I-Amphiprion (inhlanzi e-clown) - kusuka ku-lat. I-Amphiprion percula. I-Amphiprion ocellaris itholakala - lokhu kufana ngombala nosayizi wezinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo, okuhlala kuphela ezimeni zemvelo, okuwukuthi, olwandle.
Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezivela emndenini wePomacenter.
Ngamunye wethu, kunjalo, ujwayele inhlanzi enhle ngokumangalisayo evela kukhathuni "Ukuthola uNemo." I-orange egqamile, incane, ibangela ukungathandeki nokunconywa hhayi ngengane kuphela, kodwa futhi nakomuntu okhulile, futhi njengesilwane, unesifiso kuzo zombili i-amateur kanye nomgcini we-aquarium -olwazi. Le ndatshana yenzelwe labo abanesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngeqhawe lekhathuni abalithandayo, kanye nalabo abade befisa ukuthi babe nezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinamagama akhulunywayo athi “clown”.
Izwe Lase-Orange Amphiprion
Izwe lase-amphiprions luLwandle iPacific, noma kunalokho, izihlambi zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Kamuva bavele oLwandlekazi i-Indian futhi manje etholakala kuyo yonke indawo enamanzi ukusuka e-East Africa iye e-French Polynesia futhi isuka eJapan iye e-East Australia. Khetha izindawo ezikhule ngokweqile ngezigxobo futhi zihlalwe yizimboni zolwandle. Ngenxa yolwazi lochwepheshe besimanje, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlanzi ikhule ngezinga elimangalisa kakhulu. Manje ama-clown angahlala kahle kunoma yiliphi idolobha kunoma yiliphi izwe ku-aquarium yanoma yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo.
Imfihlo yegama "clown"
Kungani babizwa kanjalo? Lo mbuzo, empeleni, wezwakala ezindebeni zakho lapho uqala ukuzwa igama lale nhlanzi. Isikhathi sokuthola lokho. Eqinisweni, imfihlo ilula impela: ukubukeka. I-amphiprion ye-orange inomzimba othobekile womthunzi okhanyayo, ohlotshiswe ngemichilo emhlophe. Ukuhamba, inhlanzi zenza ukunyakaza okusontekile okungathi kunovalo. Emehlweni esiqapheli, lokhu kubukeka kuyize, yingakho igama - kuyahlekisa futhi kuyadlala.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
I-Amphiprion, leli elinye igama leClown Fish, ungowomndeni wakwaPomacenter.
Le yinhlanzi encane enombala ogqamile futhi ohlukahlukene (kuya ngohlobo). Ubude bomzimba ongu-12-20 cm, ukuma - okujikelezayo nokuthambile kamuva. Kepha ngokuqukethwe kwe-aquarium, isilwane sikhula singabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Kepha isikhathi sokuphila lapha sicishe siphindwe kabili uma sibhekene nezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zihlala lapho cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Umbala omangazayo walesi sakhamuzi esingaphansi kolwandle ufana nezingubo zokugqoka. Izinhlanzi zivame ukuhlala emihlambini yamalungu ayi-10-20. Kumuntu ngamunye, i-dimorphism ngokobulili imenyezelwa ngokuqinile - izintokazi zikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yibona abasesikhundleni esiphambili emndenini, banesibindi futhi banolaka, banqoba impango nensimu kwabanye abahlali futhi bavikele nabesilisa abathandekayo abahle.
Izwe lalesi sakhamuzi esingaphansi kwamanzi lihlala ama-Indian Oceans ama-Indian, noma, ingxenye yawo. Le nhlanzi ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi ukusuka empumalanga ye-Afrika kuya e-French Polynesia, e-Australia naseJapan.
I-Amphiprion inezinye izimfanelo eziningi ezimangazayo ngaphandle kokubangela imibala. Isibonelo, lokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezihlala eduze kwe-anemic yolwandle.
Ama-anemone olwandle (i-Actiniaria) ayizidalwa ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezingabizwa ngokuthi "ulwandle lwasolwandle." Lezi zidalwa azinawo amandla okuhamba futhi zintula ithambo lamaminerali. Imizimba yabo iyizindonga zamathumbu ezi-cylindrical ezinobubanzi bamamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumitha eyodwa nesigamu. Bacindezela izisulu zabo ngama-bacterium ama-bacterium bese bebabamba “ngezandla” - izinqubo, bazidonsele emgodini womlomo, futhi, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zinomphumela wokugwazwa. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ekujuleni kolwandle zizama ukusheshe zidlule izikhonkwane zalabababulali.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zihlala nama-anemones olwandle ebunganeni futhi, zifihle emathangeni abo, zingatholakali kwabazidlayo ezinkulu. Noma kungekho ukuvumelana kokuthi kungani izinhlanzi ze-anemone zingafi ngokugwazwa ukulunywa, kuvame ukwamukelwa ezweni lesayensi ukuthi i-Symbiosis ivela ngokulandelayo. Okokuqala, i-Amphiprion inika ama-anemones ukuba azibambe. Ngemuva kwalokho, ihlola ukwakheka komucu wesidalwa samathumbu, ikhiqiza efanayo futhi isimboza umzimba wayo ngefilimu evikelayo. Manje izinhlanzi kanye nalawa manzi ama-anemone olwandle - "igazi elilodwa". Bayadingana, ukufihla okokuqala phakathi kwetabernakele ezitheni zabo futhi banakekele umngani ngokucophelela, befaka amanzi futhi bekhipha imfucumfucu yokudla.
Kwaphawuleka ukuthi i-Amphiprions ayihambi ngaphezu kwamamitha noma amabili ukusuka “kunawo” amathoni ama-anemone olwandle futhi iwagade ngokucophelela ngokuxosha omunye umhlambi wabazala bawo noma enye inhlanzi ye-anemone. Imibala ehlukene yale omnivores angaphansi kwamanzi ngokusobala iyimpawu yesifunda. Abahlaseli babavikela ngokufanele kubahlaseli, umbala ogqamile uxwayisa abafowabo ukuthi leyo ndawo ithathiwe.
Embala weClownfish, kuya ngezinhlobo, imibala egqamile ibomvu, aphuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owolintshi, omnyama. Kepha cishe njalo kunemivimbo emhlophe ebanzi emzimbeni.
Emndenini omncane ohlala emahlathini "abo" e-anemone, kuhlale kukhona umbhangqwana owodwa ovelele - insikazi enkulu futhi incane kunowesilisa. Amalungu asele omhlambi empeleni angamadoda futhi ahlala emancane. Uma ama-anemones anele wonke umuntu, khona-ke umbhangqwana onganamuntu, ozungezwe yiphakethe lawo, ungaphila kanjena impilo yawo yonke nge-idyll ephelele. Ama-Amphiprions adla ngokwemvelo kuwo wonke umuntu - kusuka ku-plankton kanye ne-algae kuya kuma-crustaceans amancane; ahlanzela "isihlahla" se-anemone yolwandle, adla zonke izinsalela zezidalwa eziphilayo ezingondliwanga yiwo.
Okunye okumangazayo kwe-Amphiprion ukuthi bonke abazalwe abesilisa abangamawele bangama-protandric hermaphrodites, okungukuthi, bayakwazi ukushintsha ubulili uma kunesidingo. Isisusa salokhu ukushona kowesifazane emndenini.
I-Clown Fish inekhanda elifushane nomzimba omude. I-plumage ihlala inomngcele omnyama, ehlukile ngombala oyinhloko. Ngasemuva, i-fin iyaphela ngama-spikes futhi ihlukaniswe ngesigamu yaba izingxenye ezimbili (kanzima futhi ithambile), ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi kunezimbili zazo. Lesi sakhamuzi esingaphansi kwamanzi sinezikali ezincane, futhi imiphetho yamapuleti e-gill ayafakwa sering. Yonke iplamu ekhanyayo inombala ogqamile futhi enemibala yemizimba, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaPomacetra ezinamaphiko okusobala.
Kuyaqabukela, ama-clownfish ahlala phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali ngaphandle kwama-anemone olwandle, kodwa kuphela uma enganele.
Izitha ze-Amphiprions olwandle ziyizinhlobo zonke zabasakazi, izinqa, inhlanzi yesando, iqoqo, isinaphi, ukudreper, inhlanzi enofezela, ibhubesi lezinhlanzi, i-rockfish, i-eel, inhlanzi yamantombazane, nezinye izakhamuzi ezinkulu zokujula. ICaviar ivame ukuhlaselwa yi-invertebrate ophiur.
Insikazi iyakwazi ukutshala amaqanda impilo yayo yonke, futhi bonke abesilisa abasephaketheni bangabasebenzi bezokunakekela ababhekele ukunakekela inzalo.
Isazi semvelo saseFrance uGeorges Cuvier sathola futhi sachaza lesi sakhamizi esimangalisayo solwandle okokuqala ngqa ngo-1830, kodwa kwavela isasasa lesilwane esinjalo esingajwayelekile se-aquarium emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kokushicilelwa kukhathuni mayelana nenhlanzi yaseNemo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwevidiyo ye-Amphiprion
Abaningi, ngisho nabanolwazi, asemanzini abafuna ukulungisa nokufuya izinhlanzi zasolwandle abanawo umbono omncane umehluko phakathi kwamanzi acwebile ne-aquarium enamanzi anosawoti.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezibandakanya izinhlanzi ezingama-clown, zifuna kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi nezimo zokuphila.
Ngakho-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu nge-aquarium yasolwandle yile:
- amaphampu akhethekile ngomsebenzi wokucebisa i-oksijini, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kuzo zonke izindawo,
- izihlungi zamanzi olwandle,
- skimmers
- ukulungiswa okufanele, okunzima kakhulu ukwedlula amanzi amachibi amasha.
Lezi zinhlanzi zinhle kakhulu ngokubukeka kwazo okungenakulibaleka nombala ogqamile.
Ngokwemvelo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-10, izinhlanzi ezi-clown ezise-aquarium ziphila izikhathi ezi-2 isikhathi eside.Bazalwa abesilisa, emva kwalokho abantu abakhulu kakhulu baba ngabesifazane. Ngesikhathi eshona, omunye wabesilisa ushintsha ubulili futhi athathe indawo yomufi.
Ubukhulu bawo obukhulu buyi-11 cm, okuyisilinganiso kungamasentimitha ayi-7 7. Umumo womzimba usesimweni sethoshi. Ikhanda linenqwaba efana nesele. I-dorsal Fin hard iqukethe i-10, ethambile - cishe ngama-rayi ayi-14 - 17. Umbala wezinhlanzi zanoma yimuphi ubudala ziyefana: imicu emnyama emnyama ihlangana ne-orange noma obomvu nokumhlophe. Amaphiko anomngcele omnyama. Iris ingumbala wewolintshi okhanyayo. Umbala womzimba wonke ungasukela ku-orange okhanyayo uye obomvu nphuzi. Abesifazane bakhulu (1 cm) futhi banolaka ngokwengeziwe. Ephaketheni, bangabaholi. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaba ngu-26 ezinemivimbo ehlukahlukene nemithunzi.
Indawo ekhethiweyo ekudingisweni ngamakhorali nama-anemone olwandle. Amatende okugcina aqukethe amaseli ahlabayo futhi asebenza njengesivikelo kwezinhlanzi ezi-clown. Ukuthola ukushiswa okuvela kuma-anemone olwandle, ngokushesha aqala ukukhiqiza i-mucus esimbozayo futhi anganaki ubuthi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlanza ama-anemone olwandle kusuka ekungcoleni futhi baphume umoya omncane phakathi kwamatende (i-Symbiosis). Izinhlanzi zihlala eyodwa ngasikhathi, eziningana noma emihlambini emincane.
Amphiprions e-Orange
Lolu hlobo lweClownfish lwaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka ka-1802, kodwa luchazwa njengolunye umndeni, waphinda futhi wazithinta njenge-Amphiprion Percula. Babizwa nangokuthi Red-Black.
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo ungamanzi esiqhingi saseNdiya (iMarki-Malayan) kanye nengxenye esentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific - i-Australia, New Guinea, Solomon, Andaman kanye neNicobar Islands, eVanuatu. Ihlala ezigangeni ezisogwini ngokujula okungamamitha ayi-15. Ifana kakhulu ngosayizi nombala ku-Orange Clown, obuye futhi abizwe nge-False Perkula.
I-dorsal fin inezingxenye ezimbili - i-bony enemisebe engu-9-10 nemicu ethambile (14-17).
I-Perculus eyiqiniso yehlukile ku-False kunhlamvu ekhanda, njengefrog.
Emzimbeni we-Orange Clown kukhona ngokushintshana imicu egqamile futhi ebanzi ye-orange, emnyama nomhlophe.
Zinosayizi omncane kakhulu ongama-7-11 cm, ahlala endaweni yemvelo ukusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-10, ama-long-livers (iminyaka eyi-18) atholakala kwizindawo zokugcina zasendlini.
Amaphesenti angahlala yedwa noma nge-jozi ngaphandle kwama-anemones phakathi kwamatshe wamakhorali, kepha amaqembu avame ukubakhona ngokuqanjwa ngamanzi anjengopopayi omkhulu uStichtodactyla gigantea, iHeteractus magnifica ebabazekayo, neChrispodactyla crispa kanye nempahla kaMartens Stichodatylatyl.
Ukuzala
Umhlambi ngamunye unebhangqa lokuzalela kanye nabesilisa abaningi abakwazi ukuzalanisa. Indima yabo ayikaziwa. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka kungakapheli amahora amabili kusihlwa kuya ngokujikeleza kwenyanga, okuvusa umsebenzi wabesilisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhanyisa i-aquarium kufanele kucishwe kusuka ku-22 kuye ku-23 pm. I-Caviar ibekwe emazingeni okushisa amanzi angama-26 degrees ngaphansi kolwandle i-anemones, futhi lapho ingekho - kwi-grotto noma i-coral. Owesilisa uvikela amaqanda futhi amnakekele, asuse amaqanda angenawo umquba. Kwesinye isikhathi, insikazi iyamsiza ekuvikelekeni. Inani lamaqanda lincike eminyakeni yobudala bakhe nokukhuluphala kwakhe futhi lisukela ku-400 laya ku-1500. I-larvae ivela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7000 futhi idla nge-plankton. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-12, baqala ukusesha i-anemone.
Kuqukethe i-aquarium clown fish ku-aquarium enamanzi anosawoti. Kwibhokisi elilodwa lezinhlanzi, amalitha angama-50 - 70 amanzi anesibalo esingu-1.022 - 1, 025 ne-pH ka-8.1 - 8.3 sekwanele. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe phakathi kwama-25 - 27 degrees. Shintsha kuze kufike ku-10% wamanzi kufanele wenziwe amahlandla ama-4 ngenyanga, noma ama-20% - kabili ngenyanga. Ukuze inhlanzi ifihle, kubalulekile ukubeka amakhorali nama-grottoes phansi kwe-aquarium. Kuyelulekwa kakhulu ama-anemones omhlaba ngaphambi kokuhlala kwawo. Ungondla i-shrimp, squid, igobolondo, ingxube eqandisiwe yolwandle lwasolwandle nenyama izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ngezingxenye ezincane.
Amphiprions e-Orange
I-Amphiprion ocellaris - Amaphesenti ama-False, ama-False noma amaClown ajwayelekile, i-Western Clown Fish, i-Ocellaris ingaba eyehlukile kwemibala ehlukene, yize uhlobo lwewolintshi luvame kakhulu. Umbala uncike endaweni yokuhlala. Yinhlanzi lena eyiqhawe lekhathuni ngokuhamba kukaNemo.
Ukuphila kusuka oLwandle i-Andaman kuya e-Australia, Indonesia nasePhilippines.
I-Clown enamehlo amnyama, uhlobo lwe-False Perkula, (kukhona imichilo emhlophe namabala emzimbeni) kutholakala ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Australia. I-brown-red (izindondo ezintathu zeqhwa emzimbeni nasekhanda) - hhayi kude neJapan kanye neSoutheast Asia.
Amakoloni cishe acishe abe mnyama amaPomerania ahlala esiqhingini saseDarwin. Isici esivelelayo sazo zonke izinhlobo zombala yimithende emithathu ebanzi emhlophe, ngokuwela wonke umzimba ngaphesheya.
Ubukhulu balezi zinhlanzi bubalelwa cishe ku-11 kuya ku-11 cm. Omunye umehluko ovela kwi-Perkula eyiqiniso ngama-rays ayi-11 ku-dorsal fin hard kanye nokungabikho komngcele omnyama ku-plumage.
Ububanzi bendawo yokuhlala enkulu ngamamitha ayi-15, izingane zihlala eduze kobuso, abantu abadala behlela ezansi.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo - uSnezhnik noSkunk.
Amphiprions kaClark
Ama-Yellow-tailed noma ama-Chocolate Clown. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinsikazi ukuya ku-15 cm ziyatholakala, yize izimo zedamu lasekhaya zingadluli ku-10-13 cm
Umzimba wonke kanye ne-dorsal fin kumnyama, ikhanda eliphuzi nomsila, ku-pectoral - zihlanganisa zombili imibala. Yize kunokwehlukahlukana kwemithunzi.
Izinguquko ezinkulu zangemuva - ezinsizweni zinombala ophuzi, bese zithola umthunzi we-chocolate, futhi ezinhlanzini ezindala zivame ukucishe zibe mnyama.
I-Amphiprion clarkii ingumuntu wasolwandle osekujuleni kolwandle (kufika kumamitha angama-55), etholakala kusukela e-Indo-Pacific kuya ePersian Gulf nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga - iThailand, i-Indonesia, i-Australia, iMalawi, nePhilippines, eduze nolwandle oluseningizimu yeJapan.
Ukuhambisana kanye nezifo
Ama-Clown izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula.
Kodwa-ke, emzabalazweni wokuthola indawo ku-anemone yolwandle, baba nolaka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zihlala kahle nezinja zasolwandle, amakhadinali, ama-gobies, ama-chromis, izinhlanzi zovemvane.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo futhi kuzalwe kabusha kuyadingeka:
- aqukethe ama-clown fish ngababili, imihlambi, futhi ikakhulukazi anolaka ngokwehlukana;
- zingagcinwa e-aquarium efanayo nezinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwenhlobo nezinhlobo zobukhulu obuqhathaniswayo ezingezona ezokudla
- qaphela inhlanzeko ye-aquarium.
Inkampani "i-Aqua-Hundred" isebenzisa ochwepheshe abanolwazi olunzulu ekwakhiweni kwama-olwandle asolwandle. Sinikezela ngezinsizakalo zesikhathi esisodwa nokubhaliselwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi uyathandeka futhi uyathandeka. Kungakho isibalo esandayo sabantu sizitholela eyabo "imihlaba engaphansi kwamanzi", bekhetha ukuqhubekela ezitsheni zezilwane abazithandayo kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ikakhulu ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, i-clownfish eyaziwa ngamakhathuni ibonakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Umuntu okhanyayo, ohamba phambili, onomusa futhi ongalibaleki ngokoqobo udonsela ukunaka futhi abeke emphefumlweni ukuthula kokucabanga nokuzilibazisa kwempilo.
Amphiprions ehlukahlukene
Izinhlobo ze-Amphiprion akallopisos zatholakala emuva ngonyaka we-1853 ngumbhali we-ichthyologist Bliker, ovame ukutholakala ezigodini zamakhorali ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, kufaka phakathi iMadagascar, iMozambiki, iSeychelles neComoros, ulwandle i-Andaman, kanye naseSumatra naseThailand.
Ikhetha ukujula okungashoni (kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-15), ukuthanda imisinga nokujikeleza kwamanzi okuhle.
I-Symbiosis imvamisa yenzeka ngezinhlobo ezinjenge-anemones ezinjengekhaphethi nokunethezeka.
Ukuphakama komzimba akuvamile ukufinyelela ku-11 ukuya ku-11 ukuya ku-12 cm. Imicu emincane emincane igijimisa emuva, inomsila nezinsi eziningi zombala ofanayo. Ngaphandle, zihlobene kakhulu ne-Orange clown; lezi zinhlobo zihlangana emanzini endabuko eJava naseSumatra kuphela.
Utamatisi (Ubomvu) Clown
I-Amphiprion frenatus noma i-Frenatus ibomvu ngokugqamile (kufaka phakathi amaphiko) futhi imvamisa inezinhlangothi ezimnyama.Umehluko omkhulu ovela kwezinye izinhlobo umucu owodwa omhlophe nje ongahlekile omnyama, kubonakala sengathi uzungeleza ikhanda.
Uhlobo lwe-aquarium oluthandwa kakhulu lweClownfish, ekhula ibe ngu-14-15 cm (owesifazana) aze afike ku-6-7 cm (owesilisa).
Esikhathini esiningi izinhlobo zihlala eRyuko, kepha zitholakala kwezinye iziqhingi zaseJapan, Western Pacific, Philippines, Indonesia neMalaysia nazo ziyikhaya lezinhlanzi. Bathanda ukujula okuncane kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-15 ngokwemvelo.
Le nhlobonhlobo inesidingo sokuthi ikhule kakhulu emapulazini ezinhlanzi zase-Asia. Njengoba yakhiwa ngokwezifiso, uFrenatus usinda kangcono ezindaweni zasemanzini, unempilo futhi unamandla kunalokho akubanjwa endaweni yakhe yemvelo.
Ikhetha i-typiosis nge-Entacmea quadricolor bubbly (bubbly) sea anemone, kanye ne-herisactis Crispa enesikhumba esikhanyayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo
Indawo esemqoka yokusatshalaliswa yindawo okufudumele kuyo izilwandlekazi zasePacific nezaseNdiya. Kulapha ukuthi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweziboshwa ezinobuthi ze-fish anemones, ama-clown angazola futhi azithokozise enjabulweni yempilo. Ukuthola ukuthi isilwane sakho siqhamuka kuphi, uma silethwe olwandle, kungenzeka ngokukhanya kombala. Imithunzi ebomvu yobomvu - lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungumhlali wamanzi afudumele oLwandlekazi i-Indian, kanti amathoni aphuziwe ngophuzi angangabomdabu wase-Pacific. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ezizi-clown ziyisigcawu sonke esifaka amasayithi amaningi. Kepha namuhla sikhuluma ngalowo muntu ophila noma osazozinza endlini yakho, amnakekele, adle kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi azalwe kabusha.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezi-clown emvelweni zihlala emahlathini ama-anemone olwandle anobuthi. Ukuze lezi zidla zingelazo “ziqaphele” ilungu elisha lephakethe, inhlanzi ngayinye encane iba nesiko elithile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-Fin ithinta kancane itende elinobuthi ne-Fin bese iyaqhubeka nalesi senzo kuze kube yilapho umzimba wonke umbozwe i-mucus evikela. Lokhu kuqapha kukhiqiza imfihlo ethile, esiza ukunciphisa ukuzwela ekushisweni. Manje usungakwazi ukuhlala kahle phakathi kwezinqubo zomhlaseli, lapho kungekho khona esinye isitha esizobhukuda.
Ubukhulu babahlali, njengoba bubonakala esithombeni, bancane. Ubungako bokubekisela obukhulu kakhulu ngeke bube ngaphezu kuka-12 cm ngokwemvelo no-9-11 cm wabakhileyo abasemanzini.
Enye into ethokozisayo ebanjwa yizinhlanzi ukudoba. Imisindo ethule injengomgoqo, nemisindo ephakeme kufana nokushaya okuncane irosari. Bheka indlela umuntu oziphethe ngayo aziphatha ngayo, uzobona iqiniso lalokho okushiwoyo.
Ukwenza izinhlanzi ze-Clown zizizwe "ekhaya," isitsha se-aquarium kumele sigcwele ama-anemones. Phambi kwabo, abantu bazizwa belondekile. Kepha kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi: ngenani elincane le-anemones, inhlanzi encane izocindezela lokhu okugcina futhi ihlasele ama-anemones ehlahleni. Akunasifiso sokubuka nokuhlukanisa insimu, ukucebisa umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ngama-grottoes, izindawo zokukhosela kanye "namadwala" nge-minks, lokhu kuzokwanela imidwebo yakho. Bheka izithombe zamamayela amahle kakhulu, uzoqonda ukuthi yini okufanele ibe ngempela "eflethini" lenhlanzi ukuze uthole induduzo, ukuphepha kanye nokuphepha.
Amaphuzu ayinhloko ekunakekelweni kwezilwane ezifanele yila maphuzu alandelayo:
- Amanzi asezingeni eliphansi okuyindlela yokududuza, izinhlanzi ezi-clown azihlali ku-ketshezi lapho amazinga we-nitrite edlulwa khona,
- Ukufutheka kwabanye abamele kungaba yinkinga kwezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga isilwane, funa ukwazi ukuthi kuxhumana kanjani nezinye izinhlanzi
- I-pair ezinhlanzi ezinzile ingumngane omuhle kakhulu wanoma imuphi umuntu wasemanzini. Ukudlondlobala imibhangqwana yakho ekhona, ngeke uthole kuphela amandla okuzala izilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa futhi nezinga elithile lokuzola ezweni "elingaphansi kwamanzi",
- Omakhelwane abanobunzima bazobhekana nenkinga enkulu yokubuyiselwa emuva, okusho ukuthi kufanele ukhethe izilwane ezihlanzekile ezinokuthula nezokuthula uma izithandani ezimbalwa “eziyizimungulu” ezivela kwikhathuni zihlala e-aquarium,
- Umthamo we-aquarium ngamalitha ayi-100 - ungahlali ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezimbili!
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izilwane ezifuywayo azilula kangako futhi zidinga ukuzihlonipha.Futhi manje okuncane kakhulu mayelana nalokho ongakubona esithombeni:
- Amazinga okushisa aphezulu akhona yi +27 C,
- Izinga lamanzi e-acidity alikho ngaphezu kwe-8-8.4,
- Ubuningi boketshezi abungaphansi kuka-1,020 futhi bungabi ngaphezu kuka-1,025.
Ukukhanyisa okuhle, ukungeza amanzi ngevolumu engu-20% okungenani kabili ngenyanga nokungabinaki ekudleni - lokhu kuzoshiwo yinhlanzi eyisihlwayi kumqambi wasemanzini wokuqala. Ekhuluma ngokudla. Ungondla izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zombili ezomisiwe ne-shrimp, izibani, ama-octopus noma ama-squid. Kuhle ukufaka i-algae kumenyu. Imvamisa yokondla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, kepha zinqume isabelo sakho. Uma izilwane zakho ezifuywayo (hhayi ama-clown kuphela) zidla ukudla okufanayo, futhi abamele iqembu lama-Clown bazothola ukudla okuncane - linda udlame olunegazi. Lezi zimpi zingazenzela zona.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zihlala ekudingisweni isikhathi eside, abantu abaningi bagubha usuku lwabo lokuzalwa lwesikhombisa ngisho nolwesishiyagalombili. Ngakho-ke, ungakhetha ngokuphepha kusuka esithombeni futhi uzithengele "i-Nemo" encane, izokunikeza imizwelo emide emnandi kanye nokutholwa okuningi okumangazayo.
Incazelo nezindawo zokuhlala
Bonke abameleli balezinhlobo zasolwandle banombala ogcwele okhanyayo. Okuvame kakhulu ngumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama no-ovu ovuthayo, okuvame kakhulu kube zinhlanzi ebomvu, nsomi, emhlophe kanye ne-lime ephuzi, ezihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama ebanzi. Kodwa-ke i-amphiprion edume kakhulu futhi yande kakhulu i-amphiprion ye-orenji, kanti ihlosi botsiya, noma i-clown botsiya, selibe yisakhamuzi esithandwayo sase-aquarium.
Ukuvutha komlilo wewolintshi
Ezinhlanzini ezi-Clown, i-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa ngokucacile, futhi, abesilisa, ngokungajwayelekile, bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubukhulu bomzimba wezinhlanzi emvelweni buyi-15-20 cm, nase-aquarium - cishe isigamu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amaqanda, ajika eba-gazinga, abe ngabesilisa, kodwa esimeni sokuthuthuka, abanye abantu bashintsha ubulili. Esikhathini esiningi lokhu kwenzeka uma kufa omunye wabesifazane.
Izinhlanzi ezizi-Clown zinomzimba ongajwayelekile: ikhanda lifushane, ingemuva liphakeme, kanti izinhlangothi zincengekile kancane. Amaphethelo aphezulu ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-fax yangaphambili ifakwe ama-spikes ama-prickly, kwesinye isikhathi okwenza kubonakale sengathi kunezinhlamvu ezimbili. Ngenxa yenhlawulo yomsila oyindilinga, ama-clown awakwazi ukubhukuda ngokushesha kakhulu nangokusebenzayo.
Emvelweni, ukudla kwama-clown kwenziwa nge-microscopic algae kanye nama-crustaceans amancane. Amphiprions agcinwa emaphaketheni, aholwa isalukazi esikhulu.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izinhlanzi ezingama-clown ngamanzi oLwandle iPacific nolwaseNdiya. Impendulo yombuzo othi "uhlala kuphi umdwayizi?" ilula impela: abamele lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala ezigodini zamakhorali ezijulile zolwandle kusuka e-East Africa kuya eziqhingini zasePolynesia, kusuka eJapan kuye e-East Australia.
Isici esimangalisayo sezinhlanzi ezi-clown yikhono lazo "lokwenza abangane" ngama-anemone olwandle. I-Amphiprions ikwazile ukwakha ubudlelwano obungama-poli nama-polyp wamathambo abulala cishe konke okusendleleni yawo. Kuyiqiniso, imfihlo isezinduneni ezikhethekile zenhlanzi, ngenxa yokuthi ama-anemone olwandle angaziboni njengokudla.
Inhlanzi eyi-clown ihlala, lapho ifudumele khona - emanzini e-Indian and Pacific Oceans ekujuleni okujulile. I-Australia ithathwa njengezwe layo, ogwini lapho yaqashelwa futhi yaqala yachazwa kwidayari yakhe yi-Georges Cuvier yezemvelo. Emva kwalokho, inhlanzi enhle yabanjwa kaningi ngenxa yokujwayela i-aquarium, futhi imizamo yathuthuka - ekunakekelweni kwabo, kwakudingeka amanzi, eduze nalokho okwakusendaweni yemvelo.
E-aquarium, izinhlanzi ezi-clown ziphila izikhathi ezingama-1.5−2 isikhathi eside ukwedlula olwandle.
Ngokubuka usayizi weClown, ithangi kumele likhethwe lifanelekile, kunconyelwa ukwanda abantu abangadluli kwabathathu kumalitha ayi-100. Umhlambi ovunyelwe kakhulu wezingcezu eziyi-10 e-aquarium ngamalitha angama-400.
Ngokuthenga i-fry, bavumela ukulungiswa kwesikhashana kwesikhashana esincane, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Ngisho nezingane ziyazwela izikhala ezincane futhi zingayeka ukukhula.
Inhlanzi iyathanda ukugaya inhlabathi ifuna ukudla, ngakho khetha isihlabathi ngokufakwa okuncane kwamatshe amatshe.Kuyajabulisa ukubona ukuthi uBotia udlala kanjani ngamatshe amatshe, efaka amadevu abo. Ukuhlobisa kufakwa ezansi, izinhlanzi zithanda ukucasha kuzo, kepha ubukhulu bezindawo zokukhosela ziyamangalisa, ukuze isilwane singabambeki.
Naphezu kosayizi, izilwane ezifuywayo ziyadlala futhi ziyakwazi ukuphuma, ngakho-ke isivalo esisethinini siyadingeka. Izinga lokukhanya libuthakathaka. Uma kunotshani obuncane, sebenzisa ukukhanya okuthambile.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa ku-aquarium
I-nuance ebaluleke kakhulu yokugcina izinhlanzi ze-Clown ekhaya ishedyuli elifanele lokuphaka
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi zamakhorali, i-amphiprion ayizithobi. I-Clown fish ingena kahle e-aquarium, futhi inkinga kuphela engaqhamuka lapho kukhethwa omakhelwane bayo. Esikhathini sokudla kwe-amphiprion kungabizwa ngokuthi kungusomathuba. Izinhlanzi ziyokujabulela ukujabulela noma yikuphi ukudla okuhlongozwayo kwesitshalo noma kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Umqondo obalulekile kuphela irejimeni yokondla.
I-aquarium ebanzi nge-coral ne-anemone yolwandle izosondeza izimo zokufakelwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kwemvelo
Ukuze uthole ama-amphiprions, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezibanzi zokuboshwa. I-pair of fish Clown idinga okungenani amalitha angama-50 amanzi. I-Aquarium inconywa ukuba ukhethe ukwakheka kwepanoramu noma umxande. Ukuze amphiprions uzizwe ukhululekile, kubalulekile ukubeka amakhorali ambalwa ethangini. Abakhileyo be-Aquarium nama-grottoes bazojabulisa. Uma kungenzeka, angatshalwa ama-anemones olwandle. Njengomhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi samakhorali (umthamo wepellet kuze kufike ku-5 mm).
Amapharamitha wamanzi afanele kanye neminye imiqondo:
- ngokuya ngokuqukethwe usawoti, inkomba akufanele idlule ku-34,5 g / l,
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi eliphakeme - ama-26 degrees,
- usizi lwamanzi - hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-1,023,
- acidity - 8.4 pH,
- Kudingeka ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kwengxenye eyodwa kweshumi yevolumu ephelele,
- i-aquarium kufanele ihlanzwe njalo
- ukuba khona kokuhlunga kanye nokwenziwa kwamanzi kungumbandela obalulekile.
Okufanele ukondle
Lawa ma-crustaceans amancane aqukethe amaprotheni cishe angama-50% namafutha angama-20%, futhi ngenxa yalokho angumthombo omuhle kakhulu wokudla.
Umsoco we-aquarium amphiprions awenzi ubunzima kumnikazi wawo. Izinhlanzi zikujabulela ukudla okuomile kwezinhlanzi zomhlanga. Ungaguqulela ekudleni nge-artemia ne-shellfish.
- udinga ukondla izinhlanzi ezihlotshwa kaninginingi ngosuku,
- izingxenye zokudla kufanele zibe zincane, kepha ufike ezinhlanzini ngazinye,
- uma izinhlanzi ezingama-clown zingenakho ukudla okwenele, ziyoba nolaka, zizithathe kwabanye abahlali base-aquarium.
Izifo nokwelashwa
Izinga lamanzi elibi kanye nokwephulwa kwemithetho yokugcina kungavusa impilo ebuhlungu ku-clown fish. Ngalezi zici, ama-amphiprion ajwayela ukuthathwa yizikhunta, izifo ezibangelwa ngamagciwane, anqotshwe yizinhlungu kanye namagciwane, kanye nezinye izifo ezithile eziyingozi.
Ukwehlukahlukana kwezifo nezindlela eziphambili zokwelashwa kwazo:
- I-Brooklinellosis. Ukutheleleka kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, umenzeli wesifo okuyi-pathogenic infusoria, uphawu lokuqala lwalesi sifo ukubulawa kwenhlanzi kanye namabala okukhanya emzimbeni. Inkinga iqedwa nge-sulfate yethusi kanye nemifino ye-malachite.
- I-Oodiniosis. Uphawu oluphambili lwalesi sifo ubukhona bokulunywa ezinhlanzini, ngenxa yazo bazama ukusikhuculula njalo ngokumelene nezinye izinto ezise-aquarium. Izenzo ezinjalo zingadala ukulimala, ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-Bicillin ye-antibiotic noma oluhlaza malachite.
- I-Cryptocaryonosis Isifo se-parasitic sizibonakalisa ngesimo sezindunduma zesimilo, amachashazi nezindawo ezinombala omhlophe emzimbeni wenhlanzi, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-sulfate yethusi, i-chelate complexes yethusi noma i-formalin ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukuzalela
Ukufuya ama-clown fish e-aquarium akunzima. Ubulili bezinhlanzi buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto zangaphandle (ngokwesibonelo, uma zingekho izintokazi e-aquarium). Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ikakhulu enyangeni egcwele. Inkinga ingaqhamuka nokubanjwa kwefry. Owesilisa uyozama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvikela inzalo.Ukwenza lula inqubo yokubamba i-fry, kunconywa ukuyidlulisela kwesinye isitsha.
- uma kubeka amaqanda, inhlanzi e-clown ikhetha okungaphezulu kakhulu komhlaba eduze nendawo yokukhosela (e-aquarium ungabeka ngokukhethekile ucezwana oluncane lwethayile noma enye into),
- inqubo yokubekela amaqanda ngowesifazane ihlala cishe amahora amabili futhi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kusihlwa (kusuka ngo-22: 00 kuyanconywa ukucima isibani ukudala izimo zikhululekile),
- inhlanzi ezishisayo izama ukuphonsa amaqanda eduze kwe-anemones noma kwenye indawo yokuhlala (ama-grottoes, ama-corals akhiwe e-aquarium),
- kokuqhuma okukodwa, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda angaba ngu-1,500 (isikhathi sokufakwayo sithatha izinsuku eziyishumi),
- ukulondolozwa kowesilisa kwe-caviar nokunakekelwa kwefry. Uma ukhipha i-gry ngaphandle kwasemanzini ngaphambi kokuthomba, khona-ke lokhu ngeke kuthinte ukukhula kwenhlanzi,
- Fry are immune immune, ngakho-ke ukucabanga kokuqala kususa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown ngokuvamile ziba isihloko sokukhethwa kwabasolwandle - bobabili abaqalayo nabanolwazi. Into ukuthi abakholelwa kokuzithoba ngokuphelele, kodwa babe nomlingiswa ngamunye nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, ngakho-ke kuyajabulisa njalo ukubabuka.
Ukungathandeki okuyinhloko kokuphakama kungukuhlukumezeka okungenzeka. Ukuwela ekudingisweni, izinhlanzi zivame ukukhombisa ulaka, ngakho-ke ukuzigcina unesikali esithanda ukuthula kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi emanzini
Imibala "ekhaya" ihlangana ngqo nabantu "basendle", kuphela imidwebo iyahluka. Imivimbo emnyama ihlukile ngombala ogqamile (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owolintshi, ophuzi), ulwelwesi lwamaphiko lumnyama, futhi indawo eseduze kwamehlo igcwele umbala we-tangerine. Kodwa-ke, ama-aquarium Clown anosayizi omncane - ama-6-8 cm kuphela.
Amandla athakazelayo atholakala yilaba bantu bezindawo zasemanzini: bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo, ngokuchofoza nokububula.
I-Aquarium
Inhlanzi e-clown e-aquarium kufanele izizwe isikhala nenkululeko, ngakho-ke, kubantu abathile umkhumbi onomthamo omncane wamalitha angama-50-60 wesimo esingunxande noma wephaneli kufanelekile. Vumela i-aquarium ibe yikhulu kakhulu kunokuba inyinye. Ama-anemones kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini namakhorali, ama-grottoes, amatshe acwebezelayo abekwe, ukuze izilwane zibe nendawo yokucasha.
Isimo esibalulekile sokugcinwa kwezandla zasolwandle ziwukuba khona kwesihlungi nokukhanya okuhle.
Udinga ukubeka i-aquarium ezindaweni ezinokuthula, kude nokusalungiswa nokukhanya kwelanga, ama-air-conditioners kanye nezishisa
Amanzi kufanele asondele ngokuqapha ngokweqile: kuma-clown, izici zawo zibaluleke kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angama-25-27 degrees, i-density yi-1.022 - 1, 025 kanti i-pH ingu-8.1 - 8.3. Shintsha u-10% wamanzi kumele wenziwe isonto ngalinye, no-25% wamanzi - kabili kuphela ngenyanga.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwabahlali abasha e-aquarium, amanzi kufanele axazulule okungenani usuku.
Ukondla
Umhlaseli wemvelo ekuthunjweni uthanda ukudla okuphilayo. Ebusuku, isifiso sokudla sikaBotsiya siphakeme kakhulu, ngokulandelana, bakhuthele ngokwengeziwe. Izilwane ezifuywayo zonakaliswa nge-coronet, umenzi washubhu, umhlonyane wegazi nezibungu.
Ukuze ungatheleleki izinhlanzi ngama-parasites, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuhlanzeka kokuphakelayo noma ukuqhuba konke ukudla ngokubanda. Abanye abazalanisi bacubungula ukudla ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
I-Clown fish - isakhamuzi esingajwayelekile kakhulu se-aquarium
Unquma ukuvakashela i-aquarium. Uhambe isikhathi eside futhi wakhanga zonke izinhlobo zolwandle nolwandlekazi olungaphandle kolwandle. Futhi kwelinye lamagumbi angaphambi kwamehlo akho kwavela inhlanzi edotshwa emanzini. Uyathakazelisa futhi ubuyela ekhaya unesifiso sokuthola isilwane esingajwayelekile kangako. Wake wacabanga ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani le nhlanzi, ukuthi idingani ukuze iqinisekise isimo sokuphila esifanele? Namuhla sizodingida lolu daba.
Izinhlanzi Clown: kusuka olwandle kuya olwandle
Okokuqala, bhekela esitolo se-aquarium. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yama-clown fish ulwandle, lapho lujwayele khona ubukhulu. Futhi, ngokufanele, i-aquarium kufanele ibe nkulu kunokuba ibe nkulu. Ukukhetha inani elifanele, kufanele ubheke ukuthi ufuna ukuthola abantu abangaki.Khumbula ukuthi izinhlanzi ezi-clown ngokwemvelo azihlali ngamaqembu, futhi eziningi zazo azinakuxazululwa e-aquarium eyodwa, njengama-guppies noma i-mollies.
Kuyo, kufanele bahlale bodwa, noma munye (ngigcizelela: eyodwa!) Couple. Umuntu oyedwa udinga i-aquarium engama-25-30-litre. Futhi kubhangqwana, i-70-litre ilungile. Ungamangala ngomehluko othile ku-ratios, kepha cabanga ngamathuba okuthola izilwane ezifuywayo, ezizotholana nabazali bazo emasontweni okuqala okuphila.
I-Clown Fish: Indlu Yokuhlala
Uma ucabanga ukuthi olwandle lwasolwandle izinhlanzi zihlala phakathi kwamadwala nasolwandle ungazitholela “izinqaba” zamatshe ezimbalwa, khona-ke unephutha elikhulu ngalezi zindawo zombili. Kuliqiniso, izindlu ezinjalo zingamiswa uma zifiswa, kepha yizo lezi izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela ezinganqikanqika ukuhlala kuzo. Ngempela, olwandle, ikhaya labo elijwayelekile ama-anemones olwandle, noma ama-anemone olwandle.
Ukusondelana kwabo nezinhlanzi ezi-clown zihlukile ngohlobo lwazo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-anemone yolwandle iyisidlakudla esidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ibangele ukushiswa okubulalayo. Kodwa-ke, ekubambeni izinhlanzi, ngemuva “kokujwayelana” namatende wama-anemone olwandle, ngokuwathinta ngamaphiko, kukhiqizwa isigaxa esikhethekile emzimbeni, futhi sibavikele eziseleni ezixinayo zalezi zingaphakathi zamathumbu futhi zibavumele ukuba bathuthele endaweni engenalutho eyakhiwe udonga lwetabernakele.
Kepha emuva ku-aquarium. Uma ufuna, ungangeza esilwaneni sakhe izihlobo zakhe ezingenalo ulaka kwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa usayizi ofanayo naye. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zinhle kakhulu futhi zizolile, kepha uma ubona umuntu ezitheni, khona-ke ukubhala kusuke kungasekho. Bazokucindezela futhi balume umuntu ompofu uze umsuse ku-aquarium. Ngakho-ke qaphela.
Izinhlanzi Clown: okuphakelayo!
Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, lezi ezifuywayo zidinga ukondliwa. Azithobeki futhi zingasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukudla kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, zombili ezomile (ezithengiwe) kanye neziqhwa (ngokwesibonelo, squid, shrimp, njll.). Bajwayela noma yikuphi ukudla okunikezwayo.
I-Clown fish: ubani?
Ngakho-ke, okuphakelayo, ama-anemone olwandle ne-aquarium sekumi ngomumo, kusala ukuthenga izinhlanzi uqobo lwazo. Ngokwemvelo, gazinga. Kepha uma ufika esitolo sezilwane, uthola indida eyinqaba: onke amantshontsho amancane angabafana. Ungamangali, lezi zinhlanzi zizalwa ngabesilisa kuphela, abantu abakhulu kakhulu kamuva bazoba amantombazane. Ngakho-ke bheka ngokucophelela: uma ufuna insikazi, thatha inhlanzi enkulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho - uma udinga umfana, omncane.
Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo kulula ukuzilungiselela; ziyisinqumo esihle sokuqala. Kukhona ngisho ithoyizi - inhlanzi eyi-clown flying (isithombe), noma iyiphi ingane eyokujabulela ukuyamukela. Noma kunjalo, izilwane ezifuywayo bukhoma zingcono kakhulu. Nakekela izinhlanzi zakho, uzinikeze izimo zokuphila ezinhle - futhi zizokujabulisa ngemivimbo yazo egqamile nomlingiswa omangalisayo emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi uyathandeka futhi uyathandeka. Kungakho isibalo esandayo sabantu sizitholela owabo “umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi”, bakhetha ukwethula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi ezitsheni abazithandayo ezifuywayo. Ikakhulu ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, i-clownfish eyaziwa ngamakhathuni ibonakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Umuntu okhanyayo, ohamba phambili, onomusa futhi ongalibaleki ngokoqobo udonsela ukunaka futhi abeke emphefumlweni ukuthula kokucabanga nokuzilibazisa kwempilo.
Umsuka
I-Amphiprion ocellaris clown (Amphiprion ocellaris) yachazwa nguCuvier ngonyaka we-1830. Kutholakala olwandle i-Indo-Western Pacific Ocean nasempumalanga ye-Indian Ocean. I-Thailand, iMalaysia, i-Australia, i-Singapore, kudlula e-Indonesia, ePhilippines, ukusuka enyakatho kuye eTaiwan kanye nesiqhingi saseRyukyu. Lolu hlobo alufakwa ku-Red Book.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zitholakala ezindlini ezibandayo ezingajulile, ezigodini ezisogwini nasemigqonyeni enodaka. Zingahlala futhi emaphethelweni angaphandle emathafeni asogwini nasogwini, kepha zihlala emanzini angajulile kusuka kumamitha ayi-15 kuya kwayi-15. Zidla kuma-zoobenthos, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans, ama-amphipods, ama-shrimps amancane nama-birdine shrimps, kanye ne-algae, detritus ne-invertebrate plankton.I-anemone eyodwa enkulu ilungele umbhangqwana wabantu abadala noma izinhlanzi eziningi ezingatheni.
Abantu abadala bahlala ezigodini zamakhorali, phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-anemone olwandle, kufaka phakathi iHeteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla gigantea kanye neMertens carpet anemone (Stichodactyla mertensii), ebavikela ezilwaneni ezidla izindwani. Lezi zinhlanzi zincike kakhulu kwi-anemone yazo yasolwandle futhi ayizibeki engcupheni yokuhamba ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka-30 ukusuka kule ndlu evikelayo. Kunokuqagela ukuthi izinhlanzi ezizi-clown zisebenzisa ukubukeka okukhanyayo okuwolintshi njengombala "wokuxwayisa" ukuxwayisa ababhekeli phambili ngengozi engaba khona yokubanjwa uma bebhukuda eduze kwe-anemone yolwandle.
Incazelo nezinhlobo
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zinomzimba oqanda oqinile onemali eyindilinga eyindilinga, okubenza bangabhukudi kakhulu. Kunezinhlayiya eziyi-11 dorsal nge-dip ejulile phakathi. Kubukeka sengathi inhlanzi inama-dinsal fins amabili.
Imibala ejwayelekile yomzimba iwolintshi enamazinga ahlukahlukene okuqina, ukusuka ku-dandelion ephuzi kuya koshini we-tangerine, imivimbo emithathu ebanzi emhlophe ibheke emzimbeni. Onqenqemeni lwangaphandle lomucu, azungezwe ngumphetho omnyama omnyama (ukuhlukahluka okuthile akunaso isicubu esimnyama). Umngcele omnyama uphinde udlulele eceleni komngcele ongaphandle wamadorsal, caudal, pectoral, kanye ne-ventral fins.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwenhlanzi lumnyama ngemivimbo emithathu emhlophe efanayo. Lezi izingoma ezihlala eduze kwase-Australia.
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo (ukuhlukahluka kwemibala) ezitholakala ngokuzalaniswa kwasemanzini.
Isithwathwa. I-Orange Amphiprion Ocellaris, imichilo emhlophe ayijwayelekile futhi ayibanzi kangako kodwa ayixhunyiwe komunye nomunye. Okumhlophe ngokwengeziwe, kubiza kakhulu inhlanzi.
Le nhlobonhlobo yezinhlanzi nayo inentengo ephakeme! Imichilo emibili yokuqala ixhumene futhi ibanzi kakhulu, imboza iningi lezinhlanzi. Amanye amasampula anomhlophe kakhulu kunamanye.
. Le clownfish ihlukaniswa ngamaphiko amnyama, anombala omncane wewolintshi eduze nomzimba. Imisipha ekhanda naphakathi ihlanganiswa ndawonye ngesiga esikhulu kunokukhulu, njengokujwayelekile umbala omnyama osesigabeni ngasinye. Ibhendi ekucineni kwe-dorsal ingaba banzi futhi ibe mfushane ngokwengeziwe.
. Okuthile phakathi kwe-amphiprion ocellaris emnyama neqhwa leqhwa. Inhlanzi imnyama neningi elimhlophe, njengeqhwa leqhwa.
Wonke amawolintshi ngaphandle kwemiphetho emhlophe namnyama emithini.
. Umbala omfushane onsundu obumnyama obumnyama.
. Lezi izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinsundu ezimnyama ezinqenqemeni elimnyama elimnyama emaphini nemivimbo emithathu emnyama.
I-Ocellaris emnyama enethashaza elikhulu elimhlophe ekhaveni yegill.
I-amphiprion yamanga-yamanga . Inhlanzi ejwayelekile evamile enemidwebo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu engakhuli ngokuphelele emboza ingxenye yesine yobukhulu bomzimba, noma ngokumane inhlanganisela encane emhlophe.
. Umzimba omnyama, omunye umucu omhlophe ekhanda, eminye imivimbo emhlophe imfushane, ifana nomugqa, hhayi umucu.
Izinhlanzi ze-Clown zingafinyelela ubude obu-9 cm futhi zihlala e-aquarium yasekhaya ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuze kube iminyaka engama-20.
IClownfish Ocellaris inconyelwe abaqalayo endaweni yokuzijabulisa yasolwandle yasolwandle, inzima kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela. Ubeka kuqala ezinhlanzini zasolwandle eziyishumi eziphezulu zabaqalayo! Iyamelana nezifo ezithathelwanayo kakhulu, akuvamile ukuba ihlaselwe izifo. Izinhlanzi ze-Amphiprion ngokuvamile ziqinile kakhulu, futhi, uma zinegciwane, zingalashwa ngemithi nangamalungiselelo ethusi. Okuphakanyisiwe ekudingisweni.
Izinyoni zasendle ezihlaselwe endalweni azibekezeli kakhulu futhi zingathatha isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa nazo. Ngesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kubalulekile ukunikeza izinhlanzi zasolwandle ngamanzi ahlanzekile nokudla okuphilayo ukubasiza bazivumelanise nezimo. Ngokuvimbela izinhlanzi ezisanda kuthengwa ezibanjwe olwandle, ungahlela ukubhukuda kokuvinjwa emanzini ngama-formalin kanye nama-malachite amajikijolo ukuvikela ezinye izifo.
Izinhlanzi zasolwandle “zasendle” zingadinga i-anemone yasolwandle ephethwe, kodwa hhayi uma igcinwa nomakhelwane abanokuthula. Khumbula ukuthi ukucindezela kubangela ukukhathazeka ngokweqile futhi kungaholela ekuguleni - lokhu kuvamile kuzo zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini. Uma une-anemone, inikeze nge-aquarium yobukhulu obufanele bezinhlobo ezithile nokukhanya okudingekayo. Ukukhethwa komakhelwane e-aquarium yezinhlanzi ze-Clown kukhuliswa kakhulu uma kune-anemone yolwandle yokuvikela.
Ama-Clown alungile kunoma yiziphi izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinosawoti kanye nezixhobo. Le yinhlanzi enamanzi anosawoti enhle ye-aquarium encane / ye-nano, ingagcinwa ngisho nase-aquarium yamalitha angama-35, inqobo nje uma ikhwalithi yamanzi igcinwa ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ezivame ukwenziwa. Uma ufuna ukugcina izinhlanzi ezimbalwa (owesilisa nowesifazane), uzodinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-70. I-Ocellaris ingagcinwa i-anemone yasolwandle noma ngaphandle kwayo, ungasebenzisa amakhorali namanye ama-invertebrates asemanzini, kanye namatshe aphilayo (amatshe ajwayele ukusetshenziswa yizinhlanzi njengendawo yokukhosela).
Lapho ugcina ama-amphiprion ngama-anemone olwandle (i-sea anemones), i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-200 noma ngaphezulu iyadingeka, ngokuya ngezimo zokugcina i-anemone yolwandle. Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zokukhanyisa izinhlanzi ezingama-clown, kepha i-anemone idinga ukukhanyiswa okwenele kanye ne-aquarium endala, ehlala isikhathi eside, kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Ukuhamba kwamanzi akudingekile, kepha ukunyakaza okuncane kwezinye izindawo ze-aquarium kuyinto efiselekayo. Noma yimuphi umhlabathi ungasetshenziswa.
Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlanzi zivimba i-anemone yolwandle kanye nokugcwala kwayo okugwazayo, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zizochitha isikhathi esiningi nazo futhi, “zibhukuda” ematendeni.
Ama-Clown ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho izinga lokushisa livame ukuba ngu-26.7 ° C. E-aquarium, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaba ngu-23- 26 ° C. Ukuqunjelwa ngaphezulu kwe-32 ° C noma ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C kuzodlula ukubekezelelwa kwawo. Ukunwebeka kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angama-26 ° C - 28 ° C.
Izinketho zokuqukethwe
Isibani: noma
Ukushisa : 23 - 28 ° C,
Izinga lokushisa : 26 ° - 28 ° C,
Amandla adonsela phansi : 1.023-1.025 SG,
pH : 7.8-8.4.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi ezi-clown zilukhuni kakhulu futhi zilula ukuzinakekela, ukunakekelwa kufanele kube okujwayelekile futhi kubandakanya nokuguqula amanzi e-aquarium.
Ukushintsha kwamanzi uma i-aquarium inezinhlanzi kuphela . I-15% njalo emavikini ama-2 (e-aquarium efinyelela kumalitha ayi-150) noma ama-30% ngenyanga ezindaweni ezinamanzi amakhulu, kuya ngomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo. Emanzini asuka kumalitha angama-400, ama-20% -30% njalo emavikini ayisithupha, kuya ngomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo.
Izinguquko zamanzi emathangini omhlanga . Ama-5% njalo ngeviki (e-aquarium efinyelela kumalitha ayi-150), ama-15% njalo emavikini ama-2 kuma-aquariums angaphezu kwamalitha ayi-150. Emanzini asuka kumalitha angama-400, ama-10% kanye njalo emavikini amabili noma afike kuma-20% ngenyanga, kuya ngomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo.
I-Clown Percula
Iningi labantu ligotshwa ngokwezifiso eFlorida, ama-orange predominates ngombala, kukhona imivimbo emithathu emhlophe ebanzi futhi ahlukanise imivimbo emnyama emzimbeni, kutholakala umngcele omnyama kuwo wonke amaphiko, ubude bomzimba bezinhlanzi buyi-12 cm.
IClown Percula ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kulezi zinhlanzi.
Umbala uqukethe owolintshi, omhlophe nomnyama, imivimbo emnyama incane kunaleyo yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-clown, ubude bomzimba obuphakeme bufika ku-11 cm, isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwenhloko yinhloko, ukwakheka okufana nesele, kanye nomngcele omnyama ozungeze amehlo.
Ngenxa ikhathuni elithi "Ukuthola Nemo," inhlanzi zathandwa kakhulu ezinganeni
I-Chocolate Clown
Umbala umelelwa yimivimbo nsundu naphuzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-amphiprions, le nhlobo inamasayizi amakhulu, owesilisa angaba ngu-15 cm ubude, umbala womzimba wokushintshwa kwezinhlanzi ezinje ngeminyaka, izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zimnyama kakhulu kunabantu abasha.
Le nhlanzi ayimukeli futhi inganconywa kubaqalayo bamanzi asemanzini okuzala.
Ukondla nokondla
Izinhlanzi ze-Ocellaris Clown ziyamangaza.Emvelweni, zidla ngokudla okuyi-algae, ama-shrimps amancane kakhulu, ama-anemone tentreet, izinhlanzi ze-caviar plankton, izibungu zezinhlanzi kanye nezinye izibungu. Nikeza ukudla kwasolwandle ngezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yenyama enjenge-brine shrimp, inhlanzi ebunjiwe, i-shrimp ne-Mysis. Ungangeza futhi ama-flakes nama-granule aqukethe i-spirulina ekudleni kwakho uma kungekho algae elanele e-aquarium ukubondla.
Abantu abadala bondliwa kabili ngosuku, intsha kathathu ngosuku. Ukudla kufanele kudliwe ngemizuzu emi-3. E-aquarium kufanele kube nendawo enenkambo ebuthakathaka ukuze izinhlanzi zidle ngokuphephile.
I-red clown
Umbala oyinhloko kulo mbala ubomvu, phakathi komzimba nekhanda kukhona umucu wokulinganisa okumhlophe, kwinhlanzi yabantu abadala izinhlangothi ziqala ukuba mnyama bese zicishe zibe mnyama. Ngokwesayizi, izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-amphiprions azidluli ku-13 cm ubude.
Elinye igama lale nhlanzi yi-clown utamatisi.
Ulwazi oluvamile
I-Clown fish, noma i-amphiprion (Amphiprion sp.) - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezivela emndenini wePomacenter. Njengezinhlanzi eziningi zasolwandle, ama-clown abukeka ngokugqamile, angalibaleki. Lezi izinhlanzi ezinombala ocebile we-olintshi noma obomvu nokushaywa okumhlophe imicu emzimbeni.
Isici esijabulisayo se-amphiprions yi-Symbiosis yabo (ukuhlala ndawonye okunenzuzo kwezinto eziphilayo ezimbili) ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-anemone olwandle. Lezi zinhlaka zamathumbu zinezitokisi ezinamaseli okugwaza angashiya ukushiswa okukhulu noma ukubulala izilwane ezincane. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zisebenzisa i-anemone tentacle njengesiphephelo semvelo, futhi kuphakama umbuzo onengqondo - kungani ubuthi be-anemone bungasebenzi kulezi zinhlanzi?
Futhi impendulo ilula. Ngenkambiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ama-amphiprions avumelana nezimo ukuze akhulule i-mucus ekhethekile yokuvikela, eyenza izinhlanzi zinganaki ubuthi be-anemone. Ngaphambi kokuzinza "ekhaya" labo elisha, izinhlanzi ezi-Clown zizinikeza ngobunono, kuphendulwa kulokhu kucasulwa ukuthi umzimba wezinhlanzi ukhiqiza umphuzi odingekayo.
Ama-tent anemone asolwandle - indawo ephephile yezinhlanzi ezi-clown
Ngakho-ke, ama-amphiprions avikelekile ngokwethembekile ekuhlaselweni kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Esibonakalweni sokuqala sengozi, izinhlanzi zifihla phakathi kwamatende wama-anemone olwandle futhi kuzoba kubi kumuntu ozama ukubalandela - isibalo esikhulu sokusha, okungenani, kuqinisekisiwe. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-clown akuvamile ukubhukuda kude "nendlu" yawo.
Kepha izinhlanzi ezizi-clown ngokwazo ziletha inzuzo enkulu emathunjini ngokuhlanza amathumbu okugcotshwa kokudla nangokufaka amanzi phakathi kwazo, nangokufaka ezinye izinhlanzi ngombala wazo ogqamile.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zinendawo enkulu kakhulu. Uma kungabikho ama-anemone olwandle ngokwanele kule ndawo, khona-ke kuba nomzabalazo wamagazi phakathi kwenhlanzi ukuthola "indawo elangeni." Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi umbala okhanyayo wale nhlanzi uvele ngendlela eyiyo njengendlela yokuxwayisa izihlobo zabo ukuthi le ndawo ithathiwe.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zihlala emihlambini eneqembu eliqinile
Isici esilandelayo senhlanzi yama-Clown ukuthi wonke ama-fry azalwa abesilisa.
Futhi ezimweni ezifanele kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, ngokufa kowesifazane oyintloko ephaketheni, enye yabesilisa iba ngowesifazane. Emvelweni, lezi zinhlanzi zihlala emihlanjini, ziholwa ngababili babantu abakhulu kunabo bonke. Amanye amalungu eqembu ayayeka ukukhula futhi ahlala emancane kakhulu kunebhangqa eliyinhloko.
Izinhlanzi ezi-Clown zingenye yezinhlanzi ezimbalwa zasolwandle ezinqunyelwe imijikelezo yokuphila yazo ngokuphelele ekuthunjweni.
Futhi "bakhuluma kakhulu." Amphiprions ayakwazi ukuqhafaza, ukukhononda nokwenza imisindo eminingi ehlukene.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-Clown buyi-7 cm, izinhlobonhlobo ngazinye zikhula zibe amasentimitha ayi-11. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zinolaka kunezabesilisa. Umzimba uthambile kusukela ezinhlangothini, emuva kuphakeme, ikhanda lifushane. I-dorsal fin ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: umphambili we-stiffer (uqukethe imisebe eyi-10) nomhlane othambile (imisebe engu-14 kuya ku-14). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-anal kudluliselwe ku-caudal eyindilinga. Amaphinifa we-pectoral makhulu, enomzimba fan.
I-Orange amphiprion. Ukubukeka
Umbala oyisisekelo womzimba uhluka kusuka ku-orange ogqamile kuya obomvu nphuzi. Isidumbu siwela ngemivimbo emhlophe ebanzi, kwesinye isikhathi sinomngcele omnyama, otholakala nakuwo wonke amaphiko. Iris ingumbala wewolintshi okhanyayo.
Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile emvelweni siyiminyaka eyi-10, kuma-aquariums cishe izikhathi ezi-2.
Ukushaywa kwesihlalo sehhashi
Umbala oyinhloko amnyama, amachaphaza aphansi aphuzi kanye nemithende emibili emhlophe emzimbeni yimpawu zokuhluka kwalolu hlobo, ubukhulu besilisa abudluli ku-6-7 cm ubude, izintokazi zifinyelela ku-11-12 cm.
Lawa ma-clown anokuthula ku-aquarium
Habitat
Njengamanje, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 ze-amphiprion ziyaziwa. Ububanzi bezinhlanzi ezi-clown bubanzi impela. Kutholakala emanzini olwandle iPacific kanye nolwandle lwaseNdiya, kutholakala ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, ogwini lwaseJapan, ezigodini zamakhorali zase-Australia.
Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zizigqokisa amathanga ama-anemone olwandle
Imvamisa uhlala emathangeni aminyene ama-sea anemones, awanikeza ukudla nokuvikelwa. Kepha ukuhlangana nalawa ma-invertebrates akuyona imfuneko yokuba khona kwama-clown. Uma ingekho imigodi efanelekile yamathumbu, izinhlanzi zihlala phakathi kwamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi nasezigangeni zamakhorali angamadwala.
ISkunk Clown
Umbala ungapinki noma owolintshi, imicu ehlukanisa umzimba emzimbeni ayikho, isici esiyingqayizivele ukubakhona komucu omhlophe ngemuva. Ngosayizi, izinhlanzi ezinjalo azidluli ku-12 cm.
Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kunezabesilisa
Clown Snowflake
Inhlanzi ebomvu-owolintshi enemisho emithathu emile mpo emzimbeni, omele okuncane kakhulu we-amphiprions, ubude obukhulu abudluli ku-8 cm, ulaka olubhekiswe kwezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium luyivelakancane.
Inhlanzi igama layo yabizwa ngokuthi umbala wombala omhlophe owaziwa kakhulu.
Izifo Nokuvimbela
Umzimba wezinhlanzi awuvikeleki kahle ngakho-ke usengozini yokungenwa yizifo kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Uma lesi sifo singatholakali ngokushesha - ezigabeni zakamuva ngeke selashwa. Imithi ebekiwe ezimeni ezinjalo zezinye izinhlobo ayifanele, inobuthi eClown.
Ubuthi bamanzi obunamakhemikhali angalungile akuyona into engjwayelekile. I-Chlorine ne-ammonia kuvame ukubakhona emanzini ompompi:
- Ngokudakwa kwe-chlorine, inhlanzi iphulukana nokugqama kwayo, kuvela umiyane kuma-gill, isilwane sizama ukuphuma echibini. Kulokhu, iMacracantha idluliselwa ngokuphuthumayo ibe uketshezi olusha, bese kuthi kuvulwe amandla aphezulu.
- Ubuthi be-Amonia buba lapho i-reservoir ingcoliswe yimikhiqizo yokungcola. Umhlambi ukhuphukela phezulu, ukhala umoya usuka ebusweni. Ukufakelwa kuphikisiwe, kufaka i-biofilters eyengeziwe, ukuthuthukisa i-aeration.
- Ukushoda kwe-oksijini kungadala ukufa kwesilwane. Kuvela ngokuntuleka komoya isikhathi eside endaweni yokugcina amanzi enabantu abaningi.
Ukulimala kwesikhumba kungadala izilonda. Lesi sifo asithathelwanisi, kodwa sibuhlungu isilwane. Amanxeba avulekile futhi ayashiswa, ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njengoba kuchazwe yi-ichthyologist. UBotsia wayiswa kohlala yedwa ukuze omakhelwane bakhe bangazihluphi.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
I-Amphiprion ingahlasela omakhelwane ngesikhathi sokudla noma lapho isondela ezindaweni zayo eziyithandayo, isibonelo, i-snag noma amakhorali
Ukudideka kwezinhlanzi ezi-clown kungenzeka kungabi uphawu lwezinhlobo, kodwa uphawu lweqiniso. Uma umuntu otholwayo enesimo sokulwa, khona-ke kunconywa ukuyigcina ngababili (akufanele kube khona abanye abahlali e-aquarium).
- Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zizalwa ngabesilisa, kodwa enqubweni yokuphila impilo yabo iyashintsha (ekuqaleni, inhlanzi inezitho zokwakheka kahle zowesilisa nowesifazane ongakazalwa).
- Bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene (bayacofa, baveze futhi badale ukulingiswa kwama-grunts).
- I-Amphiprions iyakwazi ukulawula inqubo yokukhula komzimba wayo futhi uyiyeke (ngokwesibonelo, uma kunengozi yokuxoshwa ephaketheni ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu).
- Abantu abakhulu kuphela abanelungelo lokushada epaketheni (izinhlanzi ezincane noma ezincane ezilindele ithuba lazo noma ukufa kwangaphambi kwezihlobo ezinkulu).
- Ukuthandwa kwezinhlanzi ze-Clown kukhule ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhululwa kukhathuni "Ukuthola Nemo".
Lapho uthenga izinhlanzi ezinama-clown, kunconywa ukuhlola ngokucophelela inhlanzi. I-amphiprion enempilo inombala ogqamile futhi ibonakala ngokuziphatha okusebenzayo. Amehlo akufanele abe amafu, futhi noma yimuphi umonakalo emzimbeni awemukelekile. Uma uthenga izinhlanzi ezi-clown, ezibanjwe endle futhi zingenwe yizifo, khona-ke zonke izakhamizi zase-aquarium zingafa.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezingafani ziyehluka ngosayizi, umbala nokukhiqizwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa nakwezinye izici:
- Ukuqhafaza noma ngokuchofoza umsindo wezinhlanzi akusabisi kuphela omakhelwane abancane e-aquarium, kodwa futhi nabantu abangajwayelekile ngamakhono ezilwanyana ezinjalo.
- Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi zishaqisa umfuyi, abalele eceleni kwakhe noma azibambe ngegebe, ohlangothini kubukeka sengathi lowo muntu ushonile.
- Isisu sikaClown sinezinkomishi zokudla zokunamathisela kwizibhaxa nasematsheni.
Ukwehluka kobulili
Akukho mehluko okhethekile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ohlangothini lwe-clown. Abesifazane kuphela abavuthiwe ngokobulili ngandlela thile, ngesisu esiyindilinga.
Kunemibono eminingi maqondana nokwakheka kwe-caudal fin kwabesifazane nabesilisa, kepha konke lokhu kuvela endaweni yokuqagela.
Kukholakala ukuthi emadodeni iziphetho zephafu ye-caudal zibukhali, kanti kowesifazane uzungezwe ngaphezulu.
Ukubuka konke kwezinhlobo
Eenhlanzini ze-clown, kungokwesiko ukuhlukanisa izingxenyana ezingama-26 ezihlukile ngombala nangendlela imivimbo. Enye yezinto ezidumile kakhulu yi-white-orange amphiprion ocellaris.
Osayizi bayo basukela kuphela kuya kumasentimitha ayi-11, futhi baphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-6. Yize kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile emithethweni - kunezimo lapho inhlanzi enjeya idlakudla yaphila iminyaka engama-2.
I-Ocellaris ibukeka inokuthula impela, kepha empeleni ivame ukuluma ezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium bese ihlafuna izitshalo ezikuthangi.
Yize lolu hlobo lungelutho futhi aludingi kuphela ukukhanya kwamanzi nekhwalithi ephezulu, luphila kabi nezinye izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi uma lwamuva luncane. I-clown utamatisi, ibomvu, ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasolwandle, ngenxa yombala wayo ogqamile, kanye nosayizi ofinyelela amasentimitha ayi-14.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mosagated, imililo, ipinki, isihlalo sokudanisa nokunye ukuphakama kuyathandwa phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini.
Umhlambi wokudansa nokushibilika uzungeze izitshalo ku-loach aquarium, into ethokozisayo futhi emangalisayo. Lapho uqukethe iBotsi, ungachitha amahora amaningi ubukele ngenhliziyo ukuthi uquleka kanjani ngobuvila emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba, ugoqana, ucashe ezindaweni eziyinqaba nezingacabangi, futhi ekugcineni, balala nezisu zabo phezulu - ngenxa yokuthi abasemanzini bacabanga ukuthi bafa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi, uBotsi angaveza injabulo yakhe ngochungechunge lokuchofoza.
Izifo
Isifo esijwayelekile futhi esiyingozi kakhulu se-bots-Clown yi-decoy.
Kubukeka njengamachashazi amhlophe egijima emzimbeni kanye namaphiko enhlanzi. Kancane kancane, inani labo liyanda kuze kube yilapho inhlanzi ibulawa ukukhathala.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlanzi ezingenazikali noma ezinezikali ezincane kakhulu zihlupheka kakhulu kulo, kanti i-bobia ibhekisela kokunjalo nje.
Lapho welapha, into esemqoka ukungabambezeli!
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngenhla kwama-30 degrees Celsius (30-31), bese ufaka leyo mithi emanzini. Ukukhetha kwabo manje kukhulu impela, futhi izinto ezisebenzayo zivame ukufana futhi ziyehluka ngokulingana kuphela.
Kepha, noma ngabe ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, akukhona njalo ukusindisa izinhlanzi, ngoba manje ziningi izingqinamba ze-semolina ezingamelana nazo.
I-Clown fish ungomunye wabamele izikebhe zasolwandle ezihlabe umxhwele, abakwazi ukuhlala hhayi kuphela olwandle olujulile, kodwa futhi nase-aquarium. Futhi namuhla, sizokutshela ngempilo izinhlanzi ezishisayo olwandle, nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani inhlanzi enemigqa ekhaya!
Mangaki ama-clown ahlala emanzini?
Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-clown e-aquarium sikhulu kunasolwandle olujulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwengozi ngohlobo lwenhlanzi edla inyama.
Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengama-20. Ekhaya, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, inhlanzi iphila, ngokwesilinganiso, isuka eminyakeni eyi-10, kepha uma umgcini wasemanzini enakekela isilwane ngokucophelela nangokuzimisela, kungajabulisa amashumi amabili eminyaka, noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuthi izinhlwathi zingaki zihlala e-aquarium kuya ngokuthi ithengwe kuphi inhlanzi. Abathengisi abangabazayo ngesinye isikhathi bathanda 'ukushisela phezulu' kubantu ababanjwe olwandle. Ama-Clown anjalo angaguga noma agule, futhi empeleni awakufanelekeli ukuhlala ekudingisweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inhlanzi inempilo futhi igcotshwa ngokuqondile empilweni e-aquarium.
Futhi, isikhathi sokuphila kwenhlanzi sincike ngosayizi waso: ama-clown amancane aphile okuncane.
Ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinkomba zamanzi kuzovikela izinhlanzi ezifweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho kungenzeka ukuthi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwezakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Incazelo yeClown Fish
I-Clown fish noma ama-amphiprions konke kusukela ekuzalweni kuya kwabesilisa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bayakwazi ukuguqula ubulili, lapho abesifazane bezokwakheka besuka kwabesilisa. Isici esibonakalayo umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa ngosayizi. Isilisa, ngokwesibonelo, lincane kakhulu, futhi ikhanda lifushane ngomhlane ophakeme, futhi umzimba uthambile. Amaphiko angenhla ahlukaniswe: umhlane uthambile, umphambili unama-spikes, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubukeka sengathi kunama-fins amabili e-dorsal. Umbala wezinhlanzi uhluke kakhulu, kepha uqhakazile kuwo wonke umuntu: i-orange, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi enemibala emnyama nomhlophe. Inhlanzi idla ama-crustaceans amancane kanye ne-algae.
Amphiprions aphile emihlambini emincane, eholwa ngowesifazane osemdala njalo. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, insikazi iyakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa endaweni eseduze yolwandle i-anemone. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-caviar ivuthwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, kuthi ngenkathi kutheleka i-fry, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zibaqashe ngazo zonke izindlela ezingase zivele, okuhluke ngokuphelele kuzo! Kuphela izizukulwane ezizayo, abakulungele ukunikela ngesibindi izimpilo zabo, bakhohlwe ngokwesaba.
Izici Zokuqukethwe
Umhlabathi ofanele isihlabathi samakhorali, osayizi bawo bayizinhlayiyana ezisukela ku-3 kuye ku-5 cm. Ama-anemones bukhoma kufanele atshalwe ngaphakathi, amakhorali nama-grottoes kufanele abekwe.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele ligcinwe esifundeni sokushisa okungama-25- 26 degrees, kanye ne-acidity esezingeni le-8- kuye ku-8.4 pH.
Amanzi kuzodingeka ukuthi afakwe esikhundleni kanye kanye ngesonto, kusetshenziswa i-10% yevolumu ephelele, noma njalo emavikini amabili, kodwa uketshezi oluphindwe kabili.
Izinqubo ezinjengokuhlunga, i-aeration nokuhlanza amathangi nazo kufanele zibe nesibopho.
Enye inkomba yokuphoqelela ukukhanyisa okwanele.
Ngokuqondene nokudla okunempilo, i-amphiprion ayiveli ngokuphelele kulolu daba, ngoba ezimweni zemvelo imvamisa sithatha izinsalela ze-anemone. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe okuhloselwe izinhlanzi zamadwala nokuxubha okubukhoma kwe-shrimp, squid ne-shellfish kufanelekile.
Isixazululo esihle ingxube yenyama yezinhlanzi kanye ne-algae. Kamuva, ama-clown akhetha i-spirulina, oluhlaza okotshani obomvu oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu. Ama-Clown adla kabili, noma kathathu ngosuku, kepha njalo ngezingxenye ezincane.
Izingcezu ezinkulu kuqala kufanele zigaye.
Ubudala bezinhlanzi "zentsha" kufanele bunikezwe inani lokudla okungukuthi okungenani kube u-6% wesisindo somzimba sabo sonke.
Isiphetho
Izinhlanzi zeClown ekhaya ziba izintandokazi zangempela zabanikazi bazo. Bangabameleli abateleka kakhulu bezilwane zasolwandle, ababheki ngokwedlulele kuphela, kodwa futhi banekhono "lokukhuluma." Ama-amphiprions awathobeki uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zolwandle, okuwukuphela kobuqili kwizinkomba zamanzi kubhekwa njengokuthi "indawo ebuthaka" yalezi zinhlanzi ezishisayo.
Ama-Clown ajabulisa izingane ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezu kwezingane ezinamathole! Lapho unakekela inhlanzi enjalo, ungagabisa kwabangane bakho nakwabajwayele ukuthi uneyakho, i-Nemo eyenziwe ngezandla.
Indawo Yokuhlanza Izinhlanzi
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-30 izinhlanzi ezishisayo abahlala olwandle iminyaka eyi-10, kepha ekhaya isikhathi sokuphila siyelulwa. Kepha into ukuthi e-aquarium ayikho ingozi enjalo, kanti olwandle, izinhlanzi zihlala ngokwesaba okungapheli ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Ubukhulu i-amphiprion ayidluli ku-20 cm, ngakho-ke icosha indlu emathangeni aminyene wama-anemone olwandle, ematendeni ama-anemones olwandle, lapho kungekho khona umuntu ongayithola, futhi ayishiyi ekhaya.
Indawo Yokuhlanza Izinhlanzi oLwandle iPacific nolwaseNdiya, ezihlotsheni zase-Australia, empumalanga ye-Afrika, ngasogwini lwaseJapan nasePolynesia. Ubuwazi ukuthi kukhona okuthile okusetshenziswayo kunhlanzi encane kangaka? Ngempela kunjalo! Clown nakekela amakhorali, uwafaka njalo amanzi azungezile futhi ususe izinsalela zokudla.
Qukethe -zithobayo izinhlanzi ezishisayo Akunzima ngokuphelele! Into kuphela ukuthi baba nolaka e-aquarium, ngakho-ke cabanga ngalesi sici lapho ezinye izinhlanzi zabiwa nazo. Kuyiqiniso, izinhlanzi zamadwala zidinga amakhorali kanye nezimila (ama-anemones), lapho zicasha futhi zimane ziphile. Kubantu abaningana, i-aquarium yamalitha angama-50-70 yanele, futhi amanzi adinga ukushintshwa masonto onke. Setha izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngamadigri angama-25-27, isihlungi sinamandla akho.
Yondla ama-clown dinga kanye ngosuku ngokudla okwomile, noma uphile. Izingcezu ze-squid nezinhlanzi, i-shrimp, i-brine shrimp, i-algae zilungile njengokudla okubukhoma.
Umlando womsuka
Indawo ephambili yezinhlanzi ezi-clown endle amanzi afudumele ama-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Lezi izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezivela emndenini wePomacenter.
Incazelo yokuqala yama-amphiprions itholakala emithonjeni ye-1830 futhi ingekaGeorges Cuvier. Ukujwayela kwendalo ngenhlanzi ekhanyayo nengavamile kwenzeka ogwini lwase-Australia. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, kwenziwa imizamo yokubamba izinhlanzi ezingama-clown ukuze zijwayele kakhulu izimo zasemanzini.
Okudingayo
Endle, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zidla emadwaleni, kuma-crustaceans amancane, nakwezinye izinto ezincane ezincanyana. Ukudla okukhulu kwefry yi-plangton. Ukuxhumana okusondelene ne-sea anemone ezimeni zemvelo kusiza ama-amphiprions ukuthi azinikele ngokudla ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Izinhlanzi zidla izinsalela zokudla kwakhe.
Indlela yokuphila nomlingiswa
Izixhobo zamakhorali - kulapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezingama-clown. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokuphila emhlambini omncane emahlathini ama-anemone olwandle. Amphiprions abe ne-Symbiosis enhle kakhulu neyamuva. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zidlule i-anemones, kanye nama-fidgets amancane zimane "zigeze" ngamatshe wazo anoshevu?
Eqinisweni, imfihlo ilula impela: izinhlanzi zamakhorali zibhukuda kuyi-anemone yolwandle futhi ziyinikeze “ukubambabaza” okuncane ukuthola ukwakheka komsuka wolwandle. Lapho-ke imizimba yabo ikhiqiza umunyu ofanayo ohlanganisa yonke imizimba yabo futhi uvikele esenzweni sokugwazwa kwamangqamuzana. Ngakho-ke, ama-amphiprions angahamba kalula futhi aphile ngaphakathi kwe-anemone yolwandle.
Umfelandawonye onjalo unenzuzo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi: inhlanzi e-clown idla izinsalela zezinto ezifile ngaphakathi kwe-anemone, uyihlanze ingaphakathi, bese kuthi yona, kamuva inikeze inhlanzi isivikelo kanye nokuvikelwa izinyamazane. "I-Nemo" ayikaze ibhukude ekhaya labo, futhi, yize isayizi yabo encane, bayivikela kakhulu - bayaphuthuma ezitheni bayicishe uma besondelene ne-anemone yolwandle.
Kukhona isikhundla esithile emhlabeni wezinhlanzi. Ama "Nemo" amancane ahlala emindenini emincane, ngayinye iqukethe izinsikazi ezivelele, owesilisa (ngasendleleni, mikhulu kunezinye ngobukhulu) nabanye abesilisa. Abantu besifazane bavuka kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, futhi ngesikhathi bangabekela amaqanda ayinkulungwane! Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezingane, "ubaba" akamshiyi isinyathelo esisodwa: ugcwalisa amaqanda nge-oksijini futhi uwavikele ngesibindi kwizidlakudla.
"I-Nemo" ayikaze ibhukude kude nasekhaya futhi, ngaphandle kosayizi wayo omncane, iyivikela kakhulu
Phakathi kwamagatsha e-anemone, ama-amphiprion asebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo futhi azama ukungasuki endaweni yawo yokufihla ikhanda
Ezindaweni zokuhlala zemvelo, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zihlala emihlanjini encane ngaphansi kokuholwa ngowesifazane omkhulu kunabo bonke. Njengohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala, ama-amphiprions akhetha ama-thickets ama-anemone olwandle anobuthi. Inqubo yokulungiswa kwemali ihambisana nesiko elithile. Inhlanzi ithinta umzimba wamatende we-anemone kaningana. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, ingaphezulu lezinhlanzi ezi-clown zimbozwe nge-mucus yokuvikela.
Izici zendlela yokuphila kwezinhlanzi ezi-clown e-aquarium:
- inhlanzi eyi-Clown idinga indawo yokukhosela (uma ingekho, kungabonakala ukukhathazeka ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi, futhi iyoba nolaka),
- uma izinsikazi ezimbili zibekwe emanzini, ngokuqinisekile omunye wabo uzozama ukuqeda imbangi yakhe,
- Okuqukethwe okukodwa kwe-amphiprion ku-aquarium noma ukuntuleka kokudla kungavusa ulaka,
- izinhlanzi ezisebenzisa umdanso ngokuqapha zigcina indawo yazo yokuhlala, zizama ukuluma, ziklabaze ngezikhafu noma zihlasele umenzi wobubi nangezinye izindlela (endle, ukuphakelwa kungabhekwa njengezindlela ezahlukahlukene njengemithombo yengozi).
Umlando wezilwane ezifuywayo
Umlando wokufakwa kwe-orange amphiprion noma i-amphiprion ocellaris e-aquarium uqonde kahle. Ivela ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka - inkathi emakwe yi-heyday ye-mass world aquarium. Ngo-1905, eNew York, isiteshi sezilwane saseMelika samemezela iphrojekthi yaso entsha, yokufuya izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezihlala kwamanye amazwe e-aquarium, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho ukuthandwa kwama-amphiprion we-orange nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziningi kwazuza ngokushesha futhi eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela lenyukela ezulwini.
Manje i-clown ebukekayo ihlala itholakala emizini yaseRussia, namanje ejabulisa iso ngemibala nokufumbathisa ngensimbi yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi wekhaya uNemo angaqhosha hhayi kuphela ubuhle be-aquarium yakhe, kodwa futhi nolwazi oluwusizo, oluthi, uma lwethulwa kahle, lube nendaba ethokozisayo yokuthi zingobani lezi zinhlanzi ezi-clown futhi kungani zinesifiso sangempela emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eminingi.
E-Russia, i-orange amphiprion ibilokhu ithandwa kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule. EMelika, eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 eyedlule, wathola isihloko senhlanzi ezitshalwa kakhulu e-aquarium.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yezinhlanzi zamawolintshi
Uma sikhumbula kafushane ukwakheka kukhathuni "Ukuthola uNemo", khona-ke yilowo nalowo wethu uzoba nokudabuka okuncane, ngoba kuye iqhawe elincane elahlekelwe ngunina ekuqaleni nje futhi lakhuliswa ubaba okhumbula isithandwa sakhe impilo yakhe yonke. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha le ndaba ayimangalisa kangako. Into yokuthi ama-amphiprion we-orange, njengazo ezinye izinhlanzi zamakhorali, anokuphilayo emvelweni, okungukuthi, anezici zobulili zabesilisa nabesifazane. Uma kunesidingo, bangashintsha ubulili babo noma badlale izindima ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.
Emindenini yalezi zinhlanzi, kunesikhundla esithile: isifazane, esiphethe indima ehamba phambili, siyisikhulu kunazo zonke. Nguye kuphela kanye nomlingani wakhe, kanye nenzalo yakhe, abangahlala i-anemone eyodwa yolwandle, indlu yokuhlala ngeke ilunge ngaphezu komndeni owodwa, futhi abaniniyo ngeke bajabule. Uma owesifazana, omela imithetho nemithetho owalalelwayo ngumndeni, afe ngokuzumayo, owesilisa uthola amalungelo akhe “nesimo senhlalo” yakhe, ngalesi sikhathi ushintsha izimfanelo zakhe zobulili futhi abe ngumama wezingane zakhe, futhi indima kababa, uma kunesidingo, ibahola kakhulu kunabesilisa - intsha. Kwezinye izimo, i-amphiprion - inhloko yomndeni ingaba nobaba nomama ngasikhathi sinye, ngaleyondlela abaningi bezinhlanzi ezi-clown bazama izindima eziningana empilweni yabo, njengoMartin, owakhulisa uNemo ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komkakhe othandekayo.
Clown amaMoorish
I-Premnas biaculeatus - Izakhiwo zeClown Moorish noma Izakhiwo zeBiocellatus, iRed Premans, eYurophu zibizwa ngoClaret Clownfish.
Umzimba wakhe upendiwe ngempela ngombala ojulile we-burgundy (kwesinye isikhathi owolintshi), uwela imivimbo emithathu emhlophe ebanzi edlulayo enomugqa omnyama. Kepha kuma-subspecies eSumatran, angaba golide.
Bahlala ekujuleni (kuya ku-15 m) ekujuleni kweNtshonalanga Pacific - Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines kanye neMalaysia.
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyizinhlobo ezinolaka kakhulu futhi ezingaphili ezingagcinwa e-aquarium ngokwahlukana, noma zivela kwabanye abafowethu emndenini wePomacenter.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, azalela kalula endaweni yokuhlala uma ehlala e-typiosis ene-vesicemia.
Usayizi ophakathi nendawo (kufika ku-8-9 cm), ozohambisana ngisho nethangi elincane lasolwandle.
Ziyakwazi ukuqhakaza kakhulu futhi zithambekele ezifweni eziningi, ngakho-ke, ukuhlala zodwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukungena endaweni edingekayo.
Ama-pink Clown
Amphiprion perideraion akhula afinyelela ku-11-12 cm, ahlala ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwangama-39 e-Eastern Pacific - ngasogwini lwe-Indonesia, Thailand neMalaysia.
Umzimba unombala opinki osawolintshi, amapayipi acishe abe sobala, kepha ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama, bese kudlula umucu omude munye kuphela, umngcele wekhanda.
I-Amphiprions emise okwenziwe ngesihlalo sokudabuka
I-Amphiprion polymnus noma iClownish Clownfish inesilinganiso esingu-9-11 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ikhula ibe ngu-13cm cm.Lawa angabesifazane, abesilisa abancane kakhulu. Ilungiselela indlela yokuphila yasebusuku ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-15 ukusuka ogwini olusentshonalanga yePacific - Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Umzimba ogobekile, uthambile kusuka ezinhlangothini, uvame ukuba nombala osawolintshi, kepha izindawo ezimhlophe zitholakala ngendlela eyinqayizivele - enophondo noma isikhafu esibanzi ekhanda, lapho kufiphaliswa umdwebo we-caudal fin (kukhona nemibala emnyama) kanye “nesihlalo sehhashi” esiyindilinga ngemuva, ngaphansi nje maphakathi nendawo .
Amphiprions aseNyakatho Indian
Amphiprion sebae akhetha ukujula okungamamitha angama-30 futhi ahlala kuphela oLwandlekazi i-Indian - e-Oman, Aden, Persian Gulfs kanye nasolwandle i-Andaman.
Esikhundleni salokho inhlanzi enkulu, ekhula ibe ngu-16-16 cm. Umbala oyisidumbu omnyama umnyama nge-tint eblue, le ngxenye enzima yamaphisi we-dorsal kanye ne-pectoral, imivimbo emhlophe emibili ebanzi idlula ekhanda nasemzimbeni (ithumba ingxenye ethambile yemisebe ye-dorsal). Umsila uphuzi okhanyayo.
Imivimbo ephuzi
Amphiprion sandaracinos avame ukubizwa nge-Orange noma ama-Skunk Clown, odida ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo emndenini. Umzimba wezinhlanzi, okhula ube ngu-14-15 cm, ungumbala wewolintshi ngempela ngaphandle kwemisho eshintshashintshayo, kukhona umugqa omfishane owodwa omhlophe osuka esiqongweni sekhaleni uye kufizi le-caudal.
Ihlala ekujuleni kuka-2 kuya ku-19 m ezindaweni ezinamanzi eduze kweThailand, Indonesia, Philippines, kanye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi eWestern Pacific.
Amphiprions oLwandle Olubomvu
I-Amphiprion bicinctus ihlalwa kuphela eLwandle Olubomvu, iGulf of Aden nesiqhingi saseChagos. Iphila ekujuleni kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-30 m.
Umzimba ne-plumage yomzimba (engezansi ingaba yiveli) ngophuzi, imithende emibili emhlophe ebanzi ephethe umngcele omnyama omnyama eduze kwekhanda naphakathi emuva ngemuva. Kwezinye izinhlanzi, zingaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Emajukeni, umbala uvame ukwehluka - umbala omhlophe uthwebula umsila kanye nomdwebo we-dorsal, kungaba nophawu olumnyama kuwo. Inhlanzi ikhula ibe ngu-14-15 cm.
Amphiprions we-Orange Fin
I-Amphiprion chrysopterus - inhlanzi encane, engafinyeleli ku-7-8 cm, ihlukaniswa ngamabili ububanzi, ngokuhlangana kwekhabhoni, imichilo eshintshashintshayo emzimbeni we-chocolate nophuzi (ngamajoni amancane) noma ngamakhandlela e-orange ekhanyayo nekhanda. Zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu kuphela emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific.
Fish Clown Fish
I-epippium ye-Amphiprion ihlala oLwandle i-Andaman, i-Indonesia, iThailand kanye nezinye izindawo ezisentshonalanga yolwandle i-Indian Ocean ekujuleni kolwandle (3-15 m). Akhula aze afike ku-14-17 cm, akhethe i-Symbiosis ene-crisp enesikhumba kanye ne-anemic anemone.
Umzimba uqhakazile - owolintshi-ophuzi, ufana nokukhanya, nendawo enkulu yamalahle ngemuva komzimba.
I-Clown Fish White Riding Hood
I-Amphiprion leucokranos ikhula ibe ngu-12-13 cm futhi ihlala ezifundeni zeCentral and Western Pacific. Umzimba uphuzi noma owolintshi onamapulangwe afanayo nokhakhayi olumhlophe olukhanyayo ekhanda, oluhlanganisa imichilo yeqhwa ehlukanisanayo emibili - obude obude, obumboze ikhanda, buqhekeze.
Inhlanzi Emnyama Clown
I-Amphiprion melanopus ifinyelela kusayizi ka-10 kuya ku-14 cm, ithanda i-Symbiosis ene-bubbly anemone futhi ihlala ezigodini zamakhorali ogwini lwase-Australia, Indonesia nasePhilippines.Umzimba, kanye namaphiko, kucishe kube bomvu nge-tint ye-orange, imnyama ngemuva, ibhendi emhlophe ebanzi enomphetho omnyama ozungeze ikhanda. Ngobudala, umbala uyemnyama, uthatha cishe i-charcoal hue. Ihlala ekujuleni okujulile, ifinyelela ku-12 m m.
Izilwanyane Clown Fish
Amphiprion nigripes izinhlanzi ezikhula zibe ngu-11 ukuya ku-12 cm futhi zihlala emaxhakeni ama-anemones olwandle amangalisa ekujuleni kuka-2 kuya ku-25 m empumalanga ye-Indian Ocean ukusuka esiqhingini saseMaldives kuya eSri Lanka.
Wonke umzimba wesakhamuzi esingaphansi kwamanzi ungumbala osawolintshi, umucu omfishane omhlophe ngaphandle kokudlula udlula eduze kwekhanda.
Omani Amphiprions
I-Amphiprion omanensis iyivelakancane eLwandle Olubomvu, eduze naseSudan, Dahab nase-Oman.
Umbala oyinhloko womzimba, kanye ne-plumage eqondile, ungaphansi kwe-dimorphism ehlobene nobudala futhi uhlukahluka kusuka kupinki, ophuzi-owolintshi kuya kombala onsundu ophuzi. Ubukhulu bomzimba besifazane bungu-17 cm cm, abesilisa bancane kakhulu. Ukulungiselela ukujula kwe-18-20 m.
Izisekelo ze-Aquarium
Kepha lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zingaziphatha ngokungenabungane futhi zinolaka uma imithetho eyisisekelo yokuboshwa ingalandelwa:
- Ukukhethwa kwamapharamitha afanele wemvelo yasemanzini: izinga lokushisa + 22 ... + 27 ° C, acidity 7.8-8.5 pH, amayunithi awobukhulu be-1,02-1.25, ukuhambisana nazo zonke ezinye izidingo ze-aquarium yasolwandle. Ukwakheka koketshezi kufanele kube kuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka emanzini ezindawo zemvelo zalolu hlobo lweClown.
- Ukuba khona kokuhlunga okuhle kakhulu - udinga i-compressor eyihlane ekude. Ngezinga elikhudlwana, liyadingeka kuma-bowers.
- Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kwazo zonke izinhlelo ukuvikela ubuthi obunobuthi babahlali bethangi. Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke amaphampu okuhlunga kufanele asebenze kahle, ama-aerator kufanele akhulule umsinga obuthakathaka kodwa ongapheli wamabhamuza omoya, uketshezi kufanele udlule ngokukhululekile kwisichasiselo samaprotheni, futhi umqoqi wokungcola akufanele alayishwe ngokweqile. Zonke izinhlaka zamanzi kufanele zigadiwe, okokuqala nsuku zonke, futhi uma ibhalansi yamanzi isilungisiwe - kanye ngesonto.
- Ukuqinisekisa umthamo owenele wethangi - kusuka kumalitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-100 amalitha e-Amphiprions.
- Ukukhetha okulungile kohlobo lwe-aquarium yamanzi anosawoti, okungcono kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ze-clown - umhlanga. Ngaphansi kwawo kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi zezilwane ezifuywayo - ama-grottoes, emigedeni, izindlu zezinto zokuhlobisa zilingisa amadwala angaphansi kwamanzi.
- Ukufaka indawo oyifunayo ye-anemone yolwandle ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwe-aquarium enamanzi anosawoti. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zifanelekile - i-Entacmaea quadricolor, iHeteractis magnifica, i-Stichodactyla gigantea, i-Stichodactyla haddoni. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuhlukile futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukondla okuningi.
- Imishini yokugcina amanzi asolwandle enziwe nge-aeration device, abalawuli bokushisa, ama-thermometers, ama-aerometers, ama-test sets okuthola ukuthi ama-ammonia kanye nama-nitrites angakanani, ama-tubular underwater. Ukwehluka okukhulu kokushisa akumele kuvunyelwe.
- Ukunikeza ukufaka isonto elilodwa lamanzi okungenani eyodwa kwezinhlanu zamanzi ukulungiswa kwangaphambili nokuvikelwe. Ngaphambilini yayihlanjululwe ngosawoti ofanele olwandle, ongathengwa ku-aquasalon. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-cookbook, ayinazo izithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezidingekayo.
- Idivayisi iyisistimu yokukhanyisa ezenzakalelayo. Ama-amphiprions nama-anemone olwandle afunwa kakhulu ngezinga elanele lamahora okukhanya nelanga.
- Ukufakwa kwethangi kufanele kwenziwe endaweni ethule futhi enokuthula futhi akuvumeli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile isikhathi eside.
- Ukubeka isihlungi esingezansi esifanele. Amatshe amatshe asolwandle akhanyayo noma amnyama, ngaphambili ahlanzwa kahle futhi angathathi hlangothi, afanelekile njengomhlabathi.
Ukuzala
Zonke izinhlobo ze-clownfish zizalwa ngohlu lwamaseli wegciwane kubo bobabili ubulili, kepha ezesilisa ziba madolonzima ngokuqala kokuvuthwa ngokomzimba (cishe izinyanga eziyi-12), futhi ukuzala kwabesifazane kungasebenzi kuze kube iphuzu elithile. Zenziwa zisebenze kuphela uma kunesidingo, futhi okuwukuphela kovuselelo ukushona kowesifazane.Lapho-ke inqubo iqala, bese owesilisa ephenduka insikazi.
Isidumbu sizala umbhangqwana owodwa onamalungu omndeni owodwa - lokhu kuyikhanda lesilo - owesimame nowesilisa ovelele. Ngokuvamile kukhulu kunabo bonke abanye abesilisa, kodwa nokho bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Kaningi kuba owesilisa we-alpha oba ngowesifazane omusha futhi akhethe umlingani olandelayo.
Umjikelezo wokuzalela iClown uhlotshaniswa nenyanga, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa uyasebenza.
Ngokwemvelo, amaqanda abekwa emahlathini ama-anemone olwandle ezinhlangothini zamanzi kusihlwa. Uma ama-anemones ese-aquarium yasolwandle, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi le indawo esethombeni elizokhethwa ngowesifazane. Ngaphandle kwalokho - kumakhorali, ngaphansi kokulingiswa kwedwala noma i-grotto. Ungazama ukunikela ngesaucer noma ibhodwe lobumba, ngoba ezimweni zemvelo kaningi abazali bakhetha itshe eliwugqinsi elinomgede walezi zinhloso.
Umndeni wonke endaweni yawo yemvelo futhi imvamisa izithandani ezise-aquarium zinakekela amaqanda ngokucophelela, zingene ngaphakathi futhi zisuse ezifile. Izibungu ziqala ukubheca cishe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi. Ngokuya ngesimo nokuvuthwa kowesifazane, uyakwazi ukukhukhula kusuka kumaqanda angama-400 kuye kwangama-1200 ama-3-4 mm ubukhulu ukuze acekele impilo yakhe yonke.
Uma i-aquarium yasolwandle ijwayelekile futhi inezinye izakhamizi, ngaphandle komndeni wakwa-Amphiprion, khona-ke kungcono ukubeka ngokucophelela ifry yesikhathi sokukhula ethangini lokufakwa.
Endle, azithwala ziye phezulu nomfudlana wamanzi, lapho zidla khona kwi-zooplankton kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, akhombisa umbala (njalo imivimbo yokuqala emhlophe) bese ebuyela ezigodini zamakhorali.
Ekhaya, izingane nazo kudingeka zondliwe ngokushesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi ubondle kaningi, noma ngabe kungakulungiswa ukudla okufakwayo noma okubukhoma, lokhu akuthinti ukukhula kwabo kanye nekhwalithi yabo.