Noma ngubani osacabanga ukuthi inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ipulazi elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, unephutha elikhulu. Imikhomo ihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi phakathi kwazo, ungcono kakhulu. Futhi lapha ushaka whale kakhulu enkulu kunenhlanzi ephilayo.
Incazelo nezici zikashaka whale
Le nhlanzi enkulu kangaka ibisifihlakele emehlweni ama-ichthyologists futhi yatholakala futhi yachazwa muva nje - ngonyaka we-1928. Vele, ezikhathini zasendulo bekunamahlebezi obukhulu obungakaze bube khona besilozi esihlala ekujuleni kolwandle, abadobi abaningi babona umkhondo waso udlula ngobukhulu bamanzi.
Futhi lapha okokuqala ngqa ukuzibonela ngawakhe usosayensi ovela eNgilandi, u-Andrew Smith wayenenhlanhla, kwakunguye owachaza imininingwane yezazi ngemininingwane ngokubukeka kwakhe nokwakheka kwakhe. Lapho isuka ogwini lwaseKapa, inhlanzi ibanga elingamamitha ayi-4,5 yabizwa ngokuthi iRhincodon typus (ushaka whale).
Ngokunokwenzeka, umuntu wezemvelo wahlangana nomuntu osemusha, ngoba ubude obujwayelekile babahlali abangaphansi kwamanzi buvela kumamitha ayi-10-12, isisindo somkhomo whale shark - Amathani ayi-12-14. Kakhulu ushaka omkhulu whale, etholwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ibinesisindo esingamathani angama-34 futhi yafika kubude bamamitha angama-20.
Igama loshaka belingelona ubukhulu balo obuhlaba umxhwele, kepha lalenzelwe ukwakheka komhlathi: umlomo waso utholakala ngokuqinile phakathi kwekhanda, njengemikhomo yangempela, futhi hhayi neze engxenyeni engezansi, njengeningi lezihlobo zalo oshaka.
Ushaka whale wehluke kakhulu kubafowabo kangangokuba uhlukaniswa njengomndeni ohlukile ohlanganisa uhlobo olulodwa nohlobo olulodwa - iRhincodon typus. Isidumbu esikhulu soshaka whale simbozwe isikali esikhethekile sokuvikela, ipuleti ngalinye elinjalo lifihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, futhi ebusweni ungabona kuphela izeluleko, zibukhali njengezinhlanga, amazinyo afana nawo.
Isikali sihlanganiswe ne-enamel enjengezinto i-vitrodentin futhi azithobeki emandleni ukuze shark amazinyo. Izembatho ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-placoid futhi zikhona kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabasakazi. Isikhumba soshaka whale singafinyelela ku-14 cm ubukhulu. Amafutha we-Subcutaneous - onke angama-20 cm.
Ubude be-whale shark bungadlula amamitha ayi-10
Ukusuka emuva, ushaka whale upendwe ngombala onsundu ngombala omnyama namabala aluhlaza. Izindawo ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo zesimo esiyindilinga zihlakazekile phezu kwesizinda esikhulu esimnyama. Ekhanda, emaphepheni kanye nomsila, mncane futhi unesiphithiphithi, kuyilapho emuva zihlelanisa ngephethini elihle lejometri lemivimbo eguqukayo ejwayelekile. Ushaka ngamunye unephethini elihlukile, elifana nesandla somunwe womuntu. Isisu esikhulu soshaka sinombala omhlophe noma omphuzi kancane.
Inhloko inesimo esithambile, ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kwesihlakala. Ngesikhathi sokudla, umlomo woshaka uvuleka kabanzi, wakheke okufana nokusaqanda. Amazinyo oshaka whale abaningi bazodumazeka: imihlathi ifakwe amazinyo amancane (aze afike ku-6 mm), kepha isibalo sizokumangaza - kukhona abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyi-15 zazo!
Amehlo amancane abekwe ngokujulile atholakala ezinhlangothini zomlomo; ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhulu, ama-eyeb eye awadluli usayizi webhola legalufu. Oshaka abakwazi ukugcwala, noma kunjalo, uma kukhona into enkulu isondela iso, inhlanzi idonsa iso bese iyimboza ngesibaya esikhethekile sesikhumba.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: i-whale sharknjengabanye abamele isizwe sabashaka, ngokuntuleka kwe-oxygen emanzini, iyakwazi ukucisha ingxenye yobuchopho bayo kanye ne-hibernate ukusindisa amandla namandla. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi oshaka ababuzwa ubuhlungu: imizimba yabo ikhiqiza into ekhethekile evimba imizwa engathandeki.
Indlela yokuphila yeWhale Shark neHabitat
Oweld shark, osayizi okudalwa ukungabikhona kwezitha zemvelo, ulima kancane kancane ama-expanses olwandle emhlabeni ngesivinini esingadluli ku-5 km / h. Lesi sidalwa esihle kakhulu, njengowangaphansi kolwandle, sihamba kancane emanzini, ngezikhathi ezithile sivula umlomo waso ukuze sigwinye ukudla.
Indawo okukhona kuyo amabala ku-whale shark ihlukile njengezigxivizo zeminwe yabantu.
Oshaka be-Whale izidalwa ezihamba kancane futhi ezibulalayo ezingakhombisi ulaka noma inzalo. Imvamisa ungahlangana isithombe soshaka whale cishe ukwanga nge-diver: impela, lo mbono awubeki ingozi kubantu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubhukude eduze kwakho, uthinte umzimba noma uze ugibele, ubambelele kumncintiswano we-dorsal fin.
Ukuphela kwento engenzeka ukushaywa ngomsila oshaka onamandla, okwaziyo ukukhubazeka uma ungabulawa. Ngokusho kwezifundo zesayensi, oshaka be-whale bagcinwa ngamaqembu amancane, okuvame ukuculwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ezindaweni lapho kuhlangana khona izinhlanzi zesikole, inani labo lingafinyelela emakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-2009, i-ichthyologists yabala abantu abangaphezu kwe-400 ngasogwini lweYucatan, ukugcotshwa okunjalo kwabangelwa inala ye-mackerel caviar esanda kusungulwa, eyayidliwa oshaka.
Oshaka, kufaka phakathi ama-cetaceans, kumele bahlale behamba, ngoba abanaso isigaxa sokubhukuda. Imisipha yamachaphaza isiza inhliziyo yenhlanzi yempompo futhi iqhubeke nokugeleza kwegazi okwanele impilo yonke. Azilali futhi zingaminza kuphela phansi noma zicashe emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi ukuze ziphumule.
Isibindi sazo esikhulu, esingama-60% esakhiwa izicubu ze-adipose, sisiza oshaka ukuthi bahlale bekhululekile. Kepha lokhu akwanele shark whale, kufanele itheleke ebusweni futhi igwinye umoya, ukuze ingashoni phansi. I-Whale shark isho izinhlobo ze-pelagic, okungukuthi, ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zolwandle zomhlaba. Imvamisa ayiwa ngaphansi kokujula kwamamitha ayi-70, yize ikwazi ukuwela ku-700 m.
Ngenxa yalesi sici, oshaka whale bavame ukushayisana nemikhumbi emikhulu yasolwandle, abakhubazekile noma bafe. Oshaka abazi ukuthi bame kanjani noma banciphise ijubane ukunyakaza, ngoba kulokhu ukugeleza komoya ophefumulayo ku-gill kuncane kanti nezinhlanzi zingaba nazo.
Oshaka be-whale yi-thermophilic. Amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ezindaweni ahlala kuzo afudunyezwa aze afike ku-21-25 ° С. Ngeke uhlangane nalawa ma-titans asenyakatho noma eningizimu yokufana kwe-40. Le nhlobo itholakala emanzini olwandlekazi lwePacific, Indian kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic.
Oshaka be-Whale nabo banezindawo abazithandayo: ugu olusempumalanga nolaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, iziqhingi zaseSeychelles, isiqhingi saseTaiwan, iGulf of Mexico, Philippines, kanye nogu lwase-Australia. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ama-20% abantu bomhlaba wonke bahlala ogwini lwaseMozambiki.
Whale Shark
Ngokuxakile, kodwa ushaka whale hhayi kubhekwe njengesigebengu ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu, i-whale shark ayihlaseli ezinye izilwane ezinkulu noma izinhlanzi, kodwa idla ngo-zooplankton, crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane eziwela emlonyeni wazo omkhulu. Ama-Sardines, ama-anchovies, i-mackerel, i-krill, ezinye izinhlobo zama-mackerel, ama-tuna amancane, i-jellyfish, ama-squid kanye nalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "uthuli bukhoma" - lokhu kuwukudla konke kwalokhu okukhulu.
Kuyamangaza ukubuka lokhu okuphakelayo okukhulu. Ushaka uvula umlomo waso ovulekile obanzi, ububanzi bawo ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, bese ubamba amanzi olwandle kanye nezilwane ezincane. Lapho-ke umlomo uvala, amanzi ayahlungwa ashiye imifantu, futhi ukudla okugayekile kuya ngqo esiswini.
Ushaka unezinto zonke zokuhlunga, eziqukethe amapuleti angama-20 e-cartilaginous axhumanisa imisebe ebumbene, enza uhlobo lwenhlwathi. Amazinyo amancane asiza ukugcina ukudla emlonyeni wakho. Le ndlela yokudla ayitholakali kuphela oshaka whale: umdondoshiya neLargemouth nayo idla ngale ndlela.
Ushaka whale une-esophagus emincane kakhulu (cishe 10 cm ubukhulu). Ukucindezela ukudla okwanele ngemgodi omncane kangako, le nhlanzi enkulu kufanele ichithe cishe amahora angama-7-8 ngosuku ukuthola ukudla.
I-Shark gills pump nge-6,000 m³ ye-fluid ngehora. Awukwazi ukubiza i-whale shark i-glutton: ngosuku adla ngalo kuphela ama-100-200 kg, okuyi-0.6-1.3% yesisindo sakhe kuphela.
Ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside kukashaka we-whale
Mayelana nokuthi i-whale shark izalela kanjani, isikhathi eside kwakungekho datha ethembekile. Kusanda kuqala ukugcinwa ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini, lapho imidlwane enjalo imahhala khona.
Kuze kube manje, emhlabeni jikelele kunabangu-140 kuphela. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje obukwazi ukwenza ukwakheka kwezinhlaka ezinkulu ezinjalo, sekuyinto engenzeka ukubuka impilo yalezi zidalwa nokufunda ngokuziphatha kwazo.
Oshaka be-Whale izinhlanzi ezi-ovoviviparous cartilaginous. Esibelethweni sakhe oshaka abade Amamitha ayi-10-12 angathwala ngasikhathi sinye imibungu engama-300, efakwe emigqonyeni ekhethekile efana namaqanda. Ama-shark hatch ngaphakathi kowesifazane futhi azalelwa ezweni elizimele ngokuphelele nelisebenzayo. Ubude boshaka osanda kuzalwa buyi-40-60 cm.
Ekuzalweni, izinsana zinokudla okwanele okwanele kwezakhi zomzimba, ezibavumela ukuthi bangadli isikhathi eside. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho kwakudonswa uswazi osaphila ku-shark okotshwe wabekwa endle enkulu: iwundlu lasinda, kepha laqala ukudla ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-17. Ubudala bokumiswa koshaka whale, ngokusho kososayensi, bube yiminyaka emi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ishiya iqembu bese izulazula yodwa.
Ama-Ichthyologists athambekele ekukholweni ukuthi oshaka be-whale bafinyelela ebusheni ngobude bomzimba obungu-4.5 m (ngokusho enye inguqulo esuka ku-8). Ubudala boshaka okwamanje kungenzeka kube yiminyaka engama-30-50.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezi ziqhingi ezinkulu zasolwandle cishe siyiminyaka engama-70, abanye baphila ngisho ne-100. Kepha abantu abaye baphila iminyaka eyi-150 noma ngaphezulu bakweqisa. Namuhla, kubhekwa ukubanjiswa koshaka be-whale, kumakwa ngama-beacons omsakazo kanye nezindlela zokuhamba. Kukhona cishe inkulungwane yalabo bantu "abamakiwe", bangaki abasazulazula ekujuleni - akwaziwa.
Cishe ushaka whale, omhlophe nanoma yikuphi okunye, ungakhuluma amahora amaningi: ngamunye wawo ngumhlaba wonke, umkhathi omncane nendawo yonke enkulu. Kuwubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi sazi konke ngabo - ukwelula kwabo kuyabonakala, futhi ukutholakala kokutadisha akunangqondo. Ukuphila eMhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka, basagcwele izimfihlo futhi abakakhathali ngabacwaningi abamangazayo.
Incazelo emfushane koshaka whale
Ubukhulu boshaka be-whale bufika, ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, amamitha angama-20. Futhi ubunzima besiqhwaga cishe ngamathani angama-34. Noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwemininingwane engeyona eyezokwazisa, lokhu akuwona umkhawulo, abantu bayatholakala futhi bakhulu. Nazi nje oshaka bamamitha ayi-20 awatholakali kakhulu, usayizi wama-osby amaningi awudluli amamitha ayi-12-13. Njengomthetho, izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa.
Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke ihlukaniswa hhayi ngobukhulu bayo, kodwa futhi ngokubukeka kwayo. Umzimba woshaka mkhulu futhi unamandla, kepha inhloko incane, isibopho. Kubekwa iqhubu lamehlo amancane (cishe amasentimitha ayi-5). Futhi emlonyeni woshaka, ongavula kakhulu, kunezinkulungwane zamazinyo (futhi kubantu abathile kuze kube izinkulungwane eziyi-15), akhiwe imigqa engama-300. Kuliqiniso, amazinyo mancane kakhulu (aze afike ku-6 mm) futhi awakulungele ukuluma.
Umbala whale shark ubonakala kubantu abahlala emanzini. Umzimba ophansi wesilwane upendiwe ngombala okhanyayo, ompunga okhanyayo noma onsundu. Kepha umzimba ongaphezulu umnyama, unemithunzi e-grey, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu. Umbala ojwayelekile wenhlanzi uxutshwa kuphela ngamaphethini wokukhanya kumaphini, emuva kanye nezinhlangothi. Ngokuthabisisayo, iphethini yemivimbo ekhanyayo nezindawo zoshaka ngamunye ihlukile, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa abantu abathile kukho.
Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba
Ushaka whale uhlala kuphela emanzini afudumele wezindawo eziwumhlaba ezilinganayo nezindawo ezishisayo zomhlaba. Ayinayo indawo yokuhlala yaphakade; ifuduka kukho konke impilo yayo. Ihlala eduze kwamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi iveze umoya.
Ngokudabukisayo, inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni akuyona eyokuzingela, ngomqondo ojwayelekile wagama. Ushaka udla kakhulu ngeplankton, ekhishwa emanzini. Kepha udla nezinye izilwane eziwele emlonyeni wakhe: izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-invertebrates.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi zonke izisulu zoshaka be-whale zingahleliwe, ngoba azizingeli ngokuqondile. Noma kunjalo, inhlanzi ihamba ngejubane eliphansi kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-5 km / h. Isilwane esihamba kancane futhi esinganaki.
Ingozi yoshaka whale kubantu
Kubantu, ushaka whale akuyona ingozi. Akasabeli nakancane ngokubonakala komuntu, noma nje egibela emhlane wakhe bese ethatha isinqumo sokugibela. Amanye ama-daredevils aze ahlehla kuwo, abheke emlonyeni futhi athinta i-snout - ngenxa yalokho, inhlanzi zaqala ukuwela ngokungenamikhawulo ukuze ziqede abantu ababecasukile.
Ushaka whale ubonwa njengesilwane esizolile futhi esinokuthula. Ngeshwa, kusho izinhlobo ezisengozini. Kukholelwa ukuthi kuphela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu abasala emhlabeni, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa le datha ngokunembile. Inkinga ukuthi amazinga okuzala izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ahamba kancane, ngakho ayafa ngokushesha kunokuba azalela. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi iningi labantu, lizama ukuvimba ukunyamalala kwalezi zikhulu zamanzi. Ngeshwa, ayikho impumelelo ethile eye yabonwa kulokhu.
Ama-Moray eels
Bayinhlanzi enomzimba wenyoka. Ngasikhathi sinye, azinobuthi, kepha ukulunywa kwazo kubuhlungu kakhulu.
Ushaka omhlophe
Ziyizinhlanzi eziyingozi ezidlayo, ubukhulu bazo ezingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Elinye igama lazo iCannibal Shark.
Whale Shark Incazelo
Ushaka whale ubonwe yi-ichthyologists muva nje.. Kuchazwa okokuqala ngo-1928. Izinhlaka zalo ezinkulu zazivame ukubonwa ngabadobi abajwayelekile, lapho izinganekwane zisakazeka khona ngesilo esikhulu esikhulu esihlala olwandle. Ozibonele ngamehlo abehlukene bamchaze ngendlela esesabekayo futhi engeyinhlonipho, bengaboni nokuthi ubelimele, ukunganaki nesimo sakhe esihle.
Lolu hlobo lukashaka lushaya ngosayizi walo omkhulu. Ubude boshaka whale bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-20, bese kuthi isisindo esirekhodi sifinyelele uphawu lwamathani angama-34. Lesi yisampula enkulu kunazo zonke eyabanjwa ekugcineni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile boshaka be-whale busukela kumamitha ayi-11 ukuya ku-12, kanye nesisindo samathani ayi-12-13,5.
Ukubukeka
Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kangako, ukwakheka komlomo wakhe, hhayi usayizi, kwaba nomthelela ekukhetheni kwegama. Iphuzu yindawo yomlomo nezimpawu zokusebenza kwawo. Umlomo woshaka whale utholakala ngokucacile maphakathi ne-muzzle ebanzi, hhayi ukusuka phansi, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zikashaka. Uhluke kakhulu kubafowabo. Ngakho-ke, kumshaka whale, umndeni okhethekile wabelwa nesigaba sawo esinohlobo olulodwa, igama laso nguRhincodon typus.
Naphezu kobukhulu bomzimba obunjalo obuhlaba umxhwele, isilwane ngeke siziqhayise ngamazinyo afanayo anamandla. Amazinyo mancane kakhulu, afinyelela ubude obungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.6 mm. Zitholakala emigqeni engu-300-350. Sekukonke, unamazinyo amancane ayi-15,000. Zinqanda ukudla okuncane emlonyeni, okuthi ngemuva kwalokho kungene emishini yokuhlunga, equkethe amapuleti angama-20 e-cartilaginous.
Kubalulekile! Lolu hlobo lunezigaba ezi-5 zama-gill kanye namehlo amancane. Kumuntu omdala, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ibhola le-tennis. Iqiniso elithandekayo: ukwakheka kwezitho ezibonakalayo akusho ukuthi ukuba khona kweminyaka eyikhulu kungenjalo. Ngesikhathi sengozi esondayo yokugcina umbono, ushaka angakwazi ukufihla iso ngokudonsa ngaphakathi ekhanda futhi alimboze ngesibaya sesikhumba.
Isidumbu somkhomo whale shark siyaqina ngokuqondisa kusuka ekhanda kuya kwesisekelo sangemuva, sakhe indawo ekhuphukile ngesimo somswakama omnene. Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba, ukujikeleza komzimba kwehlela emsileni uqobo. Ushaka unama-finsal ama-dorsal amabili kuphela, adluliselwe emuva emsila. Le esiseduzane nesisekelo somzimba ibukeka njengunxantathu omkhulu we-isosceles futhi ikhulu ngosayizi, eyesibili incane futhi itholakala ibheke emsileni. I-Taha fin inokubukeka okujwayelekile kakhulu njenge-asymmetric, isimilo sabo bonke oshaka, ene blade engenhla nesigamu esiphindwe kabili nesigamu.
Anombala grey onamabala amnyama namabala ansundu. Shark isisu ukhilimu noma mhlophe. Emzimbeni, ungabona imivimbo kanye namabala wombala ophuzi ophuzi. Imvamisa zihlelwe ngokulandelana okulukhuni, imivimbo ihlangana namanye amabala. Amaphiko we-pectoral nekhanda nakho kunezindawo, kepha zitholakala ngokungahleliwe. Kunokuningi, kepha kuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphethini esikhumbeni sikashaka ngamunye lihlala lilodwa futhi lingashintshi ngobudala, obuthinta kahle ukulandelwa kwesibalo sazo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo ngokwanele, imishini yokucwaninga ngezinkanyezi isiza ama-ichthyologists enqubweni yokulandela uqobo. Kukhona amadivaysi akhethekile umsebenzi wawo ukuqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa izithombe zesibhakabhaka esinenkanyezi, lokhu kusiza ukuqaphela nomahluko omncane endaweni yezidalwa zasezulwini. Zibuye zikwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nendawo okukhona kuyo amabala emzimbeni woshaka whale, okuhlukanisa ngokunembile umuntu nomuntu komunye.
Ukuqina kwesikhumba sabo kungafinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi, kuvimbele izinambuzane ezincane zingaphazamisi ushaka. Futhi ungqimba lwamafutha lucishe lube ngu-20 cm. Isikhumba simbozwe ngembobo eminingi ebukeka njengamazinyo. Lesi isikali sikashaka whale, ofihlwe ngaphakathi esikhunjeni, kuphela amathiphu wamapuleti, abukhali njengemisebe emincane, enza ungqimba olunamandla lokuvikela lubonakale ebusweni. Esiswini, ezinhlangothini nasemuva, izikali ngokwazo zinomumo ohlukile, zakha isilinganiso esingafani sokuvikela. Ezona “ziyingozi” kunazo zonke zinephoyinti emuva futhi zitholakala ngemuva kwesilwane.
Izinhlangothi, ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo ze-hydrodynamic, zimbozwe ngesikali esingakhuli kahle. Esiswini, isikhumba soshaka whale simfishane kakhulu kwesithathu kunesendlalelo esikhulu. Kungakho, phakathi kokusondela kwezinhlobo ezihlasimulisayo, lesi silwane siyaphenduka, i, ingxenye evikelekile ngokwemvelo yomzimba waso. Ngokuya kwabantu, isilinganiso uqobo singaluqhathanisa namazinyo oshaka, esinikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kwento efana ne-koqweqwe lwawo-vitrodentin. Izembatho zempi ezinjalo zivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabasakazi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ushaka whale isilwane esihamba kancane esinomoya opholile, onokuthula. Ziyi "tramp zolwandle" futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yazo. Iningi lezimpilo zabo, babhukuda bengabonakali, ngezikhathi ezithile bevela ogwini lwezixhobo zamakhorali. Imvamisa, ukujula kokuntywiliselwa kwabo kungadluli kumamitha angama-72, bakhetha ukuhlala eduze kobuso. Le nhlanzi ayikwazi ukusebenziseka kalula, ayikwazi ukubambezela ngokuqinile inkambo yayo noma iyeke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesigaxa sokubhukuda nezinye izici zomzimba ezinikeza ukugeleza komoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, uvame ukulimala lapho egibela emikhunjini edlulayo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amakhono abo aya phambili. Ushaka whale uyakwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-700, njengezinye izinhlobo zabasakazi.
Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, ukubukeka koshaka be-whale, ngokungafani nabanye, akubandakanyi umsila kuphela, kodwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomzimba wakhe ukuze unyakaze. Isidingo esikhulu sokudla okujwayelekile kokudla kubenza bavame ukuhlala eduze nezikole zezinhlanzi ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, i-mackerel. Bacitha cishe sonke isikhathi bafuna ukudla, bebheka kuphela isikhathi esifushane sokulala, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sosuku. Imvamisa bavame ukukhukhuleka ngamaqembu amancane ezinhloso eziningana. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungabona khona umhlambi omkhulu wezilwane eziyi-100 noma ushaka ohamba yedwa.
Ngo-2009, ukutholakala kwamakhanda woshaka abangu-420 kwabonwa ogwini lwezinsimbi zamakhorali, kanti lokhu kuwukuphela kwethemba elinokwethenjelwa. Ngokusobala, lonke iphuzu liwukuthi ngo-Agasti eceleni kogu lweYucatan kunezinhlobo eziningi zeckear mackerel caviar entsha.
Ezinyangeni eziningana unyaka ngamunye, amakhulukhulu oshaka aqala ukujikeleza ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Australia eduze kohlelo olukhulu lwamanzi lwaseNialu olusemngceleni. Cishe zonke izidalwa, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, ziza ukuze zithole inzuzo futhi zikhiqizwe kabusha ogwini lweNualu ngesikhathi lapho okuqala kwesihlahlu sekugcwele.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endabeni yokuthola ukufinyeleleka kokutholwa koshaka whale, imibono yochwepheshe ayifani. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abafinyelele kumamitha ayi-8 ubude bangabhekwa njengabakhulile ngokobulili, abanye - amamitha ayi-4,5. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi silwane okwamanje sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-31-52. Imininingwane emayelana nabantu abiphile iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 inganekwane emsulwa. Kepha i-100 iyinkomba yangempela yama-shark Centenarians. Inani elijwayelekile lisukela eminyakeni engama-70.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ukumelela indawo yokuhlala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi oshaka be-whale bahlala ezindaweni lapho ukudla kuhlanganiswa khona ukuze usinde.. Futhi bayizilwane ezithanda ukushisa, okungcono zikhethe indawo enamanzi afudumele ku-21-25 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ngeke uhlangane nabo usenyakatho noma eningizimu yecala lama-40, uvame ukuhlala eceleni kwekhweyitha. Le nhlobo itholakala emanzini olwandlekazi lwePacific, Indian kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic.
Oshaka be-whale bayizinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi i-pelagic, okusho ukuthi bahlala olwandle oluvulekile, kepha hhayi ekujuleni okukhulu kolwandle. I-Whale shark itholakala kakhulu emanzini asogwini aseNingizimu Afrika, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika. Imvamisa ubonakala eduze nasogwini ngenkathi edla ogwini lolwandle.
Ukudla kwe-whale shark
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokondla oshaka be-whale yindima yabo njengezisebenzi zokuhlunga. Amazinyo awadlali iqhaza elikhulu enqubweni yokondla, mancane kakhulu futhi abamba iqhaza kuphela ohlelweni lokugcina ukudla emlonyeni. Oshaka be-whale badla izinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi i-mackerel, kanye ne-plankton encane. Ushaka whale ufaka imijondolo yolwandle, incela amanzi amaningi kanye nezidalwa eziphilayo ezinempilo. Imodeli enjalo yokudla ihlala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezengeziwe - oshaka, abakhulu kanye ne-mile-long pelagic latitudinalus. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ngayinye yokondla inokwehluka kwayo okuyisisekelo.
Ushaka whale uthatha amanzi ngamandla, khona-ke ukudla kungena ngamaphara okuhlunga okufaka umnyango wokungena. Lezi ziqeshana zokuhlunga zigcwele ama-pim ebanzi angamamilimitha asebenza njengesihlungo, avumela amanzi ukuthi abuyele ezigungwini abuyele olwandle, ngenkathi ekha izinhlayiya zokudla ezifanele.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngisho nosayizi ka-shark whale by itself uqobo ngokwezigaba abakhona kwezitha zemvelo. Lolu hlobo lomsipha luthuthukiswa kahle, ngenxa yokunyakaza okungapheli okudingayo. Uzulazula ecishe ngokuqhubekayo kumanzi okugcwala, enze isivinini esikhululekile esingabi ngaphezu kuka-5 km / h. Ngasikhathi sinye, umshini ubekwa phansi emzimbeni woshaka ngokwemvelo, okuvumela ukubhekana nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo emanzini. Ukusindisa izinsiza zayo ezibalulekile, lesi silwane senza umsebenzi wengxenye yobuchopho futhi ubambe hibernates. Elinye iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi oshaka baka-whale ababuzwa ubuhlungu. Imizimba yabo ikhiqiza into ekhethekile evimba imizwa engathandeki.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ama-Whale Shark - I-Oviparous Cartilaginous Fish. Yize phambilini bekubhekwa njenge-oviparous, ngoba amaqanda ama-umbungu atholakala esibelethweni sowesifazane okhulelwe obanjwe eCeylon. Ubukhulu bembumba eyodwa ku-capsule bubalelwa ku-60 cm ubude nama-40 ububanzi.
Ushaka olinganisa amamitha ayi-12 uyakwazi ukuthwala imibungu engamakhulu amathathu esiswini sakhe. Ngamunye wabo ufakwe kwikhabethe elibukeka njengeqanda. Ubude boshaka osanda kuzalwa bungamasentimitha angama-35 - 55, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalwa kutholakala impela futhi kuzimele. Kusukela azalwa, umama wakhe umnika umphako omkhulu wezakhamzimba, okumvumela ukuthi angafuni ukudla isikhathi eside. Isibonelo esaziwayo yilapho umntwana oshaka, esaphila, ekhishwa koshaka obanjiwe. Ubekwe e-aquarium, lapho asinda khona, futhi waqala ukudla ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-16.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhulelwa kukashaka whale kuhlala iminyaka engaba mibili. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ushiya iphakethe.
Naphezu kokufunda okuningana kwe-whale shark (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100), imininingwane yokuzalela enembile kakhulu ayikatholakali.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Azikho izimboni eziningi kangaka zomkhomo. Ukulandela umkhondo wabantu nezindlela zokuhamba, kufakwa ama-beacons. Inani eliphelele elimakiwe lisondele kubantu abayi-1000. Ubuningi bangempela boshaka be-whale abaziwa.
Isibalo sabashaka be-whale asikaze sibe sikhulu, noma ngabe bekungatholakali imininingwane efanele. Oshaka be-whale imvamisa kuyindaba yokudoba. Ukuzingela bekungokwesibindi sabo nenyama eyigugu, enothile kumanoni abalulekile koshaka. Maphakathi nawo-90s, izifundazwe eziningi zakuvimbela ukuthathwa kwazo. Isimo esivikelekile samazwe onke sale nhlobo sisengcupheni. Kuze kube ngu-2000, lesi simo sasifakwe kuhlu njengesiqinisekile ngenxa yolwazi olunganele mayelana nezinhlobo.
Whale shark nendoda
Ushaka whale unesimilo esibulalayo, esinikeza abaphambukayo abanelukuluku ithuba lokuhamba ngezinyawo zabo. Ungesabi ukugwinywa yimisipha yakhe emikhulu. I-esophagus of whale shark ingamasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela.Kodwa ukusondelana nomsila wayo onamandla kungcono ukuphaphama. Isilwane singakushaya ngephutha ngomsila waso, okuthi uma singabulali, siwohloke umzimba womuntu obuthaka.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izivakashi kufanele futhi ziqaphele ushaka uqobo, ukuzithinta nje lapho kuthathwa isithombe kungalimaza ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-mucous, kuzivikele ezinhlamvini ezincane.
Ngenxa yothando lokubhukuda eduze nendawo, kanye nokushesha kwayo kanye nokungaqhubeki kahle, ushaka we-whale uvame ukuwela ngaphansi kwezici zemikhumbi ehambayo, ethola ukulimala. Mhlawumbe wayeqhutshwa ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi.
Whale Shark - Incazelo
Ushaka whale waqala wachazwa ngu-Andrew Smith ngonyaka we-1828, ngokusekelwe kumuntu owabulawa yisifebe esisogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokomlando, bekunamagama amaningi ahlukile (amagama wesayensi ehlukile) omndeni, uhlobo nezinhlobo.
Uhlobo loshaka manje selubizwa ngokuthi iRhincodon typus.
Ushaka whale unobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu, - kuzo zonke izindawo zolwandle ezishisayo nezishisayo, ngaphandle koLwandle iMedithera. Sisatshalaliswa kulo lonke uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, sisuka eCaribbean siya ogwini olusenkabeni yeBrazil futhi sisuka eSenegal saya eGulf of Guinea. Kuyatholakala nase-Indian Ocean, kufaka phakathi uLwandle Olubomvu kanye nePersian Gulf. KuLwandlekazi iPacific, ihlala eJapan iya e-Australia, isuka eHawaii iye eChile.
Ngokungafani noshaka abaningi, ikhetha indawo evulekile kude nasogwini. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lo shark uthanda amanzi afudumele anendawo yokushisa engaba ngu-21-30 º C, ene-plankton ephezulu.
Ushaka whale uthathwa njengowokufuduka, kepha okwamanje abukho ubufakazi obuqondile bokusekela le hypothesis. Ukunyakaza kwayo kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nokuba khona kwaphakathi kwezakhi.
Oshaka be-whale bangakwazi ukufuduka ngokwanele okwenziwe endaweni noma okulingana nezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Njalo ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, oshaka bayaziwa ukuthi bagxila eshalofini yezwekazi lase-Australia elisenkabeni nasentshonalanga, ikakhulukazi endaweni yase-Ningalu Reef.
Oshaka be-Whale babonwa eduze naseLa Paz, eMexico. Abaphenyi bakhombisile ukuthi lapho laba shaka bedla ngaphezulu, babhukuda cishe ngaphandle kokuguqula amakhanda abo, ukugwinya, ukuvula ngesigqi nokuvala izimbotshana ze-gill.
I-Whale Shark Biology
Umzimba olungiselelwe, ikhanda elithambile - zibonisa ushaka whale. Umlomo ugoqekile, umkhulu kakhulu futhi ucishe usencotsheni yesifumbu. Ama-gill slits makhulu kakhulu. I-dorsal fin yokuqala inkulu kakhulu kuneyesibili dorsal fin.
Ushaka whale unephethini lokuhlola umbala webhodi lokukhanya kwamachashazi nemivimbo ngemuva kwendawo emnyama.
Oshaka be-whale abampunga, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu ngombala, onamabala. Isisu simhlophe.
Enye yemibono yombala woshaka ukuthi amabala obudala angaba ukuzivumelanisa nokuvikelwa kwemisebe yezinhlobo zezilwane ezingachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emanzini angaphezulu futhi kuvezwe amazinga aphezulu emisebe ye-ultraviolet.
Amazinyo, ngokusobala, awadlali ndima kwezolimo.
Emzimbeni kuvela kobude bomzimba kubonakala kanye nobude bomzimba, mhlawumbe babizelwe ukuthi babambe iqhaza ekunyakazeni okulawulwayo.
Ushaka whale inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke ebukhoma. Ubukhulu obukhulu buyi-20 m. Umdala omncane kunabo bonke otholwe ubude be-55 cm Ukuthomba ebulilini bobabili kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9. Kukholakala ukuthi ushaka whale uhlala iminyaka engama-60.
Oshaka be-whale badla nge-plankton ne-nekton, kufaka phakathi ama-crustaceans amancane, izinhlanzi zesikole, kwesinye isikhathi ama-tuna kanye nama-squid.
Ushaka whale udla ngenkuthalo ngokuvula umlomo. Avala umlomo wakhe, ukhipha amanzi ngezifo zakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokulibaziseka okufushane phakathi kokuvala umlomo nokuvula imingxuma ye-gill, ipulankton ingahle ibambeke ezindlini ezifaka amapuleti gill kanye nePharynx.
Isigaxa esihle, ukuguqulwa okungafani nalolo gill stamens, sakha isithiyo ekuphethweni kwayo yonke into ngaphandle koketshezi, ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukondliwa kwazo zonke izidalwa kusuka kububanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-3 mm. Cishe akukho lutho ngaphandle kokuthi amanzi adlula kulolu sizi.
Oshaka be-Whale babona ukukhwehlela, indlela okukholakala ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza noma ukuhambisa izimbotshana zezinambuzane kusuka ekuqokeleleni izinhlayiya zokudla.
Oshaka bomkhomo basusa amakhanda abo ngapha nangapha, bephuma emanzini olwandle acebile ngamapulangwe.
Amehlo amancane kashaka whale asezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbono ungadlala indima encane kakhulu kunomuzwa wokuhogela.
Oweld shark - ovoviviparous.
Esikhathini esedlule, ushaka whale wayengenandaba kangako nabantu. Okwamanje, ukudoba okuthengiswa koshaka be-whale kulinganiselwe, kepha ukuvinjelwa kungancishiswa ngesidingo esandayo sokudla.
Ushaka whale
Mayelana nale nhlanzi enkulu ehlala olwandle oluseningizimu, isikhathi eside bekukhona izinganekwane eziningi namahemuhemu. Abantu, besatshiswa ukubukeka kwayo nosayizi wayo, bachaze ushaka whale njengesilo esidonsayo sodwa sisuka kwalasha olwandle. Kungemva kwesikhathi eside kuphela lapho kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi simangalo, yize sasibukeka kabi ngokwesabekayo, sasingeyona neze ingozi. Noma kunjalo ushaka whale kuze kube namuhla kusalokhu kungenye yezinhlanzi ezingaqondakali zomhlaba.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Whale Shark
Ushaka whale akazange abambe iso labaphenyi isikhathi eside, futhi encazelweni embalwa etholakalayo bekukhona ukuqagela ngaphezu kweqiniso. Ngokokuqala ngqa, isilwane (isampula esingamamitha ayi-4,5 esitholakala eNingizimu Afrika) sichazwe ngu-E. Smith ngo-1828. Njengamanje, lo shaka ogcwele imifino useParis. I-biovid yaqanjwa izinhlobo zeRhincodon. Izinhlanzi zingezomndeni woshaka. Ngobukhulu, alidluli kuphela izihlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Igama elithi "whale" lenhlanzi litholwe ngosayizi walo omkhulu nendlela yokudla. Ngokwakheka kwemihlathi, lesi silwane sifana nama-cetaceans ngaphezu kwezihlobo zikashaka. Ngokuqondene nomlando we-biovid, amadlozi asendulo kakhulu omkhomo whale whale ayehlala esikhathini seSilurian, eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-440 kuya ku-1010 edlule. Ngokwe-hypothesis ejwayelekile, i-placoderm yaba ngukhokho wezinhlanzi ezinjenge-shark: ulwandle noma amanzi amasha.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngo shark whale
- Ubude bomzimba obukhulu boshaka we-whale, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, buyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-14 kuye kwangama-20, kanti isiqhwaga esinjalo singaba nesisindo samathani angamashumi amathathu. Kodwa ngisho nabantu abakhulu kakhulu bakude nosayizi whale oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, osisindo sawo sifinyelela kumathani ayi-150.
- Uma ubheka ubukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, umbuzo uvame ukuvela ngokuthi mangaki oshaka omloba? Unamazinyo amaningi, cishe angama-300,000, kepha ubude bawo ngamunye awudluli ku-5 mm, futhi azihloselwe ukuluma, kepha ukuze ungavumeli ukudla kugwinywe.
- Ushaka whale udla izilwane zasolwandle ezincane kakhulu futhi ezingashoni kakhulu - iplankton nenhlanzi encane. Ngenxa yalokhu, siphuthuma ukukhipha enye futhi insumansumane - kumuntu, ushaka whale akuyona neze ingozi, futhi ngokuvamile awunaki noma uhlasele abantu ababhukuda eduze.
Funda ngabanye abamele umhlaba wezilwane:
Ngabe uhlala kuphi ushaka whale?
Photo: Ngabe ubukeka kanjani njengoshaka whale?
Oshaka be-whale bahlala olwandle olushisayo olunamazinga okushisa, anamazinga okushisa wamanzi angaphezulu kwama-21-26 degrees. Ngeke uhlangane nemidondoshiya ehamba kancane ngaphezulu kokufana okungamashumi amane. Lokhu akubangelwa kangako yi-thermophilicity yama-kolossi asolwandle ngokuthanda kwabo kokudla. Ngempela, kungamanzi afudumele lapho kutholakala khona iplankton eningi - ukudla okuyintandokazi kwalezi zinhlanzi.
Ububanzi boshaka be-whale bufinyelela kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Amanzi olwandle eduze naseSeychelles.
- Izifunda eziseduze neMadagascar nengxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe i-20% yenani eliphelele lalezi zinhlanzi lihlala emanzini oLwandlekazi i-Indian eduze naseMozambiki.
- Amapulangwe omkhomo we-Whale shark atholakala eduze nase-Australia, eChile, ePhilippines naseGulf of Mexico.
Ngabe udlani whale shark?
Isithombe: Great Whale Shark
Njengezinye izinhlobo zikashaka, le nhlanzi ingeyo esigabeni sabazingeli. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukumhlambalaza ngokuba negazi. Naphezu kokubukeka okwesabekayo futhi engenamagama athusayo esiLatin, i-whale shark "igedla amazinyo ayo" idla e-zooplankton nezinhlanzi ezincane zesikole (i-tuna encane, ama-mackerel, ama-sardines, ama-anchovies). Le nhlanzi ayisebenzisi amazinyo ayo ukuhlafuna inyamazane, kodwa ukuyivimba ukuthi ingaphumi emlonyeni wayo omkhulu. Ngamanye amagama, lokhu akuyona itshe lokugaya ukudla, kepha uhlobo “lwamakhiye” wokukhiya.
Njengemikhomo ye-baleen, ushaka “udla” isikhathi eside. Uthatha amanzi emlonyeni wakhe, uhlunga ipulankton. Inhlanzi ivala umlomo, futhi amanzi aphuma ngokusebenzisa izihlungi ze-gill. Ngakho-ke, yilabo kuphela abakhileyo olwandle abangangena esophagus esincane senhlanzi (ububanzi bayo bufinyelela ku-100 mm) kuphela emlonyeni wezinhlanzi. Ukuze uthole okwanele, ushaka whale kumele uchithe cishe amahora angama-8-9 nsuku zonke ekudleni. Kwaphela ihora udlula emaphethelweni angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamanzi olwandle. Izilwane ezincane kwesinye isikhathi zivala izihlungi. Ukusula, inhlanzi "ekhwehlela." Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudla okubambekile kuyandiza empeleni kuphume emihlathini yesilwane.
Umthamo wesisu koshaka whale cishe ngu-0.3 m3. Ingxenye yento edla inyama yezinhlanzi isetshenziswa ekugcineni ibhalansi yamandla. Inani elithile lokudla ligcinwa endaweni ekhethekile yesisu njengesitoko. Ingxenye yezinto ezinenzuzo ifakwa esibindini sesilwane - uhlobo lwesitolo samandla. Lokhu kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-reservation mayelana "nelanga lemvula." Isibindi sikashaka whale sinosayizi omncane, futhi njengokuthi "ukuntanta" ukubamba umzimba osindayo omkhulu kukholamu yamanzi akulungile. Lezi zinhlanzi azinaso isigaxa sokubhukuda. Ukuze uthole ukugcwala okungcono, lesi silwane siginya umoya, siwukhulule lapho sicwiliswa ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yizazi zezokwelapha zaseJapan, ukudliwa koshaka whale kwakuhlukahluka kancane kunokucabanga kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, okungangabazeki okuyisisekelo semenyu, nazo zidla i-algae, futhi, uma kunesidingo, zingalamba indlala. Izinhlanzi “zishesha” ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufuduka zisuka kwenye ukudla ziye kwenye. Ngokuntuleka kokudla okuyisisekelo, ushaka whale waneliswa “ukudla” okwenziwe imifino okwesikhashana.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Ushaka omkhulu kunabo bonke
Iningi le-ichthyologists lithambekele ekubhekeni oshaka be-whale njengezidalwa ezolile, ezinokuthula futhi ezihamba kancane. Njengomthetho, isilwane siqhubeka sisondele ngaphezu kwamanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sihamba ngokujula kwamamitha angama-700. Inhlanzi ibhukuda ngejubane elihamba kancane - cishe ama-5 km / h, futhi ngezinye izikhathi incane kakhulu. Usebenza cishe ubusuku nemini, anamakhefu amafushane okulala.
Lolu hlobo loshaka luphephile ngokuphelele kubantu. Ama-divers awasebenzisa lokhu futhi angagcini nje ngokusondela ezinhlanzini, kodwa futhi azikhwele. Kodwa-ke, abantu abalimele bangaba yingozi. Ukushaywa komsila owodwa kwanele ukubulala umuntu noma ukulimaza umkhumbi omncane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Whale Shark
Oshaka be-whale bagcinwa bodwa noma bahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Iqoqo elikhulu lamakhulu abantu aliqabile. Umhlambi omkhulu wamarekhodi ezihulu zasolwandle (abantu abangama-420) aqoshwa ngo-Agasti 2009 eduze neNucatan peninsula. Kungenzeka ukuthi bakhangwa yi-mackerel mackerel caviar entsha, iziqhwaga ezijabulela ubumnandi. Isikhathi sokuthomba koshaka whale isikhathi eside impela. Njengoba ulindelwe impilo iminyaka engama-70-100, ilungele ukuzalaniswa eneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala, kwesinye isikhathi eneminyaka engama-50. Ubude bomuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili busuka ku-4.5 kuye ku-5.6 m (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, 8-9 m). Ubude bomzimba besilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi bungamamitha ayi-9.
Akukho imininingwane eqondile ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kwenani labesifazane nabesilisa esibalweni. Befunda umhlambi wezinhlanzi ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Australia (indawo yasolwandle esezindongeni zeNangaloo), ososayensi bathola ukuthi isibalo sabantu besifazane esibalweni sezilwane esibanjiwe asidluli ku-17%. Kodwa-ke, lolu lwazi alunakubizwa ngokuthi lunokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele, ngoba oshaka be-whale abasebenzisi lesi sifunda hhayi ukuthwala inzalo, kepha bondla. Isilwane sisesigaba senhlanzi ye-ovoviviparous cartilaginous. Isikhathi esithile, ushaka whale wabizwa ngokuthi i-oviparous, ngoba amaqanda aqukethe imibungu esibelethweni sowesifazane, abanjwa ogwini lweCeylon. Ubude nobubanzi besibungu esisodwa esitholakala ku-capsule zingama-0.6 no-0.4 m, ngokulandelana.
Owesifazane okwamamitha ayi-12 angathwala imibungu engama-300 ngasikhathi sinye. Umbungu ngamunye ufakwe kuthebhulethi enjengeqanda. Ushaka osanda kuzalwa ubude bawo buyi-0,4-0,5 m. Usuvele ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana uzimele ngokuphelele futhi uyasebenza. Ushiya umzimba kamama ephethe izinto ezanele ezimvumela ukuthi angafuni ukudla isikhathi eside. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho kususwa ithole eliphilayo esibelethweni sowesifazane obanjiweyo. Ubekwe e-aquarium, wezwa kahle, futhi waqala ukuthatha ukudla ngosuku lwe-17 kuphela. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyiminyaka engu-1.5-2. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, insikazi igcinwa yodwa.
Unogada Whale Shark
Photo: Whale Shark
Naphezu kwezinombolo zayo ezincane, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zathola ukusatshalaliswa emasikweni abantu basempumalanga. Isibonelo, abadobi baseJapan nabaseVietnam bayaqiniseka ukuthi umhlangano noshaka whale - unkulunkulu wasolwandle omuhle - kuyinto enhle. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukudla kwasolwandle kuyisisekelo sokudla kwesibalo salawa mazwe, amaJapan namaVietnam awayidli inyama ye-whale shark yokudla. Igama lesiVietnam lalesi silwane linokuhunyushwa okungokoqobo: "Lord Fish."
Okubaluleke kakhulu oshaka be-whale ngebhizinisi lezokuvakasha. Uhambo luthandwa kakhulu lapho izivakashi zibuka lobu buhle obuhamba kancane ukusuka ohlangothini lomkhumbi. Futhi amanye ama-daredevils abhukuda nge-scuba diving kuwo. Ukuvakasha okunjalo kokudansa kuyathandwa eMexico, Seychelles, eCaribbean naseMaldives, e-Australia. Vele, ukunakwa okunjalo okwandayo kwabantu akunasandla ekwandeni kwesibalo salezi zinhlanzi, eseziqala ukuba zincane. Abavakashi kufanele baqhele ibanga labo, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kodwa futhi ukuze bangalimazi ungqimba olungaphandle lwe-mucous oluvikela isikhumba sezilwane ekulimaleni yizilonda ezincane. Kwenziwa imizamo yokuthi kugcinwe abathumbi.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuqala ngo-1934. Inhlanzi ayizange ibekwe emanzini. Ingxenye eboshwe ngokukhethekile ye-gulf yasebenza njenge-aviary yayo (I-Japan Islands. Inhlanzi yahlala izinsuku eziyi-122. Ngesikhathi se-1980-1996, eJapan, inani eliphezulu lalezi zilwane lagcinwa ekudingisweni - 16. Kulaba, abesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abangu-14. Njengamanje, Owesilisa ongamamitha angu-4,6, omkhulu kunabo bonke oshaka abadingisiwe, uhlala e-Okinawa olwandle olwandle.Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi ezibanjwe eduze ne-Okinawa yi-sea shrimp (krill), ama-squid amancane nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Kusukela ngo-2007, oshaka abangu-2 (3.7 no-4,5 m), ababanjwe eduze kweTaiwan, basendaweni yaseGeorgia Aquarium yase-Atlanta (USA). Umthamo we-aquarium kulezi zinhlanzi ungaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-23,8 m3. Umbono obekade ugcinwe kule aquarium ushone ngonyaka we-2007. Isipiliyoni sabososayensi baseTaiwan ngokugcina oshaka basekudingisweni asiphumelelanga. Kabili oshaka bashonile ngemuva kokubekwa e-aquarium, kwathi ngo-2005 kuphela umzamo waphumelela. Kuze kube manje, kukhona oshaka abangu-2 e-aquarium yaseTaiwan. Omunye wabo, owesifazane ongamamitha angu-4.2, uphucwe inhlawulo yendawo yokuhlala. Kungenzeka ukuthi, wayehlushwa ngabadobi noma ngamazinyo omphangi. Kusukela ehlobo lika-2008, umuntu ogcina amamitha amane agcinwe eDubai Aquarium (umthamo wamathangi uyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 m3). Inhlanzi iphiwa i-krill, okungukuthi, ukudla kwayo akufani "nemenyu" yemikhomo ye-baleen.
Ngeshwa, inani labasakazi omkhomo eMhlabeni liyancipha. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuzingela, yize kunqatshelwe ukuloba emazweni amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi akuzona nje kuphela ezinkulu kunazo zonke, kepha mhlawumbe izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu ezifundwe emhlabeni. Iningi lezimpilo zabo lidlula kude nolwandle, ngakho-ke ukutadisha kwalezi zilwane kubangela ubunzima obuthile. Ushaka whale udinga usizo lwethu. Ukwenza ngcono ukuqonda kwezimpawu zabo zokuziphatha, okucacisiwe kokudla kanye ne-biology kuzosivumela ukuthi sithuthukise izindlela ezisebenzayo zokugcina lezi zidalwa ezinhle kakhulu njengohlobo lwe-bio.
