I-African Moon Hawk, noma i-African Polyboron (Polyboroides typus) kusabalale i-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara: kusuka eSenegal empumalanga kuya eSudan, Eritrea nase-Ethiopia kanye naseningizimu eSouth Africa. Uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi ufuduka. Inyanga yase-Afrika ihlala emahlathini, ama-savannas anokhuni namahlumela. Njengomthetho, uhlala ezinqenqemeni zamahlathi, imigwaqo eseduze, eduze nemifula noma imifudlana, ikhuphuka ifinyelele kubude obuyi-3000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Le nhlobo yenyoni edla inyama ingabonakala emasimini amahle, emasimini we-eucalyptus, nasezinhlafunweni zikakhukhunathi. Zivame ukuhlala ezincekelweni ze-eucalyptus ezikhula emadolobheni.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba african inyanga hawk ifinyelela ku-50-65 cm, isisindo sisukela ku-500 kuye ku-900 g.Ikhanda nesifuba sale nyoni kuphuzi, isisu sikhanya ngemithende emincane emnyama, amaphiko abanzi ngampunga, amnyama emaphethelweni. Umsila umnyama ngentambo ebanzi emhlophe ebanzi. Ubuso buhamba-ze, buvame kuphuzi noma bube bomvu ngombala. Iziduna nezinsikazi ziyafana, kepha izinyoni ezincane zinombala ovamile onsundu.
Ukuzingela nokudla
Ukundizela kukanoni wenyanga wase-Afrika akuqinisekile, kuyandiza futhi kundize ngokunganqikazi, ngakho-ke kukhetha ukuzingela hhayi ngokundiza, kepha emiqhele yezihlahla nezihlahla. Ikhanda lakhe elincane nelide, i-paws ephathekayo iyamvumela ukuba athungathe amakhona asondele kakhulu emgodini wezihlahla nangaphansi kwegxolo eliwele ngemuva kwesiqu. Le nyoni edla inyama idla izibungu, amasele ezihlahla, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (kufaka namalulwane), izinyoni, amaqanda namachwane, izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye nezicabucabu, kwesinye isikhathi idla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-carrion. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-paws kuvumela lesi sidlakudla ukuba sikhiphe amaqanda nam amaphuphu ngisho nasezindlekeni ezilengayo zabaluki base-Afrika. ENtshonalanga Afrika, ukudla okuthandwayo okwenziwe ngehekisi lenyanga kuyisithelo samafutha esundu.
Ngokuya entweni, lesi silwane esinemibala sisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokuzingela. Uyakwazi ukukhuphuka kancane, ajikeleze ngamaphiko obubanzi bokuphapha, azingele eweni noma ahamba kulezo zindawo lapho zingaba khona inyamazane. I-hawk yenyanga ihlola ngokucophelela izihlahla, amadwala kanye nama-cornices wezindlu, ihlasela amakoloni e-swwing kanye namakhula. Uyakwazi nokugibela iziqu zezihlahla, esebenzisa amaphiko ukumsekela. Naphezu kwesisindo saso esilingana nobunzima, i-hawth yanyanga yase-Afrika isishesha ngendlela emangalisayo futhi iyakwazi ukubambelela esidlekeni somaluki, igcina ikhanda phansi.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzala african inyanga hawk kuya ngendawo. Uhlela isidleke esincane emqhele wesihlahla esiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-10- 20 ngaphezu komhlabathi noma ngaphansi kothi lwedwala kusuka emagatsheni futhi ufakwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza awugqokile, uqala kusukela esikhathini sokufakwa (izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezi-35) kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu eshiya (cishe izinsuku ezingama-45-55). Ku-clutch kukhona ukhilimu ongu-1-3 (imvamisa 2), amaqanda anezinhlangothi ezinamabala. Bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda (ngalesi sikhathi bacashile kakhulu futhi bayacophelela), kepha insikazi ichitha isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni. Amachwane amadala avame ukubulala omncane, ngakho-ke amaqaqa enyanga ase-Afrika avame ukondla inkukhu eyodwa kuphela. Izinyoni ezingagundile zinemibala ikakhulukazi ngombala onsundu, u-wax wazo uphuzi ngombala ophuzi. Esikhathini sonyaka wesibili nowesithathu, izinyoni ezincane zithathelwa indawo ngamapulangwe ansundu ngemivimbo emnyama-emnyama esiswini nasezinkalweni ngesembozo sensipho ngombala onsomi.
(Uhlobo lwePolyboroides)
Kusakazeke kuyo yonke indawo ese-Afrika engezansi kweSahara: kusuka eSenegal empumalanga kuya eSudan, Eritrea naseTopiya, naseningizimu eSouth Africa. Uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi ufuduka. Ihlala emahlathini, ama-savannas anamahlathi, ama-shrubbery, avame ukutholakala eduze kwamahlathi. Njengomthetho, ihlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, imigwaqo, eduze kwemifula noma imifudlana. Ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-50-65, ama-wing urefu ama-37-48 cm, isisindo esingu-500- 900 g. Inhloko nesifuba kuphuzi okumpunga, ukukhanya kwesisu ngemivimbo emnyama emnyama, amaphiko abanzi ngwevu, amnyama emaphethelweni. Umsila umnyama ngentambo ebanzi emhlophe ebanzi. Ubuso buhamba-ze, buvame kuphuzi noma bube bomvu ngombala. Iziduna nezinsikazi ziyafana, kepha izinyoni ezincane zinombala ovamile onsundu.
Ukundizela kukashubhu wenyanga yase-Afrika akuqinisekile, kuyandiza futhi kundize ngokunganqikazi, ngakho-ke kukhetha ukuzingela hhayi ngokundiza, kepha imiqhele yezihlahla nezihlahla. Ikhanda lakhe elincane nelide, i-paws ephathekayo iyamvumela ukuba athungathe amakhona asondele kakhulu emgodini wezihlahla nangaphansi kwegxolo eliwele ngemuva kwesiqu. Idla izinyamazane, amasele ezihlahla, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (kufaka namalulwane), izinyoni, amaqanda awo namachwane, izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye nezicabucabu. Kwesinye isikhathi kungadla izinhlanzi ezincane ne-carrion. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-paws kuvumela lesi sidlakudla ukuba sikhiphe amaqanda nam amaphuphu ngisho nasezindlekeni ezilengayo zabaluki base-Afrika. ENtshonalanga Afrika, ukudla okuthandwayo kwe-puny hawk kuyisithelo samafutha esundu.
Isikhathi sokufuya sincike endaweni yokuhlala. Isidleke esincane sihlela amasango egatsha esihlahleni somuthi noma ngaphansi kombhede futhi sifakwe amaqabunga aluhlaza agqokwa kusukela esikhathini sokufakwa (izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-35) kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu eshiya (cishe izinsuku ezingama-60). Ku-clutch 1-3 (imvamisa 2) ukhilimu, amaqanda anezinhlaka ezinotshani. Bobabili abazali bayashintshana (ngalesi sikhathi bagcina izimfihlo futhi baqaphe).
Incazelo
Izinyamazane ezijwayelekile ngokubonakala kokhozi, i-buzzard, i-kite, i-hawk, intamo, ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwabalingiswa be-morphological kanye nezici zokuphila. Izihlakala zihlukahlukene kakhulu.
Imisipha yezwi ithuthukiswe kahle, ama-hawks angenza imisindo ehlukahlukene, imvamisa ye-timfall ephezulu, ebonakalayo ngokucacile kumabanga amade.
Uqhwaku lufafazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqhwaku lomlomo ongenhla olusondele kune-apex ligobe kakhulu phansi, umlomo wangaphansi uqondile.
Amehlo makhulu (cishe i-1% yesisindo somzimba), aqondiswe ngqo phambili, enikeza insimu enkulu yokubonwa kwe-binocular. I-Visu acuity idlula yomuntu cishe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili.
I-plumage ilukhuni, inezimpaphe ezilukhuni ezinengxenye ekhule kahle phansi engxenyeni ethile nesheft eceleni.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ziyi-carnivorous. Okuhlukile kukokhozi lwase-Afrika oluphilayo, noma i-palm voul (I-Gypohierax angolensis) idla ikakhulukazi izithelo zezinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla zesundu. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhethekile. Ama-infomophages angamabhungane, amankonyane amancane namakhithi ashunqayo, ama-ichthyophages - ama-eles, ama-myophages - ama-buzzards amaningi, ama-light "moons", ama-steppe ukhozi, umhlaba wokungcwaba, i-herpetophages - abadla izinyoka kanye nezinkozi zezinyoni, ama-ornithophages - amasela amakhulu, nemashi. Kepha iningi lazo ngama-polyphage anezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okunempilo. Izindlela zokondla zihlukahlukene.
Izinsalela zokudla ezingafakwanga - amathambo, uvolo, izimpaphe, i-chitin - zibonakala ngezimfumbe.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Onke ama-hawks ahlukaniswe yimindeni eminingana engezansi, ikakhulu ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, abanye be-taxa kula maqembu baphambuke kakhulu kunobuningi, futhi noma kunjalo basasendaweni yabo njengamanje, ngoba basondele kakhulu kula maqembu. I-Phylogenesis kanye ne-taxonomy yama-hawks yizinto ezingxoxwayo zesayensi.
Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Natural, lo mndeni uhlanganisa uhlobo lwangama-70, olungokunye kwemindeni engezansi eyi-14:
Izimpawu Zangaphandle ze-African Moon Hawk
I-hawth yanyanga yase-Afrika inosayizi acishe abe ngu-65 cm kanye namaphiko ama-cm angama-118 kuye kwangama-152. Isisindo somzimba singamagremu angama-635 - 950.
Le inyoni enkulu efanele inyamazane, ebonakalayo ngezimpawu zayo zangaphandle zesici. Owesifazane nowesilisa kuyafana, kepha insikazi ikhulu ngo-3% ngosayizi womzimba no-26% osindayo.
I-hawk yenyanga yase-Afrika
Ama-Hawks amakhulu enyanga yase-Afrika agrey kakhulu. Esembozweni sezimpaphe, amabala amnyama wesimo esingajwayelekile ayahlukaniswa, aqapheleka kowesifazane. Kunezimpaphe ezineziphetho ezimnyama namathiphu amhlophe amhlophe. Umsila ungwevu. Ebusweni, isikhumba esingenalutho siphuzi. Lapho inyoni ijabule, iphenduka ibomvu. Kuma-Hawks amadala enyanga yase-Afrika, i-iris iba nsundu. Amaphaphu aphuzi.
Ubuningi bezinyoni ezincane phezulu bunombala onsundu omnyama ngombala okhanyayo obomvu.
Isikhumba sobuso sinombala omnyama. Umbala ongezansi uyahlukahluka, ungaba mnyama ukusuka phansi, ngemivimbo emincane, amabala amhlophe esifubeni nemivimbo ebomvana ebomvana esiswini. Ngezansi, umbala uyashintsha, uba bomvu ngamaphethini ngesimo imivimbo emnyama esifubeni kanye mesh imivimbo emnyama noma obomvu esiswini. Ukwehluka komuntu ngamunye kubantu kubalulekile.
Izinyoni ezisencane, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, zine-wax eluhlaza okotshani. Ukushintshela kumbala weplamu, njengakwezinyoni ezindala zomthunzi omuhle ompunga, kungenxa yokuncibilika. Esikhathini sonyaka wesibili nowesithathu, izinyoni ezincane zithathelwa indawo ngamapulangwe ansundu ngemikhono emhlophe - imivimbo emnyama esiswini nasezinkalweni ngesembozo sempaphe ngombala ompunga.
Ama-Hawks amakhulu enyanga yase-Afrika agrey kakhulu
I-African Month Hawk Habitats
Ama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Zitholakala emahlathini emaphethelweni amanzi nasezindongeni. Ziphinde zihlale emahlathini ase-savannah, ezindaweni ezinamagquma anezigodi, emithambekeni yemithambeka, emahlathini egalari akhiwe ogwini lwemifula namachibi.
Le nhlobo yenyoni edla inyama ibonwa emasimini amahle, emasimini we-eucalyptus nasemasimini kakhukhunathi. Bahlala ezinhlangeni ze-eucalyptus ezikhula ngaphakathi kwedolobha. Ziphinde zihlale emahlathini amahlahla enameva eduze komfula. Ngezikhathi ezithile, avele ezigodini ezinomthunzi eduze nogwadule. Ama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika akhuphuka esuka olwandle ayongena ezintabeni aze afinyelela kumamitha ayi-3000.
Ukusakazeka Kwezihlahla Zase-Afrika
Ama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika avela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika futhi asakazeka eningizimu yeSahara. Indawo abahlala kuyo ihlanganisa zonke izindawo ukusuka eningizimu neMauritania iye eCape of Good Hope, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingamahlane ohlobo lweNamibia neBotswana. Kwenzeka empumalanga yeSudan, e-Equatorial Guinea, entshonalanga neZaire eningizimu ye-Angola.
Kule ndawo enkulu yamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-14, izindlela ezimbili ezingokwasemthethweni ziyaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni:
- P. t. typus isatshalaliswa eSudan naseTopiya - eMpumalanga Afrika, eZaire eSouth Africa.
- P. t. i-pectoralis itholakala eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Izici zokuziphatha kukatata wenyanga wase-Afrika
Ama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika ahlala yedwa noma ngababili.
Zonke izindiza zokubukisa zabesilisa zinesimilo esikhulu kakhulu. Zenza izindiza eziyindilinga lapho zihamba kancane ngamaphiko obubanzi bokubuka izindwani, bese zivela lapho zivela khona. Uma owesimame evela eduze, owesilisa wehlela kuye. Ngesikhathi sesikhumba sobuso obunqunu, owesilisa uphenduka obomvu kakhulu, abese ephenduka aphuzi ngokushesha. Ngokufanayo, ukubukeka kwesikhumba kuyashintsha lapho zombili izinyoni zitholakala eduze esidlekeni.
Ukudla kwenyanga yase-Afrika
Ukudla kwama-Hawks enyanga yase-Afrika kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo yokuhlala. ENtshonalanga Afrika, badla inani elincane lezibungu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (amagundane), izinyoni ezincane nezinambuzane. EMpumalanga Afrika naseningizimu ye-Afrika, izinyoni, amaqanda abo, bakha isisekelo sokuphakelwa kwabazingeli abanemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidla izilwane ezincelisayo, amalulwane, ama-cavernicoles, izibungu, izilwane zasendle, izinhlanzi, inyamazane yanoma isiphi isigaba sezilwane ezihlangabezana nazo.
ENtshonalanga Afrika, indawo yokuzingela inyoni yenyanga yase-Afrika ingafinyelela amahektha ayi-140 noma ayi-150. Isisulu esinemibala sisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokuzingela ngokuya ngesigaba sokuphamba. Uyakwazi ukukhuphuka kancane, ajikeleze ngamaphiko obubanzi bokuphapha, azingele eweni noma ahamba kulezo zindawo lapho zingaba khona inyamazane. Bahlola izihlahla, amadwala kanye nama-cornices wezindlu, bahlasela imikhosi yezilwane ezinwabuzelayo kanye namakhala. Futhi ngaphansi, ama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika ahlolisisa ngokucophelela wonke amakhona amancanyana ehlathi. Bayakwazi ngisho nokukhuphuka iziqu zezihlahla, besebenzisa amaphiko abo ukusekelwa.
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane lunezivumelwano ezibalulekile zokuzingela okusebenzayo:
- ikhanda elincane elingangena kugebe,
- ama-paws, eguquguqukayo ngokumangazayo, ekuvumela ukuthi uthwebu izinyoni noma izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane futhi ukhiphe izindawo zazo zokukhosela.
Yize inesisindo esilingana nobunzima bayo, i-hawth yenyanga yase-Afrika isindala ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi iyakwazi ukubambelela esidlekeni se-tiserin ngenkathi ibambe ikhanda phansi.
I-hawth yanyanga yase-Afrika - isisulu esidla ubhedu
Isimo Sokulondolozwa Kwe-Hawk Yase-Afrika
Inani eliphelele lama-Hawks aseNyanga ase-Afrika lisukela ku-100,000 liye kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-1, elisakazeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10. Ubuningi bokuhambisa buhlukahlukene kakhulu, kuya ngesifunda. ENtshonalanga Afrika, lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane lusatshalaliswa kabanzi, kepha eMpumalanga Afrika kanye nasengxenyeni emaphakathi enezwekazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kuyizinhlobo ezingandile.
I-hawk yenyanga yase-Afrika ayizitholi izinsongo ezibalulekile, ayinazitha zangempela emvelweni futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula ngisho nasendaweni eyonakaliswe kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, i-hawk yenyanga yase-Afrika ihlukaniswa njengohlobo lwesimo isimo salo esingeyona into ekhathazayo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
(I-Polyboroides radiatus)
Isifo saseMadagascar. Ihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: kusuka emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo eya ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezimbozwe izihlahla ezinameva.
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-57-68, amaphiko yi-116-132 cm. Ngaphandle kakhulu impela kufana ne-hawth yenyanga yase-Afrika, kepha ibala elincanyana ngombala.
Ukudla kubanzi kakhulu: kusuka ezinambuzaneni (izintuthwane, amaxhaphozi, amaphela) kuya kwezidalwa (izinyoni ezincane, amaqanda namantshontsho, izidalwa eziphindayo, amasele, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane). Idla ngama-lemurs, ikakhulukazi kumawundlu awo, kepha amathambo abantu abadala nawo atholakala esidlekeni se-hawk. Ufuna ukudla emiqhele yezihlahla, ahambise izihlakala ezinde ngeziqu zezihlahla nasezigangeni, kwesinye isikhathi ehla enyuka kancane futhi abambe inyamazane esihlahleni noma ezweni, futhi akwazi ukuhambahamba emhlabeni efuna ukudla.
Kwakhiwa isidleke kusuka emagatsheni omile emfoloko esihlahleni eside. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-1-2 anezindawo ezinsundu. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-39, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke izinsuku ezingama-50.