Izicabucabu akuzona izinambuzane, yize abantu abaningi zibabiza kanjalo. Bahluke kulolu hlobo ngezinhlobo zezici futhi bangabesigaba se-arachnids kanye nohlobo lwama-arthropods. Akuzona zonke izicabucabu eRussia eziyingozi empilweni yomuntu, kepha zonke zikhipha izinto ezinobuthi. Emkhakheni weRussian Federation kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zama-arachnids zemindeni engama-32.
Izici ezihlukanisayo
Izicabucabu zinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili, ngokungafani nezinambuzane. Amaphethelo angaphambili afakelwe i-chelicerae, okuyizigaxa ezinobuthi. Ama-warider wesigcawu se-spider ajwayele ukutholakala emzimbeni ongezansi, imvamisa ama-3. Ezinye izinambuzane ziphinde zidonsa isigobongo, ngokwesibonelo, amacimbi, kepha inethiwekhi yesicabucabu ayidabuli ngaphansi komzamo wokubamba inyamazane, ngoba ilukhuni. Amehlo abhangqiwe atholakala ekhanda, inani lawo livame ukuba yi-8 noma i-6, kuyaqabukela kube yi-2.
Ukugaya uhlobo lohlobo olwengeziwe. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-mantis ihlafuna inyamazane ebanjiwe, kepha izicabucabu zifaka ama-enzyme athambile kulesidumbu. Ngemuva kokuthambisa, bancela ukungena ngaphakathi. I-Arthropods ayihlaseli abantu noma izilwane kuqala, iyaluma uma kuphela nomuzwa wobungozi. Uma isicabucabu siwela umuntu, khona-ke kufanele sishaye, kodwa singashaywa.
Abesilisa abasemalungwini ngaphambili banezinhlamvu, aqukethe isidoda sokuzalisa. Abanye abesilisa babaleka basindise izimpilo zabo ngemuva kokuzalela, abanye bavumelana nesiphetho sezinyamazane futhi bazivumela ukuba badle. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane, abesilisa baphila iDemo. Izicabucabu zingomama abakhathalelayo, zifaka ukhukhunathi omncane ngesimo sebhola lezingane ezinkulisa.
Ukubukwa okuphephile
Izinhlobo eziphephile zezicabucabu eRussia ezidla izinambuzane, zilinde isikhathi eside ukuba ziphange ukungena enetheni. Kubantu, ukulunywa kwabo akuyona ingozi. Lezi zinhlobo azihlali kuphela ngokwemvelo, eziningi zihlala emagcekeni, zihlala eduze kwabantu emizini yazo.
Izinhlobo eziphephile zezicabucabu eRussia zifaka lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
Abantu abazithandi izicabucabu ngenxa yokuthi endlini baxhuma izingxenye ezifihliwe nezibonakalayo zezindonga nophahlalela nge-web. Kepha emvelweni, izidalwa ziyazuza futhi zigcina ibhalansi yemvelo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokulwa nazo.
Izicabucabu zendlu
Le nhlobo ithanda izakhiwo zasendlini kanye nezindlu zabantu zokuhlala. Luzingela amabhu, izimbungulu, amaphuphu nezinye izinambuzane ezincane. Emvelweni, izindlu ngotshani obukhulu noma ukuqhekeka osebeni lwesihlahla. Izinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesicabucabu sendlu:
umzimba upendiwe ophuzi ngombala onsundu, iphethini elinsundu litholakala ngemuva ngemuva,
Iwebhu ezindaweni ezimnyama eflethini noma endlini inesimo somqando. Umnikazi ulindele inyamazane enkabeni yenetha, uma inambuzane igadla, isicabucabu sisebenzelana nayo ngaso leso sikhathi.
Spider Moth
Uhlobo luhlala emqheleni wesihlahla, amanetha abekwa phakathi kwamagatsha, kanti amaqabunga akhonza ukwenza indawo yokukhosela. Izicupho ezinamasondo ngokushesha zidonsela ukunakekela ehlathini noma engadini. Kwesinye isikhathi amanetha afakwa ngaphansi kwamawindi, kufreyimu yezindlu yezindlu ezishiywe dengwane.
Ubuthi bunobuthi kuma-invertebrates nakwizidalwa ezincane zesikhumba sasemanzini, ezisebenza kumagundane, onogwaja, amagundane, kepha amahhashi, izinja, izingulube ezisegazini nezimvu aziphenduli ukuluma. Imisipha ivinjelwe isikhonyane ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-35, bese isele liyeke ukuhamba imizuzu eli-15. Lapho elunywe, umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezinzima, kepha inani lobuthi bokulimala lihlala liphephile.
Isicabucabu sibonakaliswa yisifiso esandayo sokudla futhi sidla izinambuzane ezifika kweziyi-8 ekuhambeni okukodwa. Uma isicupho siphenduka inyamazane engamukeleki kuye, umniniyo wephula amasondo azungeze, isinambuzane siwe. Ngendlela efanayo, kuhlanza inethiwekhi.
I-Arthropod Argiopes
Ama-arachnids alezi zinhlobo awayona ingozi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zezilwane nabantu. Abesilisa banesizotha ngobukhulu futhi akuvamile ukuba ngaphezulu kuka-0,5 cm, kanti izinsikazi zikhula zibe ngu-2,5-3 cm. Umbala wangemuva ufana ne-wasp ngenxa yemivimbo egqamile emnyama nephuzi. Izinwele ezimfishane zikhula esifubeni futhi ngokwengxenye ekhanda. Ama-paws amade anezindawo eziningana ezicacile, zipendiwe zibe mnyama ngamabala aphuzi aphuzi.
Ama-Argiopes ayizicabucabu eziphakathi kweRussia, ngoba akhetha indawo enesimo sezulu esipholile. Baphinde batholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeStavropol Territory. Ukulunywa kwe-arthropod kuqhathaniswa nenyosi, izicabucabu azihlaseli kuqala, zingakhombisi ulaka. Esizeni se-lesion, kuzwakala izinhlungu ezinobunzima, ukuvuvukala kuyavela, kepha konke kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Ama-Trudoviks izindonga
Izinhlobo zinwebeka kuyo yonke insimu yaseRussia futhi zivame kakhulu ukwedlula nakwamanye amazwe. Cishe njalo ukhetha imvelo futhi ungahlali ezakhiweni. Ngokuzingela, amanetha ayindilinga anamaseli amakhulu angamaxande ayenziwa. Umuntu obonayo ubona ukuthi umkhiqizo onjalo awulungele ukudoba ngenxa yemicu ye-sparse, kodwa imayelana nesisulu esithile esiqondile okufanele singene enetheni. Ama-Knitters adla umiyane omude, okuyindlela eyintandokazi.
Incazelo ye-Knitter:
umzimba unesimo sokufiphala,
Umzimba omude usindisa i-knitter engozini. Ngesikhathi sokukhathazeka, welula imilenze yakhe emzimbeni futhi kulesi sikhundla sifana nehlumela elomile. Uma kuphazamiseka kulesi simo, khona lapho i-spider iwa ngokushesha bese ibaleka ngokushesha.
9. I-Argiope Brunnich noma isicabucabu - wasp
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi spider singatholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussia, kepha muva nje kunemininingwane yokuthi yabonwa esifundeni saseMoscow.
Kuyi-arthropod eyingozi enombandela, ngoba imvamisa ikhetha iqhinga lokubuyela emuva lapho ihlangana nomuntu. Ubuthi bayo buyakwazi ukudala isimila endaweni yokulunywa, futhi uma isilonda singalashwa ngesikhathi, siyoholela ku-necrosis yezicubu.
8. I-White Karakurt
Kusatshalaliswa Esifundeni SaseKrasnodar naseSifundeni i-Astrakhan. Inobukhulu obufika ku-2cm, izinsikazi zalesi spider zikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunamadoda. I-karakurt emhlophe iyinhlobo yesigcawu esivela kuhlobo lwabafelokazi abamnyama. Ukulunywa yile arthropod kungalimaza umuntu, ngisho nokufa kuyaziwa phakathi kwezingane nabantu asebekhulile. Kumuntu ophile kahle - akuyona ingozi.
Kusuka emkhakheni uye embuthanweni
Iwebhu yesigcawu se-lace-up, noma ngabe icubungulwe kanjani ngobuhlakani nomuntu oyinhlekelele, imicu yayo ngayinye ngawodwana, ekwakhiweni kwayo okuvamile isalula kakhulu. Ngokuma kwejometri, imodeli yayo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe yileso sesigcawu esivela emndenini we-Uloborid - i-parothyxical hypothyroid.
Inetha lakhe elingunxantathu lokuzingela, kunjengokungathi, uvivinyo lokuqala lwamandla, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuluka izinsimbi eziyindilinga. Kungumkhakha wombuthano - eminye imikhakha eyisithupha enjalo, futhi inethiwekhi yesiyingi izodidiyelwa.
Kulula ukuthola iwebhu ye-hippytos lapho kuhlala khona izicabucabu - kunzima ukuzithola ngokwakho. Isicabucabu sincane - amamilimitha ayi-6; ngombala nangokubukeka kubukeka njengesihlahla sesihlahla noma i-clumsy encane esiqwini. Futhi uhlala ehlathini, futhi cishe njalo ku-spruce, kodwa, ngeshwa, kwesinye isikhathi kumaphayini, yew kanye ne-boxwood. Uma ubanjwa esihlahleni se-aspen noma esihlahleni, kusho ukuthi isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi sikhula endaweni ethile eduzane.
Phakathi kwamagatsha awomile angaphansi, insikazi ye-hippyota yelula iwebhu yayo: imicu emine yelanga ihlangana endaweni eyodwa, yakha i-engela. Intambo - isisekelo sonxantathu - uxhuma iziphetho zawo eziphikisanayo. Ngayinye yamakhona amathathu idonswa ngama-cobwebs futhi imiswe kuwo kusuka kumagatsha ukuze indiza kanxantathu ihlale iqonde. Phakathi kokuthwala ngemisebe kusukelwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngokufana, njengezigxobo zesitebhisi, imicu yokuzingela. Kumuntu osekhoneni lapho kuhlangana khona yonke imisakazo, isicabucabu sibanjwa ngonyawo. Le yintambo yesiginali yakhe. Kukhona imicu ecishe ibe ngamashumi amabili kunxantathu we-hippyota (ngokuqondile, i-11-22, kepha ngayinye ixhunyiwe kusuka kuzigaba ezintathu). Isicabucabu sizigqoka zonke ngehora. I-Kalamister isebenza ngesivinini esisheshayo: amahlandla amahlanu ngomzuzwana idonsela isivalo emuva naphambili egunjini lokuphamba. Futhi kukho konke, ngenkathi eluka inetha, ubopha imicu cishe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20!
Ngemuva kokwenza umsebenzi omuhle, isicabucabu sikhasa siye eceleni bese silinda ngesineke ukuthi iyiphi i-rotosi enamathela enetheni yaso. Ngokulindela lesi sikhathi esijabulisayo, ulengiswa emoyeni, azihlanganisela ngebhuloho likhebula elenziwe izingxenye ezintathu: intambo evela enetheni - isicabucabu - intambo esuka kwisicabucabu iya egatsheni. Intambo yesiginali, ayidonsa ngonyawo zayo, ayiboshelwe egatsheni - isigcobhu esiphuma esiswini sesicabucabu siboshelwe egatsheni. Ngakho-ke uzilengisa phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba kumakhasi welula njengengxenye yohlelo lokusebenza lwezingibe zakhe. Sizobona kungekudala - le nto ephilayo isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Inetha lokudoba leHippyot liyisinyathelo sokuqala sendlela yokuluka iwebhu esiyindilinga.
Lapho intambo yesiginali esiphethe isicabucabu emaceleni aso, uyikhipha masinyane. Inetha lihamba ngokushesha, bese amalungu anonxantathu omusha anamathele ku-fly enkingeni. Isicabucabu sizodonsa intambo siyiyeke ibuye futhi, sikhulise ukungezwani kwezihibe ngokuthi yena ngokwakhe uqhubekela phambili, wandisa intambo ngemuva kwakhe - isuka emajukujukwini. Impukane isuka ekukhohlisweni kwayo ngobuqili futhi igxiliwe emisebeni yenethiwekhi. Futhi isicabucabu sisondela futhi sisondele kuso, sandise intambo ehlanganisa ngaphambi kwayo - inethiwekhi ibambelela ngokuphelele esikhwameni. Futhi esikhwameni - impukane! Isicabucabu asisiluma (onke ama-uloborid awanawo ubuthi!). Simply, lapho eseklebhule ugibe oboshelwe impukane, uyibambe ngezinyawo bese eyiyisa lapho ibilinde khona lapho ibilinde khona (ngemuva kokulungisa inetha!). Ngezimbobo zakhe zangaphambili unamathela entanjeni eyelulelwe ezingibeni, okwesibili nokwesithathu uphendukisa impukane njengenqama esikhaleni, kuthi emuva kwayo iphonse bese iphonsa kuyo ama-cobwebs aqhamuka esiswini, egobile ibheke phansi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi, ekulinganisa kanjani ingozi phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, ukuphatha ukwengeza ibhuloho lekhebula naye, futhi ukwenza konke lokhu.
Ngemuva kwengxenye yehora, impukane eboshwe kuwebhu ayibonakali: isicabucabu sisonta ibhola kasilika - impukane igcwele kuyo. Ube esehoxa ekuhlanganeni kwebhuloho ngokunwebeka izintambo ezeluliweyo, akhwehlele endaweni ecashile egatsheni, abeke udonsi lwamathe ngaphansi kwewebhu yesicabucabu, afake impukane ecijwe usilika. Iyamunca isigamu sosuku, bese kuthi usuku nosuku, uma esikhundleni seflaya ngibambe inyamazane enkulu.
Iwebhu eyindilinga ye-uloborus ihlala yelulwa ngokuqondile. Imivimbo emithathu eqinile ye-zigzag phezu kwayo ukuqina.
Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlukene zezicabucabu zama-giptyots, njengoba isayensi isazi kanjalo, ihlala eMhlabeni. Futhi wonke umuntu - eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu Afrika - unemikhuba namaphethini afanayo amanethiwekhi.
Omunye wabo wabizwa ngokuthi oyindida yesitho esikhulu esikhulu kakhulu se-palpal esisekelweni sobudoda: sicishe sibe sikhulu njengaso sonke isicabucabu cephalothorax! Owesifazane, vele, akanaso isitho esinjalo nhlobo. Mkhulu kunowesilisa, njengoba kulindeleke, ubomvu noma onsundu, imilenze yakhe imfushane, ikakhulukazi ngababili bokugcina, futhi isisu, ngokuphambene nalokho, sikhulu, sikhuphuka ngeshubhu.
I-molt yokugcina nokuvuthwa kwayo kuza kuma-hypnotes sekwephuzile, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, futhi ngenxa yalokho baphoqeleka ukuba bahlehlise imishado yabo kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Entwasahlobo, owesilisa uza kowesifazane, adonsele intambo yomshado eduzane futhi adansa kancanyana kiyo kuze kube yilapho owesifazana eyengwa yisimemo sakhe futhi eza kuye ngentambo.
Kungekudala, isicabucabu amaqanda ayi-10-25 asongwe ngesilika elimhlophe, asisonga phezulu esikhwameni se-olive esingcolile somcibisholo futhi afihla indawo emincane noma ebanzi (njengoba kwenzeka) le phakethe kwenye indawo esegangeni lesihlahla noma egatsheni. Izicabucabu ubusika bakhona.
Imicu enamathelayo yasakazeka eshidini, imicu efanayo yavuswa emoyeni - isigaba esiyindilinga esisodwa sesikhombisa - futhi, ekugcineni, inethiwekhi eyindilinga ephelele - lezi yizigaba ezilandelanayo zokuthuthukisa iwebhu yokuzingela, eyethulwa ngezinguqulo ezahlukahlukene emindenini emithathu yabadayisi bezicabucabu. Uhlobo lokugcina, oluqediwe lukhombisa ezindaweni ezinamachilo kanye namagquma agqunywe ngamabhasi, isicabucabu esincanyana esivele sigqamile esinemibala emnyama esiswini sayo - uloborus Valkenrius.
Imibuthano eyakhiwe ngokulingene ye-web yayo ne-radii, kanye nemiklamo (yize kukhona asizayo), nokwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo - konke kufana kakhulu nenethiwekhi yeziphambano zesiphambano. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-Uloborus ayelulwa ngokuthe nkqo kepha ngokuqondile, amangqamuzana ayo makhulu (cishe ngamamilimitha amane, isicabucabu ngokwaso singesesithathu kuphela isikhathi esedlule kunabo) futhi, ngokweqiniso, ukuthungwa kwezintambo kuhlukile: ngemuva kwakho konke, usizi lwazo olusindayo, olungenayo ingxenye yesigcawu .
Indlela yetha inethiwekhi ifana naleyo yeziphambano. Uloborus kuphela, lapho udonsa imicu eyindilinga, ukhamba usuka emisebeni uye emaceleni o-radius, bese unqamula - ikhanda kuqala.
Imikhuba yabo yomshado nayo iyafana - kuyamangaza! Ngemuva kwakho konke, isiphambano asisiyisihlobo se-Uloborus, kodwa ngumakhelwane kuphela. Izihlobo ze-Uloborus, ngaphezu kwe-Hyptiot, zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngezindlela ezihlukile zofuzo, imvelo yafika isisombululo senkinga yamanethiwekhi ayindilinga, futhi izindlela zokukhiqiza lapha nalapha zaphenduka zaba ezifanayo. Lokhu kufana kwezimpawu eziguqukayo ezitholwe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuhlukile futhi kuvame kakhulu kude kakhulu nakwamanye amaqembu ezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ezimweni ezifanayo zokuphila, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zibiza ukuguqulwa. Khumbula lapha izinhlanzi kanye nomkhomo, ezibukeka njengezinhlanzi, kepha hhayi inhlanzi, inyoni ne-bat, imvukuzane ne-cricket-bear - nesithombe sizocaca kuwe.
Uloborus uqinisa imijikelezo ephelele yenethi yakhe ngesisodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu zokuzinza ezifakwe emaphethelweni - izimbambo zewebhu eziwugqinsi. Ungazigcini kusuka esikhungweni uqobo, kepha cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kwemiklamo yokuzingela iye emaphethelweni, zisonteke imicu eminingi emisebeni engaba semisebeni. Emaphethelweni, kuyavela futhi, ngamandla ngenkani kusuka ngapha nangapha nomzimba wonke, kanye nemilenze yangaphambili, ekhulu kakhulu futhi yinde kunabanye, imibimbi futhi icindezela izicubu ezintsha zokuqina.
Lapho iwebhu isiqediwe, sithini isicabucabu? Lapha imibono yeziphathimandla ezimbili ezinkulu yahlanekezelwa, njengoba besho, ngokwe-diametrically.
U. Bristow uthi i-Uloborus ayakhi izakhiwo zokukhosela. Uhlala enkabeni yewebhu, welula imilenze yakhe yangaphambili phambili, futhi ulindele izimpukane.
UG. Vile uthi: i-uloborus ayikaze ihlale maphakathi netha, futhi unogada endaweni yokuqamekelwa ngaphansi kwayo, endaweni ekhethekile efana nezindlu zezintambo ezinde, lapho kudwetshwa intambo yesiginali esuka ogibeni.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, ama-hippotypes, ama-uloburs avuthwa kuqala: ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, isicabucabu esibukeka sinciphile siyoyenga isicabucabu esinama-serenade. Ukusuka enetheni lakhe, welula i-cobweb futhi agijime ngayo, "ayadansa." Ephendula, "uyavuma" ngomzimba wakhe wonke ubheke phezulu, futhi, kancane, uzithoba kuye ngentambo.
Kamuva, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalela amaqanda, isicabucabu sigqoka inetha lezingane eduze kwabazingeli - elincane elinama-radii ambalwa kanye nemiklamo. Kulengiswe kukhukhunwa okhanyayo okhanyayo onsundu, futhi kuwo - amaqanda angama-70-100. Cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu ngokholo oluhle ziphethe unogada ezungeza zona, bese zilambile, ziwugwadule ukuze zisakaze isicupho esisha sezimpukane esihlahleni.
Izicabucabu, ngokuzalwa, zihlala buthule ku-cocoon bese zilinda i-molt yokuqala. Njengoba belahle "isikhumba" sabo sombungu, baphuma futhi baluka eduze kwamanetha okuqala angenamuntu - ngaphandle kwemiklamo. Kungemva kokuqanjwa kwesolt yesibili lapho bathola khona insimbi yabo edumile: isisulu se-kribellum.
7. I-Solpuga (Phalanx) noma isicabucabu selanga (isicabucabu selanga)
Ama-arachnids amakhulu angafinyelela ku-7 cm ubude. Kutholakala eningizimu yeRussia, eRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia kanye nesifunda sase-Astrakhan. Yi-arthropod enolaka kakhulu. Alinayo indlala enobuthi, kepha ine-chelicera enamandla ("imihlathi") engaluma hhayi isikhumba kuphela, kepha nangezipikili zomuntu. Ukulunywa kwe-phalanx kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.Ukwakheka okukhethekile komzimba kuvumela i-salpug ukuthi ihambisane ngesivinini esingafika ku-16 km / h futhi igxume ukuphakama okufika kumitha eyi-1. Kulokhu, i-phalanx, yayiqamba igama elithi "Scorpion of the Wind."
6. I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Melika
Ingenye yesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia futhi ifinyelela ku-3 cm ubude. Kusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eningizimu, kanye nasezifundeni zase-Astrakhan, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk, Tambov naseLipetsk. Inobuthi futhi iyingozi kubantu, kodwa hhayi ngolaka, uma kungenakucasulwa. Ubuthi balesi spider bungadala ukushiswa okukhulu nobuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside, isikhumba esizungeze ukuluma siguqula umbala siphuzi bese sihlala izinyanga ezithile. Kungadala ukusabela komzimba. Hhayi ukubulawa ngenxa yokuqoqwa okuphansi kobuthi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-hypothyot kuyamangaza.
I-gippiot eyindida isakazeka kulo lonke izwe lase-United States nakulo lonke elaseNyakatho Yurophu.
I-Hyptiot paradox (I-Hyptiotes paradoxus)
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Hippyot paradoxical.
Ama-hippies ayizidlakudla ikakhulukazi ahlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, njengamahlathi, amasango, amathafa anentaba namathafa otshani. Izidumbu zesigcawu zitholwe emigodini yezihlahla nangaphansi kwemigwaqo enamadwala. Izingadi zemvelo, izingadi zemifino, nezingadi nazo zivame ukuheha izicabucabu.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-hypothyot paradoxical.
Ama-hippies ayindida - izicabucabu zincane ngosayizi, ukusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 mm ubude. I-carapace iyisicaba futhi ibanzi, inesimo sobukhulu obukhulu, obumbozwa ngezinwele ezimfushane, ezinzima. Umbala uhluka kusuka onsundu uye mpunga, ucishe uhlangane nemvelo. Ama-hypothyots e-Paradoxical anamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, lo mbhangqwana wokugcina wezitho zombono uvalwe izinwele ezinohlonze futhi ungabonakali ngokuphelele. Abesilisa, yize bancane ngosayizi kunabesifazane, awahlukile ngokubukeka kwesicabucabu sangabobulili.
Izinhlobo zesifazane Izinhlobo Hyptiotes paradoxus
Ukusakazeka kokuxakile kwe-giptiot.
Ama-hypothyots angama-Paradoxical azalela ekwindla kokuqala. Ngaphambi kokufuna umlingani, abesilisa benza amasheya wesidoda kuwebhu. Bafukamela uketshezi lwesisu kusukela ekuvulekeni ngemuva kwezitho zangasese, ngoba basebenzisa imilenze yabo ukusondeza i-cobweb eduze futhi babeke isidoda ngezandla.
Abesilisa banamehlo amancane kakhulu, ngakho bathola abesifazane ngephunga lama-pheromones futhi babike ukubonakala kwabo ngokudlidlulwa kwewebhu. Yonke inkambiso yokuqomisana idala kakhulu futhi ivezwa ngokushintshashintsha kwe-cobweb eceleni komugqa wenethiwekhi.
Lapho ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka, owesilisa ufaka isikhwehlela esikhethekile esicutshini lwesitho ezithweni zokuzala zomzimba sowesifazane (epigyne). Owesifazane unedamu lapho kugcinwa khona isidoda kuze kube yilapho amaqanda esekulungele ukuzaliswa. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda emaqandeni, amaqanda abekwa kwisipuni sesigcawu futhi ambozwe ngento enamathele equkethe isidoda. Igobolondo leqanda livumelekile futhi aliphazamisi ukuvundiswa. Ungqimba lwesicabucabu luhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokuthuthukisa imibungu. Ama cocoon wesicabucabu aphakanyisiwe abese eboshwe enetheni lokuzingela elingunxantathu, lapho kuhlala khona insikazi. Kungekudala, isembozo esingaphandle (samagobolondo) amaqanda siyaphuka, bese kuvela izicabucabu.
I-Paradoxical Hippy Web
Ukuziphatha kwe-hippyot kuyamangaza.
Ama-hypothyots awumqondo ophansi athola igama elingajwayelekile ngoba aluka inetha lokuzingela, elihluka ngesimo kumanethiwekhi ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu. Ngasikhathi sinye, iwebhu ayibekeki ephethini eliyindilinga, kepha isesimweni sonxantathu.
Iwebhu ingaba nezinsimbi eziningi nezigoqo. Imodeli enjalo ingumphumela wesicabucabu sihamba sizungeza isicupho.
Kukholakala ukuthi kunethiwekhi eminyene yama-cobwebs i-giptiot ihleli icishe ingabonakali izinyamazane nezinyamazane ezingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwebhu kulengisa izinto ezinemibala ephazamisayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi zizinzile. Basebenza ukuphazamisa ukunaka kwezinyamazane ezivela kwisicabucabu esihlala enkabeni yewebhu, futhi asisetshenziswa neze ukuqinisa iwebhu.
Lezi zicabucabu zisebenzisa i-web spider eyingqayizivele ukuze zibambe futhi zifake amandla inyamazane evele ingene kuwebhu, imvamisa ibhubhisa sonke isicupho. Ama-hypothyots e-Paradoxical awunazo izindlala ezinobuthi, ngakho-ke ungalumi isisulu ukuba sibulale. Baqhuba ukuzingela okukodwa nokubamba. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi emvelweni kukhona ama-spider webs, ahlanganiswe ndawonye yizicabucabu ahlala eduze komunye nomunye.
1. IKarakurt noma Umfelokazi Omnyama
Inenani eliphakathi kuka-10 kuye ku-20 mm. Iduna lincane izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kunowesifazane. Kutholakala eningizimu yeRussia kanye nasesifundeni i-Astrakhan. Muva nje kuqoshwe amacala okulimana komfelokazi omnyama esifundeni iRostov, Volgograd neNovosibirsk. Esikhathini esifudumele, ingahambela ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Hhayi isicabucabu esinolaka, kepha uma kungenzeka ingozi ilume umuntu noma isilwane. Ukulunywa nguKarakurt kufile ngabantu. Ngokuphazima kweso, kuqhamuka nobuhlungu obukhali, obuvuthayo, obuthi phakathi nesikhathi esifushane busabalale emzimbeni wonke. Isimo esijwayelekile somuntu olumayo siya ngokuba mikhulu kakhulu; kuvela izimpawu zokulimala kwesicabucabu: ukugcwala kwemisipha, ukuyaluza kwemizwa, ukubanda kwesikhumba kanye nenausea. Ukulunywa nguKarakurt kuyabulala uma izinyathelo ezidingekayo zingathathwanga. Futhi kungenye yezicabucabu ezinobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ukudla kwe-hypothyot kuyamangaza.
Ama-hypothyotes ashaqisayo, ngokungafani nezicabucabu eziningi, awunazo izindlala ezinobuthi. Ngalesi sizathu, basebenzisa kuphela amandla abo okuluka ekubambeni inyamazane. Izinhlobo eziphambili zezinambuzane ezincane ezindizayo eziwela kuwebhu yizimpukane namabhu. Ama-hypothyotes ayizicabucabu eziyizidlakudla futhi zisebenzisa isigcawu sesigcawu esingunxantathu njengezicupho zokubamba nokuqinisa isisulu. Ngokufaka ifreyimu eyi-Y ebunjiwe enemisebe emisebe emine eyelulwa phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla, lezi spider zizingela imini nobusuku. Inethiwekhi yewebhu ihlala iqondile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka ezintanjeni zama-radial kunezindlela zokuwela ezinqamlezayo, inani le-11-12, zinezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene. I-gippiot ithela inetha lokuzingela ngehora elilodwa nje, ngenkathi yenza ukunyakaza okungaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. Umhlaseli uqobo ulengiswa kuwebhu enkabeni, inciphisa izingalo zayo ezishubile. Lapho nje impukane inamathela kuwebhu, i-sags yenethiwekhi, isicabucabu sinquma ukuwela kwangaphambi kwesicupho ngentambo yesiginali ehambisana nesilungu. Ngemuva kwalokho iyakhuphuka bese ukukhiqizwa kuthinteka nangokwengeziwe kuwebhu enamathelayo. Uma isinambuzane singakhathali futhi siqhubeka nokushaya, khona-ke isicabucabu siqhubekela phambili, i-web issa ngaphezulu, bese i-giptiot iphenduka ibuyela emuva ngaphandle kwama-spinnerets amboza isisulu sayo ngongqimba obukhulu be-cbhubu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube lapho inyamazane iyeka ngokuphelele ukumelana nayo.
Ngemuva kokuba umuntu ohlukunyeziwe engasebenzi, isicabucabu siyibamba ngezinyawo siyise endaweni ecashile, lapho yayihlala khona. Kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, izovala izikhala kwinethiwekhi yewebhu.
Imvubu ipakisha inyamazane yayo ngesendlalelo sesigcawu, ibambe isisulu ngesibambo sesibili nesesithathu semilenze, futhi ilenga kuwebhu, inamathela kubhangqa bokuqala bemilenze. Inqubo yonke ifana nenombolo ye-acrobatic, ama-giptiot enza kahle kangaka.
Lapho iphakethe lithatha isimo sebhola, lintanta emhlathini ukuze liphule ulwelwesi olunamandla, kuyilapho amabele am maxillary aqinisa ama-enzymes aqinile wokugaya aqeda izitho zangaphakathi. To the giptiota paradoxical, it is kuphela ukumunca okuqukethwe uketshezi. Ibamba ukudla isikhathi eside impela - usuku, kwesinye isikhathi okubili, ikakhulukazi uma inyamazane enkulu ikhulu kune-giptiot uqobo. Isicabucabu asikwazi ukudla ukudla okuqinile.
Iziphambano ezivamile
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo lwe-arthropod kuqukethe izinambuzane. Ingxenye yesiphambano idla izimpukane, izinyosi, ama-hornets, omiyane, izimvemvane nezinye izinambuzane ezindizayo, eziyibamba ngosizo lwewebhu. Isakhi sokweqa sisebenza kungasebenzi ukukhiqiza ubuthi, bese sithinta imicu. Ufaka ama-enzymes wokugaya uketshezi emzimbeni wesisulu, lapho umzimba uthamba khona bese ungene esimweni esincibilikayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umbetjeli udla lokucuketfwe ngekwesigamu. Isiphambano senza ukubekelela ikusasa, uma sigcwele, simisa inyamazane kusuka emaphethelweni kwenetha lokuzingela.
Lolu hlobo alusiyona yesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Russia, izinsikazi zikhula zibe ngama-20−25 mm, kepha abesilisa bancane (10-11 mm), njengawo wonke ama-arachnids. Isiphambano sihlala kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe, sikhetha umoya we-beech, i-spruce noma ihlathi lephayini. Abanye abamele batholakala ezweni elilimekayo, Swink, Meadows nezithelo zezihlahla ezinezihlahla zezithelo.
Izici zokubonakala kokubukeka kwesiphambano:
Umbala womzimba uncike ekukhanyiseni kwangaphandle. Ngasemuva kunephethini elisesimweni sesiphambano, okwathi igama laso lesi spider laqanjwa ngalo.
Abamele ukuzalanisa ngo-Agasti; kwabesilisa, imidlalo yokuphelisa inzala ivame ukuphela ngokudla. Owesilisa uheha insikazi ngokuxhuma intambo yesiginali kuwebhu. Ukuze abeke amaqanda ekwindla, insikazi yenza ukhukhunathi kusuka kuma-cunbu akhethekile a-spun bese ifa ngemuva kokubekwa. Amaqanda ubusika kule cocoon, kanti izicabucabu zizalwa maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ukuthomba kwenzeka kuphela emva kobusika obulandelayo.
Ama-chiracantid ayingozi
Ama-arthropods ayingozi atholakala otshanini nase-shrubbery. Lolu hlobo lungezicabucabu ezinobuthi bomugqa ophakathi. Ama-Hiracanthids angabantu abaphambukayo futhi awaluki iziphi izicupho ze-cobweb. Umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ubonakaliswa ebusuku, ukuzingela kusuka ekuthinteni okunethoni nesicabucabu. Imvamisa isisulu sithinta imilenze yomzingeli ozingelayo omhlaselayo ngokuhlasela. Ukudla kuqukethe amacimbi, izintethe, amabhu, ama-aphid, imikhaza. Izicabucabu zalesi zinhlobo zigwema ukuxhumana nama-waster nezintuthwane.
Izici zokubukeka:
- umzimba upende ngombala onsundu okhanyayo, ophuzi noma aluhlaza okotshani,
- usayizi wabesifazane busuka ku-0,5-1,5 cm,
- isidumbu sigcwele, umhlane ukhombe ngandlela thile,
- ibona elide kunabanye futhi lingaphezulu komzimba.
Ngemuva kokuluma, kuvela ubunzima obukhulu esizeni se-lesion, umuzwa ovuthayo uzwakala, kancane kancane izimpawu zisakazeka ezindaweni eziseduze. Ukulunywa nokuqina kwezicubu azikho, kepha ama-lymph node asendleleni yobuthi aqala ukuvuvukala nokuqaqamba. Ukungasebenzi kanye ne-edema kukhula kancane kamuva, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula ngokukhululeka.
Uma usizo lufika ngesikhathi, khona-ke izinhlungu ziyancipha ngemuva kosuku, futhi izimpawu ezisele zinyamalale kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-2.
Poison karakurt
Lolu hlobo lubonwa njengolunobuthi kakhulu futhi lungolwababafelokazi abamnyama. Abamele bahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Urals, eCaucasus, ezifundeni zase-Astrakhan naseVolgograd. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhla seluguqukele ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lufika esifundeni saseMoscow, ososayensi abaluchaza njengokushisa kwesimo sezulu.
Ukubuka akuhlali ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ngeke kuhlale esakhiweni esinamakamelo amaningi. Ukhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi uhlala ezifundeni ezingama-steppe. Izitha zesicabucabu zingama-hedgehogs nama-wasps. Eduze kwendawo yokuhlala, isicabucabu sakha imincibisholo ekulahleni komhlaba, esigxotsheni sokhuni, ezindaweni ezinamaphakethe.
Ukubukeka kwekarakurt:
- umzimba umnyama noma ompunga, kukhona amabala abomvu anomngcele omhlophe kuwo,
- ubukhulu besifazane bufika ku-1.5-2.0 cm, kuthi abesilisa bakhule babe ngu-0.7 cm.
Ekhula ngobukhulu ubudala besicabucabu, kumnyama umzimba wayo, namabala akhanyayo aba angabonakali ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ubuthi besifazane buyingozi kubantu kuphela ngemuva kokulinganisa okungu-5-6; ngaphambi kwalokho, ubuthi abunabo ubuthi.
Insikazi yakha umhume ezindaweni zokuhlanza inhlabathi, imvamisa isebenzisa izimbobo ezenziwe ngomshini ezenziwe ngomumo, ngamapayipi amanzi, futhi ibeka amanetha emnyango ukuze ivikelwe. Amaqanda achitha ubusika ekhukheni, kanti entwasahlobo izicabucabu ezincane zindiza phezulu ngesivunguvungu.
UKarakurt uhlasela izilwane nabantu uma kuphazamiseka. Ngemuva kokuluma, ubuhlungu obuvuthayo busakazekela ngokushesha emzimbeni. Kunobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, esifubeni, emuva eliphansi, ukuphefumula okuncane kuyavela, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuba njalo. Ezikhathini zakamuva, injabulo ithathelwa indawo ngukudangala, kuqhamuke i-delirium, nokwazi kudideke. Ukuze uthole usizo, kusetshenziswa i-anticaracourt serum, i-novocaine, i-sodium hydrosulfate, i-calcium chloride. Isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
I-South Russian Tarantula
Isicabucabu esimpunga esikhanyayo esinobude obungama-3 cm siphila ikakhulukazi esimeni sezulu esomile, sihlala ehlathini-steppe, i-semi-desert, ne-steppe. Ukuze uhlale, ugaya umgodi ongafika ku-40 cm ojulile futhi unamathisela izindonga ngewebhu. Ubheka isisulu emthunzini njengoba edlula emnyango. Ngemuva kwalokho, iluma inyamazane, isinciphise amandla.
I-tarantula ihlasela kuphela engozini, ingagxuma ihlasele i-15 cm ukuphakama. Ukuluma kwakhe akubuhlungu kakhulu, kepha ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha kubangela isicanucanu, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node. Ukubulawa kwabantu kuyaqabukela, kepha izinkinga zempilo zivela kaningi.
Ama-guaranteed womuntu osondelene nokuwa. Ukuheha insikazi, owesilisa wenza umsindo oduduzayo esiswini futhi uhambisa imilenze yakhe ngentshiseko. Abesilisa banomkhuba wokubalekela ngemuva kokuzalela, ukuze ungadliwa. Isicabucabu sizithwesa inzalo, ngoba sifaka ukhukhunathi bese siqinisa emzimbeni. Lapho izinsana zidonsa futhi ziqala ukunyakaza, iququda kubhontshisi futhi isize ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela. Kepha izicabucabu zigibela umzimba kamama bese zihlala lapho isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Ama-Tarantulas afihle emhlabathini, axhume ingaphakathi nenhlabathi. Uma abamele behlala endaweni efudumele, ngokwesibonelo, eduze nasekhaya lomuntu, khona-ke abayifihli. Kepha ukungabi bikho koopopayi okwamiswa ubusika kufinyeza impilo yesicabucabu, okuyinto ngokwemvelo cishe iminyaka emi-2.