Iphini likaHummingbird eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Isihloko sinikezwa inkosi. Le nyoni ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-7, futhi kuyaqabukela idlula amasentimitha ayi-9 ubude. Imvamisa, lokhu ngamasentimitha ayi-7. E-hemisphere esenyakatho, izinyoni zincanyana futhi zilula.

Kodwa-ke, ngokwenganekwane, amakhosi mancane futhi akude. Basho ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani lapho izinyoni ziphikisana ngokuthi ngubani ongandiza asondele elangeni eduze kunabanye. Kwabonakala sengathi ukhozi luphumele ngaphandle kwabaholi. Kodwa-ke, ngomzuzu wokugcina, inkosi yaphuma ngaphansi kwephiko layo, inyukela ngaphezu komphangi.

Ukuchazwa nezici zenkosi ekhanda ophuzi

Ngaphezu kwezinganekwane, igama eliqhenyayo lale nyoni livumelekile ngombala walo. Ekhanda lenkosi kugqama umucu ophuzi ophuzi ufana nesihloko sobukhosi. Egqamile futhi "ingubo" yezinyoni. I-plumage ekhanda empunga iyaphenduka umnqumo.

Esiswini kukhona izithunzi ezimpunga. Izimpiko zinemibala, zinamabala amhlophe namnyama. Ngaphansi "komqhele" wezinyoni, ngasendleleni, kukhona nebala elimnyama.

I-headlet enekhanda eliphuzi incane njenge-hummingbird

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi icwecwe, kukhumbuza ibhola. Impaphe yenyoni ithambile. Lokhu nosayizi wenkosi kuyenza ibukeke njengethoyi. Unamehlo amadevu amnyama ayindilinga, ekhaleni elimhlophe elihlanzekile.

Izinhlobo zenkosi ekhanda ophuzi

Korolkovye - umndeni wonke. Zonke izinyoni ezikulo zingezohlobo lwama-passerines. I-Korolkovsky kuyo 7 izinhlobo. Okuphathwa ngamakhanda aphuzi kungenye yazo. E-Russia, kunenye - ebomvu-inhloko. Kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Amanye amakhosi asele eYurophu, e-Asia, eMelika Ephakathi.

Isisindo se-Yellow Head King - hhayi okuhlukile emndenini. I-Miniature zonke izinyoni ezifakiwe kuyo. Kukhona abantu abanesisindo esingu-5 amagremu kuphela.

Ukudla kwezinyoni

Idlani inkosi yamakhanda ophuzi okulula ukuyiqonda, ukukhumbula ubuhlobo bakhe nondlunkulu. Njengaye, iqhawe le-athikili liyamangalisa. U-Ptah angadla ama-midges amancane, imbewu encane nezinhlamvu, uthanda amakhambi adliwayo, amajikijolo.

Iqhawe lesihloko liphendukela ekudleni okubandayo kokudla kwezitshalo, lapho kuba nzima ukubamba izinambuzane. Ehlobo, izinyoni ezinemibala zinqaba izithelo, imbewu namakhambi.

Amakhosi awazi ukugaya ukudla, ukugwinya kuphelele. Ngosuku, inyoni eyodwa kufanele idle izikhathi ezimbili isisindo sayo. Le yimali yosayizi omncane. Emzimbeni omncane, i-metabolism iyasheshiswa, futhi isisu sincane kangangokuba ukudla okufakwe kukho ngesikhathi esisodwa akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zenkosi esebenzayo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Izinyoni ezinamakhanda aphuzi zizalela entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqinisa “umqhele wegolide” wabo, beheha izintokazi futhi bakhombise ukuphakama ngaphezu kwabanye abantu bobulili obuqinile. Ama-ptahs aba nolaka, angalwa.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zilala amaqanda angaba yi-10. Banikezwe usayizi wamakhosi, lo yi-soad soot. Izinsikazi zizenzela isidleke ngokwazo, ziqoqa amahlumela, amakhambi, izingcezu zamagxolo, izigaxa ehlathini. Phakathi kwabo, amaqanda alala amasonto ama-2. Ngemuva kwalokho amachaphaza aqhamukayo bese ethatha amanye amasonto amathathu ukuya kwephiko. Ngemuva kokuthi amakhosi engena ebudaleni, nabazali balungiselele i-clutch yesibili.

Impilo, abameleli balezi zinhlobo banikeza izingane izikhathi ezingama-3-5, zifinyelela ekufikeni kokukhulelwa ngisho nangaphambi konyaka. Iminyaka yenkosi ihlala iminyaka emi-3. Ezinye izinyoni ziphila iminyaka engu-2 kuphela. Ezitokisini zezindlu ezizimele nama-zoo, amakhosi aphila iminyaka emi-4-5. Labo bantu abanothando lwezilwane ezifuywayo bathanda ukuba nezinyoni ezineminyaka yobudala bazo obude.

18.07.2018

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi (lat. Regulus regus) ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaKorolsov (uRegulidae). Lesi ngesinye sabameli abancane kakhulu bama-Passeriformes e-oda ezwenikazi laseYurophu.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XIX, maqondana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ama-coniferous, inani labantu lehlile kakhulu, kepha namanje lisephezulu kakhulu. Ngokwezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuzizigidi ezingama-19-30 ezizaliswayo. Indawo ephelele ehlala abantu ibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-10.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Amakhosi anamakhanda aphuzi ahlala kulo lonke i-Eurasia, ngaphandle kweScandinavia kuze kufike e-Urals nase-Asia Minor. Izindawo eziqhelile zitholakala e-Altai, Sayan Mountain, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHimalayas, iziqhingi zaseMedithera, iMpumalanga Ekude naseJapan. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, abantu abathile bandizela eGibhithe, China naseTaiwan.

Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni zihlala emahlathini acekethekileyo futhi axutshwe, futhi ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekayo zithanda imifino nezihlahlana ezinempilo. Izindlovu zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseYurophu nase-Asia.

Ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga, izinyoni zihlala zizinze, futhi abahlali basenyakatho bachitha ubusika eningizimu.

Ezintabeni zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle, kanye naseHimalaya nangaphezulu kwama-3,000 m.

Kuze kube manje, izingcingo ezingama-15 ziyaziwa. Ukuxhaswa okuqokiwe kuvamile eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu. I-kinglet ekhanda yegolide (iRegulus satrapa) ehlala eNyakatho Melika phambilini ibithathwa njengendawo engaphansi, manje isiyaziwa njengohlobo oluhlukile.

Ukuziphatha

Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zesidleke lapho kukhula khona isiphala esivamile (i-Picea abies) ne-fir (Abies). Kakhulu kakhulu lapho zibonwa emahlathini zikaphayini, emapaki nasezingadini.

Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziyakwazi ukundiza ngamakhilomitha angama-250-800 ngosuku nomoya omuhle.

Imvamisa bayama ngesikhathi sendiza ezindlini zabantu eziseduzane beyofuna ukudla. Baphatha umuntu ngesineke futhi abesabi kakhulu ukuba khona kwakhe okusondele.

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinyoni zidla izilwane ezincane ezingenamsoco, kubandakanya izimpukane, omiyane nezicabucabu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imbewu yesihlahla ye-coniferous ifakiwe ekudleni. Zondla amantshontsho azo ngezinambuzane eziphakeme kakhulu zekhalori nama-arachnids amancane (i-Arachnida).

Ebusika, amakhosi ajwayele ukubheka ukudla enhlabathini, ngokungakhathali abheke emakhoneni aseceleni kakhulu afune ukudla futhi aze azingcwabele lapho kugcwala iqhwa. Ukudoba emagatsheni akhula ngesihlahla sonwele, alengiswa phezulu kufana ne-tits. Ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu kubo ukuthola izisulu ezingaba khona.

Ubukhulu obuncane abuvumeli inyoni ukuthi ibambe isisulu esibanjiwe ngezidladla noma ukusikhulula ngoqhwaku lwayo, ngakho-ke siyaphoqelelwa ukuba sigxile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezincane. Ukuzingela kufanele kunikele kuze kufike ku-90% wesikhathi. Ukoma kwezinyoni kususwa ngamazolo nezimvula.

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi idume ngothando lwayo lokumsulwa. Uvame ukuhlanza izimpaphe zakhe, bese kuthi lapho esebenzisa i-molt anikeze le nqubo imizuzu engama-20, noma imvamisa ihlala cishe imizuzu eyi-2-3. Ebusika, kukhiqizwa kaningi kakhulu, kodwa imizuzwana embalwa. Ngokuthatha leli thuba, ohlanzayo akaziphiki yena injabulo yokugeza eshaweni leqhwa.

Ngobusuku, izinyoni zifuna amagatsha ama-spruce aminyene, ukuze ukwazi ukufihla isimo sezulu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Abaze basebenzise izimbobo. Ngenkathi ebandayo, bacindezelwa kakhulu, bebuthene ndawonye. Ukuze wonge amandla, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lazo lehla laya ku-10 ° C, futhi imetabolism incishiswa kakhulu.

Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuyabasiza ukuba basinde ngobusuku beqhwa lapho i-thermometer yehla yaya ku -25 ° C.

Isitha esikhulu semvelo yiSparrowhawk (i-Accipter nisus). Ngokwezinga elincane, baba yisisulu sotshani (i-Falco columbarius), isikhova esimpunga (i-Strix aluco) nesikhova eside (i-Asio otus).

Ukubukeka

Inyoni encane kakhulu, ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo okuyindilinga, okufana nempaphe, inomsila omfushane kakhulu, intamo emfushane nekhanda elikhulu. Ubude bomzimba 9 cm cm, amaphiko we-15-17 cm, isisindo 4-8 g. Ingaphezulu liyi-olive eluhlaza okotshani, phansi kunombala ophuzi, imicu emibili emhlophe egqamile iphiko. Umucu ophuzi onemingcele emnyama ugijimisa umqhele, ubanzi futhi une-tint ye-orange kowesilisa, ne-tint yelamula kowesifazane. Lapho inyoni ijabule, izimpaphe eziphuzi zikhuphuka bese zakha i-crest encane. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona indandatho emincane yezimpaphe ezimfishane ezimhlophe. Uqhotho mncane futhi ukhombe. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nabantu abadala, zihlukile kubo ngokungabi bikho kwembambo ophuzi emakhanda abo kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuwa. Kusondele futhi kufana ngombala, i-kinglet enekhanda elibomvu, etholakala endaweni yaseRussia kuphela esifundeni se-Pskov nasentshonalanga neGreater Caucasus, inombala wamehlo omhlophe obonakalayo ngokucacile namatomu amnyama. I-Korolkovaya scallop, evamile eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, ineshiya ophuzi, umucu omnyama ngeso nangebala eliphuzi ngemuva engezansi. Hlanganisa kuze kufinyelele ku-14 imininingwane yenkosi enamakhanda aphuzi, ehluka ngemininingwane yombala, kwezinye izimo, i-ecology.

Izwi

I-Kinglet iyaqashelwa kalula ngokucula kwayo okubonakalayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kunzima ukuthola ihlathi elingaphezulu lehlathi. Isifiso esijwayelekile - ukuncipha okuncane kwe- "qi-qi-qi", okubandakanya ama-syllables ama-2-3 futhi kwenziwa ngokwenothi eliphezulu kakhulu - abantu abaningi asebekhulile abayiboni imisindo kulolu banga. Ingoma i-melodic, iqukethe ukushintshana kwezimhlophe ezinesigqi esiphakeme esithi "priyut-ii ... pri-tyut-ii ... priyut", ekugcineni kwayo kukhona i-trill emfushane. Le ngoma, ehlala kuze kube yimizuzwana eyi-6, imvamisa iphindwa izikhathi ezingama-4-6 zilandelana. Kwesinye isikhathi ingoma yandulelwa yingoma evela emisindo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yama-monosyllabic enkombeni efanayo.

Ukucula njalo kwabesilisa kuyaqhubeka ngesikhathi sokuzalela - ukusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, lapho amachwane amadada wesibili ethola amandla endiza. Ukuculwa kwabesilisa abathile kungazwakala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi, nangoSepthemba. Ingoma iveza injabulo yenyoni ejwayelekile, futhi ayihlotshaniswa kuphela nokuziphatha kwendawo noma ukuzala.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi ihlukaniswa njengomndeni we-korolkovye, i-detachment of passerines nohlobo lwamakhosi. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, lesi yisakhamuzi esincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi samahlathi akhephuka. Le nyoni yathola igama layo lasebukhosini ngenxa yokubakhona ekhanda lomucu ogqamile ophuzi ofana nomqhele owenziwe ngegolide. EJalimane, inkosi ibizwa nge- "cockerel yegolide ebusika", ngoba indiza kuleli lizwe ebusika kuphela. Phambilini, eRussia le nyoni yayibizwa ngokuthi “ivenive”, ngokusobala ngenxa yencanyana yayo.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kwabesifazane, umucu we-corona une-hue ephuzi le-lime, kuyilapho emadodeni kukhona umbala ophuzi osawolintshi. Kwabesilisa, kubanzi.

Ividiyo: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uKorolek akazange aqhamuke nokukhula, kusungulwa izinganekwane ngaye. Omunye wabo ufakazela ukukhishwa kwaso kanye nobuhlakani. Bathe uma kwathi phakathi kwezinyoni kwaba nengxabano yokuthi iyiphi yazo ezondiza eduze kwelanga. Kubukeka sengathi ukhozi oluziqhenyayo laluhola kulokhu kulwa, kodwa ekugcineni kwesibili kwaqhamuka inkosi encane iphuma ngaphansi kwamaphiko okhozi, ikhuphuka kakhulu kunenyoni edla inyama. Ubukhulu benkosi ekhanda ophuzi empeleni bukhulu kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni buqhamuka ku-9 kuye ku-10 cm, bese isisindo sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 amagremu.

Ngobukhulu bayo, i-kinglet ekhanda ephuzi ingaphansi kancane:

• urticaria
• isikali korolechnoy
• inkosi ebomvu ikhanda.

Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-ornithologists aveze ama-subspecies ayi-14 ale nyoni, angafani kuphela endaweni ahlala kuyo, kodwa nakwezinye izingqinamba zombala wezinsi.

Ihlala kuphi inkosi yamakhanda aphuzi?

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi eRussia

Amakhosi anamakhanda aphuzi akhethe cishe yonke i-Eurasia, i-Azores ne-Canary Islands. ENyakatho Ntshonalanga Yurophu, izinyoni ezidlekayo zitholakala cishe yonke indawo lapho i-biotopes yemvelo imfanela khona. Eningizimu yenyoni ungahlangana ezindaweni ezithile kuphela, uhla lwayo luhlukaniswe njengezindawo ezihlukile. Izinduna zamakhosi zatholakala eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, e-Italy, eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeFrance, eRomania, eBalkan. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yeScandinavia ngeke uhlangane nenkosi, kunezindawo lapho le nyoni ibonakala khona ebusika kuphela ngenkathi ezulazula (Germany).

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ososayensi bathole ukuthi indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni encane kunokubumbana okuphelele nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-spruce ejwayelekile, i-fir kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-spruce zase-Asia.

Ngobukhulu bezwe lethu, inkosi isenabantu:

Uhla lwaseRussia lokuhlala kwezinyoni lufika esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, Tambov nasePenza. Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi ihlala esikhaleni sase-Ukraine.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, le nyoni ivumelanise isimo sendawo esezintabeni, ngakho ungahlangabezana nayo:

I-Korolek imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamakhilomitha acishe abe yingxenye, yize kuyi-Himalayas ingahlangatshezwa endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha amane, eSwiss Alps, izinyoni ezindizela ezintabeni eziphakeme kune-2 km. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesizini, inkosi ingahlangatshezwa ezindaweni ezivulekile zeGibhithe, China neTaiwan.

Amakhosi anombala ophuzi anikeza ukuthanda kwawo emahlathini aqhakaza phezulu, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kukhona khona izihlahlana zikaphayini wezintaba nefir. Emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, izinyoni azihlali zivame kakhulu, zithanda izingqimba ezihlotshiswe ngesihlahla sonwele kanye namahlathi e-alpine emisedari. Kepha ihlathi, lapho kukhula khona i-larch ne-pine ejwayelekile, inkosi ayithandi, ngakho-ke ayihlali lapho. Eziqhingini zaseCanary, le nyoni ihlala ehlathini le-laurel nasezindaweni lapho kukhula khona uphayini weCanary. Ensimini yama-Azores, inkosi ivumelanise ukuhlala ezindaweni zokukhula zemithi yemisedari yaseJapan nejuniper, ngoba cishe wonke amahlathi e-laurel lapha agawulwa.

Idla ini inkosi enhloko-ephuzi?

Isithombe: I-Kinglet bird enamakhanda aphuzi

Imenyu yenkosi enamakhanda aphuzi ihluke kakhulu, iqukethe kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nezitsha zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Lokhu kokugcina kutholakala ezondweni ngezikhathi ezibandayo, lapho kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola izilwane ezincane.

Ngakho-ke, i -letterature encane ayihambelani nokuluma:

• amacimbi
• ama-aphid
• izinzipho
• izicabucabu
• izimbungulu ezincane
• amakhokho
• freckles,
• izimpukane zekaddis,
• okumatasa,
• hymenoptera,
• amabhungane amabhungane
• imiyane yomiyane
• abadlayo
• imbewu yesihlahla
• amajikijolo nezinye izithelo.

Le nyoni encane ayikwazi ukubamba inyamazane enkulu, inkosi ayikwazi ukwephula umlomo wayo ngamandla, njengoba ondlunkulu kanye ne-titmouse kuvame ukwenza, uhlala egwinya sonke isisulu esibanjiwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukudliwa kwama-koroleks kutholakala emagatsheni e-coniferous, kuhlola ngokucophelela izinaliti, imifantu ku-cortex, kanye nezikali zama-cones. Inyoni yezinambuzane ezinamaphiko ibamba indiza khona lapho, indiza emoyeni, njenge-hummingbird. Kuyaqabukela, i-kinglet encane yehlela emhlabathini iyofuna isidlo, ithanda ukuzifihla umqhele wesihlahla. Lapho izingane ezinamehlo zineme, ziphuza amazolo bese zisebenzisa imvula ukudakwa.

Ubukhulu obuncane benkosi bunquma izici zokudla kwayo, okungaphazamiseki. UKorolek uyaqhubeka nokubamba ukudla lapho ehlabelela izingilazi zakhe futhi ehlela izidleke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ine-metabolism esheshayo kakhulu kanye nosayizi omncane wesisu. Ukudla okubekwe esiswini esincane akunakugcwala ngokuphelele inyoni ekhuthele ngokweqile, ngakho-ke i-kinglet idla njalo ukuze ibe namandla futhi ibe namandla. Emini, udla umthamo wokudla ophindwe kabili ngobuningi bawo.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uma inkosi kufanele ilambe imizuzu eyi-12, khona-ke isibalo somzimba wayo ngalesi sikhathi sincipha ngokwesithathu. Ukuzila ihora elilodwa kungaholela ekufeni kwenyoni enezithelo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi evela kwiBhuku eliBomvu

Kunzima ukuthi izidalwa ezincane ziziphile zodwa, ngakho-ke amakhosi angabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezihlangene. Imvamisa phakathi kokulala, kucindezelwa komunye nomunye ukuze kufudumale. Ngokuvamile, lezi ziyizinyoni ezikhathazayo futhi ezinamandla ezihlala zihamba, zibona ngomdlandla nangokushesha komqhele wesihlahla.

Njengoba kwenzeka, amakhosi ayawathanda amahlathi ama-spruce, lapho kunzima kakhulu ukuwaphawula emagatsheni e-spruce, ngoba ukufihlwa kwalezi zinyoni kuphezulu. Imilenze yezinyoni eziyishumi iyazivumela ukuba zilenga emagatsheni zize zibheke phansi; ngalezi zikhathi, amakhosi abukeka njengamabhola kaKhisimusi.Uma kunzima kakhulu ukubona inkosi, khona-ke ingatholwa ngokucula, uhla lwayo luphezulu kakhulu futhi ifana nemisindo ye "qi-qi-qi".

KumaKhosi kukhona zombili izinyoni ezihlala endaweni eyodwa nezifudukayo. Lezi zangaphambili zihlala zinamathele endaweni eyodwa yokufakelwa futhi zingayishiyi, eyokugcina ifuduka amabanga amade noma ifudukele lapho ingasuki khona isikhathi eside ukusuka endaweni yayo yokuhlala yaphakade. Njengomthetho, izinyoni ezihlala eningizimu ziyaxazululeka, futhi izinyoni zasenyakatho ziyafuduka. Imvamisa, amakhosi awashiyi umkhawulo wokukhula kwamahlathi aqothulayo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Amakhosi afudukayo angahlula amakhilomitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-800 ngosuku olulodwa, kuphela nomoya olungile.

Imvamisa ngesikhathi sokufuduka ziyeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuhlala kwabantu, lapho ziphumula khona futhi zizaziqinisa ngokwazo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinyoni ezincane azizizwa zesaba abantu futhi ziphatha abantu ngokweqiniso, azithuki futhi azesabi imilenze emibili.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi ngokwemvelo

Isikhathi somshado samakhosi aphuzi aphuzi siqala ngo-Ephreli, sithathe ukuqala kwehlobo. Izinyoni ziheha abobulili obuhlukile, ukunyathela i-crest yazo ekhanyayo, ngalesi sikhathi esithe xaxa ifana nomqhele. Izimpiko eziphaphazelayo, ukucula ama-roulade, ukuncibilika kwemisila emifushane kuyizimpawu zokunakwa.

Ngemuva kokuthola umlingani, abesilisa bathola uzungu lwabo, oluvikelwe ngokucophelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokungeneka. Uma esincintisana naye esesekhona, owesilisa uyamsongela, amlimaze isidalo sakhe, esakaza amaphiko akhe, eguqa phambili nomzimba wonke. Uma izindiza ezesabekayo zingasizi, izimbangi zingena ku-fray.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Amazwe womndeni owodwa wamakhosi uvame ukusakazeka ngaphezu kwezihlahla eziyi-18, indawo yawo engamaphesenti angama-0,25. Le ndima yanele ukondla hhayi lo mbhangqwana kuphela, kodwa futhi nenzalo yawo.

Umgadli wenza umsebenzi wokwakha isidleke. I-Nesting, imvamisa etholakala ngaphansi komthunzi wama-paw spruce paws, evikela ngokuphelele isimo sezulu esingesihle. Okwakha, owesilisa usebenzisa ama-moss, ama-lichens, amahlumela amancane, neziqu, eziboshwe ngesixha sezibungu nezinkukhu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezicabucabu, ngaphakathi kombhede kufakwe phansi, izimpaphe nezinwele zezilwane.

Isidleke sithatha isimo sendaba ejulile futhi eminyene ekwakhiweni kwindebe eyindilinga, etholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amane kuya kwayi-12. Ububanzi besidleke bungaba ngu-10 cm, futhi kuthatha okungenani amasonto amathathu ukuyakha. Uma izimo zivuma, intokazi iyakwazi ukuhlehlisela imichilo embalwa, eyokuqala iqale ngo-Ephreli, neyesibili maphakathi noJuni. Izinombolo zokubumba zisuka kumaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10 anokhilimu ngombala futhi asakaze amachashazi ansundu, enza iphethini ohlangothini olufiphaza.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Amaqanda amaKhosi ayi-10 mm ububanzi nama-12 mm ubude. Isisindo sonke sokubumbana sadlula isisindo sowesifazane ngamaphesenti angama-20.

Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala izinsuku eziyi-16, umama okhulelwe ubambisene futhi, futhi umlingani umondla ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izingane zizalwa ngaphandle kwezimpaphe futhi zingasizakali ngokuphelele. Esontweni lokuqala, umama akakwazi ukubashiya, ngakho-ke ubaba okhathalelayo ugijimisa okokuhlanya ukondla wonke umuntu, alethe ukudla kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-300 ngosuku. Ngemuva kweviki, kuqhamuke umdlwane wokuqala emachwaneni, ngakho insikazi yona iyandiza iyofuna ukudla, yona kanye nenzalo yayo, ukulungiselela ikusasa likababa onamaphiko. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha futhi lapho sezineminyaka engamashumi amabili zenza ukudabuka kokuqala kusuka esidlekeni sazo, futhi ziyakwazi ukwenza izindiza ezizimele zinezinyanga.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukuvikela izingane, abazali bazihlanze ngokucophelela, bethatha amagobolondo emaqandeni nasezindlini zezingane.

Kufanele wengezwe ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiswa ngamakhosi endalo sincane, ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zingoma ezincane zezingoma ziphila iminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Yize kukhona abadumile abade babekade bephila iminyaka emihlanu.

Izitha zemvelo zenkosi ekhanda ophuzi

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi eRussia

Amakhosi amancane anzima, futhi anezitha ezanele endle.

Phakathi kwazo, ungafaka uhlu lwezinyoni ezidla ezinye, njengoku:

Isikhihlizi esikhohlisayo futhi esidume kunazo zonke yi-hawk. Vele, okokuqala, amantshontsho amancane nokukhula kwentsha okungenalwazi kuhlupheka ngenxa yezinyamazane ezinamabala. I-Korolkov imvamisa isindiswa ubuhlakani bayo, ukuhlakanipha nokuhamba ngokweqile, ukuze bakwazi ukushiya usongo oluzayo futhi bazifihle emagatsheni aminyene. Ikati elijwayelekile, elingahlukani nezinyoni ezizingelayo, lingayihlasela kahle inyoni efudukayo eye yama ukuphumula endaweni yokuhlala kwabantu.

Imvamisa amakhosi alinyazwa yiqhwa elinzima nesimo sezulu esibi. Izinyoni zisindiswa ngokungqongqoza phansi emihlambini futhi zinamathele ngokusondelene, imetabolism yazo iyancipha, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyancipha ukuze wonge amandla. Izici ezinjalo zisiza ukusinda emazingeni apholile angamashumi amabili nanhlanu eqhwa.

Izitha zamakhosi nazo zingabalwa njengomuntu ohlale engenelela kuma-biotopes emvelo, ophazamisa umjikelezo wempilo wezinyoni. Ukugawula amahlathi, ukubeka imigwaqo emikhulu, ukwandisa izindawo zasemadolobheni, kwande kakhulu nesimo semvelo siphelele, abantu bathinta kabi izimpilo zezinyoni, ezingakwazi kodwa ukuphazamisa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Ubukeka bunjani ubuhlalu obunombala ophuzi?

Noma ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwamaKhosi aphuzi aphuzi banzi kakhulu, azikho eziningi zalezi zinyoni ezindaweni ezithile, abantu bazo bakwehlisiwe okukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yesici esibi somuntu, okuvame ukuthi, usongo olukhulu kubamele abaningi bezilwane, kubandakanya nenkosi enombala ophuzi.

Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungaxhunyiwe kwaqhutshwa, okwamunca kakhulu isitoko salezi zinyoni ezincane. Lokhu akwenzeki kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhanjiswa kwezinyoni njalo, ezindaweni eziningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibalo senkosi siphezulu. Ngokusho kwemithombo eyahlukahlukene, iyahlukahluka kusuka kwizigidi ezingama-19 kuya kwezingama-30 yokuzalanisa izifuyo.

Ngakho-ke, isimo sabantu benkosi yamakhanda aphuzi ezifundeni ezihlukene sinombuso ohlukile. Kwezinye izindawo, inyoni encane enombala ophuzi idinga ukuthatha izindlela ezithile zokuzivikela.

Lapho bekusele khona izinyoni ezimbalwa, imiphumela emibi ephambili ibiyile:

• ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezihlala emahlathini ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu,
• ukungenelela komuntu ku-biotopes yemvelo nokubhujiswa kwabo,
• nodlame, ezomnotho, imisebenzi yabantu,
• Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngokubanzi.

Ukuqashwa kweNkosi Eyihlokohloko

Isithombe: IKinglet enamakhanda aphuzi evela kwiBhuku eliBomvu

Kwenzeka lokhu nje, inani lamakhosi aphethwe amakhosi aphuzi akayona yonke indawo enkulu, kwezinye izifunda lehlile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yemithelela ehlukahlukene yabantu kwezemvelo. Lokhu kukhathaza izinhlangano eziningi zemvelo futhi zibaphoqe ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zinyoni ezincane.

Ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba, inkosi yamakhanda aphuzi ibhalwe ku-Isithasiselo sesibili se-Berne Convention, ibhalwe ku-Isithasiselo II seBonn Convention. I-Kinglet nayo ibhalwe ezincwadini ezahlukene zeRegional Red. Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi ibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Republic of Crimea njengezinhlobo ezingandile. Isici esikhulu esinqunyelwe lapha wukuncishiswa kwendawo yamahlathi esi-spruce. I-Korolek iyinyoni ebomvu yencwadi ebomvu ezindaweni eziphakeme zeBuryatia, lapho ibalwa khona njengezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile. Le nyoni ithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikeleka ezindaweni eziseziqiwini zaseBarguzinsky naseBaikal, iphinde ivikeleke namapaki kazwelonke eTrans-Baikal naseTunkinsky.

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi iyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile esifundeni saseLipetsk, lapho futhi ibhalwe khona eNcwadini Ebomvu yasendaweni kusukela ngo-2003. Lapha, le nyoni ivame kakhulu ngesikhathi sezindiza zasebusika, futhi ngesikhathi sokudlekwa kwemvelo kubhekwa njenge-rarity. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindawo ezifanele zokuhlela izindawo zokungenisa izidleke (amahlathi amakhulu ama-spruce).

Izindlela eziphambili zokuphepha ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene yilezi:

• ukukhonjwa kwezindawo zokuhlala izidleke nokufakwa kwazo ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe,
• ukungaphazanyiswa komuntu kuma-biotopes wemvelo,
• ukutadisha ngokwenziwa kabusha nobuningi bezinyoni endaweni ethile,
• ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ezihlanganayo ezindaweni zokudlela,
• ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha ze-spruce.

Ukufingqa, kudingeka sengeze lokho okuncane futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, okungavikeleki inhloko ekhanda ophuzi, ugcwalisa umphefumulo womuntu ngentshiseko, ngoba amandla ayo angajwayelekile, ukuhamba ngokweqile, ubuhlakani obungenakuthengiswa, amandla futhi umane ujabule. Inyoni encane ivame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuphila obuhlukahlukene abunqobayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu baphathe le crumb ngenzwa ekhethekile nokunakekelwa, khona-ke umhlaba okuzungezile uzoba nomusa futhi ujabule ngokwengeziwe!

Indawo

Inkosi enamakhanda aphuzi isasazeke iningi le-Eurasia, kanye naseCanary nase-Azores. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla lwale nyoni luphakathi kukaJulayi isotherms we-14 ° C no-23 ° C, futhi ucishe uqondane nendawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-spruce evamile, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-spruce zase-Asia. Ngasenyakatho engxenyeni ephakathi yeNtshonalanga Yurophu ihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, lapho kunamabhothi afanelekile, eningizimu uhla luhlukaniswe - inyoni kuphela izidleke ezindaweni ezisempumalanga ye-Iberian Peninsula, eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeFrance, e-Italy, amazwe esifundeni seBalkan neRomania. Ngasentshonalanga naseningizimu yezintaba zasePyrenees nasenyakatho ekude yeScandinavia akukho ndawo ngokuphelele, kuyo yonke ingxenye yendawo kwenzeka okungenani phakathi nokuzulazula kobusika.

Kukhuphukela enyakatho eNorway kuya ku-70 ° C. sh., eKarelia nasePeninsula yaseKola kuze kufike ku-67 ° C. sh., phakathi koLwandle Olumhlophe kanye ne-Ural Range kuze kufike ku-65 ° C. sh., ku-Ural Range naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia kuze kufike ku-62 ° C. sh., e-East Sayan naseGhamar-Daban ridge. E-Ukraine, eningizimu kuya eKiev, izifunda ezisenyakatho zeChernihiv kanye nezindawo ezingamaSumy, eRussia kuya eTambov, ePenza, ezifundeni zaseNizhny Novgorod, kuya eSouthern Urals, eNtshonalanga Siberia kuya ku-54 ° C. umgwaqo omkhulu oya enkabeni nasempumalanga mpumalanga ye-Altai, Western Sayan, Tannu-Ola kanye noKhamar-Daban.

Izigaba ezihlukanisiwe eCrimea, e-Asia Minor ngasogwini lweMedithera nolwandle Olwandle, emithambekeni eseningizimu yeCaucasus, i-Armeni Taurus ne-Elburz. UDzhungarsky Alatau, uKetmen, iTien Shan eningizimu kugibeli lase-Alai. Ukusuka eSafedhokh Range nasendaweni engasentshonalanga engasentshonalanga yeHimalayaas empumalanga yeHimalaya kuya ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeYunnan. I-East Tibet empumalanga iya emfuleni iQinling kanye nomngcele osempumalanga wezintaba zaseSino-Tibet, enyakatho uye eRigtofen ridge, eningizimu kuya enyakatho yeYunnan. IBritish, Canary, Azores, Sardinia, Sicily, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands Iturup, Kunashir and Shikotan, Japan Hokkaido and Honshu.

Habitat

Engxenyeni enkulu yendawo, i-biotope enkulu eyisidleke amahlathi amade angenamaphaphu, kwesinye isikhathi ahlanganiswa nephayini lasezintabeni (I-Pinusabelo) kanye ne-fir emhlophe. Ngaphansi kokudlekwa emahlathini axubile ahlanganayo namahlathi aphakeme ezintaba, kugwema izingulube ngokubamba iqhaza kukaphayini nophayini ojwayelekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Enyakatho naseSiberia kuwuphawu lwe-taiga ebomvu yobumnyama, noma kunjalo kutholakala lapho kuyaqabukela - mhlawumbe akukaze kufundwe ngokwanele ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. E-Azores, lapho ihlathi lelaurel lendawo licishe ligawulwe ngokuphelele, livumelaniswa kahle nomsedari waseJapan owethulwe, futhi ligcwele ngemifino emincane yama-Azores juniper. E-Canaries, ngaphezu kwehlathi lase-laurel, ivimbela ngokuzithandela emahlathini ngokubamba iqhaza kukaphayini weCanary (I-Pinus canariensis) nophayini obabazekayo olethwe lapha. Esikhathini esingesikhathi sokuzalela, ama-biotopes ahlukahlukene futhi angafaka ama-shrubbery, amahlathi anqabile futhi axubile, izingadi namapaki. Itholakala ezintabeni iye phezulu ehlathini - eSwitzerland Alps kuze kufike ku-2200 m, eCaucasus kuze kufike ku-2000 m, eHimalayas kuze kube ngu-4000 m, eJapan kuze kufike ku-2600 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Uhlobo lokuhlala

Izinhlobo ezihlalwa kakhulu, zithutha ngokungajwayelekile ezinyangeni zasebusika. Kusenyakatho eledlulele kuphela yebanga lokunyakaza lapho ukunyakaza ngaseningizimu kuthola isimilo sokufuduka okugcwele. Izinga lokunyakaza okunjalo lingahluka kakhulu: eminyakeni ethile, amakhosi asekwindla amakhosi afana nomphumela wesisindo - ukuhlasela, nakwabanye cishe akunakubonwa. Lo mehluko awuchazwa nje kuphela ngobunzima bobusika, kodwa futhi nangomncintiswano owandayo wezinyoni wokuthola ukudla eminyakeni ethile. Uma ubusika ngesizini edlule bebuthakathaka kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu lezinyoni lingaphila ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka futhi likhulise inzalo - isibalo esandayo sokuxinanisa izinyoni ziyofuna ukudla ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Njengezinye izinyoni ezincane, njenge-wren noma i-ladle, lapho kubanda, amakhosi achitha ubusuku bonke ngamaqembu endaweni ethile yokukhosela, anamathele eduze.