Le ndatshana izogxila ku-ermine - umhlaseli omncane, onobuqili. Lesi silwane sivame ukutholakala enyakatho yeRussia naku-taiga waseSiberia. I-Ermine ayibonakali kakhulu emahlathini aminyene ama-coniffort, kanye nasezikhala ezivulekile. Lesi silwane sivame ukuhlala emifuleni, eduze namachibi amahlathi athule, imifudlana emincane nezixhaphozi.
I-ermine ingeyomndeni wamamisele futhi inomzimba ofanayo ophakeme, oguqukayo. Ubude bomzimba bezilwane zabantu abadala buphakathi kuka-20 kuye ku-40 cm. Ubude bomsila buphindwe izikhathi ezi-3 ngaphansi kobude bomzimba. Lezi zilwane zinobukhulu obukhulu bokuthi zibhekiswe ocansini - izinsikazi ziyizikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunezabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba kusuka ku-100 kuye kuma-370 g.
U-Ermine fur phakathi kwezikhumba zezilwane ezibalulekile zoboya ebuhleni nasezimfanelweni zobuhle kungenye yezindawo zokuqala. U-Ermine fur uthola izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ebusika, lapho iba mnene kakhulu, inyibilika futhi ithambile. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, umbala woboya ebusika uba mhlophe qhwa qhwa. Akunakusho ukuthi, izingubo ezenziwe ngezikhumba ze-ermine ngeNkathi Ephakathi zazingakwazi ukukhokhela amakhosi nezikhulu kuphela!
By the way, isicoco somsila wesilwane sihlala simnyama unyaka wonke. Eduze nehlobo, i-ermine ishintsha ijazi layo elimhlophe qhwa njengejazi elinombala obomvu ngombala obomvu okhanyayo esiswini.
Njengomfela ukholo, i-ermin iphila impilo yodwa. Umuntu ngamunye unensimu yakhe, ayinakekela ngentshiseko. Izilwane zimaka insimu yazo ngemfihlo yezindlala etholakala eduze ne-anus, enuka kamnandi.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-ermine ngamagundane amancane - amagundane asensimini, amagundane amanzi, ulamula, ama-shows, ama-chipmunks, njll. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zidlova zingabamba ama-hares.
Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zilimaza izidleke zezinyoni ezincane, njengoba zikwazi ukugibela izihlahla kahle, zidla amaqanda, kepha zingaphinde zihlasele umdlalo omkhulu - i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie, i-partridge, njll.
U-ermine uzingela kusihlwa futhi azingele kuze kuse. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, umhlaseli angangena phakathi kwemisele yamagundane futhi abhubhise wonke umndeni. Njengoba insikazi incane amahlandla ama-2 kunowesilisa, kulula kakhulu ukuba ingene emgodini, ngakho-ke izinsikazi ikakhulukazi zizingela ngale ndlela. U-Ermines ubhukuda kahle, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi ziyavela ekudleni kwazo.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke kwalezi zilwane ngamagundwane wensimu ayi-5. Ebusuku, eyofuna ukudla, i-ermine ihamba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu. (ngesinye isikhathi ngaphezu kwama-15 km). Ngaphambi kokuthi ahambe alubambe usuku, uyakudidanisa ukukhuthalela amathrekhi akhe. Ebusika, ukhetha indawo yokulala phakathi nosuku, lapho kuyodingeka khona - ngaphansi kwesihlahla esiwile, inqwaba yezinkuni, imbobo ... ayihambi ngokuzingela emafrijini aqine kakhulu nasezifihleni kuze kufudumale.
Lezi zilwane zinamehlo amahle, ukuzwa nokuhogela, ngakho-ke zisebenzisa zonke izinzwa zazo ekuzingeleni.
Ebusika, ama-erm azama ukusondela lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Bajwayele ukuvakashela izinkukhu, lapho bezulazula khona izinyoni bese beba amaqanda. Isikhathi esithile bangahlala emakhumeni ashiywe emaphethelweni edolobhana.
Umjaho ezilwaneni uqala ebusika futhi iqhubeka kuze kube ihlobo. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi ibheka isidleke lapho izala ngayo. Imvamisa, isebenzisa imigqa yamagundane elizingelayo. Kunemililo eminingana emgodini, enye inomgodi wayo, kanti enye inendlu yangasese. Izitho zomfazi ezilingana negumbi lezidleke nezikhumba zezilwane ezibulewe. Njengomthetho, ama-ermines abesifazane abeletha imidlwane ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10. Kwilitha elilodwa kukhona ama-cubic asukela ku-5 kuya ku-15. Akhula kancane. Njengoba bezalwe bengaboni, cishe ngaphandle kwezinwele, badinga ukufudumala, ukunakekelwa kukamama. Inyanga yokuqala yena akahambi kude namawundlu. Bashiya imbobo kuphela ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila. Njengoba bezalwe ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, maphakathi nehlobo, bayakhula babe ngosayizi wabantu abadala futhi baqale ukuzimela.
Kwabesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu - kungakapheli inyanga noma ezimbili emva kokuzalwa, bangashada nabesilisa abadala futhi bazale izingane ngonyaka olandelayo. Kwabesilisa, ukuthomba kwenzeka kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ama-ermines anenqwaba yezitha endle. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic, izimpungushe, izikhova, ngisho namakati ezifuywayo azizingela. Ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ingahlaselwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezinjenge-pike kanye nomsila. I-Ferret nezikhulumi nazo azikuthandi ekudleni inyama ye-ermine.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zilwane ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka engama-2-3, ekudingisweni cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Imbangela yokufa kwe-ermine ku-vivo imvamisa iba yi-scribingilosis - isifo esiyisigaxa saso esinama-pathogens (nematode) athinta izicubu ezithambile zobuchopho namathambo kaswazi. Amacala esifo se-ermine anamarabi acarnacor ayaziwa. Ezindaweni lapho isifo sisakazeka khona, bangaba abathwali balesi sifo.
Ukubukeka
Ukuqonda ukuthi ibukeka kanjani i-ermine, ake ucabange ngesilwane esincane, esinokufana okunamandla kothando, kepha ngasikhathi sinye elikhudlwana. Yize izinsikazi zingathinteki, zincane kakhulu.
Isici esiyingqayizivele salo mhlanga singumzimba omncane, obanzi, intamo ende, futhi nesihlakala, esinomumo onxantathu. Isilo sinobude bomzimba obungu-36 cm, futhi singeqi ngaphezu kwama-360 g.
Ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, i-ermine inombala ohlukile. Ehlobo, ingemuva lomhlaseli libomvu ngombala onsundu, kanti isifuba, isisu kanye nesiqalo semilenze simhlophe qwa. Ebusika, i-ermine "igqoka" ijazi loboya obumhlophe obumsulwa.
Isimanga ukuthi ichopho lomsila wayo lihlala limnyama unyaka wonke. Kungalesi sizathu lapho isilwane sehlukaniswa kwabanye abamele umndeni we-marten.
Habitat
Izindawo zokuhlala ama-ermines asephenduke izindawo ezinjenge-Asia, North America, Europe. Engxenyeni eseYurophu yezwe lesi silo sitholakala, sisuka e-Alps kuya eScandinavia. Engxenyeni yase-Asia, uhlala eMongolia, Japan, China, iHimalaya.
ENyakatho Melika, lesi silwane sathola ikhaya laso eGreenland futhi eduze nase-Arctic Ocean. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo owazingelayo wethulwa ngokwethulwa eNew Zealand. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulawula isibalo sogwaja.
Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba
Indlela yokuphila ye-ermine ixazululekile, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokukhetha indawo yokuhlala, akayishintshi. Imvamisa, izilwane zihlala eduze nemifudlana, imifula, amachibi. Bahlomisa amakhaya abo ezihlahleni noma emhlanga othile.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela, lesi silwane sinquma indawo yaso ngokuya ngenani lokudla eliseduze.
U-Ermines umaka insimu yabo ngosizo lwezimfihlo ezivela kwizindlala ezikhethekile. Akhipha uketshezi olufanayo ngesikhathi sokuzivikela noma ngesikhathi sokwesaba.
Abakwa-Ermines abahlali emakhaya abo, kodwa ezincotsheni ezincane zamagundane amancane, ababekade bezidla ngaphambili. Ngenkathi yezikhukhula zemifula namachibi, i-ermine iphoqelelwa ukuba iguqule indawo yayo yokuhlala, isusa amakhilomitha ambalwa emgodini wayo.
Ebusika, ungatholana ne-ermine engekude nendawo yokuhlala abantu, ngoba iningi lawo wonke amagundane alungele ukudliwa yisilo esidliwayo.
Imikhuba yezilwane ngokuya ngokuzikhethela kwezindlu inesizotha kakhulu. Zingahlala ngisho nangaphansi kodonga olujwayelekile noma isiqu esidala. Lezi zidlova azakhi ngazimbili, futhi izinsikazi zihlangana nabesilisa kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi insikazi, ngemuva kokuzala izingane, inaka kakhulu indawo yokuhlala kwayo, iyimboza ngamagatsha owomile noma ngezikhumba zezilwane ezincane.
Imikhuba yesilo kwesinye isikhathi inegazi kakhulu, futhi ngezikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu uyakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu.
Umsoco
Ngokuya komsoco, ama-ermines angabaphangi. Badla ama-hamsters, ama-voles asensimini, izibankwa kanye namaphayi njengokudla. Bangakwazi nokuzingela izinyoni noma ukushaya amaqanda lapho kubekwa khona, uma bethola, bese bedla konke.
Amagundane namagundane, atholakala ezindlini zabantu, angadla isilo, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ama-ermines angabonakala ngokusondelene nokuhlala kwabantu.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isilwane sinosayizi omncane kakhulu, sinjengempi futhi singase sihlasele ngisho nemiskrat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilo sivumelaniswa nezinhlanzi ezizingelayo.
Isikhathi sokuzingela i-Ermine ubusuku. Emini, zivame ukungasebenzi futhi zivame kakhulu ukulala.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, kepha isikhathi sokukhulelwa sizoncika esikhathini sokuzala.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi mayelana nokukhulelwa, ama-ermines anesici esiyingqayizivele, okuyiwona ukubambezeleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kombungu.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kowesifazane cishe sinezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10. Imvamisa inzalo ivela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Inani eliphakeme lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa lisuka ku-4 liye ku-9, inani eliphakeme lingafinyelela ku-18 eqandeni elilodwa.
Owesifazane kuphela onakekela izizukulwane ezizayo.
U-Ermine nomuntu
U-Ermine akaveli ezilwaneni ezesabekayo. Ilukuluku limenza akhuphuke phezulu abuke umuntu osuka lapho. Kepha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuntuleka kokunaka okusebenzayo komuntu kususa ngokushesha isifiso sesilo, abaleke.
U-Ermine fur ubiza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuzingela bekuhlala kuyindlela enenzuzo nethandwa ngabazingeli. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lalezi zilwane lehliswa kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zidla zodwa ngandlela thile zemvelo zemvelo, njengoba zibhubhisa izinambuzane. Ngalesi sizathu, ezindaweni ezithile, ukuzingela lesi silo kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Lesi silwane siyabonakala ngezici zaso:
- I-ermine yethulwa ngamakhambi eNew Zealand ukubulala inqwaba yabantu onogwaja. Kepha isilo sazijwayela masinyane futhi saqala ukuzalanisa kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi iziphi izinyoni ezinjenge kiwi zaqala ukuhlupheka. Izitha zidla izidleke zazo.
- Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-ermine imhlophe ebusika, kepha uma ubusika bufudumele emaphethelweni endawo yokuhlala yezilwane futhi kuneqhwa elincane, khona-ke uboya bawo ngeke bube mhlophe. Kodwa-ke, uma ngasikhathi sinye isilwane sithuthelwa endaweni lapho ebusika lineqhwa futhi kuneqhwa, khona-ke uboya bayo buzokwazi ukujwayela ngokushesha bese bumhlophe. Isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa naso sizoba ngezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
- Izilwane ziyahlukahluka ngesivinini esikhulu sokuphendula, ubutha namandla amangalisayo ngosayizi wazo, ngakho-ke ukuzingela izinhlanzi noma ukubulala inyoka ngenxa ye-ermine kuyindaba edangalisa.
- Ukudla okujabulisa kakhulu kuma-ermines yi-rat rat. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nduku ilusizo kumuntu odla ngokudla, iphinde ibe nomgodi wayo, isilo esizothatha sona ngemuva kokubulala amagundane.
- Isisindo sabesilisa sidlula isisindo sowesifazane izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-2,5.
- Uma i-ermina ibonwe eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu, umuntu kufanele aqaphele. Isilwane asinamandla okutshontsha kuphela, ngokwesibonelo, amaqanda aqhamuka enkukhu yenkukhu, kodwa nezinkukhu uqobo lwazo.
Uhlala kuphi u-ermine futhi uhlala kanjani?
U-Ermine uhlala eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Asia. Kutholakala yonke indawo, ukusuka ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Arctic kuya olwandle oluseningizimu, kusuka eBaltic kuya eSakhalin. U-Ermine uhlala ehlathini-i-steppe, izigodi zemifula, amasimu, ama-tundra kanye ne-taiga. Kwethulwa eNew Zealand ukulawula inani laborabi, kepha akuphumelelanga kakhulu. I-ermine yanda ngokushesha futhi yaphenduka inkathazo, yabulala izilwane ezincane namaqanda ezinyoni zomdabu, ikakhulukazi izinyoni ze-kiwi.
U-Ermine uhlala lapho kunenani elikhulu lamagundane. Futhi isilwane sithanda amanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-ermine ihlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi, amachibi, ezigodini ezisogwini nasemifuleni. Kuthafa lehlathi awukwazi ukusithola isilwane, ngoba ngokuphila lona ukhetha umngcele, imigqa, izigodi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-ermine ihlala eduze komuntu, ezivandeni, emapaki, emaphethelweni edolobha.
Umhlaseli omncane uhola ngokuyindlela yokuphila eyedwa. Inendawo yayo, imingcele yayo imakiwe. Ubukhulu bale ndawo buhlukahluka kusuka kumahektha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Abesilisa banesakhiwo esinokuphindwe kabili kunensikazi. Izilwane zihlala ngokwahlukana futhi zihlangana ngesikhathi sokuzala kuphela. Ngaphandle kukhona omama abane-brood. Eminyakeni lapho izitolo zokudla zine-ermine encane zihamba amabanga amade, zishiya amasayithi azo.
I-ermine isebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku, kwesinye isikhathi ibuye yenzeke phakathi nosuku. Umhlaseli akazithobi ekukhetheni izindawo zokukhosela. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezingalindeleki kakhulu - ngokwesibonelo, endaweni eshisiwe, inqwaba yamatshe noma isiqu esidala. Kwangathi kungahlala izihlahla eziyize. Kaningi, i-ermine ithatha imisele yemigqa ebulawa yiyo. U-Ermine akazimbi imigodi yakhe. Ebusika, ayinayo indawo yokuhlala ngokuphelele futhi isebenzisa indawo yokukhosela eboshwe - ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziwile, amatshe noma izimpande zesihlahla.
I-ermine isilwane esidlalwa kakhulu futhi esinamandla, sishesha kakhulu. Isilwane sibhukuda ngokuphelele, sitshuza futhi sikhuphuka kalula izihlahla. Imvamisa uhlala esihlahleni uma kwenzeka ingozi noma usongelwa ngokuhlaselwa yisitha. Imvamisa, i-ermine ihlala buthule futhi buthule, kepha uma ijabule, ishaya kakhulu, imisindo kanye nama-tweets.
I-ermine yangaphambi kwesibindi inesibindi futhi inegazi kakhulu. Esimweni esingenathemba, uzibeka engcupheni yokuziphonsa noma kumuntu. Izitha zemvelo ze-ermine yizimpungushe, umdanso, ibheji, umfela, nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. U-Ermine uphila iminyaka emi-2 kuye kweli-6. I-ermine inenye futhi isitha esibi - lo ngumuntu.
Naphezu kokuxhaphaka komdlwembe, inani le-ermine lehle ngenxa yokuzingela kwalo. Isilwane esino-furry siqothulwa ngumuntu ngenxa yenani loboya. I-ermine nayo iyaqothulwa ngenxa yomonakalo emnothweni: isilwane sichitha izinkukhu nokubekwa kweqanda. Kodwa-ke, i-ermine iyasiza ekubulaweni ngamagundane futhi ilawula inani labo.
Ngabe udlani u-ermine? Izici zokuzingela i-ermine.
I-ermine ibukeka isilwane esincane esingenangozi futhi esimnandi. Kepha lesi sidlamlilo esinamandla futhi esinamandla. I-ermine yangaphambi kokudla idla ngokwehlukahluka. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-ermine ngamagundane. I-ermine idla amagundane asensimini, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-shrews, ama-chipmunks. Kodwa-ke, umphangi omncane akanandaba nokudla okunye ukudla - izinhlanzi, izinyoni ezincane, izibankwa, izinambuzane. Futhi, isela elinobuhlakani lonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni futhi lidla amaqanda.
U-ermine uzingela kusihlwa futhi azingele ubusuku bonke kuze kuse. Angaba nesibindi futhi angabi nesibindi sokuhlasela umdlalo omkhulu - i-grouse emnyama, i-capercaillie, i-hazel grouse, i-parridge. U-Ermine uphinde asebenzele ezilwaneni eziphakeme kakhulu ngosayizi - ama hares kanye nonogwaja.
Ngokushesha futhi kube yi-brisk, i-ermine igijima njengokungathi isakazeka emhlabathini, iwele phakathi kwezihlava namahlamvu. Ijubane njengomoya futhi akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuthi inyamazane iphuma kuphi impela otshanini. Futhi ebusika, ugxuma kalula eqhweni ngaphandle kokuwela ezitsheni zeqhwa.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlangene, i-ermine ye-carnivorous ingangena emiseleni ye-rodent. Njengoba insikazi incane kakhulu kunowesilisa, kulula kakhulu kuye ukwenza lokhu. Ngakho-ke, izinsikazi zibhekwa njengabazingeli abanekhono kakhulu kunabesilisa. Futhi le ndlela yokuzingela yenzelwe ikakhulukazi abesifazane.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-ermine ngamagundane angama-5 amahle ngosuku. Ebusuku, lapho efuna ukudla, umhlaseli uhamba ibanga eli-3 kuye ku-15 km. Lezi zilwane zinemizwa ekhule kahle, ngakho-ke, ekuzingeleni bazisebenzisa zonke: amehlo amahle, ukuzwa nokuhogela.
Eqhweni uhamba ngezinyawo aze afinyelele kuhafu wemitha ubude, eqhubukusha nomhlabathi ngayo yomibili imilenze yangasemva. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi kukhona ohlukunyezwayo, lo mfazi usondela kuye ngangokunokwenzeka, emva kwalokho wenza ijerk ngokushesha, egoba amazinyo akhe entanyeni yesisulu azisongele ngakuye. Uma inyamazane ingafi, ukulunywa okuningana kufanele kubekwe entanyeni. Ngakho-ke, i-ermine ihlasela ngemuva, futhi ukubulala inyamazane kwenzeka ngokuluma esifundeni sendawo yesisulu.
U-Ermine ubhekwa njengesilwane esiyingozi. Enye yezinto ezihlukile zokuzingela i-ermine uhlobo lomdanso owenziwa isilwane. Emdansweni, kufundwa imilotha futhi kuphazamise inyamazane yazo, okubavumela ukuba basondele ukuze bagxume. Umdanso onjengalawa we-pranksters ubizwa ngokuthi umdanso wokufa we-ermine.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-ermine senzeka kanye ngonyaka, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzalanisa ezinyangeni ezi-3, kanti abesilisa kuphela beneminyaka eyi-12. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi.Lesi sikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-ermine kungenxa yesici esiyingqayizivele - umbungu ukhula ngokubambezeleka isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, amawundlu e-ermine azalwa kuphela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi wonyaka olandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuzala, insikazi iqala ukuzihlomisa ngesidleke, esingabekwa ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla esiwile. Indawo yokuzalanisa nayo ingaba yisigaxa esidala, umgodi noma umgobho wethangi. Insikazi ibeka umgodi wayo ongamaqanda ngezikhumba nezinwele zezimbobo ezibulewe notshani obomile.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kuzalwa amawundlu angama-4-9, kepha inani eliphakeme lingafinyelela kwabangu-18. Yinsikazi kuphela ebandakanyeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Amawundlu ka-Ermine abukeka njengezibungu. Ama-ermines amancane anesisindo esingama-3-4 g, anobude bomzimba obungu-3-5 cm. Amawundlu ama-Ermine azalwa eyimpumputhe, engenawo amazinyo, eyisithulu futhi embozwe ngezinwele ezimhlophe ezingenalutho. Ngemuva kwesonto, umsila uphuma ufiphele kumathole. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, kuvela amazinyo. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amehlo abo avuleka, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 baqala ukuzwa.
Ngenyanga yokuqala, umama cishe akahambi kude namawundlu, ngoba adinga ukufudumala nokunakekelwa kwakhe. Insikazi yondla omncane ngobisi cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Amawundlu we-ermine akhula ngokushesha futhi ayamnyama kakhulu. Ukusuka emgodini akhonjiswa kuphela ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama akavamile emgodini, uzingela ngenkuthalo ukondla izingane zakhe.
Amawundlu we-Mobility ermine akhombisa kusenesikhathi, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuba evule amehlo. Ngesikhathi somdlalo, amawundlu athuthukisa amakhono okuzingela: ukuluma nokubamba. Lapho amawundlu esevele esidla ukudla okuqinile, umama uhlela ukuthi kube nokudla okukhona emgodini. Kungaba onogwaja, ama hares noma amadada.
Uma kunokudla okwedlula okwanele, awukwazi ukuthi ungadla kuphela, kodwa futhi ube nokuthile ongakwenza ekuzitholeni kwakho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-ermines amancane ayakuthanda ukudlala. Abahlali okomzuzwana. Lapho kungekho mlingani kulo mdlalo oseduzane, indima yebhere yohlobo lwe-teddy engahlushwa izokuya kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, umama ayibekelele njengokudla.
Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuphila, abancane bafinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala. NgoJulayi, sebevele bazingela futhi bathola ukudla kwabo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izingane ziyaqhekeka bese umuntu ngamunye eqala impilo yokuzimela.
Uma uthandile le ndatshana futhi uthanda ukufunda ngezilwane ezahlukahlukene, bhalisela ukuvuselelwa kwesayithi lethu ukuze ube ngowokuqala ukuthola kuphela izindatshana zakamuva nezihehayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Ihlala e-Arctic, subarctic kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. EYurophu, kwenzeka kusuka eScandinavia kuya kumaPyrenees nase-Alps, ngaphandle kwe-Albania, Greece, Bulgaria neTurkey. E-Asia, ibanga laso lifinyelela ogwadule lwaseCentral Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China nasenyakatho neJapan. ENyakatho Melika, itholakala eCanada, eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseCanada Arctic, eGreenland nasenyakatho ye-USA (ngaphandle kweGreat Plains). Ensimini yeRussia kuvamile enyakatho yeYurophu naseSiberia.
Inani lomuntu
I-ermine iyisisulu esivamile, kepha isibalo sayo manje sehle kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela, ukonakala kwezinsiza kusebenza, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, njll.
I-Ermine iyinto yokudoba (uboya busetshenziswa njengomhlobiso). Iwusizo ekubulaweni ngamagundane afana negundane. Akuzange kuphumelele ukuletha iNew Zealand ukulawula inani labomvundla; lapha yanda futhi yaphenduka inkathazo ebulala izilwane ezincane namaqanda ezinyoni zomdabu, ikakhulukazi, i-kiwi.
U-Ermine ku-Symbolism and Heraldry
I-ermine futhi yayiwuphawu lweTouch okwenziwe samuntu (omunye wemizwa emihlanu).
I-ermine kwakuyisifanekiselo (impresa ) U-Anne waseBreton nendodakazi yakhe uClaude waseFrance - unkosikazi kaFrancis I (-), ngoba izithombe zomfazi zingabonakala ezindlini zobukhosi zaseFrance, ngokwesibonelo, eBlois. Isihlangu esinama-ermines sifanekiselwa engubeni yanamuhla yezingalo nefulegi laseBrittany, sidlula kuwo ngesibhengezo sabakwaDukes baseBrittany. Kukhona inganekwane ukuthi omunye wababusi bakwaBrittany Alain Intshebe eshisiwe (U-Alain Barbetorte), ejahwa ngabaseNorman, wamiswa ngumfula owachitheka, udaka nodaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhulu sabona lomfazi ebaleka amahhashi omude futhi wamiswa ngasemfuleni. Eduze kwamanzi, i-ermine yaphenduka kakhulu, ikhetha ukufa kokungcola. Eqonda isibindi saleso silwane, u-Alain II wamemeza abakhwenyana bakhe: "Kungcono ukufa kunamahloni!", Kanti amaBretons aphefumulelwe abhekana nesitha.
- Izilwane Ngokwe-alfabhethi
- Ukubukwa kuphume engozini
- Cunyi
- Izilwane ezincelisayo zase-Yurasia
- Izilwane ezincelisayo zasenyakatho ne-America
- Izilwane ezichazwe ngonyaka we-1758
Isisekelo seWikimedia. 2010.
Bona ukuthi yiliphi igama kwezinye izichazamazwi:
E-URBAN - U-Ermine, iserafu eRuchevsky Pog. 1495. Bhala. II, 383. UVasily Ermine, umbhali weNkosi yaseLithuania. 1507. Arch. Sat Mina, 7. U-Ermine, ongumfana eLithuania. 1520. Arch. Sat VII, I. U-Ermine, umabhalane eKrakow. 1525. Yu. Z. A. I, 68. Ermine, iserafu ku ... ... Biographical Dictionary
U-Ermine - UMustela erminea bheka futhi 3.4.3. I-genus Ferrets Mustela Ermine Mustela erminea (ezinye izilwane zaseCaucasian azimhlophe ngenxa yobusika). Ihlukahluka nge-caress ne-solongoy kuzo zonke izinkathi zephunga elimnyama lomsila. Ithrekhi iyakhuphuka, cishe ... ... Izilwane zaseRussia. Incwadi yezinkomba
Umndeni wasendulo waseLithuania. Ukhokho wayo, u-Ermine Romanovich ubengu-1487 93 engumbusi wase-Ovruchsky. Emadodaneni akhe, u-Ivan (owashona ngo-1558) wayengumbusi weNovogrudok kanye nesikweleti seGrand Duke yaseLithuania, no-Onykos weRoyal Marshal (1555) ... Biographical Dictionary
- (UMustela erminea), isilwane esinciphile somndeni weaselel ne-ferret. abafel 'ukholo. Ngoba umzimba 17 32 cm, umsila u-6.5 12 cm. Ehlobo, uboya buphinde baba bomvana, ebusika buba mhlophe qhwa, iphuzu lomsila lihlala limnyama. Ihlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho. Melika, i-USSR cishe kuyo yonke indawo. ... ... Isichazamazwi se-Biological encyclopedic
Isilwane, u-fur Isichazamazwi sesi Russian Russian. i-ermine n., inani lamagama wokuvumelanisa: 2 isilwane (10) noboya (4 ... isichazamazwi samagama wokuvumelanisa
Izilwane ezincelisayo zomndeni wakwaMammal. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-32 cm, umsila bufika ku-10 cm .. E-Eurasia naseNyakatho. Melika. Ibhubhisa izinduku eziyingozi. Inhloso yokuhweba ngoboya ... I-Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
URBAN, ermine, umyeni. Isilo esincanyana esidla inyama ebomvu yohlobo lwesikhumba, esimhlophe, esinepipi elimnyama lomsila. || Uboya balesi silo sibaluleke kakhulu. Isichazamazwi esichazayo Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. Ngo-1935 1940 ... Isichazamazwi Esichazayo se-Ushakov
URBAN, mina, umyeni wami. Isilwane esinyamazane esincane salokhu. i-mustelike nge-white (ebusika) noboya obalulekile nethiphu elimnyama lomsila, noboya bawo. | adj. i-ermine, ow, ow. U-Ermine mantle (wasebukhosini). Isichazamazwi Esichazayo Ozhegova. S.I. I-Ozhegov, N.Yu. ... ... Isichazamazwi Esichazayo sika-Ozhegov
U-Ermine fur akanakho ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kanti i-ermine isekhanda lesitezi sobukhosi ezweni lama-furs. Wayehlala eziswa kakhulu ngobumsulwa bakhe kanye nokuthamba kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ermine ibilokhu yaziwa njenge-rarity - yingakho yanikezwa impahla engajwayelekile. Ukuthamba okumangalisayo koboya be-ermine kwenza isilwane saba uphawu lwenye yezinzwa ezinhlanu - ukuthinta.
Akusizi ngalutho ukugqoka kwansuku zonke. Futhi uma ijazi loya lokuthunga kusuka ku-fur wakhe lizogqokwa edolobheni elikhulu, khona-ke ngeke "kuhlale" isikhathi esingaphezu kwesizini eyodwa. Ukugqokwa kokwembatha koboya be-ermine kucishe kufane nalokho kwe-squirrel noma i-hare. Kodwa-ke, alukho noyedwa uboya obuningi olungadlula i-ermine ngobumsulwa nangokuthambile. Ngokusobala, lezi zimfanelo zamvumela ukuba abe nendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwamanye ama-furs. Futhi le ndawo inencazelo engokomfanekiso ukwedlula ukusetshenziswa. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi imikhiqizo evela kulobu buvuvu ivame ukuthungwa engxenyeni emincane futhi ingafakelwa i-batter noma i-winterizer eyenziwe, ngakho-ke, yize ubuhle, kungenzeka ukuthi kufrize ijazi elinjalo loboya kusithwathwa esinamandla.
Ukuhlanzeka, kanye nokuziqhenya, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwenza lesi silwane saba uphawu oluphakeme kubantu bomndeni ohlonishwayo. Isithombe sakhe sasivame ukusetshenziswa ezingalweni zemindeni ehlonishwayo enesiqubulo esinjengalesi: "Kungcono ukufa kunokuhlaselwa." Kuzwakala kungathi shu futhi emoyeni wezindlela zamandulo nezamasiko. Ukuhlobisa i-ermine ngezingubo noma izigqoko zezikhulu, amajaji namakhosi kwakufanekisela ubumsulwa bokuziphatha noma ubuhlakani. U-Ermine fur on izingubo uwuphawu lwesithunzi sobukhosi, ubukhosi bezwe kanye nenkolo. Kwesinye isikhathi izintombi ezingcwele ezingamaKristu ezisuka ezihlonipheni, ngokwesibonelo, iSt Ursula, zazifanekiswa ngezingubo ezenziwe nge-ermine.
- isilwane soboya obubalulekile bomndeni we-marten.
I-ermine isilwane esincanyana sokubukeka kobuqili obunomzimba onomzimba omude emilenzeni emifushane, intamo ende kanye nekhanda elingunxantathu ngezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Phakathi kweminwe kuyisithuthi sokubhukuda esingakhelwanga kahle. Amehlo mancane futhi acwebezela, amadevu made. I-ermine inamazinyo amancane abukhali angama-34. Izinyawo ngaphansi kwe-pubescent eningi; ebusheni obusika, amabele awabonakali. Uma uthola i-typo, iphutha noma ukunemba, sazise - uyikhethe bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter - isilwane omndeni marten. I-Ermine itholakala ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Nenkabazwe - ezindaweni ezingama-Arctic, ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezolile. E-Russia, i-ermine ihlala enyakatho engxenyeni yaseYurophu futhi. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu ye-ermine ihlanganiswe esifundeni se-step-steppe, taiga kanye ne-tundra eRussia. Sekukonke, ososayensi banezingqinamba ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha ze-ermine. I-ermine isilwane esincane. Isilwane sinaso isiqu eside, esidala esinama-paws amancane. Isilwane sinentamo ephakeme, ikhanda elakhiwe njengonxantathu, nezindlebe ezincane. Ubukhulu bomzimba wesidoda bungama-17 - 38 cm, kuthi owesifazana acishe abe kabili. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude bomzimba ngumsila - cishe ama-6 - 12 cm. Isisindo sesilwane sisuka kumagremu angama-70 kuye kwangama-260. Umbala woboya uyashintsha unyaka wonke, uvumele isilwane ukuthi singabonakali: ebusika umbala umhlophe, ehlobo umhlane ubomvu ngokubomvu, kanti isisu simhlophe qwa. Umbala omhlophe webusika utholakala ezilwaneni ezihlala ezindaweni lapho ubusika obunamakhaza buhlala okungenani izinsuku ezingama-40 ngonyaka. Izindawo zokuqongelela isilwane kungenxa yobukhona bokudla - namagundane amancane ahlukahlukene. Imvamisa i-ermine itholakala ezindaweni eziseduze nalapho kukhona khona amanzi (imifula, imifudlana, amachibi). Emathangeni ISiberia isilwane siyivelakancane, sikhetha ukusika kanye nomphetho. Emahlathini aminyene, umuntu angathola i-ermine emahlathini angenamkhawulo namahlathi alder. U-Ermine uzama ukugwema izindawo ezivulekile. Ingabekwa eduze kwezindlu zabantu (enkundleni, engadini, epaki yehlathi). Ama-ermines ahlala yedwa. Isilo siphawula umkhawulo wendawo yaso ngemfihlo yezindlala zezitho. Indawo yomhlaba ohlala kuyo i-ermine eyodwa ingaba ukusuka kumahektha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlala insimu ephindwe kabili kunensikazi. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlangana ngokuzalela kuphela. Uma kungekho inani elanele lokudla, izitofu zishiya izindawo zazo, zihamba amabanga amade. U-Ermine ikakhulukazi uphila impilo yobusuku, lapho kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala phakathi nosuku. I-ermine ihlela izidleke zayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: endaweni eshisiwe, emqubeni yamatshe, ezakhiweni ezichithiwe noma kwizingodo ezisendaweni yokuhlala yomuntu. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, i-ermine ingahlala esihlahleni esingenalutho. Futhi, lesi silwane sigcina imisele yemichilo edliwe yiyo. Owesifazane usebenzisa uboya nesikhumba sezisulu zakhe (kwesinye isikhathi utshani obomile) njengombhede. U-Ermine uqobo akavumi. Ebusika, lesi silwane asinazindawo ezithile zokukhosela. I-ermine icasha ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ngoxhaxha lwamatshe, ngaphansi kwezingodo. U-ermine akavamile ukusebenzisa indawo efanayo. I-ermine iyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi igibela izihlahla kahle. Idla izinduku ezinjengegundane: ama-voles amanzi, ama-hamsters, ama-chipmunks, ama-lemmings. I-ermine ayidli izinduku ezincane, ngoba ngenxa yobukhulu bayo ayikwazi ukungena emiseleni yayo. Umdlwane udla izinyoni namaqanda awo, okuvame ukuthi kube nezinhlanzi nama-shrews. Ngokuntuleka kokudla, kudla ama-amphibians, izibankwa nezinambuzane. U-Ermine uzingela izinyoni nezilwane ezinkulu kunayo: i-grouse, i-grouse, i-partridge, ama hares kanye nogwaja. Ngokudla okwanele, i-ermine iqoqa, ibulale namagundane amaningi kunokudinga ukondla. Ihlasela inyamazane yayo, lo mlungu uluma ngemuva kwesigebhezi. Ukuzingela izinduku, i-ermine isebenzisa izitho zokuhogela, ngenkathi ibamba izinambuzane - izitho zokuzwa, futhi ukulandelela izinhlanzi ngosizo lombono owakhiwe kahle. Kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi - abesilisa baba nesikhathi sokuya ocansini. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwenzeka kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-9 - 10. Ngakho-ke, isizukulwane esisha sizalwa kuphela ngo-Ephreli - Meyi ngonyaka olandelayo. Owesifazane uvame ukuba namazinyane amane kuya kwayi-9, awakhulisa ngaphandle kowesilisa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-3-4 amagremu, futhi ubude bazo bungama-30-50 mm. Ekuzalweni, amawundlu awaboni, awanamazinyo futhi umsele wokuqopha awukakhiwa. Imizimba yabo yonke imbozwe ngezinwele ezimhlophe ezingenalutho. NgoJuni - Julayi baqala ukuzingela bodwa. Kakade ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3, abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi, kuthi abesilisa babe izinyanga ezili-11 - 14 kuphela. Ngokwemvelo, i-ermine ihlala iminyaka engu-1-2, kwezinye izikhathi isilwane sifinyelela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa yobudala. Inani le-ermine lihlobene ngokuqondile nenani lamagundane: lapho kungekho khona ukudla, ukuzala komphangi kwehla kakhulu. Njengamanje, inani lama-ermines lincishisiwe ngenxa yokuzingela kwabantu, ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lezilwane ezidliwayo yi-ermine, kanye nokwehla kwendawo yokuhlala kwamagundane. I-ermine inoboya obalulekile, ngakho-ke iye yaba yinto yokuzingela. Bazingela i-ermine ngosizo lwezicupho nezinselo ezincane. Izibhamu cishe azikaze zisetshenziswe, ukuze kungalimazi isikhumba. E-Russia nase ISiberia i-ermine ihanjiswa eziqhingini ze-Arctic Ocean. Kepha eningizimu inani labantu likhulu kunasenyakatho. E-Karelia, inani labantu ngamathrekhi angama-0.78 nge-10 km ngalinye. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ubungako obujwayelekile besilwane buphakeme - i-0.99, esifundeni esiphakathi - 0.73, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho - ngu-0.49 nge-10 km. U-Ermine fur akanakho ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, kanti i-ermine isekhanda lesitezi sobukhosi ezweni lama-furs. Wayehlala eziswa kakhulu ngobumsulwa bakhe kanye nokuthamba kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ermine ibilokhu yaziwa njenge-rarity - yingakho yanikezwa impahla engajwayelekile. Ukuthamba okumangalisayo koboya be-ermine kwenza isilwane saba uphawu lwenye yezinzwa ezinhlanu - ukuthinta. Akusizi ngalutho ukugqoka kwansuku zonke. Futhi uma ijazi loya lokuthunga kusuka ku-fur wakhe lizogqokwa edolobheni elikhulu, khona-ke ngeke "kuhlale" isikhathi esingaphezu kwesizini eyodwa. Ukugqokwa kokwembatha koboya be-ermine kucishe kufane nalokho kwe-squirrel noma i-hare. Kodwa-ke, alukho noyedwa uboya obuningi olungadlula i-ermine ngobumsulwa nangokuthambile. Ngokusobala, lezi zimfanelo zamvumela ukuba abe nendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwamanye ama-furs. Futhi le ndawo inencazelo engokomfanekiso ukwedlula ukusetshenziswa. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi imikhiqizo evela kulobu buvuvu ivame ukuthungwa engxenyeni emincane futhi ingafakelwa i-batter noma i-winterizer eyenziwe, ngakho-ke, yize ubuhle, kungenzeka ukuthi kufrize ijazi elinjalo loboya kusithwathwa esinamandla. Ukuhlanzeka, kanye nokuziqhenya, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwenza lesi silwane saba uphawu oluphakeme kubantu bomndeni ohlonishwayo. Isithombe sakhe sasivame ukusetshenziswa ezingalweni zemindeni ehlonishwayo enesiqubulo esinjengalesi: "Kungcono ukufa kunokuhlaselwa." Kuzwakala kungathi shu futhi emoyeni wezindlela zamandulo nezamasiko. Ukuhlobisa i-ermine ngezingubo noma izigqoko zezikhulu, amajaji namakhosi kwakufanekisela ubumsulwa bokuziphatha noma ubuhlakani. U-Ermine fur on izingubo uwuphawu lwesithunzi sobukhosi, ubukhosi bezwe kanye nenkolo. Kwesinye isikhathi izintombi ezingcwele ezingamaKristu ezisuka ezihlonipheni, ngokwesibonelo, iSt Ursula, zazifanekiswa ngezingubo ezenziwe nge-ermine. - isilwane soboya obubalulekile bomndeni we-marten. I-ermine isilwane esincanyana sokubukeka kobuqili obunomzimba onomzimba omude emilenzeni emifushane, intamo ende kanye nekhanda elingunxantathu ngezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga. Phakathi kweminwe kuyisithuthi sokubhukuda esingakhelwanga kahle. Amehlo mancane futhi acwebezela, amadevu made. I-ermine inamazinyo amancane abukhali angama-34. Izinyawo ngaphansi kwe-pubescent eningi; ebusheni obusika, amabele awabonakali. 252. Kuyaziwa ukuthi induna - isilwane esincane esidliwayo esinobuthi obalulekile, sondla amagundane anjengegundane. Usebenzisa lolu lwazi, khetha izitatimende ezintathu ezilandelayo ohlwini olungezansi. idatha izimpawu zalesi silwane. 1) Ingabe indaba yokudoba. 2) Inamazinyo okwazi ukusika isikhumba sesisulu. 3) ubude bomzimba wesilisa buba ngu-17-38 cm (izintokazi ziphantse zibe yingxenye yalokho), futhi isisindo somzimba sifinyelela kuma-260 g. 4) Umbala womzimba nobukhulu bawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa cishe ama-subspecies angama-26 ohlobo lwe-ermine. 5) Kuholela ikakhulu yokuphila eyedwa yendawo. I-6) I-ermine yayiwuphawu luka-A. Breton nendodakazi yakhe u-K. French - unkosikazi kaFrancis I, ngakho-ke, izithombe zalowo mphathi zingabonakala ezindlini zobukhosi zaseFrance. 253. Phakathi kwezilwane ezi-invertebrate, uhlobo lweMollusks lungolwesibili kuphela ohlotsheni lwezinhlobo 254. Yimuphi umsebenzi wokulandelayo owenziwa yi-Earthworms? Ehlobo, uboya buyivelakancane futhi bunzima, kanti ebusika buthambile futhi bukhulu. Ukuhlanjululwa kwalezi zilwane kwenzeka izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukuncibilika kwentwasahlobo yinde, iyahamba kancane, okokuqala kuthulula ikhanda, bese kuba emuva, bese kuthi isisu. Ekwindla, isilwane sigaxelana ngokulandelana - ukusuka esiswini, futhi lokhu kwenzeka cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ngokushesha. Ezinye izingxhaso ezihlala eningizimu azishintshi umbala wejazi labo ebusika. Ebusika nje, ijazi labo liba mdaka futhi likhule. U-Ermine ukhetha ukuhlala e-taiga, tundra nasehlathini-steppe. Izimpilo zihlala ziseduze nedamu, zivame ukubekelwa emahlathini ezihlahla nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Izama ukungangeni kwi-figa ye-taiga fense, futhi ayithandi indawo evulekile enotshani obuncane bezitshalo. Phila impilo yodwa. Isilwane ngasinye sinensimu yaso, imingcele yaso emaka umaki nomchamo. Izinto zesilisa zikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi ukwabiwa kwezinsikazi. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa bafika emkhakheni wezinsikazi. U-Ermine ungumhlaseli wangempela. Uzingela ama-hamsters, ama-voles asensimini, izibankwa, ama-pikas, ama-chipmunks, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Uma ethola inqwaba yamaqanda enyoni ethile, ayidle. Izilungele naye zingamagundane namagundane, amaningi ezindaweni eziseduzane namakhaya abantu. Idla amaprotheni nama hares. I-ermine ingumhlaseli onobuqili kakhulu - ngamasayizi amancane ingahlasela inyamazane enkulu kakhulu kunaleyo ngosayizi, iphonsa ngisho naku-muskrat. Ukubamba nokudla izinhlanzi. U-Ermine ungumhlaseli omncane. Ama-Ermines awazenzi izimbobo; ukuphumula, atholakala emashalofini emvelo. Imvamisa bazingela ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukuzingela emini. Baphila impilo yokuhlala phansi futhi bashintsha indawo yokuhlala lapho kuphela ukudla. Ngenxa yokushesha kwayo, ubuwula kanye nejubane layo, lesi silwane sigwema izilwane ezidla ezinye, kunzima ukuthi zizibambe. Isitha esibi kakhulu umuntu. Okokuqala, ngibhubhisa izilwane ngenxa yoboya, obudayiswa lapho. Eduzane nepulazi, lesi silwane siyabulawa ukuze kuvikelwe inkukhu kuso. Kuze kube manje, inani lalezi zinhlobo lehle kakhulu. I-ermine ibhalwe ku-International Red Book njengezinhlobo ezisongelwa ngokubhujiswa ngokuphelele. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buba ngu-17- 38 cm (izintokazi zilinganiselwa kwesigamu leso), umsila ucishe ube ngama-35% wobude bomzimba - 6-12 cm, isisindo somzimba ngokuya ngendawo nobulili (90- 300 g). Ama-Ermines ahlala enyakatho mancane kunalawo ahlala eYurophu. Abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo esingama-50% kunabesifazane.
Imvamisa kuthulile, kepha esimweni esijabulisayo uxoxa kakhulu, akwazi ukuxoxa, acule futhi akhonkothe.
Umbala woboya uvikela: ebusika bumhlophe bumsulwa, ehlobo unezithoni ezimbili - ingaphezulu lomzimba liphuzi ngokubomvu, phansi kubhlophe ngombala ophuzi. Isihloko somsila simnyama unyaka wonke. Umbala wasebusika uvamile ezindaweni lapho iqhwa lihlala khona okungenani izinsuku ezingama-40 ngonyaka. Ukuhlukahluka kwendawo yekhwalithi yoboya obusika, umbala woboya behlobo nosayizi womzimba kwenza ukuthi kukhonjwe cishe ama-subspecies angama-26 we-ermine.
Uboya obusika bukhulu, bunobusilika futhi bufanelana nomzimba emzimbeni. Umsila mude (1/3 wobude bomzimba). Ubukhulu bejazi buhlala bukhona ehlobo nasebusika; kuphela ubude nobukhulu bezinwele buyaguquka.
I-Ermine isasazeke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe - e-Arctic, ezingxenyeni ezishubile futhi ezifudumele ze-Eurasia nase North America. EYurophu, kwenzeka kusuka eScandinavia kuya kumaPyrenees nase-Alps, ngaphandle kwe-Albania, Greece, Bulgaria neTurkey. E-Asia, ibanga laso lifinyelela ogwadule lwaseCentral Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China nasenyakatho neJapan. ENyakatho Melika, itholakala eCanada, eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseCanada Arctic, eGreenland nasenyakatho ye-USA (ngaphandle kweGreat Plains). Ensimini yeRussia kuvamile enyakatho yeYurophu naseSiberia.
Kwafakwa eNew Zealand ukulawula inani laborabi.
I-ermine iningi kakhulu ezifundeni zehlathi-steppe, taiga kanye ne-tundra, nasezintabeni, ePamirs naseHimalayas ezikhuphuka ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5-4. Ukukhetha kwabo kwendawo kunqunywa ngobuningi bokuphakelwa okuyinhloko - amagundane amancane. Njengomthetho, i-ermine ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi: ngasogwini nasezifikeni zezikhukhula zemifula nemifudlana, eduze namachibi amahlathi, eduze kwezindawo eziseduzane lolwandle, izihlahla zamabhasi nezinhlanga. Akuvamile ukuthi ungene ekujuleni kwamahlathi, emahlathini kukhona ukushiswa okudala okudala nokucaciswa, imiphetho yamahlathi (ikakhulukazi hhayi kude nemizana nezindawo ezime kahle), emahlathini aminyene uyawathanda amahlathi aluhlaza acwebezelayo. Okuvamile kuma-kopi, ezigodini zezigodi nasezigungwini. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseSiberia, ifinyelela indawo yokushiswa, ihlala phakathi kwamatshe amatshe anezindawo zikapiki, kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba, lapho ikhava leqhwa liphansi. Ezindaweni ezisehlathini, i-ermine ihlala ezindaweni eziseduzane noma emingceleni yayo - ezindlini ezifuywayo naseziteshini zokuhlatshwa, ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla nakwezinye izakhiwo.
Ukushisa okuphansi noma iqhwa eliphakeme akunakuphazamisa impilo ejwayelekile yomfazi. Uzwa kubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zentwasahlobo, kanye nasebusika thaws, lapho iqhwa liqine kakhulu futhi kuvimbela isilwane ekuzingeleni ngamagundane amancane.
Kuholela ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila eyedwa yendawo yokuhlala, uhlala ngokuphelele uzinzile, okungenani ebusika, ngokutholakala kokudla okuhle. Izindawo ezinabantu ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezikhukhula zivame ukunwetshwa ngasogwini, zimboze indawo engamahektare angama-8-30, emithambekeni yezikhukhula, osayizi bawo akhuphuke abe ngamahektare angama-50-100. Ensimini ngayinye kunezindawo ezinamafutha ezihlukile, lapho isilwane sibuyela khona ukuzingela njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3 “nokuhamba”, lapho kungahlali isikhathi eside. Inethiwekhi yezindawo ngazinye, imingcele yazo iphinde yenziwa esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, lapho isizukulwane esncane sakha izindawo zokuhlala, futhi ingxenye yabantu abadala iba yisisulu sabazingeli abakhulu nabazingeli.
Ngokuntuleka kokuphakelayo, izilwane zinamathela ngokungathí sina endaweni ethile, ikakhulukazi ziyazulazula. Ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala luphawuleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi ezikhukhula: ngokuqala kwezikhukhula, ama-erm ligxila emendweni ephansi noma athuthele emahlathini angomakhelwane ngebanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Zivame ukuchitha isikhathi sasebusika ezindaweni eziningi eduze namaphethelo amadolobhana, lapho inqwaba yamagundane anjengemouse ifuduka. Ezintabeni, izilwane ezidla ezinye zenza ukunyakaza okuma ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, ngokuvamile okubonakala ngezilwane zasezintabeni.
Izindlu ze-ermine, kanye nezinye izibalo ezincane, imvamisa yemisele yamagundane abawadingayo. Umhlaseli ngokwakhe ugaya ngobunzima obukhulu: umbhangqwana owodwa oshadile uhlala endaweni yezindiza, lapho kwakungekho ndawo yokuhlala efanele, wemba umgodi emhlabathini isonto kuphela elingamasentimitha ayi-15. Umqando ophelile we-ermine onama-restesses amaningana, kwezinye zazo umnikazi uhlela izindlu zangasese, kunezindawo zokugcina izindlu eziningana eduze komqando. Ngokuvamile, i-ermine ihlala inqwaba yezinhlanga zotshani noma zotshani, iziziba ezindala eziyize, ngaphansi kwesihlahla esibunjiwe noma ezingxenyeni zamatshe, nasemakhamelweni ahlela indawo yokuhlala ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane. Isidleke esiyindilinga senziwe ngotshani obomile namaqabunga, ngoboya kanye nezikhumba zezikhumba zezinsimbi nezimpaphe zezinyoni ezidliwayo ngumphangi.
I-ermine isebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa, lapho ama-voles esebenza kakhulu.
I-ermine isilwane esidala futhi esidala kakhulu. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuyashesha, kepha kunokuphikisana ngandlela-thile. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwama-paws, lesi silwane sihamba kalula eqhweni ngokuxhuma kuze kube ngu-50 cm ubude, nayo yomibili imilenze yangemuva isuka phansi, kepha-ke, uma iqhwa ikhava ijulile futhi ithambile, ukhetha “ukungena” kuyo futhi ahambise izindima zeqhwa. Ekuzingeleni, ihamba kuze kufike ku-15 km ngosuku, ebusika - isilinganiso samakhilomitha amathathu. Ebusika, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-30 °, ngokuvamile uzama ukungashiyi indawo yokukhosela. Endabeni yokuphishekela, ugibela ngokushesha emithini nasezihlahleni, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumamitha ayi-15. I-ermine ibhukuda kahle, ngesikhathi sesikhukhula sentwasahlobo inganqoba izikhala zamanzi ngobude obungafika ku-khilomitha. Lapho isivikela noma isaba, lesi silwane sikhipha imfihlo enuka kabi yezindlala zamaphinifa, uketshezi olufanayo, ngaphezu komchamo, siphawula indawo yomuntu ngamunye.
I-ermine ibhukuda futhi ikhuphuka kahle, kepha empeleni ingumhlaseli womhlaba okhethekile. Ekudleni kwakhe, amagundane anjengegundane agqokile, kepha ngokungafani nomzala wakhe, umdlebende odla ama-voes amancane, lo mbumbulu udla izinduku ezinkulu - i-vole yamanzi, i-hamster, i-chipmunk, ama-haylings, ama-lemmings, njll., Ibafica ngemisele futhi ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ubukhulu abuvumeli ukuthi lingene phakathi izimbobo zamagundane amancane. Izinsikazi zizingela imisele kaningi kunabesilisa. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwe-ermine yizinyoni namaqanda abo, no-tkanye nezinhlanzi nama-shrews. Noma kaningi kangakanani (ngokusweleka kokudla okuyisisekelo), i-ermine idla ama-amphibians, izibankwa nezinambuzane. Iyakwazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezinkulu kunazo uqobo (i-capercaillie, i-hazel grouse, i-partridge, i-hares kanye nonogwaja), eminyakeni elambile idla udoti noma intshontsho lwabantu esitokisini senyama nenhlanzi. Ngokudla okuningana, i-ermine iqoqa, icekela phansi namagundane amaningi kunokudla. Ubulala inyamazane efana ne-weasel - iluma igebhezi lakhe ngemuva kwekhanda. I-ermine ilandelela izinduku, igxile kunephunga, izinambuzane - kumisindo, inhlanzi - isebenzisa umbono.
Indlela yokuzingela ye-ermine iyahamba, inembuyiselo ejwayelekile kanye nemikhawulo yemikhondo yayo. Imvamisa, kumugqa oqondile ongadluli kumakhilomitha, ukwazile ukuhambisa imizila ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-2-3. Izindawo kuphela lapho kungekho kudla khona, umdlwenguli udlula ngaphandle kokulibala futhi angena eqhweni.Esilwane esiqondile futhi sinqamula izikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile - amasimu, amachibi nemifula eqandisiwe. Lapho sifuna ukudla, lesi silwane, njenge-gundog, sishaye "isifihla" emhlabeni olimekayo, sibambe umsila waso phezulu, isigaxa salo esimnyama sihlala sihamba njalo. Kwesinye isikhathi uyama futhi aphakamise "ikholamu" emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva - ihlolwe. Ukungena eqhweni, ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-15 kubonakala kubuya emuva futhi kuyaqhubeka nokudweba izihibe ezithandekayo ebusweni bomhlophe qhwa.
Ngokudla okuningana, i-reflex yidlozi ibangela ukuba i-ermine elambile ibulale izinduku kakhulu kunokuba ingadla, amagundane afinyelela ku-8-10 kanye nama-voles asensimini ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhanya kuyaphela njengoba kugcwala, ukuze ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, noma inyamazane ingehli, umhlaseli ubulala amagundane angama-2-3 kuphela ngosuku, awudla cishe ngokuphelele. Uhlala efihla inyamazane engadliwanga lapho kuze kuba isikhathi esibi kakhulu: kuze kufike ku-20-25 voles kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala kuma-pantries akhe.
Lesi sidlakela esincane sinesibindi esikhulu, esimweni esingenathemba, sizibeka engozini yokuziphonsa ngisho nakubantu. Izitha zemvelo ze-ermine zifaka izimpungushe ezibomvu nezimpunga, ama-martens, ama-slika, amabibi aseMelika, izinyoni ezidla inyama, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile amakati ayayibamba. Ama-ermines amaningi abulawa yisifo i-parodeic nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, axazulula iziphambeko ezingaphambili, ngokusobala onobuhlakani bawo.
I-Ermine isithembu izala kanye ngonyaka. Izenzo zocansi kwabesilisa zihlala izinyanga ezi-4, kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanezigaba ezinde zokugcina (izinyanga 8-9) - imibungu ayikhuli kuze kube uMashi. Sekukonke, kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10, ngakho-ke amawundlu avela ngo-Ephreli - ngoMeyi ngonyaka olandelayo. amathole ku udoti kukhona 5-8, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube 18, ngokwesilinganiso 49. Kungowesifazane kuphela ozibandakanya kubo.
Imvamisa, owesifazana ongumfazi onakekelayo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, kuyaqabukela kuphume esidlekeni, kufudumise amathole ayo ngokushisa, ihluleka ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme njalo. Ngesikhathi sokudinwa okubandayo, umama udonsa isisulu ngengxenye yedoti noma isidumbu se-vole efile. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kunalokho, kwesinye isikhathi ukhipha imidlwane yakhe esidlekeni esidlekayo uwafake embhedeni opholile wotshani namahlamvu. Ukusuka esidlekeni sezingane ezitholakele, i-ermin idonsela la matshana kwenye indawo yokuhlala: ingane ngayinye iyashintshana, noma ngabe ingusayizi wesigidi sikamama, iphuthuma endaweni entsha lapho kube khona ama-scruff and hitching, ingane ekhulisiwe ingagxuma buthule emaphepheni nasezigungwini. Uma umhlaseli noma indoda isondela emgodini onamahlwili, insikazi iyamthukuthela, igxume imvikele, ivikele inzalo yayo.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinobunzima obungu-3-4 g nobude bomzimba obungu-32-51 mm, zizalwa zingaboni, zinamachashazi, zinemisele evaliwe yezinsimbi futhi zimbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezingenalutho, futhi zichitha izinsuku zokuqala ziduka ndawonye - okubizwa ngokuthi “ukunamathela” kwezingane, okusiza ukugcina ukushisa. Amawundlu akhula kancane kunamanye amabele amancane: amehlo avuleka kuphela lapho enenyanga eyodwa, kuthi lapho eseneminyaka engaba ngu-40 aqale ukuphendula ngezwi (“inkukhu”) kusongo. Lapho nje bebona ukukhanya, amawundlu aba neselula futhi anolaka, ngesifiso esikhulu bazama ukudla inyama, baxabana isikhathi eside. Baqala ukushiya isidleke enyangeni yesibili yokuphila. Umama ekuqaleni ngazo zonke izindlela angavimbela lokhu futhi, ebamba amazinyane akhe ngo “mane”, uzama ukumdonsela emuva. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncelisa ubisi kuyamiswa. Impilo yomndeni ihlala izinyanga ezi-3-4, ukuwohloka kwemifudlana nokuqala kokuphinda kwakhiwe kwezingane zenzeka maphakathi nehlobo. Ezindaweni lapho ama-ermins azingelwa khona, yidlanzana nje kuphela elihlala iminyaka emibili, kanti izilwane zihlala iminyaka engu-5 kuya ku-60.
Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba besebancane kakhulu, ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuya ku-2, abesilisa kuphela abaneminyaka eyi-11 kuya kwezingu-14 ubudala. Izinsikazi ezisencane (ezineminyaka engama-60-70 yezinsuku) zingambozwa ngempumelelo ngabesilisa abadala - icala elihlukile phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezifaka isandla ekusindeni kwezinhlobo.
U-Ermine uyisisulu esivamile. Kodwa ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu kakhulu, inani layo lehle kakhulu. Isikhumba esimhlophe sasebusika esinomsila omnyama, ezikhathini zasendulo, sasisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amajazi oboya, izigqoko nezingubo zabantu abahloniphekayo. Lesi silwane sisiza kakhulu, sichitha izinambuzane ezincane zamagundane. Ngakho-ke, ngawo-1950s, kwenqunyelwa ngokuphelele ukuvinjwa kwe-ermine ku-Sakhalin ukubhekana nama-voes asakazwa ngokweqile.
Aluzange luphumelele ukulethwa eNew Zealand ukuze kulawulwe inani labantu onogwaja; lapha kwanda futhi kwaphenduka inkathazo ebulala izilwane ezisencane namaqanda ezinyoni zomdabu, ikakhulukazi, i-kiwi.Imfashan.ru
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buba ngu-17- 38 cm (izintokazi zilinganiselwa kwesigamu leso), umsila ucishe ube ngama-35% wobude bomzimba - 6-12 cm, isisindo somzimba ngokuya ngendawo nobulili (90- 300 g). Ama-Ermines ahlala enyakatho mancane kunalawo ahlala eYurophu. Abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo esingama-50% kunabesifazane.
Imvamisa kuthulile, kepha esimweni esijabulisayo uxoxa kakhulu, akwazi ukuxoxa, acule futhi akhonkothe.
Umbala woboya uvikela: ebusika bumhlophe bumsulwa, ehlobo unezithoni ezimbili - ingaphezulu lomzimba liphuzi ngokubomvu, phansi kubhlophe ngombala ophuzi. Isihloko somsila simnyama unyaka wonke. Umbala wasebusika uvamile ezindaweni lapho iqhwa lihlala khona okungenani izinsuku ezingama-40 ngonyaka. Ukuhlukahluka kwendawo yekhwalithi yoboya obusika, umbala woboya behlobo nosayizi womzimba kwenza ukuthi kukhonjwe cishe ama-subspecies angama-26 we-ermine.
Uboya obusika bukhulu, bunobusilika futhi bufanelana nomzimba emzimbeni. Umsila mude (1/3 wobude bomzimba). Ubukhulu bejazi buhlala bukhona ehlobo nasebusika; kuphela ubude nobukhulu bezinwele buyaguquka.
I-Ermine isasazeke eNyakatho Nenkabazwe - e-Arctic, ezingxenyeni ezishubile futhi ezifudumele ze-Eurasia nase North America. EYurophu, kwenzeka kusuka eScandinavia kuya kumaPyrenees nase-Alps, ngaphandle kwe-Albania, Greece, Bulgaria neTurkey. E-Asia, ibanga laso lifinyelela ogwadule lwaseCentral Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China nasenyakatho neJapan. ENyakatho Melika, itholakala eCanada, eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseCanada Arctic, eGreenland nasenyakatho ye-USA (ngaphandle kweGreat Plains). Ensimini yeRussia kuvamile enyakatho yeYurophu naseSiberia.
Kwafakwa eNew Zealand ukulawula inani laborabi.
I-ermine iningi kakhulu ezifundeni zehlathi-steppe, taiga kanye ne-tundra, nasezintabeni, ePamirs naseHimalayas ezikhuphuka ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5-4. Ukukhetha kwabo kwendawo kunqunywa ngobuningi bokuphakelwa okuyinhloko - amagundane amancane. Njengomthetho, i-ermine ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi: ngasogwini nasezifikeni zezikhukhula zemifula nemifudlana, eduze namachibi amahlathi, eduze kwezindawo eziseduzane lolwandle, izihlahla zamabhasi nezinhlanga. Akuvamile ukuthi ungene ekujuleni kwamahlathi, emahlathini kukhona ukushiswa okudala okudala nokucaciswa, imiphetho yamahlathi (ikakhulukazi hhayi kude nemizana nezindawo ezime kahle), emahlathini aminyene uyawathanda amahlathi aluhlaza acwebezelayo. Okuvamile kuma-kopi, ezigodini zezigodi nasezigungwini. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseSiberia, ifinyelela indawo yokushiswa, ihlala phakathi kwamatshe amatshe anezindawo zikapiki, kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba, lapho ikhava leqhwa liphansi. Ezindaweni ezisehlathini, i-ermine ihlala ezindaweni eziseduzane noma emingceleni yayo - ezindlini ezifuywayo naseziteshini zokuhlatshwa, ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla nakwezinye izakhiwo.
Ukushisa okuphansi noma iqhwa eliphakeme akunakuphazamisa impilo ejwayelekile yomfazi. Uzwa kubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zentwasahlobo, kanye nasebusika thaws, lapho iqhwa liqine kakhulu futhi kuvimbela isilwane ekuzingeleni ngamagundane amancane.
Kuholela ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila eyedwa yendawo yokuhlala, uhlala ngokuphelele uzinzile, okungenani ebusika, ngokutholakala kokudla okuhle. Izindawo ezinabantu ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezikhukhula zivame ukunwetshwa ngasogwini, zimboze indawo engamahektare angama-8-30, emithambekeni yezikhukhula, osayizi bawo akhuphuke abe ngamahektare angama-50-100. Ensimini ngayinye kunezindawo ezinamafutha ezihlukile, lapho isilwane sibuyela khona ukuzingela njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3 “nokuhamba”, lapho kungahlali isikhathi eside. Inethiwekhi yezindawo ngazinye, imingcele yazo iphinde yenziwa esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, lapho isizukulwane esncane sakha izindawo zokuhlala, futhi ingxenye yabantu abadala iba yisisulu sabazingeli abakhulu nabazingeli.
Ngokuntuleka kokuphakelayo, izilwane zinamathela ngokungathí sina endaweni ethile, ikakhulukazi ziyazulazula.Ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala luphawuleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi ezikhukhula: ngokuqala kwezikhukhula, ama-erm ligxila emendweni ephansi noma athuthele emahlathini angomakhelwane ngebanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Zivame ukuchitha isikhathi sasebusika ezindaweni eziningi eduze namaphethelo amadolobhana, lapho inqwaba yamagundane anjengemouse ifuduka. Ezintabeni, izilwane ezidla ezinye zenza ukunyakaza okuma ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, ngokuvamile okubonakala ngezilwane zasezintabeni.
Izindlu ze-ermine, kanye nezinye izibalo ezincane, imvamisa yemisele yamagundane abawadingayo. Umhlaseli ngokwakhe ugaya ngobunzima obukhulu: umbhangqwana owodwa oshadile uhlala endaweni yezindiza, lapho kwakungekho ndawo yokuhlala efanele, wemba umgodi emhlabathini isonto kuphela elingamasentimitha ayi-15. Umqando ophelile we-ermine onama-restesses amaningana, kwezinye zazo umnikazi uhlela izindlu zangasese, kunezindawo zokugcina izindlu eziningana eduze komqando. Ngokuvamile, i-ermine ihlala inqwaba yezinhlanga zotshani noma zotshani, iziziba ezindala eziyize, ngaphansi kwesihlahla esibunjiwe noma ezingxenyeni zamatshe, nasemakhamelweni ahlela indawo yokuhlala ezakhiweni ezishiywe dengwane. Isidleke esiyindilinga senziwe ngotshani obomile namaqabunga, ngoboya kanye nezikhumba zezikhumba zezinsimbi nezimpaphe zezinyoni ezidliwayo ngumphangi.
I-ermine isebenza ikakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa, lapho ama-voles esebenza kakhulu.
I-ermine isilwane esidala futhi esidala kakhulu. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuyashesha, kepha kunokuphikisana ngandlela-thile. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwama-paws, lesi silwane sihamba kalula eqhweni ngokuxhuma kuze kube ngu-50 cm ubude, nayo yomibili imilenze yangemuva isuka phansi, kepha-ke, uma iqhwa ikhava ijulile futhi ithambile, ukhetha “ukungena” kuyo futhi ahambise izindima zeqhwa. Ekuzingeleni, ihamba kuze kufike ku-15 km ngosuku, ebusika - isilinganiso samakhilomitha amathathu. Ebusika, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-30 °, ngokuvamile uzama ukungashiyi indawo yokukhosela. Endabeni yokuphishekela, ugibela ngokushesha emithini nasezihlahleni, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumamitha ayi-15. I-ermine ibhukuda kahle, ngesikhathi sesikhukhula sentwasahlobo inganqoba izikhala zamanzi ngobude obungafika ku-khilomitha. Lapho isivikela noma isaba, lesi silwane sikhipha imfihlo enuka kabi yezindlala zamaphinifa, uketshezi olufanayo, ngaphezu komchamo, siphawula indawo yomuntu ngamunye.
I-ermine ibhukuda futhi ikhuphuka kahle, kepha empeleni ingumhlaseli womhlaba okhethekile. Ekudleni kwakhe, amagundane anjengegundane agqokile, kepha ngokungafani nomzala wakhe, umdlebende odla ama-voes amancane, lo mbumbulu udla izinduku ezinkulu - i-vole yamanzi, i-hamster, i-chipmunk, ama-haylings, ama-lemmings, njll., Ibafica ngemisele futhi ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ubukhulu abuvumeli ukuthi lingene phakathi izimbobo zamagundane amancane. Izinsikazi zizingela imisele kaningi kunabesilisa. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwe-ermine yizinyoni namaqanda abo, no-tkanye nezinhlanzi nama-shrews. Noma kaningi kangakanani (ngokusweleka kokudla okuyisisekelo), i-ermine idla ama-amphibians, izibankwa nezinambuzane. Iyakwazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezinkulu kunazo uqobo (i-capercaillie, i-hazel grouse, i-partridge, i-hares kanye nonogwaja), eminyakeni elambile idla udoti noma intshontsho lwabantu esitokisini senyama nenhlanzi. Ngokudla okuningana, i-ermine iqoqa, icekela phansi namagundane amaningi kunokudla. Ubulala inyamazane efana ne-weasel - iluma igebhezi lakhe ngemuva kwekhanda. I-ermine ilandelela izinduku, igxile kunephunga, izinambuzane - kumisindo, inhlanzi - isebenzisa umbono.
Indlela yokuzingela ye-ermine iyahamba, inembuyiselo ejwayelekile kanye nemikhawulo yemikhondo yayo. Imvamisa, kumugqa oqondile ongadluli kumakhilomitha, ukwazile ukuhambisa imizila ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-2-3. Izindawo kuphela lapho kungekho kudla khona, umdlwenguli udlula ngaphandle kokulibala futhi angena eqhweni. Esilwane esiqondile futhi sinqamula izikhala ezinkulu ezivulekile - amasimu, amachibi nemifula eqandisiwe. Lapho sifuna ukudla, lesi silwane, njenge-gundog, sishaye "isifihla" emhlabeni olimekayo, sibambe umsila waso phezulu, isigaxa salo esimnyama sihlala sihamba njalo. Kwesinye isikhathi uyama futhi aphakamise "ikholamu" emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva - ihlolwe. Ukungena eqhweni, ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10-15 kubonakala kubuya emuva futhi kuyaqhubeka nokudweba izihibe ezithandekayo ebusweni bomhlophe qhwa.
Ngokudla okuningana, i-reflex yidlozi ibangela ukuba i-ermine elambile ibulale izinduku kakhulu kunokuba ingadla, amagundane afinyelela ku-8-10 kanye nama-voles asensimini ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhanya kuyaphela njengoba kugcwala, ukuze ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, noma inyamazane ingehli, umhlaseli ubulala amagundane angama-2-3 kuphela ngosuku, awudla cishe ngokuphelele. Uhlala efihla inyamazane engadliwanga lapho kuze kuba isikhathi esibi kakhulu: kuze kufike ku-20-25 voles kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala kuma-pantries akhe.
Lesi sidlakela esincane sinesibindi esikhulu, esimweni esingenathemba, sizibeka engozini yokuziphonsa ngisho nakubantu. Izitha zemvelo ze-ermine zifaka izimpungushe ezibomvu nezimpunga, ama-martens, ama-slika, amabibi aseMelika, izinyoni ezidla inyama, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile amakati ayayibamba. Ama-ermines amaningi abulawa yisifo i-parodeic nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, axazulula iziphambeko ezingaphambili, ngokusobala onobuhlakani bawo.
I-Ermine isithembu izala kanye ngonyaka. Izenzo zocansi kwabesilisa zihlala izinyanga ezi-4, kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanezigaba ezinde zokugcina (izinyanga 8-9) - imibungu ayikhuli kuze kube uMashi. Sekukonke, kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10, ngakho-ke amawundlu avela ngo-Ephreli - ngoMeyi ngonyaka olandelayo. amathole ku udoti kukhona 5-8, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube 18, ngokwesilinganiso 49. Kungowesifazane kuphela ozibandakanya kubo.
Imvamisa, owesifazana ongumfazi onakekelayo. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, kuyaqabukela kuphume esidlekeni, kufudumise amathole ayo ngokushisa, ihluleka ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme njalo. Ngesikhathi sokudinwa okubandayo, umama udonsa isisulu ngengxenye yedoti noma isidumbu se-vole efile. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kunalokho, kwesinye isikhathi ukhipha imidlwane yakhe esidlekeni esidlekayo uwafake embhedeni opholile wotshani namahlamvu. Ukusuka esidlekeni sezingane ezitholakele, i-ermin idonsela la matshana kwenye indawo yokuhlala: ingane ngayinye iyashintshana, noma ngabe ingusayizi wesigidi sikamama, iphuthuma endaweni entsha lapho kube khona ama-scruff and hitching, ingane ekhulisiwe ingagxuma buthule emaphepheni nasezigungwini. Uma umhlaseli noma indoda isondela emgodini onamahlwili, insikazi iyamthukuthela, igxume imvikele, ivikele inzalo yayo.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinobunzima obungu-3-4 g nobude bomzimba obungu-32-51 mm, zizalwa zingaboni, zinamachashazi, zinemisele evaliwe yezinsimbi futhi zimbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezingenalutho, futhi zichitha izinsuku zokuqala ziduka ndawonye - okubizwa ngokuthi “ukunamathela” kwezingane, okusiza ukugcina ukushisa. Amawundlu akhula kancane kunamanye amabele amancane: amehlo avuleka kuphela lapho enenyanga eyodwa, kuthi lapho eseneminyaka engaba ngu-40 aqale ukuphendula ngezwi (“inkukhu”) kusongo. Lapho nje bebona ukukhanya, amawundlu aba neselula futhi anolaka, ngesifiso esikhulu bazama ukudla inyama, baxabana isikhathi eside. Baqala ukushiya isidleke enyangeni yesibili yokuphila. Umama ekuqaleni ngazo zonke izindlela angavimbela lokhu futhi, ebamba amazinyane akhe ngo “mane”, uzama ukumdonsela emuva. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncelisa ubisi kuyamiswa. Impilo yomndeni ihlala izinyanga ezi-3-4, ukuwohloka kwemifudlana nokuqala kokuphinda kwakhiwe kwezingane zenzeka maphakathi nehlobo. Ezindaweni lapho ama-ermins azingelwa khona, yidlanzana nje kuphela elihlala iminyaka emibili, kanti izilwane zihlala iminyaka engu-5 kuya ku-60.
Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba besebancane kakhulu, ezinyangeni ezi-2 kuya ku-2, abesilisa kuphela abaneminyaka eyi-11 kuya kwezingu-14 ubudala. Izinsikazi ezisencane (ezineminyaka engama-60-70 yezinsuku) zingambozwa ngempumelelo ngabesilisa abadala - icala elihlukile phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezifaka isandla ekusindeni kwezinhlobo.
U-Ermine uyisisulu esivamile. Kodwa ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu kakhulu, inani layo lehle kakhulu. Isikhumba esimhlophe sasebusika esinomsila omnyama, ezikhathini zasendulo, sasisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amajazi oboya, izigqoko nezingubo zabantu abahloniphekayo. Lesi silwane sisiza kakhulu, sichitha izinambuzane ezincane zamagundane. Ngakho-ke, ngawo-1950s, kwenqunyelwa ngokuphelele ukuvinjwa kwe-ermine ku-Sakhalin ukubhekana nama-voes asakazwa ngokweqile.
Aluzange luphumelele ukulethwa eNew Zealand ukuze kulawulwe inani labantu onogwaja; lapha kwanda futhi kwaphenduka inkathazo ebulala izilwane ezisencane namaqanda ezinyoni zomdabu, ikakhulukazi, i-kiwi.Lalela izwi lomunye
Ukuziphatha kuka-Ermine nokudla
Izitha zika-Ermine