimu efakiwe "Amadoda eBlack-3", umhlali wasolwandle "odabukisayo wethulwa endaweni yokudlela enezidalwa ezisuka kwamanye amazwe futhi enguqulweni yaseRussia usho igama elithi:" Ay. "
- Inhlanzi ezilahlayo yaduma ngenxa yokuthi yabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yeNhlangano Yezokuvikelwa Kwezilwane Zase-Ugly. Njengoba esethole amavoti angama-10,000, waqashelwa njengoMascot weNhlangano. Ekwenzeni umncintiswano, umethuli we-TV nososayensi wezinto eziphilayo uSimon Watt uzibekele umgomo wokuheha ukunaka kwabantu ngokufanele kwizidalwa ezimbi nokuvikelwa kwazo. Kanye ne-bull-psycholute, ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo eziningi zancintisana ngokubukeka okungekuhle (izintwala ze-pubic, ixoxo lamanzi elivela eLake Titicaca, elidume ngokuthi "i-scrotum yamanzi", kanye nemonkey monkey. Kodwa-ke, ukunqotshwa okungenamkhawulo kwamukelwa yokwehla kwenhlanzi, incazelo yokubukeka okwesabekayo okuholela wonke umuntu ekumangele. Ukunqoba emncintiswaneni walesi sidalwa sasolwandle kumenyezelwe kakhulu emcimbini weBritish Science Festival eNewcastle.
Ukulahla kwezinhlanzi kobufakazi bokuthi izinhlobo ezingavamile zempilo yasolwandle zisengozini
Namuhla, izazi zasolwandle zinaka ngokukhethekile esifundweni sezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi ogwini lwase-Australia. Okwamanje, kuboshwe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-42, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi nezinambuzane. Kunezinhlobo ezintsha ngokuphelele kulolu hlu, ucwaningo lwazo okusamele kwenziwe ososayensi. Ukutholwa okuyingqayizivele kwakuyinhlanzi eyinhlanzi, eyanikezwa ngonyaka ka-2013 isimo sesidalwa esibi kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Iminyaka eminingana yokubheka okuqhubekayo kwezinhlanzi ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile, okutholakale ogwini lwase-Australia naseTasmania, kukhombise ukuqothulwa okusheshayo kohlobo lwe-phenotype.
Izazi zesolwandle zikhathazekile ukubika ukuthi, yize iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zihlala zijule ngokwanele, ngumuntu obeka ingozi enkulu kuzo. Esezandleni zakhe, inhlanzi ihambisana nama-lobster kanye namkhaza, ezihlala zibanjwa ngamanetha e-trawl. Ukudumazeka kungabizwa nangokuthi iqiniso lokuthi emanzini aseNew Zealand nase-Australia, ijubane lokukhiqizwa kokudla kwasolwandle liyanda minyaka yonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sidalwa esiyingqayizivele siyabonakala ngokwengeziwe kumanethiwekhi ama-angler.
Ukufingqa
Manje usuyazi ukuthi kuyini inhlanzi edonsayo futhi yini ehlukanisa yona ngokungafani nezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle. Uthole nokuthi inhlanzi ihlala kuphi nokuthi ihlala malini.
Ucwaningo olunzulu lwempilo yezakhamuzi zasolwandle olujulile, besebenzisa izinhlanzi ezidonsayo njengesibonelo, lwenza ososayensi baqonde ukuthi izidalwa eziphilayo zikwazi kanjani ukusinda ezimeni zokucindezela okukhulu, ukubanda kakhulu nokuntuleka kwemithombo yokudla.
Ukufundwa kwezinhlanzi ezidonswayo kwenza ukuba kwasho ukuthi isakhiwo se-jelly esinjengomzimba walesi sakhamuzi sombuso wamanzi ojulile siyakuvumela ukuba ibhekane nengcindezi enamandla yamandla, ephindwe izikhathi eziphindwe kaningi kunezinkomba zokucindezela ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi eyehlayo kusikisela ukuthi ezingxenyeni ezijulile zolwandle le nhlanzi intofontofo kakhulu futhi inendlela yokuphila yokuhlala engaphikisani nezimo lapho i-goby-psychrolute ihlala khona. Ekuzingeleni, ithonsi lezinhlanzi lanele ukugoba kule nkambo ngomlomo ovulekile bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho inyamazane ngokwayo ibhukuda igibe elibizwa ngokuthi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela kwezinhlanzi ziyithontshi lamaqiniso athakazelisayo wezinhlanzi ahlala ezimangaza njalo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko womuntu ukuvikela ama-gobies-psychrolyte. Yize kunjalo, ziwuphawu lobuhle bendawo yonke.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Phonsa izinhlanzi emanzini
Njengoba sekushiwo, uphonsa inhlanzi ungelinye lamalungu omndeni we-psycholute. Amanye amagama yi-psychrolute noma i-Australia goby. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-iconsi ngoba ifana nesimo sayo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibukeka njengento enamafutha.
Kuze kube muva nje, kuncane okwaziwa ngale nhlanzi eyingqayizivele. Yaqala ukubanjwa ngabadobi eduze nesiqhingi sase-Australia iTasmania ngo-1926. Izinhlanzi zabamba inzalo emangalisayo, futhi abadobi bathatha isinqumo sokuyidlulisela kososayensi ukuze bayihlolisise kahle. Ngakho-ke, inhlanzi yahlukaniswa futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana ikhohliwe ngokuphelele, ayifundwanga kahle.
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi - amaconsi
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esithandekayo, esingavumeli ukuthuthukisa isivinini esihle, izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi azikwazi ukukhokha ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukondliwa kwezinhlanzi - amaconsi aqukethe izitsha eziyinyumba ikakhulukazi ngeplankton.
Yize, sekuvule umlomo, okuyinto, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, engubukhulu obukhulu, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukugwinya izidalwa zangaphakathi ezidlula ngendlela
Umlando womsuka
I-Fish Drop ibhekisela ku-subspecies ye-psycholute. Inamanye amagama - i-Australia goby noma i-psychrolute.
Ukubukeka kwehla kufana nento efana nejelly, ngenxa yalokhu yathola igama elifanayo lesidlaliso. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala ngempilo yasolwandle kwavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngonyaka we-1926.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abadobi base-Australia babamba isidalwa esingaziwa futhi esingajwayelekile ngasogwini lwaseTasmania. Inhlanzi engaziwa idonsela ukunaka kwabantu, ngakho-ke banquma ukudlulisela isidalwa ososayensi ukuze basenzele isifundo esinemininingwane.
Kamuva nje, kwasungulwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe, noma kunjalo, zonke izifundo zaphela lapho. Ukuhamba kwe-Australia akugcinanga kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ngumuntu ohlala olwandle.
Enye yezizathu zokumisa ukuhlolwa kwaba ukujula okukhulu kwendawo yezinhlanzi. Ukutadisha indlela aphila ngayo nemikhuba yakhe bekungenakwenzeka ngecebo elalisetshenziswa eminyakeni eyedlule.
Izakhamizi ezingajwayelekile zasolwandle ziye zatholakala kaningi ogwini lwase-Australia. Kodwa-ke, bonke abantu babefile futhi babengenasisekelo ngocwaningo lwesayensi. Futhi kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho kuvela amathuluzi asezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi asezingeni eliphansi, wawukwazi ukubamba isampula ebukhoma.
Namuhla, izinhlanzi zifundwe ngemininingwane eminingi, kodwa futhi hhayi ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu bathanda indlela yokuphila enesizungu futhi bayivelakancane emizimbeni yamanzi.
Izici Zokubonakala
Ukubukeka kuyisici esiyinhloko senkunzi yase-Australia. Ngendlela yayo, ibukeka njengethonsi, futhi ukuthungwa komzimba wayo kufana nejelly. Omunye uqhathanisa ubuso bomuzi wasemanzini ne-physiognomy edabukisayo yabantu. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala: izihlathi ezibandayo, amakhona omlomo phansi, ikhala eligobekile. Ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi kuyacasula futhi kudangele.
Umbala womzimba wakhe uncike ekujuleni kwendawo yokuhlala nezimpawu zamanzi olwandle:
Ikhanda leDrop likhulu, ngokushesha lingena emzimbeni. Amehlo akhe mancane futhi awasho lutho. Ubungako bokuhlala buyahluka ngobudala. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinkomba zifinyelela ku-50-60 cm. Isisindo - kufika ku-15 kg. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle, i-Australia carp ibhekwa njengesidalwa esincane. Akanasikali esikhaleni nomsipha. Umzimba wonke uyisisindo esinjenge-jelly.
Ukuqina komzimba ofanayo kukhiqizwa ngenxa yokubhamuza komoya onenkunzi yase-Australia. Enye yezinto eziphambili zokuhlukanisa i-Drop ukungabi bikho kwesiteji sokubhukuda, izinhlanzi eziningi ezinazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlala ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho kunengcindezi enkulu yamanzi olwandle. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinje, isinye sebhadi lokubhukuda lingaqhuma.
I-Dragon Fish (Grammatostomias flagellibarba)
Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi zodrako ojulile aluhambelani ngokuphelele nokuqina kwawo. Lezi zilwane ezidla izindwani, ezifinyelela kubude obungadluli amasentimitha ayi-15, zingadla inyamazane kabili, noma iphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bayo. Izinhlanzi zedrako zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi Lomhlaba ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2000. Inhlanzi inekhanda nomlomo omkhulu, ifakwe amazinyo amaningi abukhali. NjengeHawliod, inhlanzi kadrako inezithiyo zayo zokuphamba, ezisebenza njengemadevu ende ene-Photophore ekugcineni, ebekwe esilevini senhlanzi. Isimiso sokuzingela sifana nesabo bonke abantu basolwandle olujulile. Isebenzisa i-photophore, inyamazane ibeka isisulu ibanga eliseduze kakhulu, bese kuthi ngokunyakaza okubukhali ikhiphe ukuluma okubulalayo.
Izici zamandla
Ukuphila i-carp yase-Australia ekujuleni okukhulu kunzima impela. Lapha ngeke uthole inala yezidalwa eziphilayo zokudla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yombono wayo omuhle kakhulu futhi omnyama wokuguqulwa, i-Carp fish ingabona izinhlanzi ezincane.
Ukudla kuvame ukufaka ama-invertebrates amancane, atholakala ekujuleni kolwandle. Umhlali ongajwayelekile akakwazi ukubala inyamazane enkulu. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesisindo semisipha, akakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi enze konke kancane kancane.
Inqubo yokuthola ukudla imi ngale ndlela elandelayo: Ithonsi lisendaweni eyodwa, livula umlomo kakhulu lilinde ukudla kwalo. Kodwa-ke, akaphumeleli njalo ekufezeni uhlelo lakhe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezidalwa eziphilayo ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-carp yase-Australia ivame ukungondleki futhi ihlale ilambile.
Indlela yokuphila nomlingiswa
Ithonsi liyisidalwa esingaqondakali. Naphezu kwenqubekela phambili yesayensi, usalokhu eyisidalwa esingafundwanga ngokugcwele. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yakhe nemikhuba yakhe. Ososayensi bafundile ukuthi ithonsi lihamba kancane, ngenxa yomzimba onjengejelly, lingakwazi ukuhlala emanzini ngokuqiniseka futhi lilinde isikhathi eside ukuthi liphange ngokudla kwalo.
Iminyaka yokuphila kwenkunzi yase-Australia isukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-14. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomba azincikile kokudla kanye nokuhamba kancane. Isici esinqumayo lapha yinhlanhla. Ama-angler amaningi adla ama-Drop, ngakho-ke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi angangena enetheni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke lowo muntu umiselwe ukufa.
Umhlali wasolwandle ongajwayelekile ukhetha ukuchitha isikhathi eyedwa. Ziphinda zihlangane kuphela esimweni sokuzala, bese ziphinda zihlakazeka zodwa. Izinhlanzi azivami ukushiya indawo yazo eziyithandayo; azithandi ukungakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-600 m emanzini.
Ngokusho kososayensi, uhlobo lwenhlanzi luyinto ebusayo futhi indlela yokuphila ihamba kancane. Kungemva kokuzalela kuphela lapho owesilisa lowesifazane eqala ukuhamba kakhulu futhi anakekele inzalo yakhe.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Izici eziningi zalolu hlobo zezilwane azaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Inhlanzi elahla kanjani ifuna umlingani? Ngabe lezi zinhlanzi zinesiko lokuguga, futhi uma kunjalo, yini? Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka kanjani futhi izinhlanzi zizilungiselela kanjani ukuqhuma emva kwayo? Azikho izimpendulo ezitholakele kule mibuzo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kodwa-ke, nokho, okuthile mayelana nokuzalelwa kwezinhlanzi ezi-drop, noma kunjalo, kwaziwa ngenxa yocwaningo lososayensi.
Inhlanzi elahla insikazi ibekela amaqanda emigodini engaphansi, elele ekujuleni lapho kuhlala khona yena uqobo. Futhi emva kokuba amaqanda ebekile, “alala” phezu kwawo futhi awabambe ngokoqobo, njengenkukhu ehleli emaqanda, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kuvikela izingozi ezingaba khona. Esidlekeni, kudonswa izinhlanzi zowesifazane kuze kube yilapho uFry eqhamuka emaqanda. Kepha ngisho nangemva kwalokhu, umama unakekela inzalo yakhe isikhathi eside.
Kuyasiza i-fry ukuphatha umhlaba omusha wolwandle omkhulu kangako futhi ongavikelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ekuqaleni wonke umndeni awuhlali kude emehlweni wokuzihlola kanye nezinyamazane ezingaba khona, ushiye izingxenye ezithule kakhulu nezolile zamanzi ajulile. Ukugada kwabesifazane enhlanzini yalolu hlobo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho inzalo esekhulile izimela ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaconsi akhule izinhlanzi asakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile ngokulandelana, ngokunokwenzeka, angaphinde ahlangane nezinye izihlobo zawo eziseduzane.
Emuva kokuqukethwe
Izitha Zamadonsi Ezinhlanzi
Izitha zemvelo ze-carp nazo bezingaqondakali ngokuphelele. Esigodini esijulile akukho izakhamizi eziningi, lokhu kwenza ukuthi ucwaningo lusebenze nzima. Ngokusho kososayensi, ingozi yezinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile izinyamazane ezingabonakala ekujuleni okukhulu.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Kodwa-ke, isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke zokudoba izinhlanzi ngumuntu obamba abantu abadala futhi aholele ekufeni kwezinhlobo ezingandile. Kwamanye amazwe, inyama yeDrop ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi, ngakho-ke ithungathwa ngenkani ngabadobi abathile. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwezitha zemvelo, inani le-carp lase-Australia liyancipha minyaka yonke.
Izici ezilandelayo zithonya lokhu:
- Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwemishini yokudoba.
- Ukwanda kokudoba.
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle. Yonke imfucumfucu ephonswa olwandle, ekugcineni ifinyelele phansi futhi iphazamise ubukhona obujwayelekile bezinhlanzi.
Kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwengama-60 ukwandisa inani labantu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yeka ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kweDrophu. Namuhla, kunqatshelwe okhethekile ekubambeni i-carp. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akubavimbeli abazingeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi zigcina ngokungahleliwe emanetheni okudoba lapho abantu bezama ukubamba ama-squid. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ushona ngokushesha ngokwanele.
I-Giant squid (i-Architeuthis dux)
I-squid enkulu eyindida, eyaziwa yisayensi njenge-Architeutis Dux, iyimollusk enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi kufanele ifinyelele kubude bamamitha ayi-18 futhi inesisindo sengxenye yamathani. Okwamanje, i-squid enkulu ephilayo ayikangeni ezandleni zabantu. Kuze kube ngu-2004, azange kube namacala abhaliwe okuhlangana nesidlakudla esiphilayo, futhi umbono ojwayelekile walezi zidalwa ongaqondakali wenziwa kuphela izinsalela ezigezwe ogwini noma ezitholakala enetheni labadobi. I-Architeutis ihlala ekujuleni kwe-1 kilomitha kuwo wonke amalwandle. Ngaphezu kosayizi obukhulu, lezi zidalwa zinamandla amakhulu, phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo, amehlo (afinyelela ku-30 amasentimitha).
Ngakho-ke ngo-1887, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke engamamitha ayi-17,4 yaphonswa ogwini lwaseNew Zealand. Ngekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo, kuphela abemeleli abathathu abafile be-squid abakhulu abatholwe - amamitha ayi-9.2 no-8.6. Ngo-2006, usosayensi waseJapan, uTsunemi Kuboder, wakwazi ukuthwebula ikhamera isalukazi esingamamitha ayi-7 ubude endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-600. Isikwele sakhangwa ngensimbi nge squid esincane sokudunwa, kepha umzamo wokuletha umuntu ophilayo emkhunjini awuphumelelanga - isikwati sashona ngenxa yokulimala okuningi.
Ama-squid ama-Giant angabadli abayingozi, futhi okuwukuphela kwesitha sabo semvelo yimikhomo yabantu abadala. Kunezimo okungenani ezimbili ezichaziwe zokulwa kwe-squid ne-sperm whale.Kowokuqala, umkhomo wesidoda wawina, kodwa ngokushesha washona, wagcwala izimbotshana ezinkulu zenkawu. Impi yesibili yenzeka ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, lapho-ke isikhulu esikhulu salwa nenkonyane yomhlume, kwathi ngemuva kwehora nesigamu impi yabulala umkhomo.
Ukudla
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emazweni amaningi iDrop ibizwa ngokuthi isakhamuzi sase-Marine esingafinyeleleki khona, eJapan nakwezinye izindawo zase-Asia kuthathwa njengokudla okumnandi ngempela.
Ezinye izitsha zilungisiwe kusuka ku-carp yase-Australia, izindleko zazo ezinyuka kaningana ngokuqhathaniswa nezibiliboco ezijwayelekile nezendabuko. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-fillet yezinhlanzi iqukethe ama-macronutrients amaningi kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezinomphumela omuhle emzimbeni.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, emazweni amaningi athuthukile lolu hlobo lubizwa lungabekezeleleki futhi aluthatheki ngokupheka.
Incazelo ye-Fish Drops
Ilahla inhlanzi - owakhile olwandle olujulile oluhola indlela yokuphila ephansi. Ungowomndeni we-psycholute futhi ubhekwa njengenye yezidalwa ezimangalisa kakhulu ezihlala eMhlabeni. Ukubukeka kwakhe kubukeka njengento edabukisayo kubantu kangangoba abaningi babo babheka ukulahla njengento enengekayo kunazo zonke izidalwa ezihlala olwandle.
Ukusakazeka kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinhlanzi - amaconsi
Kwabasosayensi emhlabeni wonke, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo - ukukhiqizwa kwale nhlobo yezinhlanzi. Izazi zesolwandle azazi ukuthi le nhlanzi imfuna kanjani umlingani wayo ukuze izale, ukuthi isikhathi sokuthandana sihamba kanjani nokuthi ngabe sikhona nhlobo.
Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izinhlanzi ziphuma ngqo ezingxenyeni ezinesihlabathi ezisendaweni ephansi yolwandle. Lapho amaqanda ewela phansi, inhlanzi ibeka kuwo umzimba wawo wonke futhi ayishiyi indawo “yokuqhekeka” kuze kube yilapho abamele abancane kulokhu bezalwa.
Ukukhula abasebasha kungaphansi kokunakekelwa kwabazali kuze kube iminyaka evumela ukuthi wena uphile impilo ezimele. Ngokwemvelo, njengoba ososayensi besikisela, ukwehla kungumzwangedwa futhi cishe akukaze kushiye ukujula kwesithandwa sakhe nengxenye yekhilomitha.
Cishe kuzoba nezitha ezimbalwa kulomuntu ohlala olwandle olungejwayelekile, kepha enye eyingozi kunazo zonke umuntu. Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo busondela ngokuqinile kumaphoyinti abucayi futhi konke ngoba lapho kudotshwa umhlume kanye nama-lobster, abadobi bakhipha izinhlanzi eziningi ngamanetha, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuwa.
Ochwepheshe benza ukubala, umphumela walesi sibalo uyiziphetho ezisho ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ukuphinda kabili izinkomba zamanje zamanzi ezinhlanzi hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwengama-10. Yize abagxeki beqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuzodinga isikhathi esithe xaxa. Esikhathini sethu seminyaka yolwazi nobukhona, izidalwa ezigcwele izimfihlakalo zisasekhona emhlabeni, nezinhlanzi - ithonsi lingabikwa ngokuphepha ngalokho.
Ividiyo: I-Fish Drop
Ukujula okukhulu ahlala khona kufanele kusolwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungelula ukuba ngitadishe imikhuba yayo nemisebenzi yayo ebalulekile ezimweni zemvelo. Kusondele engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili lapho ukusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi yolwandle olujulile kwenzeka.
Isidalwa esingajwayelekile satholakala nasogwini lwase-Australia nase-Indonesia, abantu ababesivele beshonile, ngakho-ke babengenasifiso sokucwaninga ngesayensi. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, sibonga ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, abadobi abasebenza ngokudoba bakwazile ukubamba uhlobo oluthile lokuphila.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi le nhlanzi isalokhu iyimfihlakalo ngezindlela eziningi, yonke imikhuba yayo nendlela yayo yokuphila akuqondakali kahle, ngoba ukhetha indlela yokuphila ecashile, efihlekile, iyivelakancane futhi isezingeni elikhulu.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi edonsayo?
Ukubonakala kwale nhlanzi ejulile olwandle yiphip yayo, ngoba umane angalibaleki. Ukumbona kanye, ngeke uhlale unganendaba. Ngokwesimo, ifana ngempela nethonsi, futhi ukungaguquguquki kwenhlanzi kufana ne-jelly-like. Ngasohlangothini, inhlanzi ibukeka icishe ijwayelekile, kepha ebusweni imane nje ihlukile. Ubuso bakhe bufana nobuso bomuntu obunezihlathi ezivuthayo, umlomo odabukisayo ongadabuki nekhala elithambile. Phambi kwenhlanzi kunenqubo ehambisana nekhala lomuntu. Inhlanzi ibukeka idangele kakhulu futhi icasukile.
Umbala wale nhlanzi uhlukile, kuye ngemibala yaphansi endaweni yokuhlala kwayo, ngakho-ke kuyenzeka:
- opinki okhanyayo,
- nsundu okhanyayo,
- nsundu.
Ikhanda lezinhlanzi lingobukhulu obukhulu, lidlulela emzimbeni omncane. Umlomo mkhulu, unezindebe eziwugqinsi. Amehlo mancane, awathengi (uma uwubheka hhayi ngokujula). Inhlanzi uqobo lwayo icishe ibe yingxenye yemitha, inesisindo esingu-10 - 12 kg. Ngezikhala zasolwandle, kubhekwa njengento encane kakhulu. Isikali emzimbeni wezinhlanzi asibhekwa, kungashiwo okufanayo ngesisindo semisipha, ngakho-ke kubukeka njengejelly noma jelly.
Umuthi we-gelatinous ukhiqizwa i-bubble yomoya enenhlanzi le eyisimangaliso. Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi ayinayo isigaxa sokubhukuda, njengezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. I-drop inazo zonke izici ezimangalisayo ngenxa yendawo yayo ekujuleni okukhulu, lapho kunengcindezi enkulu kakhulu yamanzi. Isigaxa sokubhukuda besingayimi bese siqhekeka.
Ihlala kuphi ithonsi lenhlanzi?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ezidonsa ngokudabukisayo
Ithonsi lezinhlanzi libonisa indlela yokuphila eseduze. Umzimba wakhe wonke ongajwayelekile wenzelwe ukuzizwa umnandi ekujuleni okukhulu. Uhlala olwandle lwePacific, Atlantic and Indian, ngokunembile, ekujuleni kwawo okungaqondakali. Imvamisa kutholakala ngabadobi ogwini lwezwekazi lase-Australia kanye nesiqhingi saseTasmania.
Ukujula lapho uhlala khona kusukela kumamitha ayi-600 kuye kwangama-1200. Umfutho wamanzi lapho uphindwe izikhathi ezingama-80 ukwedlula ekujuleni okungashoni eduze kobuso. Ithonsi lezinhlanzi lajwayela isizungu futhi walithanda, ngoba ekujuleni okukhulu okunjalo, akunakutholwa izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo. Wazijwayeza ubumnyama obuhlala njalo kukholamu yamanzi, ngakho-ke umbono wakhe ukhule kahle, inhlanzi ihamba kahle futhi ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokujaha noma kuphi.
Ithonsi lezinhlanzi lihle kakhulu futhi likhetha ukungashiyi indawo eliyindawo yayo yansuku zonke, eliyikhethile. Akuvamile ukukhuphuka kumaka ophakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-600. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma, ngenxa yengozi eyenzekile, azithola emanetheni okudoba. Inhlanzi enjalo ayisoze yabona ukujula kwayo okuthandekayo. Ngeshwa, lokhu kwaqala ukwenzeka kaningi, okuholela kule nhlanzi engajwayelekile ekusongelweni kokuqothulwa ebusweni bukaMhlaba.
Kusho ukuthini ukuphonsa ithamo?
Isithombe: I-Drop Fish (Psychrolutes marcidus)
Impilo inhlanzi iwela ngaphansi kobukhulu bamanzi inzima kakhulu futhi ayikhathaleli. Akulula ukuthola ukudla ngokujula okukhulu. Yize ibukeka kabi, uphonsa inhlanzi unombono omuhle kakhulu. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ngobumnyama obukhulu nokungabaza kuhlala kubusa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekujuleni okukhulu iso lale nhlanzi likhulu kakhulu futhi liya phambili, ebusweni bamanzi ancipha kakhulu, singasho ukuthi bashaywa njengamabhaluni.
Ngenxa yombono wayo osobala, izinhlanzi zizingela ama-invertebrates amancane, ezivame ukuzondla ngawo, yize ukuzingela le nqubo kungabizwa ngokuthi ukwelula.
I-drop ayinasisindo semisipha, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokhu, futhi ayinalo ithuba lokuphamba inyamazane yayo. Inhlanzi ihlala endaweni eyodwa futhi ilindela ukudla kwayo, ivule umlomo wayo omkhulu, njengesicupho. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukunyakaza okusheshayo, ukuhamba kancane, lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuhlala zilambile, zingondleki njalo.
Inhlanhla enkulu uma ungakwazi ukugwinya izikhathi eziningana zezinto eziphilayo ze-invertebrate ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekujuleni okunjalo kwesidalwa esiphilayo kuncane kakhulu kunaphansi komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthola isidlo esiqinile ngenhlanzi emangazayo, ngokuthathwa kokudla, kaningi, izimo ziyadabukisa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inhlanzi ejulile yolwandle
Ithonsi lezinhlanzi lihlala liyimfihlakalo kuze kube yilapho ukuphela kungasonjululwa. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngemikhuba yakhe, umlingiswa nendlela yakhe yokuphila. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukubhukuda okuhamba kancane, okuthe xaxa, kugcina kuqubuka ngenxa yokuthi into yayo efana nejelly kule density iphansi kakhulu kunobukhulu bamanzi. Ukuqinisela endaweni nokuqothula umlomo wakho, ungalinda isikhathi eside sasemini sakho.
Lezi zidalwa ze-ethereal ziphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-14, kanti izimo zokuphila ezinzima kunazo zonke azithinti isikhathi eside ubude bayo, inhlanhla kuphela iyakuthinta. Uma likhulu, khona-ke inetha lokudoba ngeke libambe izinhlanzi, futhi lizoqhubeka likhona ngokuphephile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthiwe zalezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlala zodwa, zodwa. Bakha ngababili okwesikhashana kuphela ukuze bazale abantwana.
Ithonsi lenhlanzi alithandi ukushiya ekujuleni kwalo okuhlala kulo futhi alikaze lisondele ebusweni bamanzi alo inkululeko yokuzikhethela. Ukujula okungabanzi lapho itholakala khona kungamamitha ayi-600. Ukwahlulela ukuthi le nhlanzi ihamba futhi iziphathe kanjani, umlingisi wayo uyathula futhi umhle kakhulu. Indlela yokuphila ihlala phansi, yize kuncane okwaziwayo ngayo.
Ngokusobala lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho ingakatholi nzalo. Lapho ithonsi lezinhlanzi liba ngumama, lithatha ukunakekelwa okumangalisayo kwamafry alo futhi livikele ngazo zonke izindlela. Inhlanzi idume kakhulu kwi-Intanethi nakwabezindaba ngenxa ye-physiognomy yayo evelele, emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zihlala zodwa, zihola indlela yokuphila ehlukile, futhi zihlanganiswa ngababili kuphela ukubuyisa uhlobo. Izigaba eziningi zesikhathi sokuzalelwa kwezihlambi zamaconsi aziqondakali ngokuphelele. Ososayensi abakalitholi ibanga lokuthi uheha kanjani umlingani? Ngabe lezi zidalwa zinomkhosi okhethekile womshado futhi yini umongo wazo? Ngabe kwenziwa kanjani inqubo yokufaka umquba owesilisa? Ngabe ithonsi lenhlanzi lilungiselelwe kanjani ukukhiwa? Konke lokhu kuseyimfihlakalo kuze kube namuhla. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola imininingwane eyisisekelo mayelana nenkathi yokuzalela yamaconsi ezinhlanzi, ngenxa yocwaningo oluqhubekayo.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayo emidweni ehlukahlukene ngezansi, etholakala endaweni yendawo yayo yaphakade. Ngemuva kwalokho ihlala emaqandeni aqoshwe phansi, njengezikhukhukazi esidlekeni bese ifaka amantshontsho, iwavikela ezilwaneni nasezingozini ezahlukahlukene. Ithonsi lezinhlanzi lifinyelela esidlekeni sazo ngaphambi kokuba yonke inzalo izalwe. Lapho-ke umama okhathalelayo uletha isikhashana sakhe isikhathi eside, ebanakekela ngokucophelela. Owesifazane usiza izingane ukuba zikhululeke ezweni eliyimfihlakalo nelingaphephile kuwo phansi olwandle.
Ngokushesha nje lapho sekuqhamuke i-fry emaqandeni, wonke umndeni uncamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala zodwa, uzigcina uhlukene ngokwengeziwe, wehlela ekujuleni okukhulu kakhulu, lapho kunamathuba amancane okuba yisisulu sabazingeli. Umama ngokungakhathali unakekela i-fry kuze kube isikhathi sokuzimela kwabo ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho izinhlanzi ezincane ese sezikhulile sezilahla ukubhukuda mahhala, zisakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile ukuthola indawo efanelekile yokuhlala.
Izitha zemvelo izinhlanzi ziyawela
Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo ezingalimaza ithonsi lezinhlanzi, akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngazo. Ekujuleni okukhulu lapho kuhlala khona le nhlanzi engaphandle, azikho izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo njengasemanzini, ngakho-ke, azitholakali ezinye izihlwayi kulezinhlanzi, ngenxa yokungazi kolwazi lwento emangalisayo.
Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, ezihlala ekujuleni okukhulu, zingaba sengozini kulezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile. Lapha ungabiza ama-squid amakhulu, i-anglerfish ejulile, lapho kunezinhlobo eziningana. Konke lokhu kumane nje kuyizinkomba zokuqagela nokucabanga okungenabufakazi obukhulu futhi akusekelwa noma yimaphi amaqiniso.
Esikhathini sethu sanamuhla, kukholelwa ukuthi umuntu ongahola le nhlobo ekuqedeni ukubhujiswa uyisitha esibi kakhulu nesiyingozi sokudonsa izinhlanzi. Emazweni ase-Eshiya, inyama yayo ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi, yize abantu baseYurophu beyibona ingekho. Ithonsi lezinhlanzi livame ukuwela kumanethi okudoba abadobi, bacwiliswe ekujuleni okukhulu futhi babambe ama-squid, ama-lobster kanye nemifantu.
Ngokukhethekile, yikho ngqo kule nhlanzi ukuthi akekho umuntu oqhuba ukuzingela, kepha ihlushwa imisebenzi enjalo yokudoba eholela kancane kancane inani layo eselivele lincane kangaka iphuzu elibucayi.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ithonsi liyisidalwa esingaqondakaliyo nesimfihlo. Lesi sidalwa sihlala ezindaweni ezijulile lapho okungekho khona diver eyodwa ezokwehla, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuncane okwaziwayo kososayensi ngokuphila kwale nhlanzi. Ukulahla kwachazwa okokuqala ngo-1926, lapho kubanjwa okokuqala inetha ngabadobi base-Australia. Kepha, ngaphandle kokuthi maduze kuzoba iminyaka eyikhulu selokhu kwatholakala, kufundwe okuncane kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, sekutholwe ngokuthembekile ukuthi ithonsi livame ukuntanta kancane kancane kwikholamu yamanzi, futhi ligcinwe ligcwele ngenxa yokuthi ubungako bomzimba walo onjenge-jelly buphansi kakhulu kunobukhulu bamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, le nhlanzi iyaqina endaweni, futhi, ivula umlomo wayo omkhulu, ilinda inyamazane ukubhukuda kuyo.
Kukho konke kungenzeka, izinhlanzi ezindala zalolu hlobo ziphila impilo eyedwa, kodwa ngababili bahlangana kuphela ukuze baqhubeke nezinhlobo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahla kwenhlanzi kungukuvimba kwangempela kwekhaya. Akavamile ukushiya insimu ayikhethile futhi ihlala ikhuphuka ngokungaphezulu kumamitha ayi-600, ngaphandle kwalokho kwalezo zimo lapho engena emanetheni okudotshwa futhi adonselwe phansi. Lapho-ke kufanele ishiye ngokuzithandela imithombo yayo yemvelo ukuze ingaphinde ibuyele lapho.
Ngenxa yokubukeka “komfokazi”, kuye kwehla inhlanzi edumile kwabezindaba futhi ifake inkanyezi kumafilimu aqanjiwe esayensi, anjenge-Men in Black 3 ne-X-Files.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Noma kungekho zitha ezikhethekile ezisobala zokwehla, inani lalezi zinhlanzi laqala ukwehla njalo.
Kunezizathu zalokhu:
- ukuvela kwemishini yokudoba yanamuhla,
- ukukhula okukhulu kwezokudoba,
- ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukungcoliswa kwamalwandle nokungcola okuhlukahlukene okunqwabelana isikhathi eside phansi,
- Ukudla inyama yenhlanzi yamaconsi emazweni ase-Asia lapho kubhekwa khona ubumnandi.
Ukwanda kwenani lezinhlanzi eziyehlayo lihamba kancane. Ukuze iphindwe kabili, kuzothatha iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweli-14, lokhu kungaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, uma kungenjalo kuzophinda futhi kunciphe ngokushesha. Kuvinjelwe ukubamba lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, kodwa kuyaqhubeka ukubanjwa enetheni labadobi lapho beboba phansi beyofuna ukubamba okuhlukile ngokuphelele.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuthandwa okubanzi okutholwe yile nhlanzi engaphandle kwi-Intanethi nakwabezindaba kuzonaka kakhulu enkingeni yokunciphisa inani lalezi zidalwa futhi kusize ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokuzisindisa. Singasho ukuthi isidalwa esimangalisa kakhulu kunethonsi lezinhlanzi kunzima ukusithola emhlabeni wethu omkhulu. Kunjengokungathi kuthunyelwe kithi kusuka emkhathini wangaphandle, ukuze sikwazi ukubona enye impilo futhi sikuqonde, siyitadishe ngokucophelela nangokuningiliziwe.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi esikhathini sethu esithuthukayo, lapho kwakungekho lutho olungaziwa, kwasala imfihlakalo nemfihlakalo eyingqayizivele njengenhlanzi eyehlayo, okufundelwa okuncane kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kungekudala ososayensi bazokwazi ukwambula zonke izimfihlo zenhlanzi eyinqaba engaqondakali. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphonsa inhlanzi Akazange ayeke ukuba khona futhi waphumelela ukufeza lezo zikhathi.
Mangaki amaconsi ezinhlanzi
Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ziphila kusuka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nane, futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwazo kuncike kakhulu enhlanhleni kunasesimweni sokuphila, esingenakubizwa ngokuba lula noma kunjalo.Iningi lalezi zinhlanzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi lilahlekelwa yizimpilo zazo ngenxa yokuthi zona ngokwazo zibhukuda ngamanetha okudoba noma zichithiwe ndawonye nezinhlanzi ezijulile olwandle, kanye nokhonkolo nama-lobster. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sempilo samaconsi yiminyaka 8-9.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ithonsi lezinhlanzi lihlala ekujuleni kolwandle lweNdiya, iPacific ne-Atlantic, futhi kaningi kutholakala ogwini lwase-Australia noma eTasmania. Ukhetha ukuhlala ekujuleni kusuka ku-600 kuya ku-1200, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kudlula amamitha. Lapho ahlala khona, umfutho wamanzi uphindwe izikhathi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ingcindezi eduze kobuso.
Ukudla kwenhlanzi kudonsa
Kakhulu idonsa lidla e-plankton kanye nama-invertebrates amancane. Kepha uma umlomo wakhe uvula, ulindela inyamazane, umlomo wakhe ubhukuda, nomuntu omkhulu kunama-microscopic crustaceans. Sekukonke, uyakwazi ukugwinya yonke into edliwayo, engakwazi, noma ngabe ithiywe ngokomqondo, ivumelane nomlomo wayo omkhulu omnandi.
Kunezizathu ezilandelayo zalokhu.
- Ukwanda kokudoba, yingakho ukwehla kwenhlanzi kuya ngokuya kungena kutha kanye kanye namkhaza nezinhlanzi.
- Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngemfucuza ebekwe phansi olwandle.
- Ngokwezinga elincane, kepha nokho kuthinta inani labantu abadonsa izinhlanzi, iqiniso lokuthi inyama yalo kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kwamanye amazwe e-Asia, lapho kwakubizwa nangokuthi yinkosi inhlanzi. AbaseYurophu abazidli lezi zinhlanzi, ngenhlanhla laba abasanda kubeletha.
Isibalo sezinhlanzi zamaconsi sanda kancane. Ukuphinda kabili kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwelishumi nane. Futhi lokhu kungaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ngeke zibe khona izimo eziphoqelela amandla, ngenxa yokuthi inani labo lizokwehla futhi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Okwamanje, uphonsa inhlanzi usongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuncipha okungapheli kwesibalo sawo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesizathu sokuthi ngaphandle kwenqatshelwe kokubamba izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo lwenhlobo, amaconsi amaningi abanjwa enetheni lapho edonsela phansi ngesikhathi sokudoba imifantu, ama-lobster nezinhlanzi ezijulile zolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwehla kuzosindisa udumo lwakhe kwabezindaba kusuka ngokunyamalala kokugcina. Ukubukeka okudabukisayo kwale nhlanzi kwamsiza ukuba abe yi-meme ethandwayo futhi kwamvumela nokuba nenkanyezi kumafilimu amaningana adumile. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni iningi lamazwi liqale ukuzwakala livikela le nhlanzi "embi", futhi kungahle kube nokuthi lokhu kuzobandakanya izindlela zokuthatha amandla zokuyisindisa.
Inhlanzi yokudonsela phansi, engenakubukeka okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi abaningi abantu bayikubheka njengembi, kuyindalo emangalisayo yemvelo. Isayensi iyazi okuncane kakhulu mayelana nendlela yayo yokuphila, nokuthi yazala kanjani, futhi nangemvelaphi yayo. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku ososayensi bazokwazi ukuxazulula zonke izimfihlakalo ezibanjwa yithonsi yezinhlanzi. Into esemqoka ukuthi lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile ngokwaso singaphila kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Incazelo Nezici
Ukudonsa kwenhlanzi kuyisici esikhulu ngokwaso. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba umzimba unesimo sokwehla okukhulu. Kuqala ngekhanda elikhulu, bese kancane kancane liba mncane, bese lisondela emsileni lapho lingena khona. Ngaphandle, akanakuze adidaniswe nanoma ngubani.
Okokuqala, unesikhumba esingenalutho. Ayimboziwe esikalini, futhi lokhu kungukungamangazi kokuqala ukubukeka kwayo. Uma uyibheka usuka eceleni, ibukeka njengenhlanzi. Unomsila, noma umncane. Kubo, kulawula ukuqondisa kokuhamba. Kutholakala kuphela amaphiko akamuva, futhi nalawo angakhuli kahle. Amaphiko asele awanakwa.
Ubukhulu balezo zinhlanzi ezingabhekwa zazisuka ku-30 ziye ku-70 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-10 kuye ku-12 kg. Umbala usukela ku-pink uye mpunga. Akukaziwa ukuthi kwenzekani ekujuleni kolwandle ngosayizi nombala. Kepha lezo zinhlanzi ezazikwazi ukudubula kuvidiyo zazimpunga noma zibomvu.
Ukufihla okuhle, ithoni yaphansi kwesihlabathi. Kunokubonwa ukuthi abantu abasha bayakhanya kancane. Emzimbeni kukhona ukuphuma okuncane, okufana spikes. Futhi njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile, akukho okunye engingakusho ngakho. Izimpawu ezisele azijwayelekile kakhulu.
Ukuguqula ibhekane nawe, ungathola ingcindezi encane. Amehlo amancanyana, abanzi asebusweni bakho abheke ngqo kuwe, phakathi kwawo kunekhala elide, eliyi-saggy, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kunomlomo omkhulu onamakhona angaphansi kwe-downcast. Konke lokhu kuhlangene kunikeza umbono wokuthi lo ogulayo uhlala ecubungula futhi engajabuli.
Kunjalo inhlanzi edabukisayo yehla nobuso bomuntu. Kungani le nqubo-ikhala ebusweni bakhe ayicacile. Kepha nguyena ongomunye wezimpawu zayo ezihlukanisayo. Amehlo, ngendlela, abonakala kahle phansi phansi kolwandle, avumelaniswa nendlela yokuphila ejulile yolwandle. Kepha ezinhlanzini ezibanjiweyo, zincipha ngokushesha ngosayizi. Ngokuqondile "ukushaywa umoya" ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Lokhu kubonakala kahle ezithombeni zendalo emangalisayo.
Olunye uphawu olumangazayo ukuthi umzimba wakhe awukho mnene, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, kepha ufana ne-gel. Siyaxolisa ngokuqhathanisa - "inhlanzi" yangempela. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ayinaso isigaxa sokubhukuda. Ngokusobala, ngoba ekujuleni okukhulu lesi sitho asikwazi ukusebenza.
Imane icindezelwe ingcindezi yokujula okuphezulu. Ukubhukuda, imvelo kwadingeka iguqule ukwakheka kwezicubu. Inyama ye-Gelatinous ingaphansi kwamanzi ku-kwabantu, ngakho-ke kulula. Eqinisweni, ingakwazi ukuntanta ngaphandle kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ayinemisipha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isisindo se-jelly esenza umzimba wakhe sakhiqizwa umoya wakhe. Ukulahla kwenhlanzi esithombeni cha nhlobo njengezinhlanzi. Uma ubheka "ubuso" bakhe, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi lesi sidalwa sasemhlabeni.
Esikhundleni salokho, "ungaphambili" ofana no-Alfa (khumbula, umfokazi odumile ochungechungeni olungaziwa ukuthi ngubani?) - ekhaleni elifanayo, nezindebe ezilandelwayo, ukubonakaliswa kabi kobu “ubuso” nokubukeka kwangaphandle. Futhi kwiphrofayili - kulungile, makube nenhlanzi, kuphela emangalisa kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ze-Psycholute ziwumndeni wezinhlanzi ezi-ray. Lezi namanje izakhamuzi zasemanzini abangafundile kangako, zinesikhundla esithile esiphakathi phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinamaphiko kanye nama-sea slugs. Abaningi babo abanazo izikali, izihlangu noma amapuleti emzimbeni, isikhumba nje esingenalutho.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezisondelene nama-slugs zinesakhiwo somzimba esixegayo. Bathola igama elithi "psycholutes" ngenxa yommeleli oyedwa owabonakala emanzini asenyakatho yoLwandle iPacific ekujuleni kuka-150-500 m.
Wayebizwa ngegama elithi "psychrolute emangalisayo." Kulesi binzana, igama elithi "psycholute" (Psyhrolutes) kusuka kwisiLatini lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ukugeza emanzini abandayo." Abaningi babo bancamela ngokweqiniso ukuhlala emanzini apholile asenyakatho.
Emndenini kunemindeni emibili engezansi ehlanganisa u-11 genera. Izihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zezinhlanzi zethu zingama-cottuncle kanye nama-gobies athambile, okuyi-gobies emhlophe enamamitha ayi-10 ubude nama-goarty athambile angama-30 cm ngosayizi aziwa kakhulu.Atholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi iPacific.
Iningi lalezinhlanzi ezimangalisayo bakhetha ukuphila kwamanzi asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific, egeza i-Eurasia. Ngasogwini lwaseMelika kukhona izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezifana nalezo zaseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha lapho ungabona khona izinhlobo ezithile.
Ngasogwini lwe-Atlantic lwaseNyakatho Melika, kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ze-cottunculi ezisatshalaliswa ekujuleni okuhlukile:
- I-cottuncle enamehlo amancane yathatha indawo ukusuka kumamitha ayi-150 kuye kwangama-500,
- Ikotishi likaSadko lehle kancane futhi lazinza ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-300 kuye kwangama-800,
- I-Cottuncle kaThomson izizwa imnandi ekujuleni kwe-1000 m.
Ezilwandle zase-Arctic, kukhona nenani elincane lalezi zinhlanzi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zezifo - i-hookhorn enolunya ne-Chukchi kerchak. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nalabo abanezimpondo eduze kwabo, lezi zinhlanzi zinomehluko wethafa. Bangakwazi ukuhlala olwandle oluseningizimu.
Kukhona igama elinje - abantu ababodwa, okungukuthi, labo abalingiswa bendawo ethile kuphela futhi abanokucacisa okukhiqizwe kule ndawo. Leli khwalithi likhona ngokwemvelo kuma-psycho-loots. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala endaweni eyodwa kuphela eMhlabeni.
Isibonelo, i-prickly cottunculus ihlala ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Atlantic e-Afrika. Lincane ngosayizi, cishe ama-20 cm, izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. IPatagonia yayinenhlanhla ogwini lwayo ukwamukela ukunganakwa - isidalwa esinjengogogo, esifana kakhulu ne-heroine yethu. Ubuye abe nomzimba onjenge-gel, ikhanda elikhulu, usayizi womzimba ukusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-40 cm.
Eningizimu Afrika, khona kanye esiqongweni eseningizimu impela, kuhlala ama-cottunculoides, afana nethonsi lenhlanzi ngokubukeka kwesidalwa. Zitholakala endaweni esenyakatho ye-hemisphere.
INew Zealand iyaziqhenya ngokuba khona kwe-neophyrinth, noma i-inkunzi-toad, ogwini lwayo. Ngokuvamile, izinkunzi zolwandle zaseningizimu zijule kakhulu kunezasenyakatho. Bahlulela izibonakaliso, bonke behla kubameli basenyakatho, baya eningizimu eningizimu ngoba kuyabanda kakhulu lapho.
Lezi zinhlanzi, ngokungazithengisi ngokwazo, zabelana ngesisekelo sedlelo nalabo. Kwesinye isikhathi aze agaye izinhlanzi ezithile ezibalulekile zentengiso, ngokwesibonelo, ezishaywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingadla nge-caviar kanye nefry yezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo. Kodwa-ke, bona uqobo bangukudla okubalulekile kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwabo ezinhlanzini kuyasiza futhi kuyadingeka.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Ihla inhlanzi ezilwandle ezintathu zoMhlaba - iPacific, Atlantic neNdiya. Kuyingxenye ethile yezilwane zasogwini lwase-Australia. Ngokwemininingwane yamanje, ihlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-600- 1500. Yatholakala ngasogwini lweNew Zealand, Tasmania nase-Australia.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuyinhlanzi eyodwa noma izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi ezidonsa phansi. Ngokwezibonakaliso zangaphandle kanye nezinye zezimpawu ezihlukile, singasho nje ukuthi bangabamele bama-psycho-louts, afanayo nenhlanzi yokudonsa.
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezimo ezithile zokuphila, akuqondakali kahle. Ekujuleni, ungadubula, kepha ayikho indlela yokufunda ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuphila yesidalwa esimangalisayo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuyizalela ezindaweni zokugcina, kunzima ukudala izimo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ingcindezi ejulile.
Kancane nje okwaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Isikhathi esiningi bahlala bodwa. Ukukhula okusha, ukukhula, kushiya abazali. Uhluza caviar khona esihlabathini. Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwe-caviar nokubamba iqhaza kule nhlanzi emangalisayo ihlukile. Kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ibhukuda kancane, ngoba ayinayo izicubu kanye nesethi ephelele yamaphinifa.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhlala ezilwandle eziseningizimu, usahlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Esingaphetha ngakho ukuthi le yinhlanzi ethanda ukubanda. Ososayensi basanda kusungula nje okwakungokwenhlanzi yezinhlanzi zomndeni womndeni we-lathomata.
Kepha manje sekusondele ukuqothulwa ngenxa yokudotshwa kwezinkalankala, ama-lobster namanye ama cr craceans abalulekile. Izinhlanzi eziyisimangaliso ziya ngokuya zikulawula ukungena enetheni nazo. Noma lokhu kungamangazi, inqobo nje uma kudotshwa ama-lobster, kusetshenziswa istrawl esijulile.
Ohlala olwandle olungezansi angazibona ephephile lapho kungavunyelwe khona indlela enjalo yokudoba ukuze kulondolozwe amakholoni. Futhi bengifuna ukukhathazeka ngayo, izilwane ezinqabile ezinjalo emhlabeni kufanele zivikelwe. Inani lezidalwa ezimangalisayo liyalulama kancane.
Izibalo sezivele zenziwe, ngokusho kwako okucacayo: ukuphinda kabili inani labantu, kuthatha iminyaka emi-4 kuye kweli-14. Ngakho-ke, unazo zonke izizathu zokubuka isithombe singeneme. Kepha uma sikwazi ukuyeka inhlanzi elahlekayo inyamalale, ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzokwazi ukuyifunda kabanzi. Inqubekela phambili ayimi.
Ithonsi lezinhlanzi liyadliwa noma cha
Abaningi banentshisekelo kulo mbuzo - udle ithonsi lezinhlanzi noma cha? EYurophu uzokuzwa - cha, kepha eJapan - yebo kunjalo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi izakhamizi zamazwe ase-Asia asogwini ziyithatha njengento yobuso obuhle, ilungisa izitsha eziningana kuyo. Kodwa abantu baseYurophu bayakuqashela lokhu okwexekile. Ufana kakhulu nobuso bendoda, futhi udabukile futhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa njengekungenakwenzeka, naphezu kwenombolo enkulu yezinto ezisebenzayo nokunambitheka okuhle. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungathandeki, ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi yenhlanzi. Futhi akaqondwa kahle. Konke lokhu akuhehi abapheki bendabuko nama-gourmet kuyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akucaci ukuthi amaJapan namaShayina afunde kanjani ukupheka okuthile kuwo, uma kutholakala ithonsi lenhlanzi eduze kwe-Australia? Futhi ngokuvamile, yini engalungiswa kusuka kulokho okukhohlakele? Esikhundleni salokho, ingafakelwa izikhumbuzo ngenxa yokuthandwa okukhulayo kwezikhathi zakamuva.