I-Madagascar Hilt | |||||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | I-Placental |
Iqembu elikhulu: | Euarchonta |
Ingqalasizinda: | Okwenziwe ngesandla (Ama-Chiromyiformes U-Anthony & Coupin, 1931) |
Umndeni: | Ingalo (Daubentoniidae Grey, 1863) |
Buka: | I-Madagascar Hilt |
Isandla seMadagascar , noma Ah-Ah (abanye ababhali bathola ukuthi lokhu kupela nokubiza kuphelelwe), noma aye aye , noma kakwe (lat. Daubentonia madagascariensis) - okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zesimanje (okunye okuchaziwe, Daubentonia robusta, ushonile cishe eminyakeni engu-1000 eyedlule) womndeni izingalo (Daubentoniidae), isilwane esinezinwele ezinombala onsundu omnyama, omsila omude neminwe emide kakhulu. Iphila indlela yobusuku ebusika emahlathini emvula aseMadagascar. Umeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke bezimpunga zobusuku. Inombala onsundu esicucwini esimhlophe kanye nomsila omkhulu we-fluffy. Ihlala enyakatho yeMadagascar. Izinhlobo zilotshwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Ngo-1780, lo mcwaningi uPierre Sonner wathola lolu hlobo lwentambo lwengalo, esebenza ogwini olusentshonalanga neMadagascar. Kuke kwaba nenkulumompikiswano enkulu maqondana nenqubo ehlelekile ye-ay-ai - ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele samazinyo alezi zilwane, aqale ngokuthiwa ngamagundane, kodwa-ke ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi lezi kwakuyimidumba yeqembu elikhethekile elahluka esiqwini esivamile. Igama elijwayelekile linikezwe ukuhlonipha usosayensi wemvelo waseFrance uLouis-Marie Dobanton (1716-1800).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi
I-Madagascar Hilt (ay-ay) - isilwane esidla ubhedu emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwedatha eyishumi eyedlule, ngabantu abangama-30- 40 kuphela ababaziwa ukuthi babekhona. Lokhu kungukuphela kokumelela okuqhamuka emndenini wabanqobi bezingalo zamaduna amancane. Ukuphila ehlathini. Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ezihlahleni. Uvuka ebusuku kuphela, u-80% walesi sikhathi usetshenziswa ekudleni.
Izinto zabo ezinhle yilezi:
- Izibungu
- Amantongomane
- Umbala wemibala ethile,
- Amahlumela izitshalo.
Lesi isilwane esinovalo kakhulu, esifuna izibungu emithini ebolile, kuqala isilalelwe isikhathi eside, sinquma ukudlidliza okuvela ngaphakathi. Uma kunjalo, ingalo igebha umgodi esiqwini bese inamathela kuyo umunwe omude ophakathi nendawo.
Ntambama, i-ai-ai ilala emgodini, futhi incamela ukusebenzisa indlu eyodwa isikhathi eside. Izilwane ezincelisayo ziphila isikhathi eside, nokuqukethwe okungafika eminyakeni engama-26.
Umlando wokutholwa kwe-ah-ah
Owokuqala ukuhlangana nengalo encane wayengumhloli wamazwe waseFrance uPierre Sonner. Kwenzeka ngo-1780. Izimpikiswano eziningi ziye zalwa mayelana nencazelo yesayensi ye-AI. Ngenxa yezimpawu zamazinyo angaphambili, aqale abelwa ukuhlelwa ngama-rodent. Kamuva kwanqunywa ukuba kuhlukaniswe izilwane njenge-lemurs yohlobo olukhethekile.
Izinhlobo eziningana ziyaziwa ngemvelaphi yegama:
- Ngokusho komunye wabo, lesi silwane sabizwa kanjalo ngenxa yomunwe omude asifaka kwizimbobo ezahlukahlukene,
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho bebona isilo okokuqala, abantu bendawo basaba kakhulu kangangokuba baqala ukumemeza: “Ah-ah!”,
- Kukhona uhlobo lwesithathu. Uthi umhlangano nezilwane ezincelisayo ngokwezimpawu zakudala uthembisa usizi kuMadagascans. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi siqhingi besilokhu sikholwa ngokungcwele emandleni aphakeme, emilingo nakonkulunkulu. Vele, lesi simangaliso sendalo asikwazi ngaphandle kokubangela isimo sengqondo esinjalo ngokubonakala kwaso.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uma uhlangana nesilwane eduze nedolobhana, wonke umuntu ubhekene nokufa. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukumbulala. Ukubona ingane ah-ah - ezinganeni ezifile. Befuna ukulimaza, abantu baphonsa isidumbu sezandla zabo komunye nomunye.
Izici Zokubonakala
Ngaphandle, isilwane sibukeka njengomlingiswa ongaqondakali. Ukubona isimangaliso esinjalo kanye, awukwazi ukusiphikisa nganoma yini kamuva:
- Lincane ngosayizi, linesisindo esingama-3 kg,
- Umzimba cishe ngo-40 cm,
- Inomsila o-fluffy
- Ekhanda elikhulu (uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba), amehlo asosawoti nezindlebe ezinkulu ayabonakala
- Inamazinyo ayi-18. Abaphambili bakhulu kakhulu, bakhula impilo yami yonke,
- Imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunangaphambili,
- Umunwe owodwa mude futhi mncane kunabanye. Usebenzela lesi silo kuwo wonke umuntu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngayo, ingalo encane, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo, ukuyicwilisa kuqala emanzini bese iyikhotha.
Lesi isibalo esikhulu kakhulu sasemini. Izilwane zihamba ngawo womane. Naphezu kweziqhwaga, ah, abazi ukuthi bangakhuphuka kanjani esiqwini futhi bagxume.
Indlela yokuphila nokuzalanisa i-ay-ay
Kwakuyikuthi izingalo ezincane zihlala zodwa. Kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi abanye abamele bathuthela ngababili. Imvamisa lokhu kungowesilisa nowesifazane, okwaqala ukuthandana kwabo.
Imvelo yomama ezingalweni ithuthukiswa kahle. Enganeni yakhe, umama uhlela isidleke esipholile, abeke phansi umbhede othambile wotshani, izinkawu nezimpaphe zezinyoni.
Kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-7, insikazi yondla inzalo ngobisi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iwundlu liqala ukuzondla lodwa. Kepha abashiyi abazali babo, kodwa bahlala ndawonye nomndeni wabo. Abesifazane bade, kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, kanti abesilisa ngaphansi - kuze kube unyaka. Izidalwa zihlala endaweni yemvelo iminyaka engaba ngu-30.
Ukuvikela nokusindisa izandla
Inani elincane lezingalo ezincane liya ngokuhamba kancane. Isizathu ukuthi abantu bendawo abagawula amahlathi - okuyindawo yemvelo. Indawo ephumile itshalwe ngomoba, amasundu kakhukhunathi kanye nama-clove.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi isimangaliso sezilwane sanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi batholwa yizicucu eziningana futhi bangena kwiRed Book. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa yithemba, i-ay-ai yeza kumuntu futhi yaqala ukulimaza isivuno, ngenxa yaso yaphucwa indlu yayo. Ngamazinyo abo, bagedle ukhukhunathi futhi bakujabulele okuqukethwe. Futhi izilwane ziguqula umoba ube uthuli.
Ukulahleka kwesithelo ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubalimi bendawo. Ngakho-ke, baqala ukuzingela i-ah-ah futhi bababulala. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni inyamazane inyamalale masinyane. Kwadingeka ngithathe izinyathelo ezinamandla ukusindisa izinkawu eziyizigamu. Babelwe isiqhingi futhi bonke babengavunyelwe ukusivakashela.
Kamuva, kwahlelwa abanye abasizi abangu-15 ukusindisa izilwane. Inani lezilwane laqala ukukhula. Inani labo selifinyelele kubantu abayi-1000. Namuhla zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi zoo emhlabeni.
Sikutshele konke ebesingakwenza nge-ay-ay. Lesi silwane sitholakala lapha kuphela. KuseseMadagascar, ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele, izinhlobo zezilwane ezake zanyamalala kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba: amalulwane, amabhungane, ulwelwesi kanye ne-tenrecs, ufudu lwesicabucabu kanye nemvubu emfushane.
Incazelo nezici zengalo
Isandla esincane (Latin Daubentonia madagascariensis) - ungumbala wokuqala wohlobo lwezinkawu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinombala omde omfushane wemibala emnyama namnyama-nsundu, onomsila omude ongaba amasentimitha angama-60, okhumbuza squirrel.
Ubukhulu bomzimba nekhanda buba ngamasentimitha angama-30- 40. Isisindo sesilwane lapho umuntu esekhulile singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu ama-3-4, amawundlu azalwa njengosayizi wephansi lentende yomuntu. Isici esingaqhamuki kusuka kwezinye izinto zasendulo sineminwe emide kakhulu futhi mncane nezinzwane, nesiqingatha somunwe ophakathi nobude bonke.
Ekhanda ezinhlangothini kukhona izindlebe ezinkulu ze-oval, ezimise okomhluzi, isilwane esingahamba ngaso. Iminwe nezindlebe empeleni akunazitshalo ebusweni bazo. Ubuso bukhulu, bunobuso obuyindilinga kanye nesigaxa esidala kancane esikhala.
Le monkey-half kuphela izinhlobo ezivela ku-rukonozhkovye yomndeni, amanye amagama ajwayelekile: i-Madagascar yakhiwe, i-aye-aye (noma ay-ay)-hole-arm nengalo emanzi engenacala.
Izimbambo zalesi silwane zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba, njengakuma-lemurs, ingalo yengalo futhi kubhekiselwe ekubukekeni kwazo okuhlukile. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kuneyasemuva kwemilenze, ngakho-ke, emhlabathini halle aye-aye Uhamba kancane, kepha ugibela izihlahla ngokushesha okukhulu, ngobuchule esebenzisa ukwakheka kwezandla neminwe yakhe ukubamba amagatsha neziqu. Ukuqonda ukuthi lesi silwane sibukeka kanjani ngempela, ungabona sethulwa kuyo yonke inkazimulo yaso isithombe sengalo yaseMadagascar.
Ngabe ah-ah ubukeka kanjani? Isithombe se-hilt
Ukubonakala kwezingalo kuhlukile. Isidumbu simbozwe ngoboya be-shaggy obunombala onsundu omnyama noma omnyama, izinwele zangaphandle ezinde zinezeluleko ezimhlophe. Isizalo kanye nomzimba ophansi kukhanya - ukhilimu noma mpunga. Umsila mude kunomzimba, u-fluffy kakhulu. Ikhanda likhulu badala, liyindilinga, linezindlebe ezinkulu zesikhumba zefomu elimise okwamahlamvu. Amehlo amakhulu wombala o-orenji okhanyayo noma ophuzi okuluhlaza azungezwe yimibuthano emnyama eqondile. Izihlisi zinesakhiwo esifana namagundane: sibukhali kakhulu, sikhula njalo. Isithombe sengalo encane sibonisa ukubukeka kwayo okungaxakile.
Ingalo ingummeleli omkhulu wama-primates wasebusuku. Umzimba ungama-36-44 cm ubude, umsila ungama-45-55 cm, kanti nesisindo sesilwane kuyaqabukela seqi ku-2,5 kg.
Izandla zigijima futhi zigxuma emilenzeni emine. Iminwe nezinzwani ifakwe imichilo emide egobile, ngaphandle komunwe wokuqala wamanqina asemuva, onomusho wangempela.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu sengalo umunwe ophakathi esandleni. Mude kakhulu futhi mncane futhi cishe awunazo izicubu ezithambile. Ithuluzi elinjalo, lihlanganiswe ne-incisors ekhula njalo, isilwane sisetshenziselwa ukudla: sibhoboza izimbobo ngokhuni olomile futhi sikhipha izibungu zesinambuzane (isithombe ngezansi). Lomunwe usetshenziswa futhi njengesigubhu sokuthepha izinkuni ukuthola izibungu. Isayensi iyazi okumbumbulu okukodwa okusebenzisa indlela engajwayelekile yokuthola ukudla - lo ngumzala omncane waseGuinea, ongowabadlali abahamba ngezindiza ezindizayo.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Isilwane asikuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga kakhulu ngakho-ke empeleni asihambi phakathi nosuku. Kukhanya ilanga akaboni lutho. Kepha sekuhlwile, amehlo ayo abuyela kuye, futhi uyakwazi ukubona izibungu ekhonkolweni zezihlahla kude ngamamitha ayishumi.
Ntambama, lesi silwanyana sisephepheni, sikhuphuka emgodini noma sihlala egatsheni eliqinile lamagatsha. Usuku lonke alunakunyakaza. Ingalo imbozwe umsila wayo omkhulu omuhle futhi ilale. Kulesi simo, kunzima kakhulu ukubona. Ngokufika kobusuku, lesi silwane siyaphila futhi siqala ukuzingela izibungu, izibungu nezinambuzane ezincane, okubuye kube nokuphila ebusuku okusebenzayo.
Ingubo ihlala kuphela emahlathini aseMadagascar. Yonke imizamo yokuthola inani labantu ngaphandle kwesiqhingi ayiphumelelanga. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi lesi silwane sihlala kuphela enyakatho yesiqhingi saseMadagascar.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-specimens angavamile ayatholakala nasentshonalanga yesiqhingi. Bathanda kakhulu ukushisa futhi, uma lina, bangahlangana ngamaqembu amancane futhi balale, banamathele eduze.
Lesi silwane sithanda ukuhlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezimweni zemango, endaweni encane. Ukususa izihlahla kuyivelakancane. Isakhamuzi siguquka ngokunqikanqika. Lokhu kungenzeka uma inzalo isengozini noma ukudla kuphela kulezi zindawo.
Izingalo zaseMadagascar zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Abazesabi izinyoka nezinyoni ezidla inyama; izinyamazane ezinkulu azibazondi. Ingozi enkulu kulezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile ngumuntu. Ngaphezu kwenzondo engaphezulu kokukhula, kukhona ukugawulwa kancane kancane, okuyindawo yemvelo yezingalo.
Umsoco
Ingalo akuyona eyomhlaseli. Idla kuphela izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ihlala izihlahla, lesi silwane silalela kakhulu izinambuzane ezihlasimulisayo zindiza, amakhethini ashibilika ekhonkolweni owomile, amacimbi noma izibungu. Kwesinye isikhathi angabamba izimvemvane noma ama-dragonflies. Izilwane ezinkulu azihlaselwa futhi zithanda ukuhlala kude.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sangaphambili, ingalo ishaya ngokucophelela amagxolo esihlahla ukuze ibekhona izibungu, ihlolisisa amagatsha ezihlahla ezihlala kuwo. Umunwe ophakathi nendawo othambile usetshenziswa yileso silwane njengokudla, okukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukudla.
Lapho-ke umzingeli uhlafuna amagxolo ngamazinyo abukhali, akhiphe izibungu futhi ngosizo lomunwe omncane omncane afaka ukudla emphinjeni. Kusungulwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi lesi silwane siyakwazi ukubamba ukuhamba kwezinambuzane ngokujula okufika kumamitha amane.
Uthanda ingalo encane nezithelo. Uthola isithelo, aququde inyama. Uthanda ukhukhunathi. Baphinde bazithinte, njengegxolo, ukuthola inani lobisi lukakhukhunathi ngaphakathi, bese zimane ziquqane kwi-nati ezithandayo. Ukudla kufaka i-bamboo nomhlanga. Njengezithelo ezilukhuni, isilwane sigaya izingcezu engxenyeni enzima futhi sikhethe uginindela ngomunwe.
Izandla ze-Ay-ai zinezimpawu eziningi zemisindo. Kusihlwa, izilwane zikhuthele ziqala ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla zifuna ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, enza umsindo omkhulu, ofana nokukhala kwengulube yasendle.
Ukuxosha abanye abantu ezindaweni zabo, ingalo ingakhala kakhulu. Ukhuluma ngesimo esinolaka, kungcono ukungasondeli isilo esinje. Kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukuzwa. Isilo senza yonke le misindo emzabalazweni wezindawo ezinothile ngokudla.
Isilwane asidlali indima ekhethekile emgqeni wokudla waseMadagascar. Abazingeli. Kodwa-ke, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesimangaliso sendalo yesiqhingi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kulesi siqhingi azikho izingodo nezinyoni ezifana nazo. Ngenxa yohlelo lokudla, i-hand-crank yenza "umsebenzi" we-woodpeckers - ihlanza izihlahla zezinambuzane, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni enkulu ngokulingana. Isilwane ngasinye siphawula indawo yaso futhi ngalokho siyivikela ekuhlaselweni yizihlobo zayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingalo igcinwa ihlukile, konke kuyashintsha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Ukuheha umlingani, insikazi iqala ukwenza imisindo ebabazekayo, ibize abesilisa. Mates nawo wonke umuntu oza kuye. Owesifazane ngamunye uthwala iwundlu elilodwa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Umama ulungiselela isidleke esihlelekile sabancane.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ikuyo cishe izinyanga ezimbili futhi idla ubisi lukamama. Wenza lokhu isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Izingane zihambisana kakhulu nonina, futhi zingaba naye kuze kube unyaka. Isilwane esidala siyakhiwa ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amawundlu avela kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa izingane izingalo ezincane inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100, amakhulu angaba nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150. Isikhathi sokukhula asisebenzi kakhulu, izingane zikhula kancane, kepha ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye zifinyelela isisindo esithandekayo - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-2,5.
Lesi sibalo siyashintshashintsha, njengoba izinsikazi zinesisindo esincanyana kanye nabesilisa abengeziwe. Amancanyana azalwa embozwe ungqimba obukhulu boboya. Umbala wejazi ufana kakhulu nombala wabantu abadala. Ebumnyameni bangadideka kalula, kepha amawundlu ayahluka kubazali bawo ngombala wamehlo. Amehlo abo ane-tint ekhanyayo eluhlaza. Ungahlukanisa ngezindlebe. Zincane kakhulu kunekhanda.
Izingalo zezinsana zizalwa ngamazinyo. Amazinyo abukhali kakhulu, anamaqabunga. Guqula ukuze ube ngumdabu ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okuqinile kwabantu abadala kusadluliselwa emazinyweni obisi.
Ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwezilwane kukhombisile ukuthi amawundlu aqala ukwenza isisu sawo sokuqala esidlekeni ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Baphuma isikhashana futhi hhayi kude. Qiniseka ukuthi uphelezelwa ngumama obhekisisa ngokuqinile konke ukunyakaza kwamawundlu futhi uwaqondisa ngezimpawu ezikhethekile zomsindo.
Isikhathi sokuphila sesidalwa esisekudingisweni asaziwa nakanjani. Kuyaziwa ukuthi e-zoo lesi silwane saphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. Kepha lokhu kuyinto eyodwa. Abukho obunye ubufakazi bokuthi isikhathi eside izingalo zisekudingisweni. Esimweni semvelo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, phila iminyaka engama-30.
Incazelo yeMadagascar Hand Crane
IRukonozhkovy ibizwa nangokuthi yi-aye-aye. Ngo-1780, lezi zilwane zatholwa umhambi uPierre Sonner ogwini olusentshonalanga yesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Ngesikhathi kutholwa isilwane esingajwayelekile, wehlelwa yinto ebuhlungu.Aborigine abambona ehlathini basheshe bathatha isidalwa esimnandi se-fiend yesihogo, imbangela yazo zonke izinto ezimbi, udeveli osenyameni, bamakhela ukumzingela.
Kubalulekile! Ngeshwa, i-armhole yaseMadagascar isesengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMadagascar nokushushiswa okwandile endaweni yayo yokuphindisela yaseMalagasy njengendawo ebhekene nobubi.
Le lemur yasebusuku yaqala ukubonwa njenge-rodent. Isandla esincane sisebenzisa umunwe waso omaphakathi ophakathi njengethuluzi lokuthola izinambuzane. Ngemuva kokuchofoza kuxolo lwesihlahla, ulalela ngokucophelela ukubona ukuhamba kwezibungu zesinambuzane. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-AI (lokhu kungenye yamagama ayo) iyakwazi ukubona ngokunembile ukuhamba kwezinambuzane kumamitha ayi-3,5.
Ukubukeka
Ukubonakala okuyingqayizivele kwezingalo zaseMadagascar kunzima ukudida ukubukeka kwanoma isiphi esinye isilo. Umzimba wakhe umbozwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwensimbi engaphansi komnyama, kanti ijazi elisele lide linemiphetho emhlophe. Isisu nesihlakala kulula, izinwele kulezi zingxenye zomzimba zine-beige hue. Ikhanda lengalo likhulu. Phezulu kunezindlebe ezinkulu ezinamaqabunga, ezingenaboya. Amehlo anophawu olubi lwesikhumba, umbala we-iris uluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi-luhlaza, ayindilinga futhi akhanyayo.
Amazinyo afana ngesakhiwo namazinyo wamagundane. Babukhali kakhulu futhi bakhula ngokuqhubekayo. Ngobukhulu, lesi silwane sikhulu kakhulu kunamanye ama-primates wasebusuku. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-36-44 cm, umsila ungama-45-55 cm, futhi isisindo sakhe kuyaqabukela seqa ama-4 kg. Isisindo sesilwane lapho umuntu esekhulile singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu ama-3-4, amawundlu azalwa njengosayizi wephansi lentende yomuntu.
Izingalo ziyahamba, ziphumula ngokushesha emilenzeni eyi-4, etholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba, njengamalamusi. Kusezandleni zakho kukhona izilenge ezinde ezilugobile. Iminwe yokuqala yemilenze yezinduna ifakwe isikhonkwane. Iminwe ephakathi nengaphambili - cishe azikho izicubu ezithambile kanye nezikhathi eziphindwe kabili nohhafu kunezinye. Isakhiwo esinjalo, esihlanganiswa namazinyo abukhali akhula ngokuqhubekayo, sivumela isilwane ukuba senze izimbobo emagxolweni ezihlahla futhi sikhiphe ukudla lapho. Imilenze yangaphambili imfishane kancanyana kunemilenze yangemuva, ekwenza kube nzima ukuhamba kwesilwane emhlabathini. Kepha ukwakheka okunjalo kumenza abe yi-dart frog enhle. Ubamba iminwe yakhe ngobuchule emagatsheni nasezigatsheni zezihlahla.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Izindatshana zaseMadagascar ziphila impilo yobusuku obumnyama. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona, noma unesifiso esikhulu. Okokuqala, ngoba zivame ukuqothulwa ngumuntu, futhi okwesibili, izingalo azingeni. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthwebula izithombe. Izilwane zaseMadagascar ekugcineni zigibela izihlahla ziphakeme, zizama ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni yizilwane zasendle ezifuna ukuzidlela.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Aye-aye ahlala emahlathini we-bamboo, emagatsheni amakhulu nakwiziqu zemithi phakathi kwamahlathi emvula aseMadagascar. Hlangana nezingoma, kaningi ngababili.
Ngokushona kwelanga, i-aye-aye iyavuka futhi iqale impilo esebenzayo, igibela futhi igxume izihlahla, ihlole ngokucophelela zonke izimbobo nemifantu ifuna ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye bakhipha ukumamatheka okukhulu. Baxhumana besebenzisa uchungechunge lwamagama okwazisa. Ukumemeza okuhlukile kukhombisa ulaka, futhi ukumemeza ngomlomo ovalekile kungasho umbhikisho. Ukuzwakala okufishane, okunciphisa ukuncipha mayelana nomncintiswano wezinsiza kusebenza zokudla.
Umsindo "wew" usebenza njengempendulo ekuveleni komuntu noma lemurs, "hi-hai" ungazwakala ngenkathi kuzanywa ukubaleka ezitheni. Lezi zilwane kunzima ukuzigcina ekudingisweni. Futhi kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Kunzima kakhulu ukukubamba ukuthola “ukudla okungajwayelekile”, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukudla okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nomuntu othanda izinto ezingandile uzothanda iqiniso lokuthi isilwane sakhe cishe asibonakali.
Indawo yezikhali
Ukuxinana kwenani labantu kwenza kube nzima ukugcina lezi zilwane zasebusuku. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube muva nje, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi indawo yokuhlala izingalo ibekelwe indawo encane yehlathi lemvula ogwini olusempumalanga yeMadagascar. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, ama-AI atholakele kwezinye izindawo ezingamahlathi agudle ugu lonke lwasempumalanga, kanye nasehlathini elinomswakama enyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi nakumahlathi acashile asogwini olusentshonalanga. Ingalo ayihlanganisiwe kuphela emahlathini ayisisekelo. Iyatholakala nasezindongeni zemangabe nasezitshalweni zikakhukhunathi.
Ukuziphatha Kanye Nokuzala
Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi i-a phela ihlala yodwa futhi ifune ukudla ngakunye. Kepha umcwaningi u-Elinor Sterling, ofunda impilo yalezi lemurs ngemvelo, uthole ukuthi ezinye izilwane ziyahamba ziyofuna ukudla ngababili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma omunye wabo efuna ukuthuthela esihlahleni esilandelayo, nakanjani uzokwenza imisindo ethile, enxusa umngane wakhe ukuba amlandele. Umbhangqwana onjalo ubanjwa ngowesifazane nowesilisa ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalelisa (izintokazi zisesikhundleni esiphambili), kanye nangomama newundlu.
Izingalo zikhula kancane. Owesifazane uletha iwundlu elilodwa njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 ekhulelwe. Enganeni, ihlela isidleke esikhulu esikhethekile, esifakwe ngombhede othambile. Ubisi lukamama londliwa cishe izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Kepha noma ngemuva koshintsho lokuzondla, ingane ihlala nonina isikhashana: abesilisa - kuze kube cishe koyedwa, nabesifazane - kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezingalo ezincane endle asaziwa ngokuqondile, kodwa bahlala ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane isikhathi esithile, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-26.
Indlela yokuphila ay-ay
Ingalo ihlala ebusuku kuphela. Uchitha usuku esidlekeni, azakhela kulo amagatsha futhi ashiye endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-15 ngaphezu komhlaba. Kuthatha cishe usuku ukwakha isidleke. Isilwane ngasinye sisebenzisa izidleke eziningana ngokulandelana, futhi abantu abahlukahlukene baphumula esidlekeni esisodwa nsuku zonke. I-Ai-ai ithanda ukuhamba eceleni kwamagatsha ezihlahla, kepha ingangena phansi ukuze inqamule ehlathini.
Izingalo zihlala zodwa. Ezindaweni lapho ukudla kukhulu khona, abantu abaningana bangahlangana ngasikhathi sinye, kepha abesifazane bavame ukubekezelela ubukhona babo.
Umuntu munye ngamunye unesakhiwo sakhe esisodwa, indawo okuvame ukuba ngaphezu kwayo ngamahektha angama-30. Ngosizo lwephunga lamamaki, umchamo kanye nokukhala, izingalo zikhomba endaweni yazo. Izindawo ezakhiwe zabesilisa zigqagqana nezindawo zezinsikazi.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezingalo izibungu zezinambuzane nokuqukethwe okuthambile kwesithelo. I-Ai-ai isivakashi esivamile emasimini kakhukhunathi. Ngaphambi kokunquma igobolondo lukakhukhunathi, lesi silwane sithepha isithelo ukubona ukuthi kukhona ubisi oluningi kuso.
Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi zingaki izingalo ezincane ezihlala emvelweni; kuma-zoo, izinkophe zazo zinde - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-26.
I-Sancwele Zoo Cub
Ukuvikelwa Kokuqothula
I-International Union for Conservation of Natural ivumile izilwane. Ubuye wasekela isinyathelo sikaDkt. Jean-Jacques Petter wokuguqula isiqhingi saseNosy-Mangabe [en] esiqiwini se-ay-ay futhi umise izakhamizi zakuleli ukuthi zingasitholi. Abantu bendawo babheka lesi siqhingi njengengcwele, ngakho-ke izimila zemvelo ezikuyo zahlala zingakashadi. Ngo-1967, abesilisa abane nezinsikazi ezinhlanu zama-annei bakhululwa esiqhingini, esiqala kahle izimpande futhi saqala ukuzala. Sekukonke, kwadalwa izindawo zokugcina ezingama-16 eMadagascar ukusindisa izingalo. Futhi yize bezosindiswa ngokuphelele badinga ukuvikelwa ngokucophelela okukhulu, inani lezilwane laqala ukukhula kancane kancane. Ngo-1994, sase sivele saba yi-1000. Manje ah, kunenqwaba yezindawo ezigciniwe. Okwamanje (ukuqala kweminyaka yama-2000s), kuma-zoo kuphela kunabantu abacishe babe ngama-50.
Isandla esikweni laseMadagascar
Isandla esincanyana sibangela ukwesaba okunamandla okukhohlisayo kuMalgash. Bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu obulale unogada ngeke aphele unyaka. Igama langempela laso ngolimi lwaseMalgash namanje alaziwa isayensi, ngoba besaba ukulibiza ngokuzwakalayo. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, lesi silwane asikhulunywa nhlobo ezingxenyeni zeMalgash.
Ukushicilelwa kwezingalo zaseMadagascar
Izinsikazi ziba namandla okuzalela kanye kuphela njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, futhi kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, okuyinto engavinjelwanga ama-lemurs. Le ntokazi imemezela ukulungela kwayo ukuphenduka ngezikhalo ezinamandla nezithandani nabo bonke abesilisa abeza kukholi yakhe.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-170 kuya ku-122, emva kwalokho kuzelwe umntwana oyedwa. Owesifazane uhlela isidleke esithandekayo kosana olusanda kuzalwa, esingalishiyi cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ukuphakelwa okuncane kwengalo kuphakanyiswa ubisi lukamama okungenani izinyanga eziyi-7, kepha noma ngabe sekushintshele “kwesinkwa samahhala”, kuhlala kusondele kunina unyaka owodwa nohhafu. Izilwane zifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni engu-2-3.
Ukulondolozwa kwengalo yaseMadagascar emvelweni
Ingalo isengozini futhi ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ukusinda kwalezi lemurs ngokwemvelo kusongelwa, okokuqala, ngokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Abantu abanezinkolelo-ze ababheka izidakamizwa ze-ah-ah zokufa futhi bazame ukubulala emhlanganweni nazo zilimaza kakhulu ingqondo. Bahlupheka nabalimi, emasimini lapho lezi zilwane ziyohlasela khona.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ingalo encane ibibhekwa njengenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngenhlanhla, ucwaningo eminyakeni yamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingalo ibanzi kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili, futhi isibalo se-ay-ai sikhulu ukwedlula isibalo sezinhlobo ezithile ze-lemurs. Imizamo ebalulekile yokulondoloza izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo isinika ithemba lokuthi isilwane esingajwayelekile kangako sizoqhubeka sikhona emhlabeni uMhlaba.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izingalo zaseMadagascar zeZoogeographical zitholakala, kuwo wonke umhlaba wase-Afrika. Kodwa bahlala kuphela enyakatho yeMadagascar endaweni yamahlathi ashisayo. Kuholela yokuphila kwezilwane ebusuku. Alikuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sasemini ingalo encane icashe emiqhele yemithi. Iningi losuku balala ngokuthula ezidlekeni noma emigodini engenamikhawulo, bacashe ngomsila wabo siqu.
Imizana enezingalo inezindawo ezincane. Akubona abathandi bokuhamba, futhi bashiye izindawo zabo "ezinzile", kuphela uma kunesidingo ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, uma kunokusongela empilweni noma ukuphelelwa ukudla.
I-Madagascar Rice
Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokukhula nokulondolozwa kwezempilo, ingalo yaseMadagascar idinga ukudla okugcwele ngamafutha namaprotheni. Endle, cishe ama-240-342 kilocalories adliwayo nsuku zonke angukudla okuzinzile unyaka wonke. Imenyu iqukethe izithelo, amantongomane kanye nesitshalo exudates. I-Breadfruit, ubhanana, ukhukhunathi, namantongomane ama-ramie nawo aya ebhizinisini.
Basebenzisa iminwe yabo yesithathu ekhethekile ngesikhathi sokudla ukubhoboza igobolondo elingaphandle lesithelo futhi bathinte okuqukethwe kwabo. Izingalo zidla izithelo, kufaka phakathi izithelo zemithi yomango nezandla zikakhukhunathi, umnyombo woqalo nomoba, futhi zithanda amabhungane esihlahla nezibungu. Ngamazinyo abo amakhulu angaphambili, bagebha umgodi enkulwini noma esihlahleni sesitshalo bese bekhipha inyama noma izinambuzane kuyo ngomunwe omude wesithathu webhulashi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngokuzalwa kwezingalo. Ezindaweni zasekhaya, zivamile kakhulu. Lapha bancelisa ubisi, uju, izithelo ezahlukahlukene namaqanda ezinyoni. Izandla azibonakali ngokuxhumeka. Esikhathini ngasinye sokujikeleza kokuzala, izinsikazi zivame ukushada nabesilisa abangaphezu koyedwa, ngaleyo ndlela zimelela ukukwazisana okuningi. Banesikhathi eside sokuphisana. Ukuqaphelisisa endle kukhombisa ukuthi izinyanga ezinhlanu, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguFebhuwari, babeganana, noma kubonakale izimpawu zestrus kubantu besifazane. Umjikelezo wezinsikazi sowesifazane ubhekwa ebangeni kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-21 kuye kwezingu-65 futhi ubonakala ngoshintsho ku-genitalia yangaphandle. Okungukuthi, njengomthetho, imvamisa kuncane futhi kungwevu ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, kodwa kube kukhulu futhi kube bomvu ngale mizondo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezi-152 kuya kweziyi-172, kanti izingane zivame ukuzalwa phakathi kukaFebhuwari noSeptemba. Phakathi kokuzalwa kukhona isikhawu seminyaka emi-2 kuye kwemi-3. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwezilwane ezincane kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokutshala kwabazali.
Isisindo esijwayelekile sezingalo ezisanda kuzalwa sisuka ku-90 saya ku-140 g. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, senyuka saya ku-2615 g kwabesilisa no-2570 g kwabesifazane. Izinsana zivele zimbozwe ngoboya, okufana ngombala kuya kombala wabantu abadala, kepha ziyehluka ngokubukeka nangamehlo nezindlebe eziluhlaza. Izinsana zinamazinyo anamaqabunga, aguquka eminyakeni yobudala engama-20.
Izingalo zinejubane lentuthuko elihamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu ekilasi. Ukuqashelwa kwale nhlobo ngonyaka wokuqala wentuthuko kukhombisa ukuthi abantu abasha baqala ukushiya isidleke beneminyaka engama-8 ubudala. Baphendukela ekudleni okuqinile kancane kancane emavikini angama-20, isikhathi lapho amazinyo obisi engakaqedi, futhi bacela ukudla okuvela kubazali babo.
Lokhu kumlutha okuqhubekayo kungenzeka kungenxa yokuziphatha kwabo okukhethekile. Ah omncane, njengomthetho, finyelela ikhono labantu abadala emsebenzini wezimoto ezinyangeni eziyi-9 zokuphila. Futhi lapho sebefikisa baba iminyaka emi-2,5.
Izitha zemvelo
Indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo ehlathini lengalo yaseMadagascar, kusho ukuthi, eqinisweni, inezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu zemvelo ezihlala kuyo ngendalo yayo. Kubandakanya izinyoka, izinyoni ezidla abanye nabanye "abazingeli", okuyizilwane zabo ezincanyana nezitholakala kalula eziba yisisulu, abayesabi. Eqinisweni, abantu bayingozi enkulu kulesi silwane.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Lobo bufakazi futhi ngukuqothulwa kwezingalo eziningi ngenxa yobandlululo olungenangqondo lwabahlali bendawo abakholwa ukuthi ukubona lesi silwane kungumbala omubi, maduze okuhlanganisa ububi.
Kwezinye izindawo ababengesabi kuzo, lezi zilwane zabanjwa njengomthombo wokudla. Usongo olukhulu lokuqothuka njengamanje ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulimala kwendawo yokuhlala imilenze, ukudala izindawo zokuhlala kulezi zindawo, izakhamuzi zayo ezizizingela ubumnandi noma ukomela inzuzo. Endle, i-armchair yaseMadagascar ingaba inyamazane yemigodi, kanye nesinye sezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zaseMadagascar.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Izilwane ezimangazayo ze-Ay-ah ezingamalungu abalulekile ohlelweni lwendabuko lwesiMalagasy. Ingalo ibibhalwe njengohlobo olusengozini yokuqothula kusukela ngonyaka we-1970s. Ngo-1992, i-IUCN ilinganisela ukuthi inani labantu bonke lizoba phakathi kwenkulungwane nezingu-10 000 zabantu. Ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwendawo yabo yokuhlala yemvelo ngenxa yokuhlasela kwabantu kungukusongela okukhulu kwalesi zinhlobo.
Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zizingelwa izakhamizi zendawo ezihlala eduzane, sezibonile izinambuzane noma izithunywa zezinto ezimbi kuzo. Njengamanje, lezi zilwane zitholakala okungenani ezindaweni ezi-16 ezivikelwe ngaphandle kwaseMadagascar. Okwamanje, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ikoloni yezizwe.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Habitat
Zoogeographic ndawo engalweni - Umhlaba wase-Afrika. Lesi silwane sihlala emahlathini ashisayo kuphela enyakatho yesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Ungumhlali wasebusuku futhi akathandi ukukhanya kwelanga kakhulu, ngakho-ke ucasha emiqhele yemithi phakathi nosuku.
Kungenxa yendlela yokuphila yasebusuku ukuthi ingalo inamehlo amakhulu kakhulu anemibala ephuzi noma eluhlaza okotshani, ofana namakati. Alala emini emigodini yezihlahla noma ezidlekeni ezakhiwe ngokuzimela, agxotshwe phezulu futhi acashe ngomsila wawo omude futhi oqinile.
Behla kakhulu kuyaqabukela, bachitha sonke isikhathi esikhulu emagatsheni. Ingubo ihlala endaweni encane kakhulu, ukuyishiya kuphela uma ukudla kuphelelwa noma, uma kulezi zindawo, kunengozi empilweni yenzalo yakhe.
Izakhamizi zasendaweni yesiqhingi saseMadagascar, amaMalagasy aqaphela kakhulu ingalo emile. Ezinkolelweni zabo, lesi silwane sihambisana nemimoya emibi namademoni. Ngaphandle, okuthile futhi empeleni lolu hlobo lwe-lemur luyafana namademoni adonswe kumakhathuni. Kulezo zindawo, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bekukholelwa ukuthi uma iMalagasy ihlangana nengalo encane ehlathini, khona-ke kungakapheli nonyaka izofa ngezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ngesinye isikhathi lokhu kwaholela ekuqothulweni okukhulu ngumuntu walesi silwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane ezidla isigamu nezilwane ezidla inyama, ezazimane zizibheke njengokudla ukudla, zaba nomthelela ekubhujisweni. Ngakho-ke, izingalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, phezulu nangaphezulu zaphakama izihlahla, kude nomhlaba.
Kungenxa yokwesaba ukukhanya izithombe zezingalo hhayi kangako, ngoba ebusuku, lapho zisebenza, udinga ukuthatha izithombe ngombala, omane wesabise izilwane futhi abalekele ngokushesha ezindaweni zawo eziyimfihlo.
Ngenxa yokutholwa kabusha kwale nhlobo, akuzona zonke izilwane ezososilwane ezinesilwane esinjengalo encane. Yebo, futhi izimo zabo zokuphila zinzima kakhulu ukudala e-zoo, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona ngokujwayelekile, ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, bacasha ekukhanyeni phakathi nosuku, futhi ama-zoo amaningi awasebenzi ebusuku.
Ekhaya, ukugcina le lemur cishe akunakwenzeka. Noma kungenzeka ukuqeqesha isilwane ukuba sidle izithelo ezingatheni futhi sikushintshe ekudleni okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kithi, khona-ke indlela yokuphila yaso yobusuku ayinakwenzeka ukukhanga ngisho nomuntu othanda kakhulu isilwane.