IDugong isilwane esifuywayo esivela emanzini ngokulandelana kwezinsizakalo, njenge-manatee (kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zama-manatees) kanye nenkomo ka-Steller's (izinhlobo ezingasekho). Womndeni wakwa-dugong, yiwo wodwa asindile kuze kube namuhla. Igama elithi "dugong" uqobo livela kuMalaysian "duyung" - incekukazi yasolwandle noma i-mermaid. Kepha, ngokweqiniso, lesi silwane sincane kunazo zonke esifana ne-mermaid noma i-siren, yize kukhona okufana ngaphansi kwamanzi - ukwakheka komsila kanye nezinduna zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingase ziphakamise isithombe esibonakalayo sabatiloyi isithombe se-mermaid.
Izilwane ezi-4 zingezesigcawu sezinhlabamkhosi. Zonke ziyizilwane zasemanzini ezinempilo ezihlala endaweni esegwini, zidla ngomlilo futhi ziphefumula umoya wasemkhathini. Inesikhumba esinyene, esishwabeneyo, esifana nezimpawu zamanzi, kepha azikwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni. Izitho zomzimba wesibeletho kanye ne-dorsal fin azikho.
Lapho kutholakala izinsimbi, i-dugong ingummeleli omncane kunayo yonke, isisindo sayo asifinyeleli ku-600 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba buqala kumamitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-4-5. Vele, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zedugongs, ngokungamangalisa ngokwanele, ziyindlovu. Umzimba wesilwane unobume be-fusiform obunamaphiko amancane amafishi ezinhlangothini, kanti nomsila ubukeka njengomkhomo. Amawele kungenzeka ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukuhaya, futhi ekubhukuleni nasekuthuthukiseni isivinini basebenzisa umsila. Amaphiko eDugong asetshenziswa futhi ukuhambisa phansi, ngesikhathi sokuqoqa i-algae.
Umbala womzimba wama-dugongs usimpunga, kepha uma iminyaka ikhula iba nsundu kunalokho, esiswini sikhanya kakhulu kunasemuva. Ikhanda lincane, njengesiphunzi, linamehlo amancane. Isizalo sinamandla impela, sinezindebe ezinkulu ezimbili ezikhulu, ingaphezulu lihlukaniswe ngesigamu phakathi. Lesi sakhiwo se-lip sibalulekile ekudla kwe-algae. Intamo imfushane, iselula, azikho ama-auricles ekhanda, amehlo mancane futhi amise ngokujulile. Amakhala asunduzelwa phezulu futhi avalwe ngama-valve asiza ukubamba umoya.
Ama-dugong awaboni kahle, kepha yizwa kahle kakhulu. Abesilisa banemisipha emincane. Ama-molars awanazimpande no-koqweqwe lwawo, emhlathini womabili kunama-molars angama-5-6 ohlangothini ngalunye, kanti abesilisa nabo banezifiso zangaphakathi.
Phambilini, ama-dugongs abhebhetheke kakhulu, kepha manje atholakala kuphela oLwandlekazi i-Indian nasePacific eshisayo. Zitholakala ikakhulu ogwini lweNhlonhlo YaseTanzania, eduze neGreat Barrier Reef naseTorres Strait.
Ososayensi bathole izidumbu zama-dugongs aneminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-50. Ngemuva kwalokho babenamaphiko ama-4, futhi bangaba semhlabeni isikhashana, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi balahlekelwa yileli khono namaphini ama-2.
Abathandi beJules Verne bazokhumbula impela ukuthi bahlangane nabasumbazi ekhasini lamanoveli kaKaputeni Nemo - “Amakilabhu Amakhulu Amashumi Amabili Ngaphansi Olwandle” kanye “Nesiqhingi Esingaziwa”. Umbhali uchaza i-dugong njengesilwane esiyingozi, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso. IDugong ingaba yingozi ngaphandle kosayizi wayo nokuhamba kancane, futhi akukho okunye, lezi zilwane azihlaseli abantu. IDugong ingahlasela kuqala kuphela uma izovikela amawundlu ayo - njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane. Ngokuvamile, isilwane asinangozi ukwedlula inja.
Imvamisa, ama-dugongs ahlala emanzini afudumele asogwini, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nawo ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-20, kepha ahlala ejwayelekile kuzo - kunama-algae amaningi lezi zilwane ezinokuthula ezidla kakhulu kuwo. Ukunyakaza kwabo kuhlotshaniswa ne-ebbs nokugeleza, akumangazi, ngoba zidla emanzini angajulile. Izitshalo ze-algae nezasemanzini zakha ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwazo, kepha zingadla ezinhlanzini ezincane nakufrizi abambelele kulwelwe, ososayensi bathola izidumbu zazo esiswini sedugongs. Ngokuyisisekelo funa izitshalo zamanzi nokubomvu.
Esezinhlelweni zokondla, ama-dugongs alima phansi kwechibi ngezindebe zawo eziphansi, asusa izimpande ze-algae, lapho imidwebo yezinhlamvu isala phansi, kunganqunywa kubo ukuthi "izinkomo zasolwandle" zisanda kudla lapha. Kulokhu, kuphakama inani elikhulu le-sludge. I-algae nezimpande zazo ze-dugong zikhungathekile ngamazinyo ezimpande anamandla. Ngaphambi kokuthi udle isitshalo, i-dugong iyasifaka emanzini, inikine ikhanda isuka ngapha nangapha.
Ama-dugongs angachitha ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba yimizuzu eyi-10- 10, ngemuva kwalokho akhuphukele phezulu ukuphefumula umoya. Ngosuku, isilwane esisodwa sidinga ukudla cishe amakhilogremu angama-40 ezitshalo kanye nolwelwe, ngakho-ke isikhathi esiningi simatasa sithola ukudla. Babhukuda ngokukhululekile nangokuzola, futhi, njengomthetho, abanaki abahlukahlukene. Lapho usuthisa i-dugong ungahambela ngesibindi ukudoba izinhlanzi ezincane eduze kobuso bayo.
Izilwane zibonakala sengathi ziyaxakanana, kepha lokhu akunjalo, ngaphansi kwamanzi i-dugong ibhukuda ngokwesilinganiso ngejubane elifika ku-10 km / h, futhi uma isaba, ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-18 km / h. Bathulile, benza imisindo ebukhali kuphela lapho besaba. Ukubekelwa phansi akubekezeleleki kahle, kubi kakhulu kunawo wonke umndeni we-siren, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukutholakala kumapaki wamanzi nokuhehayo.
Ama-dugongs anesizungu, abhukuda ikakhulukazi, kepha lapho efuna ukudla angakwazi ukubutha emhlanjini omncane. Ukuphila emanzini afudumele, ama-dugongs angazala unyaka wonke. Abesilisa balwela abesifazane basebenzise imichilo yabo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ababheki njengabantu abanokuthula nhlobo, njengaso sonke isikhathi. Owesifazane uthwala cishe unyaka owodwa, inani eliphakeme lamawundlu amabili, futhi akhulise lawo mathupha ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kobaba.
Ingane izala ubude obungaba imitha nobunzima obufika kuma-35 kg. Izinsikazi zondla abancane ngobisi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5, yize zifinyelele ezinyangeni ezintathu abasha baqala ukushintshela ekudleni ukudla. Ukuthomba kuma-dugongs kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-9 ukuya kwengama-10, kanti inani labo lokuphila seliseduze kwabantu - iminyaka engama-70. Izilwane ezincane ikakhulukazi zihamba ngosizo lwamawele, nabantu abadala ngosizo lomsila.
Ama-dugongs ayakuthanda ukuhamba futhi angakwazi ukubhukuda ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Bebezohamba ngomkhumbi ngaphezulu ukube bebengahlaswanga yizingozi zokushayisana nemikhumbi yasolwandle nezikebhe zezimoto. Imvamisa, banquma ngohambo olunjalo ngenxa yokushoda kwenani lokudla elidingekayo endaweni abahlala kuyo, kepha bangabhukuda kanjalo nje. Ukuhamba kwansuku zonke nangonyaka kungathinteka ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lamanzi noma izinga lokushisa, ukutholakala kokudla nobungako.
Ama-dugong asemancane avame ukuba yisisulu soshaka abakhulu, futhi lesi ngesinye sezizathu sabantu abancane. Ziyizisulu ezilula zabantu. Inyama yabo ifana ne-veal ekunambithekeni kwabo; amanoni, amathambo nesikhumba kuyasetshenziswa. Futhi lesi isizathu sesibili esenza ukuthi i-dugong ibhalwe ku-Red Book, lapho inesimo sezinhlobo ezisengcupheni. Amathambo e-Dugong asetshenziselwa ubuciko be "ndlovu" (lokhu kungenye ukufana kwezindlovu), amafutha asetshenziswa emithini yesintu.
Manje ukumba izimayini ngamatshe ngamanethi akuvunyelwe, kepha kuvunyelwe njengokudoba kwendabuko kubantu be-Aborigine. Njengamanje, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukubondla, inani labantu alinciphile. Kepha lokhu ukulingana okuntekenteke kakhulu ukuthi noma iyiphi inhlekelele yemvelo ingakunyakazisa - ngokwesibonelo, ukuwa kwethangi likawoyela endaweni yase-dugong, kanye nokuzingela.
Ama-dugongs ahlukile - yizo kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezi-herbivorous ezikhona emhlabeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, isihloko sokuqothulwa kwesibalo sabantu base-dugong sabhekwa eMhlanganweni weBonn e-United Arab Emirates ngonyaka we-2010, lapho baxoxa ngezindlela zokugcina ama-dugongs futhi balondoloze inani labo.
Kwabhalwa ukuthi umsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu ungenye yezizathu ezinkulu kakhulu zokuncipha kwenani labantu abasebenza emigodini, lapho kwakulotshwe khona izilwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ezindaweni ezigcwele gulf. Amadlelo abo abekwe ngokudotshwa kokudoba, amanetha nezikhwama zepulasitiki. Ngenye yemisebenzi yokwelashwa, kutholakale ithani elilodwa nesigamu lamaphakeji anjalo emanzini echibha. Ukwehla kwenani le-algae ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-20 - futhi i-algae iyisisekelo sokondleka - futhi kungenye yezizathu zokufa kokuqothuka.
Kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokwenyusa izindawo ezidla izindlwana namanzi ahlanzekile asogwini, kuphela ngale ndlela izinhlobo ezingafaniyo ezisengozini ezingagcinwa. Ama-dugongs awavikeleki ngokuphelele kubantu, futhi izisulu zemvelo, oshaka, ngokwanele ukulawula inani labo. Ngeke sikwazi ukulawula inani lokuzingela ushaka for dugongs, kodwa siyakwazi ukunciphisa imisebenzi yethu emanzini asogwini.