I-swan iyindida futhi yinhle. Akuzenzeki ukuthi eNgilandi waqashelwa njengenyoni yasebukhosini. Indoda kusuka ebuntwaneni ihambisana nesithombe esihle esibonisa ubuhle, ubuqotho nobukhosi.
I-swan yangempela emvelweni ayibukeki kangako ngobuhle bayo, umusa, ukuphelela kwayo. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke izingcingo zamanzi. Inhlanganisela yobuhle namandla ihlaba umxhwele wonke umuntu owabona imihlambi yezindiza ezindizayo. Igama lale nyoni lisusela ezincwadini zasendulo zamagama athi "ukuqaqamba", "ukukhanya".
Izici ze-Swan
I-plumage yezinyoni yemibala emithathu eyisisekelo: imhlophe qhwa, impunga neblue-mnyama.
Ama-accents akhanyayo angaba ngama-paws abomvu kanye noqhwayi ophuzi noma ogqamile osayizi wekhanda. Umbala ubonakala ngamagama ezinhlobo ezimbili: ama-swans amnyama namnyama. I-taxonomy yezinye izinyoni ibonisa idatha yazo yezwi:
- isimungulu - uthole igama lemisindo yezinhlamvu ezenziwe kusimo sokucasuka,
Lalelani izwi lezwi eliyisimungulu
Lalela izwi le-whoper swan
Umqondo "wengoma" uyaziwa njengokubonakaliswa kokugcina kwethalente nokuphila okuphelayo. Kepha emvelweni, ama-swans amahle awaculi, kepha kunalokho amemeze.
Lapho kugcinwa amachwane, imisindo eyenziwe ngayo ifana nokukhonkotha kwenja - ukubonakaliswa kwezwi zazo kuhluke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlala enkulu, izinhlobo zezinsalela eziqanjwe ngegama:
- american swan - inyoni usayizi omncane onobunzima obungu-6 kg, uhlala emahlathini aminyene aseMelika, ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka,
- tundra swan -U-Nesting uhlala e-tundra yase-Yuria, ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezihlala emfuleni. Abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke batholakala phakathi kwama-whoopers kanye nesidungulu esisindayo, isisindo sifinyelela ku-15 kg, kanti amaphiko - afinyelela kumamitha amabili.
Intamo ende ngosayizi ifana nobude bomzimba wenyoni, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole ukudla kusuka ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Isimo somusa kugobo ngalunye lwenze ibinzana elithi “swan intamo” isingathekiso.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseSwan
Amanzi nomoya kuyizinto ezimbili eziyinhloko zenyoni. Endizeni, ijubane lingafinyelela ku-60-80 km / h. Imisipha eqinile yokundiza ikuvumela ukuba wenze izindiza ezinde izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha aseningizimu bese ubuyela ezindaweni zawo zendabuko.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-swans akhuphuka aze afike ku-8000 m ngenxa yeplamu enhle efudumeza izinyoni. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, kuba nokulahleka okukhulu kwezimpaphe ezikhulu, ezibalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-25 kwi-swan eyodwa.
Ukuhamba phansi ngokuzethemba akuvumeli okufushane futhi akuvumelaniswa ne-paws yokuhamba. I-waddling ikhumbuza ukuhamba kwama-goose, kepha ama-swans mancane amathuba okuphuma ayokhipha umhlaba.
Ukuhlala kwama-swans eRussia kuhlanganisa izindawo ezisenyakatho nezishubile zamahlathi: ukusuka eNhlonhlo yeKola kuya eCrimea, kusuka eKamchatka kuya eCentral Asia. I-Mute swan, tundra swan ne-whooper zivamile lapha.
Zonke izinhlobo zokubhukuda ziyafuduka, zidla ubusika ogwini lolwandle olufudumele noma amachibi aseningizimu e-ice angenasisekelo. Ukubona isethi yama-swans ezindizayo ngo-Okthoba kungumbono omuhle futhi omuhle kakhulu. Phambili ungumholi onamaphiko akhe enza amandla akhethekile aerodynamic ukusekela ezinye izinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi i-flying-flying enye ehlukile nabanye.
Ukuphahlazeka kwendiza kuyadabukisa. Ukufa izinyoni ezifudukayo ayinakugwenywa, kepha amandla umthelela unjalo ukuthi ukulimala kuzoholela ekuvinjelweni kwe-liner.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-swan
Isikhathi esikhulu ama-swans asichitha emanzini amachibi amakhulu anamathanga omhlanga. Babhukuda kancane, ngokubabazekayo, ngokuzethemba. Ezindaweni ezikude, amaplamu abo amhlophe aheha abahambi njengomoya wokukhanya ebumnyameni.
Ikhanda elicwiliswe emanzini lifuna okuphakelayo lidonsa isiguqo, kuqalela umcamelo wensipho ehlekisayo emhlophe ngokukhazimulayo ngomsila omncane.
Akukho okubonakala kuphazamisa ukuzola kwabo. Kepha emvelweni, izingozi zehlela wonke umuntu. Izinkozi zegolide kanye nomfula osprey kuhlasela izinyoni eziqhoshayo. Ama-Swans angakhula ngesivinini esikhulu ziyagijima noma agijime emanzini lapho ehamba futhi eshaye ama-paws awo ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Akunakwenzeka ukubabamba ngisho esikebheni. Uma inyoni ingasuki, iyashona futhi ibhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi isengozini. AmaSwati ayaziqhenya futhi awabekezeleli omakhelwane abaseduze. Vikela insimu yabo, bangavumeli abantu bangaphandle. I-pair of swans ayithandi ukuphazamiseka.
Bangakhombisa ulaka uma othile engena endaweni ethule futhi ethandekayo. Ukukhahlela iphiko lenyoni kungaphula ingalo yomuntu, futhi uqhwaku isikhali esingeziwe. Ama-Swans ajwayele ukukhetha izindawo ezithulele nezihlala kude, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi azinze endaweni eseduze nendawo yokuhlala kwabantu.
Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuthi izinyoni zivikela futhi zidla lapha. Ukuphepha okuphelele nokududuzeka kokuphila kuphela okungabuyanisa ama-swans nomakhelwane bawo. Izazi zesayensi yezempilo yezokwelapha zaphawula ukuthi ukuthula kakhulu swans abamnyamafuthi i-cocky - in i-whiteisim swan.
Kulesi sithombe kukhona i-swan emnyama
Ukushiswa kweSwan
Izinyoni zidla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo ezitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi. Gxilisa ikhanda lakho ngaphansi kwamanzi bese uthola izimpande, isiqu, amahlumela. Kulokhu bafana namadada, nawo acwila ukudla.
Izilwane ezincane, amasele, izibungu, amagobolondo nezinhlanzi ezincane nazo ziba yisisulu sazo emanzini angajulile asogwini. Emhlabathini, bacindezela utshani, kepha bakhetha ukuba semanzini, lapho bondla khona. Kunezikhathi zesimo sezulu esibi namazinga amanzi amaningi angavumeli ukuthi uthole ukudla.
Ama-Swans ayafa yindlala futhi aphelelwa amandla kangangokuba aze angakwazi ukundiza. Kepha okunamathiselwe ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kubamba kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono. Amansundu amhlophe okunamandla kakhulu, ukwanelisa inani lokudla kufanele libe ngaphezu kwengxenye yesine yesisindo sabo. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna ukudla kuthatha indawo ebalulekile empilweni yabo.
Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kos swans
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukukhethwa kwama-swans kubabili kuphela empilweni, futhi bahlala bethembekile kumlingani.
Lesi sidleke sakhiwa ezindaweni ezikude, sigcotshwe ngomhlanga noma ngomhlanga, ngokususelwa kumafulethi ezimila konyaka kanye nezitshalo. Ubukhulu buhlaba umxhwele kufika ku-3 m ubukhulu. Ukuhlelwa kwenziwa ikakhulu ngowesifazane. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda ama-3-5, ukumisa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-40.
Iduna ligada i-swan yayo futhi lixwayise ngengozi. Uma izinyoni zishaqekile, khona-ke amaqanda embozwe nge-fluff kanye namagatsha, futhi wona uqobo azungeza ngokulindela. Ukubuyela esidlekeni kungaba ngemuva kokuhlola insimu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amahlanu, amaphuphu anezela ukunakekelwa kwabazali. I-swan – bird bird izindlalifa zibonakala zimile futhi zilungele ukudliwa.
I-Custody ihlala unyaka, umndeni we-swan uhlala uhlala ndawonye, noma amaphuphu asekhulile akulungele ukufuduka kwesizini. Ama-baby puffers adla emanzini angajulile ngokwawo, kodwa ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabazali bawo.
Owesifazane uvame ukushisa amatshwele ngaphansi kwephiko futhi amvumele ukuthi akhuphukele emhlane wakhe. Amabhungu amancane akhula kancane, afinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngeminyaka emi-4 kuphela.
Impilo yamaswing izungezwe izinganekwane, enye yazo ukuthi ziphila iminyaka eyi-150. Ukubekwa kwezinyoni nokulandelelwa ngosizo lwama-beacon kuqinisekisa isikhathi sokuphila okungenani seminyaka engama-20-25 ezimweni zemvelo.
Kepha izifundo ezinjalo zivele muva nje. Impilo ekudingisweni yenyusa iminyaka yabo ibe yiminyaka engama-30. Ngeshwa, le nyoni ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ukuhluka kwayo ukuthi ngaphezu kwempilo yemvelo, kukhona ubumnandi obukhona bemvelo besithombe se-swan.
Impilo le thanda izinyoni sisuka emlandweni okude futhi sihambisana nezwe lesintu njengamanje ngamaphupho amahle nokuvumelana. Amazwe amaningi abheka ama-swans njengezinyoni ezingcwele, izithunywa kanye nabatshengisi benhlanhla.
Izimfihlo ze-swan ziyathakazelisa, futhi inzalo ezinyoni ayikapheli. Into esemqoka ukugcina nokudlulisa lelifa elimangalisayo lemvelo ezizalweni.
I-Etymology
IsiLatini i-cygnus ubolekwe ku-Dr. I-κύκνος (empeleni igama lesiLatin elithi i-swan laliyi i-olor) Igama lesiGreek lisethulwa njenge-onomatopoietic noma elihambisana neSkt. Chofoza Iast "Izibuko, iminenga."
I- "swan" yaseRussia iqala emuva kuPraslav. * unombhalo ofana nencazelo efanayo, okufana nokuthi Dr.v.it. i-albiʒ, elbig "Swan" no-lat. albus "mhlophe".
Incazelo
Izinyoni ezinkulu noma eziphakathi nendawo. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane. Izimpiko zabamele lolu hlobo lwe-1.5-3.1 m, nesisindo singafinyelela ku-12.7-15 kg. Umzimba ngandlela-thile ukhuluphele futhi ubushelelezi. I-plumage of swans ngombala wayo, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, mhlophe noma umsulwa noma umnyama. Ama-Swans aboniswa intamo ende kakhulu futhi emincane, evumela ukuthi bahlabe phansi emanzini ajulile ukuze bathole ukudla, kanye nosayizi wabo, okuyizinyoni ezinkulu zamanzi ngazo. Izimpiko zinde futhi zibanzi. Amawashi amfushane kunalokho, ngenxa yokuthi ama-swans, ahamba emhlabathini, enza kube lula ukubona okuthile. Ezinyoni ezincane, i-plumage i-brownish-grey, imilenze imnyama. Amapayipi aminyene futhi awamanzi. Indlala ye-coccygeal ithuthukiswe kahle, ikhipha imfihlo enamafutha evikela izimpaphe ezingamnyama zempompo ukuthi ingamanzi. Ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi, ngokuya ngohlobo lwenyoni, iminyaka yalo, inkathi nobuningi bokudla, lungafinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Uqhwaku luphakanyisiwe, luyacaba futhi luhlinzekwa ngamapuleti emaphethelweni.
Izinyoni ezijwayelekile zezingane. Inzalo ikhuliswa ngabazali bobabili, ukugada kwamachwane kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-1-2 izelwe. Ukuhlanza kabili ngonyaka: ihlobo - eligcwele kanye nekwindla-ubusika - okuyingxenye. Ukuncibilika okugcwele ehlobo kuqala ngokushintsha kwezimpaphe. Inqubo igcwele ukuncibilikisa ihamba kancane. Ukushintshwa kwezimpaphe kube yizimpaphe kwizinyoni ezincane kuqala lapho zifika cishe ingxenye yobukhulu bezinyoni ezindala. Amachwane adla kwizibungu zemanzini ezahlukahlukene, ezibanjwa ngasogwini nangamanzi angajulile futhi nokudla okuncane kwezitshalo. Izinyoni ezindala, ngaphezu kwezilwane ezincane zasemanzini, zidla ngezitshalo zasemanzini. Izinyoni zigxilisa intamo yazo emanzini ezindaweni ezingashoni futhi zibambe isikhathi eside ku-silt eyodwa, zikle imbobo eyindilinga kuyo kuze kube ngu-80 cm ubukhulu, zisusa ama-rhizomes kanye namahlumela amasha ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezincane zasemanzini zibanjwa ngaphansi noma ngesilika. Ngokuvamile zondla ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019, izinhlobo ezi-6 zifakiwe kuhlobo:
- I-Black Swan ( ICygnus atratus )
- I-Swan enamakhanda amnyama ( ICygnus melanocoryphus )
- Thulisa uSwan ( I-cygnus olor )
- UTrumpeter Swan ( I-cygnus buccinator )
- I-American Swan ( ICygnus columbianus )
- ISwan Sincane ( ICygnus columbianus bewickii )
- I-Whooper Swan ( I-cygnus cygnus )
Kwesinye isikhathi bathatha ufezela nge-swan, kepha le nyoni ingeyohlobo ICoscoroba futhi, yize likhulu ngosayizi we-goose, kodwa liseduze kakhulu namadada kune-swans.
Kutholakale lezi zinsalela zezinsalela zezilwane ezilandelayo:
- † I-cygnus csakvarensis (I-Late Miocene, iHungary)
- † I-cygnus mariae (Kuqala iPliocene, e-USA)
- † I-cygnus verae (I-Pliocene yakuqala, iSofia, iBulgaria)
- † ICygnus liskunae (Middle Pliocene, entshonalanga neMongolia)
- † ICygnus hibbardi (mhlawumbe ekuqaleni kwePleistocene, Idaho, USA)
- † I-cygnus sp. (I-Pleistocene yasekuqaleni, iDursunlu, eTurkey: Louchart et al., 1998)
- † ICygnus falconeri (Middle Pleistocene, Malta kanye neSicily)
- † I-cygnus paloregonus (I-Middle Pleistocene, ugu olusentshonalanga ye-USA) - ifaka phakathi kwezimpawu "Anser" condoni futhi C. matthewi
- † I-cygnus equitum (I-Middle and Late Pleistocene, iMalta neSicily)
- † I-cygnus lacustris
- I-Whooper Swan. Ihlala emahlathini ama-tundra nama-taiga ase-Eurasia - isuka e-Iceland entshonalanga iye eSakhalin empumalanga. Yigama layo lokukhala kwamacilongo eshicilelwe nguye. Umehluko phakathi kokuzalela umbala ophuzi woqhwaku kanye nesimo sentamo. Iqondile, futhi ayigobile, njengabanye abamele. Isisindo somzimba kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-12 kg. Umbala walesi siphepho simhlophe qhwa, imilenze imnyama. Abantu abasha bampunga. Inyoni indiza phezulu - leli cala liyaziwa lapho umhlambi usukhuphukele endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-8, 200. Ama-Whoopers esidlekeni osebeni lomfula noma obhuku, ngaso sonke isikhathi ezindaweni ezifanayo.
- Thulisa. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kuma-cm angama-180. Isisindo sowesilisa ngamakhilogremu ayi-10-16, izinsikazi zinobunzima obungamakhilogremu amabili. Uqhwaku olubomvu lwenyoni luhlotshiswe ngendlu enkulu enkulu emnyama. I-swan yenza imisindo yokukhala okumangazayo. Ububanzi bungasenyakatho naseningizimu ye-Eurasia, Australia naseNingizimu Afrika. Izinyoni zihlala emaxhaphozini, amachibi amachibi namachibi okugcwala, zizama ukuhlala kude nabantu. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, isimungulu sivele siphakamise amaphiko aso, esihlukanise kwamanye amaswidi.
- UTrumpeter Swan. I-waterfowl enkulu enamapayipi amhlophe nobude bomzimba obungu-160-180 cm. Isici esinegama lalapho olunezinwele luqhwabi olukhulu olumnyama olunomugqa omude obomvana. Izwi lenyoni alikwazi ukudideka nanoma yini. Lapho ememezela ukuthathwa kwakhe, ucilongo ukhipha ukukhala okude anikine ikhanda. Manje emhlabeni kukhona 2 bird bird. Elinye liseNorth American Rockies, elinye liseningizimu ne-Alaska.
- Iqhude elimnyama. Kuhlala kuphela e-Australia. Hhayi inyoni efudukayo. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ku-130 cm, isisindo - 7 kg. I-plumage imnyama, imilenze nayo imnyama. Uqhwaku lubomvu okhanyayo, luhlotshiswe ngombala omhlophe. Iqiniso elithandekayo: intambo enezimpaphe iqukethe ama-vertebrae angama-31, enikeza inyoni ithuba lokuthola ukudla kujule ngaphansi kwamanzi.
- I-swan yaseMelika. Ummeleli omncane kakhulu wezinhlobo. Isidumbu, esimbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, sifinyelela ku-140 cm. Isisindo - 4-9 kg, amaphiko - sifinyelela ku-190 cm. Impilo yommeleli wohlobo lweMelika lwenzeka emahlathini ase-tundra aseMelika engafinyeleleki. Flocks overwinter ogwini lolwandle iPacific ne-Atlantic Ocean.
- I-swan emnyama. Ubude benyoni bungama-120-140 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-6.5 kg. Isici esibonakalayo sokubhaliwe imvelo yeplamu. Umzimba wenyoni umhlophe, nenhloko nentamo kupende mnyama. Amehlo ahlukaniswe umugqa omhlophe. Eqhweni elimnyama elingwevu ukukhula okukhulu okubomvu. I-swan enamachaphaza amnyama ivamile eSouth America - isuka eChile iye eziqhingini zaseFalkland. Ihlala ogwini lwamachibi, ukubhukuda nasezindongeni zasolwandle. Ngokubusika, izinyoni zindizela enyakatho yeParaguay.
- I-swan encane. Ukubukeka kufana ne-whooper. Ubude bomzimba bungu-11-16cm cm, isisindo - cishe ama-6.3 kg. Umbala weplamu mhlophe. UBill umnyama, uphuzi ezansi. I-swan encane ihlala kuphela emahlathini e-tundra eRussia. Kukhona inani labantu basentshonalanga nabasempumalanga. Esokuqala sinezidleke endaweni yaseYamal naseTaimyr, esesibili - ehlathini-tundra yesigodi somfula iYenisei.
- izimpande
- ezingaphansi kwamanzi kwezitshalo
- ama-rhizomes
- char kanye ne-algae ehlanzekile.
- ama-tundra swans adla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-amphibians nezitshalo, izidleke zamaxhaphozi aseKola Peninsula naseChukotka.
- ama-whooper akhetha ugu olusembozwe ngomhlanga lwamachibi afudumele futhi amakhulu, olwandle, abamba ama-algae kanye nama-invertebrates amancane kuwo.
- I-Mute swan idla ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks kanye nezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ziwafuna kumachibi aseYurophu nase-Asia.
- Icilongo lithanda amachibi angajulile enkabeni nasenyakatho Melika, lidla imifino engaphansi kwamanzi kanye nama-mollusks.
- I-American swan ifana ne-New World Forest-tundra, lapho ihlala khona emabhange akwele imifula, amachibi, amachibi futhi ayidli izitshalo nezilwane zasemanzini kuphela, kepha futhi nokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu emasimini.
- ama-swans anezinwele ezimnyama ahlala eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eChile nasePatagonia, ebusika eBrazil futhi angadli izitshalo nezilwane zasemanzini kuphela, kepha nezinambuzane.
- i-swan emnyama ihlala e-Australia naseziqhingini eziseduze, ekhetha izindawo zokugcina ezintsha nezingashoni, kungumbona wezitshalo.
- Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi impilo yenyoni enomusa ihlala iminyaka eyi-150. Vele, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa yi-ornithologists, endle, izinyoni ziphila iminyaka engu-19-25, ekuthunjweni - kuze kufike ku-30.
- Umbala we-plumage of swans uncike endaweni nakwisimo sezulu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuzoba ophuzi noma ampunga, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho kuzoba mhlophe.
- Isibalo sezimpaphe kumuntu omdala zingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25.
- Ama-swans amnyama kwesinye isikhathi anokuziphatha kobungqingili. Imibhangqwana enjalo idinga insikazi kuphela yokuzalela. Ngemuva kokuba insikazi ibekele amaqanda, iyaxoshwa esidlekeni.
- Owesilisa omkhulu uyakwazi ukushaya iphiko ukuphula amathambo engalo yomuntu noma abulale isilo esincane.
- I-Mute swan iwuphawu lukazwelonke lweDenmark, whooper - Finland.
- Ngekhulu le-XII, umndeni wasebukhosini waseNgilandi wasungula okuwukuphela kwelungelo lokubhukuda.Manje zonke izinyoni zaseThames zingezobukhosi bakhe.
- EGrisi yasendulo, iMilky Way yayibizwa ngokuthi umgwaqo iSwan. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwukuhlangana kokuhlangana kwendawo yomthala nokuqondisa kwemihlambi yezinyoni ngesikhathi indiza ibuya endaweni ebusika.
ISwan Sincane ( ICygnus columbianus bewickii )
Swans and man
Esintwini, ama-swans aqukethe ubuhle, ezothando, uphawu lokuzalwa kabusha, ubumsulwa, ubukhosi nokuhlakanipha, okubangelwa ukwakheka komzimba wabo omuhle, amandla endiza nokubhukuda, kanye nokushada nomuntu oyedwa.
UWhoperoper wamemezela inyoni yesizwe yaseFinland. IMute swan iyinyoni yesizwe yaseDenmark. IBlack Swan isifanekiselo saseNtshonalanga Australia, isiqubulo sayo esithi “I-cygnis insignis”(“ Umthwali We-Swan ”).
E-UK, izingulube eziyizimungulu ziyimpahla yendlovukazi, futhi ngamalungu omndeni wasebukhosini kuphela avunyelwe ukudla izingulube.
I-swan kwesinye isikhathi ibhekwa njengophawu lukaMartin Luther. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, umgucuki wezinguquko uJan Hus ngesikhathi kushiswa uthe: "Namuhla uthambisa ihansi, kepha kuzokhuphuka ihlathi elivela emlotheni, kepha ngeke ulichithe." I-swan yayivame ukuboniswa kumdwebo wamaLuthere, ezincwadini zezincwadi, ngezinye izikhathi ekuhlobiseni okuhle kakhulu. Kuyabonakala nasezihlahleni zamanye amasonto amaLuthere, ngokwesibonelo, edolobheni laseJalimane iMonschau.
Ukuzingela kwe-Swan kuvame ukwenqatshelwa lapho i-subspecies ethile isesimweni sokuqothulwa. Inhloso eyinhloko yokuzingela i-swan fluff. Ngokusho komlobi womzingeli uS. T. Aksakov (1852), inyama ye-swan "inzima kangangokuba, yize ibilokhu ithambisa izinsuku ezimbili, bekunzima ukuhlafuna", futhi ukunambitheka "kwakubukeka kungathi yi-goose yasendle, kepha i-goose ithambile kakhulu, i-juicier ne-tastier ".
Noma kunjalo, ngofakazi bokuzibonela, ezikhathini zasendulo eRussia babedla ngokubhukuda okugazingiwe, futhi lesi sidlo sithathwa njengesiwusizo.
Nansi indlela isikhulu sezwe lase-Austrian uSigismund Herberstein, okuthe kabili (ngonyaka we-1517 nowe-1526) wavakashela iGrand Duchy yaseMoscow, uwuchaza kanjani lo mkhosi ku-Amanothi kuMuscovy (1546):
“Abakwa-stolniki baphuma bayodla, baletha i-vodka, eyayiphuza njalo amaMuscov ekuqaleni kwesidlo sasemini, bese beyigoqana amashuni, okuthi ngezinsuku zenyama bavame ukwenza izivakashi njengezifundo zokuqala. Abathathu babo babekwe phambi kwenkosi, yabakhanda ngommese ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okungcono futhi okungcono kunabanye, wabe eseyalela ukuthi basuswe. Ndawonye, bashiya umnyango masinyane. Kwakunetafula lokusika ukudla eduze komnyango wendlu yokudlela, lapho kwakukhona khona amaseshi, ebeka amaphiko amane noma imilenze emine esitsheni ngasinye ... Lapho siqala ukudla amaswidi agazingiwe, ayewubeka ngeviniga, engeza usawoti kanye nopelepele kuwo (lokhu isetshenziswa njenge-sauce noma i-gravy). Ngenhloso efanayo, ubisi olunoshukela lwalulethwa, kanye no-ukhukhamba, kanye nama-plums aphekwe ngendlela efanayo. ”
"Kusukela osukwini lukaPetrov, odla inyama uyiswa etafuleni: izingulule, ama-giblets of swans, cranes, herons ..." - kubikwe eSahlukweni 64 se- “Domostroy” (ngo-1550).
AmaSwayi ayedonswa “nge-topeschiki,” okusho ukuthi, kukalwe kusikwa i-kalacha ibhotela elicibilikile, bese kuthi “i-swan offal” ngaphansi “kokuqhuma kwethusi,” kwesinye isikhathi kube nenyama ebilisiwe noma ngamakhekhe.
Ngokusho kobufakazi bukaPeter Petreus de Erlezunda, isithunywa senkosi yaseSweden uCharles IX (1604-1611), "uma kungekho zimbambo ezosiwe etafuleni, umniniyo akanakho ukuhlonishwa okukhulu" kanye nezivakashi, ezingalungiselwanga ukwamukela kwakhe lesi sidlo somkhosi.
Ku- "Mural of the Tsar's Foods" - uhlu lwezitsha ezinikezwe ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene etafuleni le-tsar, lwenzelwe inkosana yasePoland uVladislav, okhethwe i-tsar yaseMoscow ngo-1610 ukumazi ngemiyalo yenkantolo yaseMoscow.
"Ngosuku olukhulu, i-Emperor yakhonzwa ngotshani abathathu, neziphambano ezintathu kuzo zokucasha, kuzo izifutho eziyishumi nambili zikafulawa, izingcezu zamaqanda ezingama-60, nokwenziwa ngalezo zibambo"
Igalari: ISwan bird (izithombe ezingama-25)
Inyoni yeSwan. Swan yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inyoni yasebukhosini. Imvamisa umbuso noma inkosi iyabanikazi bomhlaba, izikhali, amabhizinisi. INdlovukazi yaseBrithani yaqhubekela phambili. Inhloko yaseNgilandi nayo inezinyoni, futhi ikakhulukazi izingulule. Ngakho-ke, e-UK abathinti umunwe wabo, besaba ukungena endaweni yempahla yenkosi. Kungani ama-swans ayefanelwe inhlonipho enjalo?
Izinhlobo zama-swans
Swan esithombeni ubude bawo buphakathi futhi bukhulu, bumnyama futhi bukhanya, bhibheli elibomvu noma liphuzi. Umehluko kungenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo. Kunama-subtypes ayisikhombisa angama-7:
1. ITundra. Ibizwa ngenye indlela encane, ngoba encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezihlobo. Le nyoni inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-6. Izimpiko zesilwane zingamasentimitha ayi-110. Kufakwe konke okumhlophe. Imilomo yenyoni iphuzi; ayifinyeleli emaphethelweni omkhondo wamakhala.
2. Whooper. Imilomo yayo ephuzi iyaphakama, ifinyelela emakhaleni. I-Whooper inesisindo esisuka ku-7 kuye ku-14 kilogramu. Izimpiko ezinamaphiko zinamasentimitha angama-270. Uma kungenye izinhlobo zama-swans ukubekezelela ukubanda, khona-ke ama-whoopers athanda ukushisa, ahlala kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Umbala wesilwane umhlophe.
3. Thulisa. Futhi imhlophe qhwa, kepha ekhanda nasentanyeni kukhona i-ocher plaque. Inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-14. Izimpiko zesikhonkwane zifinyelela amasentimitha angama-240. Le nyoni inomlomo obomvu, kanti i-elytra yayo imnyama.
4. Icilongo. Kuyinto i-swan emhlophe. Njenge-swan esisimungulu, ine-plaque e-buffy entanyeni nasekhanda. Kodwa-ke, uqhwaku olunezinwele lumnyama mpela futhi amakhilogremu ambalwa anesisindo esingaphansi.
5. Isiyama saseMelika. Unekhanda eliyindilinga ukwedlula abanye abamele uhlobo lohlobo nentambo emfushane. I-swan yaseMelika inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10. I-mandible yenyoni iphuzi ngokugqamile, ifinyelela emakhaleni, kufana ne-whoper.
6. Inyosi enamakhanda amnyama. Kakhulu ngokulingana kune-tundra. Imvamisa, isisindo sesilwane singamakhilogremu ayi-6.5-7. Umzimba onemibala emhlophe, nentamo, njengoba negama lisho, umnyama. Imilomo yezinhlobo ibomvu.
7. Iqhude elimnyama. Inyoni umnyama ngokuphelele, futhi umlomo wakhe ubomvu ngokuphelele. Isisindo sesilwane sincane, njengasezinhlotsheni ezinomzimba omnyama. Iphiko lensimbi elinamaphiko lingamamitha amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi kumaswidi ayakhiwa. Umbala noma usayizi wezinsikazi awufani nowesilisa. Ekugcineni, ngendlela, kungakhombisa ukwethembeka kobungqingili. Isibonelo, abesilisa abamnyama kwesinye isikhathi bajoyina ngababili, baxosha owesifazana obeke amaqanda esidlekeni. Abesilisa uqobo bayabopha futhi bakhulise inzalo.
Buka futhi ndoda
Ezinsukwini zakudala, izinyoni zazizingelwa ngenkuthalo - inyama ye-swan ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi, i-swan fluff nayo yaziswa kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuzingela okunonya nokungenaxhala kube yinto engavamile kakhulu, ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo kwezohwebo. Ukuzingela amaswidi kwakuvinjelwe ngokuphelele e-USSR ngeminyaka. - inyoni enokuthula futhi ethambisa kalula, ngakho-ke ihlala igcinwa kwizindawo zokuhlala noma, izondla njalo, ezindaweni ezivulekile emapaki. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseYurophu, izinkukhu zondliwa ngenkuthalo, futhi abathengisi bezikepe lapho sebeye bacishe baba ngabasekhaya. Ukuzondla okusanhlamvu okufanele kungasindisa ama-swans endlala ngesikhathi sasebusika. Ekupheleni kweminyaka ye-19 - ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, indlala nokuhlaselwa kwaqothulwa ngokuphelele eBelarus, kepha yabe isibuyiselwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha kwezinyoni ezazigcinwe ePoland naseLithuania. E-UK kukhona impahla yeNdlovukazi, iNdlovukazi yaseGreat Britain inabanini abangaphezu kwalezi-20,000 zalezi zinyoni. EDenmark - olunye lwezimpawu zezwe. AmaSwans, njengamanye ama-waterfowl, ahlushwa ukukhiqizwa komuntu okulula kwe-hydrocarbons, kusuka ekuvuthweni kawoyela kawoyela kaphethiloli, bese efa kabuhlungu, efika ngesikhathi izindiza ziya ezimbizeni zikawoyela nophethiloli.
Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala
Kusatshalaliswa enyakatho ye-Eurasia kusuka engxenyeni eseningizimu yeScandinavia (eseningizimu neSweden) kuya kumachibi aseKazakhstan, iMongolia, Primorsky Krai naseChina. Yonke indawo ukuzingela nokuzingela okungalinganiseli sekuyivelakancane impela, ukungabikho ezindaweni eziningi. Kepha abantu bakhule ngempumelelo ezifundeni ezintsha zalolu hlobo: eNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Kutholakala ezindaweni eziyizithulu, ezimbalwa izindawo ezivakashelwa ngumuntu: amachibi nezixhaxha ezikhule ngezimbali zasemanzini, kwesinye isikhathi ezixhaphozini.
Ukubukeka
Inyoni enkulu emhlophe qhwa iqhwa, izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izingulube naphakathi kwayo yonke imibuzo. Uma uhlolwa eduze, umuntu omdala ukhombisa ukukhula okumsundu (inhlama) ebunzini ngaphezulu kwesisekelo somlomo. Kwabesilisa abadala, lokhu kukhula okumnyama kukhulu kunakulabesifazane. Imnyama futhi iyisisekelo sogwaku, i-apex yayo (umgibeli) kuze kube semakhaleni, izimbobo zangasemakhaleni nasemaphethelweni wokusikwa komlomo, nolunye lonke uqhwaku, ngaphandle kwethephu elimnyama lomlomo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-marigold.
Amehlo, izinyawo, iminwe nolwelwesi phakathi kweminwe kumnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo: ngesikhathi sokuziphatha okuvikelayo, inyoni iphakamisa futhi igobe amaphiko ayo ngaphezulu kwangemuva layo, ibambe intamo yayo emuva futhi yenze imisindo yokukhala okumnandi (eyathola igama layo lesiRussia). Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, obunjwe ngo-S ugoba intamo ngaphambili bese uthambisa uqhwaku lwamanzi. Imigwaqo engemuva i-angular, inyoni ngesikhathi sokubhukuda nasemhlabeni ivame ukuphakamisa amaphiko ayo ngaphezulu kwangemuva. Isisindo sabantu besifazane sifinyelela ku-6 kg, nabesilisa - kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-13 kg. Ngobude, umzimba wenyoni endala ungafinyelela ku-180 cm, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-240. Amachwane ambozwe nge-fluff, umlomo wawo unombala.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi
Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi esemanzini, kepha lapho engaphazamiseki, kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ifika ogwini. AmaSwidi axazulula zombili izidumbu zamanzi ezinosawoti neziseduze. I-swan ihlala ilala ezindaweni ezifile zezidumbu zamanzi kumakhaphethi ezivela kuma-rhizomes ahlanganisiwe wezitshalo zasemanzini (amashalofu) nasemhlanga. Ezinye izinyoni ziyabekezelela ngesizotha futhi kwesinye isikhathi zihlala eduze kwezidleke zempunga ezimpunga. Ingakha amakoloni noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixazulule ngokuqinile ngawodwana. Uma inyoni ingaphazamiseki, khona-ke ihlala isondele ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala kuze kufike ithuba lokugcina, futhi indiza kuphela lapho izidumbu zamanzi zibanda ngokuphelele. Kepha, njengomthetho, ukusuka kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba enyakatho, kanti ngo-Okthoba - Novemba ezindaweni eziseningizimu yebanga. Bahlala echibini nakwamanye amachibi amakhulu aseCentral Asia, futhi bathuthela ezindaweni eziningi baye oLwandle lwe-Azov kanye nolwandle Olumnyama, ogwini olusempumalanga nolusentshonalanga loLwandle lweCaspian kude naseningizimu bese befika e-Afrika, iMedithera, iTurkey, iPalestine, iPhalamende lase-Arabia, i-Iran, i-Afghanistan, ngisho naseNdiya. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ezindiza ubusuku nemini, zingabonakala ngokukhala okhethekile kwamaphiko awo. Umhlambi uyandizela, uvaleleke emugqeni onqabile, izintamo ziyelulwa, ukukhala ekundizeni kuyisithulu futhi kubhixekile.
Ebusika bahlala ngababili, imindeni, kwesinye isikhathi ngamaphakethe. Lapho, amantshontsho asemncane aneminyaka emine ubudala ajwayelana nabalingani bawo futhi angena emishadweni yomshado impilo yonke. Ezindaweni ezifudumele zingahlala zixazululwe.
Njengazo zonke izinyoni, amaswidi avuselela amapayipi awo: izimpaphe ezindala ziyaphuma, ezintsha ziyakhula. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ama-swans molt kabili ngonyaka. Ehlobo, cishe kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, kwenzeka i-molt ephelele. Ngesikhathi sokugcwala okugcwele ehlobo, izimpiko nezimbozi zephiko ziyaphuma kanti i-swan ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, amadada amane anakekela izingane, ngakho-ke ukulahleka kwekhono lokundiza akuvumeli abazali ukuthi bahlukane nezingane lapho bekhathazekile. Ngemuva kwalokho zonke izimpaphe ezindala ezindala ziwela ngaphandle, kodwa ezintsha zikhula ngasikhathi sinye. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zikhula kungakapheli inyanga, inyoni ibuye ikwazi ukundiza. Ingxenye yesibili yesolt yenzeka ekwindla kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube nguJanuwari, ngokushintshana okuguqukayo kwezimpaphe ze-contour nezinamandla. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka ekwindla nje, amaswidi ayabaleka, kanti umolt uqala ekhaya, uphele ezindaweni zobusika. umbala we-plumage ushintshwa ngokuphelele emhumeni osemusha kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, futhi ama-swans abe ngabantu abadala.
Ukudla okunempilo nokudla okuphakelayo
Iyondla, njengawo wonke amaswidi, ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwamanzi zezitshalo: izimpande, ama-rhizomes kanye namahlumela, okushunqa ezindaweni ezincane ngemilomo yazo, futhi kuyidle kanye nama-invertebrates okukuwo: ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Ukuthola ukudla emanzini, i-swan ifika ilungele intamo ende, ekuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izitshalo ekujuleni okungama-70-90 cm. Imvamisa, ukubhukuda kwehlisa hhayi kuphela intamo, kepha futhi nangaphambi komzimba omude, ukudonsa ngaphezulu futhi kube nkqo emanzini, njengamadada. Ama-tick feed asheshe aqhamuke izingxenye zezitshalo. Ebusika, ukudla kuyizinhlobonhlobo ze-algae. Ezindaweni ezijulile, esimweni sezulu esinevunguvungu nangesikhathi sokunyuka kwezinga lamanzi, ama-swans awakwazi ukondla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, bayalamba futhi kwesinye isikhathi baba buthakathaka kuze kube yilapho bephelelwa amandla okundiza. Emhlabeni, ama-swans adla amaqabunga nembewu yezinhlamvu. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi ama-swans ayondliwa isinkwa; isistimu yawo yokugaya ukudla ayishintshiwe yokudla okunjalo. Ama-Swans, ondla isinkwa esigcotshwe emanzini, avame ukugula futhi afe. Kepha ukondla okusanhlamvu okusobala kungasindisa ama-swans endlala ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Izinhlobo zezinsundu kanye nezimpawu zazo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-7 ezifanayo ezihlobene komunye nomunye kwindlela yokuphila.
Vocalization
Lapho indiza, ikhala ibuthuntu futhi iyabhokisa, futhi izimpaphe zayo ezindizayo ziveza isigqi esinesigqi, esizwakalayo ngamamitha ayikhulu. I-swan iqala ukuvela ngokuxhamazela, izivikela ezilwaneni nezinye izilwane ezihlaselayo ngenkathi ivikela indawo yayo yokuzalanisa. Lapho bekhulumisana, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinsikazi zamadoda zikhipha ubumnandi obuphansi, imisindo emincane econsayo ethi “kgiyurr”, kanye ne- “kiorr” yabesifazane. Ama-swans enza imisindo ekhethekile ngemuva kokuphela komshado.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo
Ama-Swans ngokuvamile (ngaphandle kwalapho omunye "womlingani" ebulewe noma ebanjiwe) akha imibhangqwana eneminyaka emine yempilo yonke. Kepha ukushushiswa okuqinile kwemindeni yale ndoda kuyaqhekeka, abesilisa abaningi abangashadile abazama ukuxosha izintokazi ngababili abakhethiwe. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, kubhekwana nokushayisana phakathi kwabesilisa, okushaya kakhulu, kodwa umuntu wangaphandle uvame ukuxoshwa.
Amalungu alo mbhangqwana andizela ndawonye ezindaweni ezinendawo yokwakha izidleke, lapho kuhlala khona indawo yawo ogwini lolwandle. Isikhathi sokudlekwa kwezindlu siqala ngoMashi, kanti amachibi anogu olunamanzi okugcwala nendawo enkulu yamanzi avulekile akhethelwa izidleke. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, wonke amaswidi angabona okukhona nokuziphatha kwamanje.
ukubhukuda eduze komunye nomunye, owesilisa uphakamisa amaphiko awo futhi awase ezinhlangothini, kanye nowesifazane kuvame ukuphonsa ikhanda lakhe emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa, esondela kowesimame, ubhokisa intamo yakhe neyakhe. Ngemuva kwemidlalo emide, insikazi ifakwa emanzini ngokuphelele ukuze kuphela ikhanda nentamo yakhe kubonakale. Kuleli qophelo, ukuvela kwemvelo kwenzeka. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kuvela izinyoni, zenze imisindo ekhethekile yokucindezela bese ucindezela amabele zazo zibhekane, bese ugeza uhlahle izimpaphe.
Ngemuva kwalokho izinsikazi zakha izidleke ezinkulu eduze kwamanzi noma emihlangeni emanzini angajulile amachibi nemifula, kude nendawo yokuhlala kwabantu, futhi izinsikazi zigada indawo ezungeze isidleke sowesifazane esakhiwa, zenze imisindo yokuhlokoma lapho ezinye swans noma abantu besondela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banolaka olukhulu, banesibindi sokuhlasela abantu nezikebhe uma besondela esidlekeni. I-swan yowesifazane ihlala yakhela isidleke sayo ngokuzimela kusuka ezingxenyeni zomhlanga wangonyaka odlule nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Ngobubanzi, isidleke sifinyelela ku-110 cm, ukuphakama kufinyelela kuma-75 cm, kepha kwezinye izikhathi, lapho isidleke sakhiwe kupopayi wama-rhizomes wezitshalo zasemanzini (ukufafaza), ububanzi baso bungafinyelela kumamitha ama-4, kanti ukuphakama kwawo kungu-1 m!
Swans zivame esidlekeni amabanga amakhulu ebhangqa, kodwa kwezinye izindawo izidleke zingasondela komunye nomunye. Lapho isidleke sesivele sakhiwe, insikazi ibeka phansi ugqoko wayo oyisicaba emfucumfucwini, ikhipha lawo mafutha esifubeni.
Kwabesifazane abasebasha, inani lamaqanda lingaphansi kokudla esidlekeni iminyaka eminingi, futhi okokuqala ngqa ukwakha isidleke soshizi, kuneqanda elilodwa kuphela. Izinsikazi ezindala zibekela amaqanda ama-5-8. Ngokuthabisako, umbala wamaqanda uyaguquka ngokukhula kombungu ukusuka ekupheleni kokufakwa ngaphakathi. Owesifazane oyedwa kuphela ofaka izinsuku ezingaba ngu-35, owesilisa useduze, amqaphe. Lapho ekhathazekile, owesilisa ukhipha izwi, insikazi, imboza amaqanda ngezindwangu ezansi nezidleke, indiza iqonde ngemuva kowesilisa. Owesifazane uphethe isembozo esifanayo sokubumba lapho evuka esidlekeni ukuze adle. Iduna ezimweni ezinjalo kwesinye isikhathi lihlala ezidlekeni ngaphezulu kwento esemboza amaqanda. Ukubuyela esidlekeni, insikazi kuqala iguqula amaqanda, bese ihlala phezu kwayo. Esimweni sokufa kokukhanywa kokuqala, okwesibili kuqukethe amaqanda angadluli kumabili. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, amaphuphu abonwa nawomahamba nendlwana ambozwe nge-fluff aphuma emaqanda, ahambisana nonina emanzini futhi azondla yedwa. Ngalesi sikhathi nje, insikazi iqala ukuncibilika futhi ilahlekelwe amandla okundiza inyanga yonke. Izingane zihlala zigibela emhlane kanina. Umama unakekela amaphuphu, awathwale emhlane afudumele umzimba wakhe ngemfudumalo, kepha bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekunakekeleni nasekunikezeleni kwezingane izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu. Wonke umndeni ubuthana ebusuku esidlekeni. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu, ama-swans azimele.
Izindawo zokugcina izintokazi zihamba kuphela lapho abasha benyukela ephikweni, oluthi kwezinye izindawo luhlangane lapho kuqala ikwindla nokubanda nesithwathwa. Imvamisa, noma sebefundile ukundiza, amantshontsho amancane awashiyi abazali bawo futhi abaleke nawo wonke umndeni aye eningizimu. Ngaseningizimu yebanga, lapho bahlala khona nezidleke zangaphambili, baphoqeleka ukuba bandize isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokuzingela okukhulu.
Isilwane eMoses Zoo
E-zoo yaseMoscow aqukethe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zikubekezelela kahle ukudingiswa, ziphila isikhathi eside futhi zizale ngempumelelo. Bona, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-waterfowl, bangabonakala e-Big Pond ye-zoo.
Ama-Swans akha izidleke zoo ogwini, bezama ukukhetha indawo eseceleni yalokhu. Ehlobo ungabona ukuthi bazinakekela ngokucophelela kangakanani izingane zabo, ungavumeli ezinye izinyoni nabantu basondele.
Ama-Swans, njengamanye ama-waterfowl, anikezwa ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, amabele, ukolweni, i-oatmeal. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza amakhambi amasha kanye nemifino: izaqathi ezihlanganisiwe neklabishi. Izinyoni zeklabishi zidinga okuqukethwe kwesibabule kuyo, okunomthelela ekukhuleni kwezimpaphe.
Ebusika, ama-swans abekezelela kahle, ngenani elanele lokuphakelayo, izinyoni azibandi.Kumakhaza amakhulu eqhweni lechibi, kubekwa udoti ngaphandle ukuze izinyoni zihlale hhayi eqhweni, kodwa kudoti. Baphinde babeka uthango oluncane lwamapulangwe, lapho izinyoni zingaphephela khona umoya.
Incazelo ye-Swan
AmaSwiss amele ama -fowfowl amakhulu, okungeka "amadada" omndeni kanye ne-oda "anseriformes". Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa kuphela zezinyoni ezinjalo ezasala eMhlabeni, nezinhlobo eziyi-10 zaphela. Kuyavela ukuthi kwakukhona cishe izinhlobo eziyi-17, ezinye zazo ezanyamalala, futhi, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komuntu. AmaSwidi ahlukaniswa futhi nokuthi anombala ohlukile weplamu, ohlanganisa imibala emhlophe, emnyama nengwevu.
Whooper
Kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalezi zinyoni eziyingqayizivele. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo ifinyelela engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, isuka e-Iceland iya eSakhalin. Ngasikhathi sinye, imingcele yaseningizimu iyaphela ekuphethweni kwamaphethelo aseMongolia, kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho zeJapan. Ngenkathi indiza, inyoni yakha imisindo ekhethekile, okuyizimpawu zalolu hlobo. Imisindo iphakeme kakhulu futhi izwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngombala omhlophe weqhwa, ocebile ku-fluff. Uqhwakulezi swans has a lime yellow hue, enepipi elimnyama. Lenhlobo ngenkathi isemanzini ayigobi intamo yayo njengezinye izinhlobo, kodwa iyayibamba iqonde.
Thulisa
Kuyahluka kulokho. Lokho kugcina intamo yayo inhlobo yegama "S", yize ifana yangaphandle ne-whooper. I-Mute swan inkulu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-whooper. Kulokhu, intamo yakhe ibonakala iminyene futhi imfushane, ikakhulukazi kude. Ngenkathi indiza, i-swan eyisimungulu ayenzi msindo omkhulu, kepha ukunyakaza kwamaphiko ayo amakhulu futhi aqinile, asika emoyeni ngomsindo ovelele, kuyabonakala.
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Le nyoni yathola igama laso ngenxa yokuthi uma kwenzeka iba nengozi, lapho othile ezama ukusondela kuyo, ikhipha owesikayo.
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo inwebeke kakhulu, ngoba i-liz swan yisimungulu ingatholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, ezindaweni eziseningizimu nezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-swans asezimungulu ayatholakala eningizimu yeSweden, eDenmark, ePoland, empumalanga yeMongolia nasentshonalanga yeChina. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nalezi zinyoni ngokwemvelo, ngoba ziqashile futhi azethembi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nabantu.
UTrumpeter swan
Le nhlobonhlobo ayihlukile kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni, kepha ifana yangaphandle ne-whooper swan, yize iphawuleka ngokuba nomlomo cishe omnyama ngokuphelele. Ama-Trumpeter abhekwa njengezinyoni ezinkulu impela, ezinesisindo okungenani esingu-12.5 kg nobude bomzimba aze afike kwengxenye yemitha, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Indawo abahlala kuyo ifinyelela kwi-tundra yaseNyakatho Melika. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zingamachibi, amakhulu nemincane, kanye nemifula enegesi esibuthakathaka.
I-swan encane
I-swan encane ithanda izidleke ezwekazini lase-Euro-Asia, kwi-tundra. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-tundra, futhi itholakala endaweni enkulu, kusukela eNhlonhlo yeKola futhi iphetha ngeKolyma. Ngokwemvelo, umehluko wayo ulele eqinisweni lokuthi lokhu okuhlukahlukene kunosayizi abancane abancane. Ngakho-ke ubude bawo bomzimba buqala ku-114 kuya ku-126 cm, futhi anesisindo esingu-5-6 kg kuphela. I-swan encane yenza umsindo ocishe ufane ne-whoper swan, kepha ayinamandla futhi iphansi ithoni. Uqhwaku lwenyoni ucishe waba mnyama, ngaphandle kwengxenye engenhla, ephuzi. Le nyoni ithanda ama-expans amakhulu amanzi, kepha ezindaweni ezisehlathini ayenzeki.
I-swan yaseMelika
Ifana ne-swan encane, kepha ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu (kufinyelela ku-145 cm), futhi intamo incanyana futhi imfishane. Uqhwaku luphinde lube mnyama, yize engxenyeni engenhla ungabona amabala aphuzi ambalwa akhiwe ezinhlangothini.
Iqiniso elibalulekile! Amaswidi aseMelika ahlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi anezindebe zawo iphethini elihlukile nelingakheki, njengezigxivizo zeminwe kubantu.
Muva nje, la maphentshi ayehlala i-tundra yaseNyakatho Melika, kepha kulezi zinsuku inani labo labantu lehlile kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni ebusika phezu kogu loLwandle iPacific, kuze kufike esifundeni saseCalifornia, nangasogwini lwe-Atlantic, kuze kufike esifundeni saseFlorida. Le nhlobonhlobo iyatholakala nasendaweni yaseRussia, okuyi-Anadyr, Chukotka nase-Commander Islands.
Imnyama
Le nhlobonhlobo ibonakala cishe ngombala omnyama wethafa elingenhla, kuyilapho izimpaphe zangaphakathi zingaba mhlophe, njengezimpaphe zamaphiko asezimpikweni. Njengomthetho, zihlala zikhanya ngokusebenzisa izimpaphe ezingaphezulu, okunikeza isithombe sangemuva elivamile lempunga. Uma usondela futhi ubheka ngokucophelela, ungabona imicu emincane econsayo emhlophe ngemuva engemuva elimnyama. Ama-laps of a swan emnyama nawo amnyama, kanti uqhwaku lubomvu ngokugqamile, futhi emaphepheni alo okuthile okufana nendandatho emhlophe ebanzi.
Le nhlobonhlobo ingusayizi ophakathi, ngoba ifinyelela kubude obungadluli ku-140 cm, futhi isisindo sawo singeqi kumakhilogremu ayi-8. Intamo yedada elimnyama yinde impela, enama-vertebrae angaphezu kwesithathu. Ama-swans amnyama ayakwazi ukwenza umsindo wecilongo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Izindawo abahlala kuzo zemvelo zitholakala e-Australia naseTasmania. Uma sikhuluma ngeYurophu neNyakatho Melika, khona-ke lapha lezi zinyoni zitholakala njengezinyoni zasendle eziqukethwe endaweni yokubhuka noma emapaki.
I-swan emnyama
Umehluko omkhulu umbala ohlukile wenyoni. Ikhanda nentamo yesile kupende mnyama, kanti izingxenye zomzimba ezisele zimhlophe qhwa. Eduze kwamehlo kuyisiqa esimhlophe esimhlophe. Uqhwakulezi zibhulukwe lubonakala njengompunga omnyama, ngokukhula okubomvu okukhanyayo ezansi. Njengomthetho, imilenze iyakhanya epinki. Indawo abahlala kuyo ifinyelela naseNingizimu Melika, kufaka phakathi neChile bese ifinyelela eTierra del Fuego. Lezi zinyoni ebusika eParaguay naseBrazil.
Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo
Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda izindawo ezifudumele zokwenza izidleke, futhi bambalwa kuphela abathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ama-swans atholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, e-Afrika, kanye nasenyakatho neNingizimu Melika. E-Russia, ama-swans angatholakala ngaphezulu endaweni ye-tundra, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ehlathini-tundra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele eseningizimu yendawo yabo ihlotshaniswa neNhlonhlo yeKola neCrimea, kanye neNhlonhlo yeKamchatka ne-Asia Ephakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Izinhlobo ezinjenge-whoper kanye nesisulu esiyisimungulu zithathwa njengegugu likazwelonke kwamanye amazwe. Esimweni sokuqala, leli yiFinland, kanti elesibili kube yiDenmark. Ama-switan switan eNgilandi amelela impahla yeNdlovukazi uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama yalezi swans ivunyelwe ukudliwa kuphela ngumndeni wasebukhosini.
Njengomthetho, ama-swans akhetha ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwamanzi amachibi amakhulu, osebeni lawo agqunywe ngomhlanga noma ezinye izimila zasemanzini. Zingabonakala emaphethelweni olwandle, uma kunemibhede yomhlanga eduze. Uma abantu bengazixoshi lezi zinyoni futhi baziphathe ngenhlonipho, bavele bame emizimbeni yamanzi eseduze kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-swans athathwa njengezinyoni ezifudukayo, angahlala kalula ebusika uma kunezindawo ezingenawo amanzi eqhweni.
Ukudla Kwamaswidi
Ama-Swans ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, yize isisekelo sokudla kwazo kungukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni. Faka amakhanda abo emanzini, ngenxa yentamo yabo ende, bathola izimpande zezitshalo, iziqu zazo kanye namahlumela amancane. Uma ngalesi sikhathi uphatha ukubamba isele, uthole izibungu, izimbotshana noma ukubamba inhlanzi encane, khona-ke i-swan ngeke yenqabe. Lapho lezi zinyoni ziphuma emanzini zingena emhlabeni, khona-ke, njengama-goose, ama-swans angakhonkotha utshani.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ama-swans amhlophe athathwa njenganobuhlakani obukhulu, ngoba angadla ukudla okuningi kakhulu ngosuku kangangokuthi lokhu kungamaphesenti angama-25 esisindo enyoni ngokwayo.
Njengomthetho, kuhlala kunokudla okwanele kwalezi zinyoni, yize kwesinye isikhathi kusadingeka ukuthi zibulawa yindlala. Lokhu kungenzeka ezimeni lapho isimo sezulu sisethwe isikhathi eside noma lapho izinga lamanzi likhuphuka emithonjeni futhi izinyoni zingakwazi ukufinyelela ezitshalweni zamanzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, balahlekelwa amakhilogremu abo futhi babe buthakathaka. Ngisho nakulesi simo, izinyoni azishiyi indawo yazo evamile zifuna ukwethembisa okwengeziwe, ngokudla.
Ukuzalela inzalo
AmaSwati abuyela ezindlini zawo ezijwayelekile entwasahlobo, kwezinye izikhathi ekuseni, lapho amadamu esegcwele embozwe yiqhwa, kanti amanye acishe abe ngoMeyi. Lokhu kusebenza emikhawulweni esenyakatho kakhulu yendawo yabo yokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-swans abuya ngababili, njengoba enza umsebenzi wokufuna abalingani ezifundeni ezifudumele.
Ama-Swans athathwa njengezinyoni ezinamakhosi amancanyana, ngakho-ke, akha imizimba yazo yonke impilo yawo. Uma kwenzeka okuthile komunye wabalingani, khona-ke umlingani wesibili ngeke asafuna umlingani womphefumlo. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, la ma-swans, okwathi ngasizathu esithile alahlekelwe omlingani bawo womphefumlo, ngeke esaphila futhi afe ngosizi. Namuhla, izinkolelo ezinjalo zithathwa njengeziqageli, ngoba ososayensi abengakakwazi ukuqinisekisa izinganekwane ezinjalo.
Sebebuyele emaphethelweni abo afudumele, ama-swans ahlala endaweni ekhethwe kusengaphambili futhi ngokushesha aqhubekela ekwakhekeni kwesidleke. Isidleke simele inqwaba yezakhi ezahlukahlukene ngendlela yamagatsha okhuni, amahlumela, umhlanga notshani obomile basogwini. Kulokhu, isidleke sihlala sihamba njalo. AmaSwingan aqapha isidleke sawo ekuvinjelweni izihlobo zawo, ngakho-ke, ukulwa kuqala phakathi kwezinyoni. Lapho izinyoni zilwela insimu yazo, zimemeza kakhulu futhi zishaya amaphiko. Bashayisana bodwa emanzini futhi bashaya omunye nomunye ngamaphiko.
Kunoma ikuphi, ngemuva kokuba labo mbhangqwana bakwazi ukuvikela isidleke sabo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amaningana, emva kwalokho aqale ukuyidonsa. Le nqubo ihlala kuze kufike izinsuku ezingama-40, emva kwalokho kuzalwe amachwane. Lapho insikazi ihlala emaqanda, owesilisa uvikela yena futhi axwayise ngengozi. Uma kwenzeka ingozi enkulu, izinyoni zigcwalisa isidleke nge-fluff futhi zikhuphukele esibhakabhakeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, bajikeleza kule ndawo kuze kube yilapho usongo lwangempela luphela.
Udinga ukwazi! Uma kwenzeka ngengozi isidleke sama-swans ngamaqanda noma amachwane sithola indlela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphuma kule ndawo ngokushesha. Izinyoni zizovikela ngesihluku inzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo, zintanta ngamaphiko azo aqinile nangomlomo wamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, bayakwazi ukudala ukulimala okukhulu kumuntu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi akuhambelani nempilo.
Lapho kuzalwa amaphuphu ama-swan, vele ayazi ukuthi enzeni. Ngokushesha baqala ukuzimela futhi bazitholele ukudla. Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, abazali banakekela izingane zabo okungenani unyaka. Emabangeni okuqala, abazali bayabavikela kwisimo sezulu kuze kube lapho beqina ngokwanele. Ngokuwa, banamandla namandla anele okuhamba nabazali babo ohambweni olude ebusika. Entwasahlobo, wonke umndeni ubuyela ezimpandeni zawo. Ama-Swans akavuthi masinya, ngenxa yalokho baba ngabakhula ngokobulili ngonyaka we-4 wokuphila kwabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-Swans athathwa njengezinyoni eziqinile impela, ngakho-ke izilwane ezindala zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Kepha izinyoni ezingakakwazi ukuzivikela noma ukuphunyuka engozini, ukundiza esibhakabhakeni, kunezitha eziningi zemvelo. Izinyamazane ezinjengalezi zifaka impungushe, kanye nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene zezinyamazane, ekulula ukuzibona kusuka ekuphakameni kwendlwana yama swans. Ngamanye amagama, noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala endaweni ethile ziyizitha zemvelo.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Kuwo womabili amachwane nezinyoni ezindala, izimpisi namabhere kuyingozi ikakhulukazi.
Olunye uhlobo lofudu oluhlala eMelika nalo luyingozi kumachwane. AmaSwiss ahlala e-Australia ahlala ehlaselwa yinja yaseDingo, ehlala kuleli zwekazi kuphela.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi, noma konke kodwa ama-swan amancane, aziphawuleki ngeNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia. Ngisho i-swan encane inesimo sezinhlobo ezibuyiselwe, kanti nezinhlobo ezisele zibonakaliswa isimo "esidala ukukhathazeka okuncane." Kanye ne-swan encane, i-swan yaseMelika imakwe kwiBhuku elibomvu ngaphansi kwesimo se "zinhlobo ezingandile". Ngamanye amazwi, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zokubhukuda ezisele eMhlabeni zizizwa zizinhle futhi aziyona eyezilwane ezisengozini, uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Ama-Swans, ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okuhle, okuyinto engekho nhlobo yabanye abamele lo mndeni, iminyaka eminingi bathole inhlonipho phakathi kwabantu. Le nhlonipho nothando zixhunyaniswa neqiniso lokuthi lezi zinyoni ziqinile futhi azesabi, ziyaqhosha futhi zizimele. Abantu abahlukahlukene banezimilo ezihlukile kubo, kepha kunoma yikuphi, kukhona okuhle kuphela, okuhambisana nobuhle balezi zinyoni. Abanye abantu babekholelwa ukuthi bavela odlubeni, kanti amaMongol, ikakhulukazi, ayethi abantu bawa bephuma ezilinganisweni zalezi zinyoni ezizimele futhi eziqinile. Abanye abantu baseSiberia babeqiniseka ukuthi ama-swans awandizelanga eningizimu, kodwa bamane baphenduka iqhwa. Ngemuva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, iqhwa, ngokuhlukile, laphenduka ama-swans, futhi kwaba njalo amakhulu eminyaka unyaka nonyaka. Konke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ama-swans adonse ukunaka komuntu amakhulu eminyaka, okubuye kuhlotshaniswe nama-epics amaningi avela kwesinye isizukulwane kwesinye isizukulwane, enza umfanekiso wenyoni engaqondakali nenhle.
Ekuphetheni
Inyoni ye-swan ibhekwa njengenyoni yabantu bokudala, njengezimbongi, abaculi, ababhali, njll. Amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, laba bantu bakha umfanekiso wenyoni emsulwa, ababeziqhathanisa nabo, bekholelwa ukuthi abantu bokudala bangabantu abanomphefumlo ocwebezelayo. Ukucabanga okunjalo kwabanjwa emidwebweni eminingi, ezindabeni eziningi, ngisho nangokwengeziwe ezinganeni, kufakwa emculweni, njengaseSwan Lake, lapho le nyoni imelela ubuhle nobukhazikhazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buhle abungeyona inkohliso, ngoba amaplamu enyoni awahlukile ngombala ohlukile wemibala ehlukahlukene. Ukubuka okubonakalayo kungabonakala lapho izimbotshana ezinamakhanda eziphakanyiswe ngokuziqhenya zibhukuda esedlule. Ungawubuka bese uwubuka, yize noma usuwubonile, umcimbi ushiya uphawu olungasoze lwenzeka kwimemori yakho.
Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi umuntu. Njengomthetho, akazingeli ama-swans, kepha ukhetha ukubheka ubuhle bawo nokuzimela. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ama-swans, esekwenzile umbhangqwana, anamathele kakhulu komunye nomunye, ngenkathi ephathana ngothando nangesisa. Futhi kunokuthile umuntu angakufunda, ngoba kunezikhathi ezinjengale empilweni yomuntu, lapho abantu bedala imibhangqwana yempilo futhi baxhumana komunye nomunye nothando ngomunye nomunye, esenele. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi namuhla, lapho abantu bengabukhuthazi ngempela ubudlelwano.
Akumangazi ukuthi le nyoni ihlala ihlotshiswa nganoma yisiphi isigaxa, ngakho-ke amaswidi angabonakala emithonjeni eyenziwe ngobuciko emelela noma yisiphi isikhungo samasiko ngisho nezinhlaka zebhizinisi. AmaSwidi awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba ayakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwawo. Kwanele ukuqiniseka ukuthi umzimba wamanzi owenziwe ngokwezifiso uhambelana nemvelo ngezimpawu zawo. Ngakho-ke kuyohlala noma yiziphi izidalwa eziphilayo, izimbungulu. Izikelemu kanye nezimila zasemanzini. Esimweni esibi ngokweqile, izinyoni zingondliwa, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi izinyoni zisheshe zijwayele abantu, zithole ukuvikelwa nokudla.
Futhi nokho kunabantu abadla izinyoni lezi, ngakho-ke cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane namuhla zisesimweni esinzima lapho izinyoni zidinga ukuvikelwa ngumuntu. Impilo yabantu uqobo ilimaza kakhulu izinyoni ezinjalo ngisho nokuthi kufanele zishiye izindawo zazo ezivamile zokuhlala izidleke.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Thulisa uSwan
ICygnus olor (lat.) Ithole igama layo ngenxa yemisindo ethize eyenziwe ngabesilisa njengoba ingozi isondela. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-hissing, izinyoni zingenza imisindo ekrwada, ukushaya ikhwela nokwenama. Isidenge esisisiyaluyalu sahlukile kwezinye izikhala zentamo enhle nenhliziyo egobile.
Izinduna ezithulayo ziyizinyoni zase-Yuria. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili: ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 naku-1930s. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-swans alethwa eVictoria. Lapho babehlala emapaki amadolobha futhi kwakuwumhlobiso wawo, manje zigadiwe izikhulu ngokucophelela.
Ividiyo: Swan
Lezi zinyoni zazihlala eJapan. Manje ivela njalo eBermuda, eCanada, e-USA, eNew Zealand. Ngo-1984, iDenmark yenza u-Mute Swan waba uphawu lwezwe lonke. Le nyoni ilingana neyebukhosi, ebukhosini.
ENgilandi, bonke abantu babhekwa njengempahla yenkosi. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15, ngabaninimhlaba abacebile kuphela abanesimo senhlalo esinomthelela abangaba nazo lezi zinyoni. Ukukhombisa ubukhona bendwendwe, zonke izinyoni zazinamaphiko. E-Abbotsbury Wildlife Sangment, amaswidi abekelwe inyama, eyayikhonzwa etafuleni lamakhosi.
E-Russia, izitsha zengubo zazibhekwa njengezinhle. Uma bezingekho izingulule ezosiwe etafuleni, izivakashi ezisendlini yomnikazi bezingahlonishwa kangako. Ngo-1610, iMos Tsar Vladislav yaseMoscow yakhishwa amaswidi amathathu kanye nama-giblets noma abhakwe ngophayi.
Ihlala kuphi imbungulu?
Isithombe: Thulisa i-Swan bird
Izinyoni zingatholakala ezindaweni ezingayodwa zeCentral and Southern Europe, e-Asia, eDenmark, eSweden, ePoland, ePrimorsky Territory nase China. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo kuyivelakancane, imibhangqwana izidla kude kakhulu komunye nomunye, futhi kwezinye izindawo izinyoni azihlali ndawo.
Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, izidlakazana eziyizimungulu zihlala esigodini sase-Ural naseziodini zamachibi nasezigodini zaseKazakhstan. Ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu, le nyoni ihlala ekhaya. Endle, izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezingahanjelwa ngabantu - amachibi neziyingi zemvelo, ingaphezulu lazo ligcwele izimila, izibhukuda.
Ngenxa yemizamo yabantu, kunabantu abancane e-Australia, eNyakatho Melika, eNew Zealand nasezwekazini lase-Afrika. Ama-swans amaningi ayathanjiswa noma ahlala ekuthunjweni okuncane - njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa emapaki amadolobha.
Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kungaba futhi imilambo yemifula, imizimba yamanzi amasha, imichilo yolwandle. Swans isidleke on the Baltic, Atlantic kanye Asia ulwandle. Ngemuva kokukhula, inzalo iya eCaspian naseBlack Seas ebusika. Izinyoni zihlala ezidlekeni zazo, bese abantu bezondla.
Ebusika, zihlanganiswa zibe amakoloni amancane. Uma elinye lamalungu ephakethe ligula futhi lingakwazi ukundiza, elinye lihlehlisa indiza kuze kube yilapho umuntu ogulayo elulama. Ebusika, izimpaphe zezinyoni zihlala zimhlophe, lapho zindiza ngesimo sezulu esifudumele ziba mnyama.
Ngabe idlani eliyisimungulu lidlani?
Isithombe: Thulisa uSwan ovela kwiRed Book
Ukudla okunezithelo zomsuka wesitshalo kuyathandwa. Ukudla kwama-swans asekhululekile futhi okuphila ezimeni zemvelo kwehlukile ngandlela thile ekudleni kwezinkukhu.
U-Mute swan udla:
Uma izitshalo ziqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-mollusks, nazo ziba ukudla kwe-swan. Ngenxa yentamo ende, izinyoni zingacwiliswa emanzini ziye ekujuleni kwemitha eyodwa. Njengamadada, agxobhoza ikhanda, intamo nangaphambili komzimba emanzini, abe manzi emanzini futhi afinyelele ezansi ngomlomo wawo. Emhlabeni, ama-swans adla ngamaqabunga nezinhlamvu.
Lapho udonsa, izingxenye ezincane zezitshalo amachwane adla kuzo ziyavela. Ebusika, ama-algae adliwa ikakhulukazi. Ngenxa yesiphepho kanye namazinga amanzi akhuphukayo, ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuba nzima kakhulu. Lapho-ke bayalamba futhi bekhathele baze bahluleka ukundiza. Kodwa nokho azishiyi izidleke zazo zilinde isimo sezulu esihle.
Abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi balwela ukondla abalimi bezinkwa, kepha lokhu ngokuphelele akunakukwenza. Isisu sezinyoni asilungele ukudla okunjalo. Uma usudlile isinkwa esidumbile, amaswidi angagula futhi afe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukondla ngezinhlamvu kungasindisa izinyoni ebulawa yindlala ebusika. Bangadla kuze kufike ku-4 kg wokusanhlamvu ngosuku.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Thulisa uSwan
Ama-swans achitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yawo emanzini. Ezindaweni ezilahliwe, zingaya emazweni. Ubusuku, izinyoni zihlala echibini: ezindaweni zama-rhizomes ahlanganisiwe nomhlanga. Ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ezinye izinyoni, ukuze zikwazi ukusonta izidleke eduze kwamahansi.
Zingahlala zombili emakoloni futhi ngokwahlukana. Behluke ngesimo sabo sokuthula, bakhombisa ulaka kuphela lapho bevikela insimu. Lapho ingozi isondela, izinyoni zigobisa intamo yazo, zigobe izimpaphe bese zibhukuda ziye kumuntu ongazazi. Ngesikhathi sokuqina, bashaya izindebe zabo kanzima. Ukulimala okungathi sína kungenzeka uma unesifiso ngokweqile kumenzi wobumbano.
Uma kungekho okhathaza isidleke, amadada abambelela endaweni yawo yokuhlala futhi ayishiya kuphela lapho ichibi liphela ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, ukuhamba kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba enyakatho kanti ngo-Okthoba kuseningizimu yebanga. Izinyoni ezinezinwele zindiza ubusuku nemini. Ukushaywa kwamakhala kwamaphiko omhlambi kuthwalwa kude kakhulu. Zindiza zibambe ongezansi, zikhala kakhulu.
Ebusika, i-liz yisisimungulu ihlala ngamabili afundile. Abantu abanesizungu mabajwayelane nabalingani futhi bangene ezimishadweni zomshado. Kusukela kuminyaka emibili ubudala, ama-swans molt kabili ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokugcwala okugcwele ehlobo, izinyoni zilahlekelwa amandla okundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bavele banakekela amachwane futhi abakwazi ukubashiya bekhathazekile.
Kunenganekwane eyaziwayo ye-swan fidelity. Ithi uma omunye wabalingani efa, owesibili akasabheki mbhangqwana. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngempela, kukho konke impilo, izinyoni zihlala nomlingani oyedwa. Kepha, uma efa, owesibili ufuna umbhangqwana omusha.
Naphezu kobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, i -isim swan iyindiza ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, bangahlangana ezinkulungwaneni zamakholoni ukugwema ukuhlaselwa izitha. Amaswidi awanakusuka emhlabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela emanzini nangokugijima okukhulu. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi, zilele phansi, zifihla imilomo yazo ngezimpaphe bese zilinda isimo sezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
Onke amaswidi ahlala eduze kwamanzi, njengoba ethola ukudla kuwo. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokudla nezokushisa kwezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ziyahlukahluka:
Amashuni amhlophe - owesilisa nowesilisa
Inyoni efudukayo noma hhayi? Udaba lolu lufanele, ngoba abanye abantu ngisho nabantu abasuswanga emakhaya abo ebusika. Lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ngakho-ke, ama-swans anezinwele ezimnyama awasuswa minyaka yonke ukusuka eningizimu yezwekazi. Izindiza ezinde zivame ukwenza abantu basenyakatho. ERussia, ngokwesibonelo, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezi-4 ezihlala ezweni ziyasuswa emizini yazo:
Izindiza ezindizayo kufinyelelwa ngokufakelwa umshado. Umuntu onamandla kunabo bonke esahlukweni sakhe. Imisinga enamandla yomoya evela ngaphansi kwamaphiko akhe idluliswa indiza ivela emuva. Ngakho-ke abesilisa ababuthakathaka kakhulu ekugcineni komshado bathola ukwesekwa, ngaphandle kwesigameko ukufika ezindaweni zobusika.
Ukufika endaweni nokuzinza echibini, izinyoni zimangaza ababukeli ngomusa. Akuvezwa kuphela ngokubukeka kwezinyoni, kodwa futhi nangendlela yokunyakaza. Ziyakwazi ngokukhululeka, zibushelelezi. Ekuhambeni kwama-swans kunokuzola nokuzethemba.
Uma ingozi ifika ngendlela okhozi lwegolide noma i-osprey yomfula, ujuluka ugxume ngaphansi kwamanzi noma, uhlakazeke eceleni kwaso, ume phiko. Le enzima kakhulu lemibuzo ukufihla, kokuba emhlabathini. Kuthatha isikhathi eside. Emanzini, amabala anjenge-paddle asiza ukukhipha umzimba ngaphandle. Emhlabathini, ukukhulisa umzimba wamaphawundi angu-15 kunzima kakhulu ezinyoni.
Ama-Swans ayizinyoni zesifunda; abathandi abantu abangabazi emazweni aqashiwe. I-Anseriformes yabo ihlukaniswe ngababili. Akunakusho ukuthi i-epithet "swan fidelity" ikhona. Izinyoni azithembi nje kubalingani bazo, kepha ungahlukani nazo, zihlala njalo emndenini.
Ukuxosha abantu ongabazi, ama-swans agquma izintamo zawo nezikhala njengezinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zisakaza amaphiko anamandla. Amandla wokushaywa kwabo, ngendlela, kwanele ukuphula amathambo omuntu omdala.
Ukukholelwa lokho swan ubusika benyoni ezihambisana nokunamathiselwa kwezilwane emizini yazo. Uma kuqala ukubanda, izinyoni zihlehlisa ukuzala nokuzala ngaphambi kwezikhathi ezingcono.
Uma kungekho ukudla, ama-anserines ayalamba indlala, kepha ungandiza. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokufakwa kuhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zam swans eNcwadini ebomvu. Ukucekela phansi uhlobo, kwanele ukucekela phansi izindawo azikhethile. Izinyoni azikwazi ukujwayela ezintsha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Chip-Swan Chicks
Kusukela eminyakeni emine, ama-swans akha imibhangqwana eshadile. Ngenxa yokushushiswa kwabantu, imindeni ingaqhekeka futhi kuba nabesilisa abaningi kakhulu abangabodwa, ngenxa yalokho abazama ukuxosha abesifazane kubashadikazi abakhona. Abesilisa bashaya amaphiko abo ngobuhlungu, kepha esikhathini esiningi bayakwazi ukuxosha lo mfokazi.
Imibhangqwana ndawonye ikhetha isiza esiseduze kwendawo yokugcina amanzi enogu oluningi. Kumuntu oyedwa, inkathi yokuzalela iqala ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zibhukuda eduze, abesilisa baququde amaphiko abo futhi bavame ukucwilisa amakhanda abo emanzini. Lapho-ke owesilisa ubhukuda kowesifazane bese efakwa izintamo.
Ngemuva kwezenzo ezinjalo, insikazi icwiliswa emanzini eceleni kwentamo bese ziyagana. Ngemuva kwaloko lo mbhangqwana uphuphuma, ucindezele omunye komunye, bese uqala ukuhlanza izimpaphe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi yakhela isidleke kude nezindawo ezinabantu. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ugada insimu futhi aqonde kuyo yonke indawo angayazi.
Lesi sidleke siqukethe izitshalo zomhlanga zonyaka odlule nezitshalo zasemanzini. Isidleke emanzini angajulile singaba amamitha ubude nangu-75 amasentimitha. Uma yakhiwe kusuka kuma-rhizomes, khona-ke ububanzi bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha amane nokuphakama kwemitha eyodwa. Lapho indawo yokuhlala isimi ngomumo, insikazi ihlwitha umkhuhlane ebeleni layo bese ifaka phansi nayo.
Ama-Swans anikeza inzalo yokuqala angaba neqanda elilodwa nje. Njengoba izinsikazi zikhula, inani lazo landa laya ku-5-8. Kuqala, amaqanda aluhlaza ngombala, kepha lapho kuzalwa le ntokazi, iba mhlophe. Hatching ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-35. Onogada besilisa bahlala sonke lesi sikhathi.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuvela amantshontsho angwevu abona futhi ebhukuda nonina kusukela azalwa. Ezinyangeni zokuqala ezine, izingane zilala ngemuva kwesifazane, ebusuku wonke umndeni ulala esidlekeni. Ezinyangeni ezi-5, amaphuphu azimela. Ekwindla, wonke umndeni uyandiza ubusika bufudumele.
Thulisa Qapha
Photo: Red-Book Swan Swan
Izinhlobo lezi zisengozini futhi zibhalwe ohlwini oluBomvu lweKazakhstan, Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk, Penza, izifunda zeChelyabinsk naseRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan. Ohlelweni olusha lweNcwadi eBomvu yaseBelarus, izimbungulu eziyisimungulu azifakwa kuzo.
Ngo-1960, kwamiswa umthetho owenqabela ukuzingela kwalezi zinyoni. Ngenxa yabantu abavikelayo nabanakekelayo abondla izinyoni ebusika, leli nani liyanda minyaka yonke. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngokuzalanisa kwabo ekudingisweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, lokhu kuvumela i-swan ukuthi iphile iminyaka engama-30.
Ukuzalelwa kwezinkemba eziyizimungulu kuholele ekwazisweni kwezinyoni ezindaweni ezingafakwanga ohlwini lwazo lwangempela - i-Australia, iNyakatho Melika nakwamanye amazwe. E-Yurobhu, okubhalwe phansi nakho kugcinwe kubongelwe abantu abasemakhaya abangenile ngephutha noma ngamabomu endle.
Ukususwa ekhaya kuholele ekutheni ama-swans awabe esaba ukuhlala eduze komuntu. Manje sezivame ukutholakala emachibini nasezichibini zezindawo zokuhlala. Iziphathimandla zilawula ukuzingela. Abanye abadobi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-swans adla amaqanda enhlanzi futhi awadubule. Ngisho noma kwenzeka kuphuthelwe, inyoni ngokungazi igwiza ingxenye ethile futhi ibulawa yibuthi.
Ezimweni ezivumayo zokubhukuda, izinyoni zihlala ngokuthula futhi azifisi inkululeko. Bazivumelanisa nemvelo, bakha ngababili futhi banikeze inzalo. Ukuzigcina zisekhaya, kwanele ukuhlinzeka izinyoni ichibi elihlanzekile nobusika obondlekile.
Thulisa - umbono oqhoshayo futhi omuhle uvame ukugcona kumasayithi mayelana nabathandi njengesibonelo okufanele basilandele, njengesibonakaliso sokwethembeka nobumsulwa obungokomoya. Ukuthandwa kwale nyoni enhle nenomusa akukuphikisi. Izinyoni ezingamaMonogamous zinakekela inzalo yazo futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho.
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa
Izinyoni zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka emine. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, isikhathi sokukhwelana kuyaqala. Isiko lokuqomisa lezi zinyoni ezinhle kufana nomdanso we-ballet. Kwenzeka emanzini noma emhlabeni. Owesilisa uhamba noma ubhukuda phambi kowesifazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uyakhala kakhulu, aphakamise amaphiko nezinsiba entanyeni yakhe. Uma inhliziyo ye-swan (njengoba negama elijwayelekile lowesifazane wesifazane ethintwa) ithintwa, kuthatha indawo efanayo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lo mbhangqwana ufuna isiza esidlekayo., okuvikelwa yinhloko yomndeni ngesibindi ekungeneni komakhelwane kwiphakethe.
I-Nesting
NgoMeyi, i-swan yakha isidleke. Uyazenzela ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya kwabesilisa. Umama hen ukhetha izindawo ezingasese ngaseceleni kwamanzi. Isidleke se-swan yisakhiwo esinobubanzi bamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ukusuka kumhlanga, utshani kanye ne-bird fluff yayo. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-4-8, ezinyoni ezincane - kusuka ku-1-2. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni amaqanda aba ne-olive hue, nangaphambi kokubopha amantshontsho - aphuzi ansundu. Owesifazane kuphela ohlala esidlekeni, owesilisa uyamgada, ngaphandle kokuhamba amabanga amade. Isikhathi sokubopha sithatha izinsuku ezingama-35- 40.
Amachwane akhulayo
Amathanga anesisindo esingama-200-220 amagremu azelwe, ambozwe nge-grey fluff. Imvamisa phakathi kwabathandi bezinyoni, kuphakama izingxabano ngegama le-baby baby. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha banikeza impendulo eyiyo kuphela - iphuphu. Izingane zizalwa zikhule kahle futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukuhambisana nabantu abadala. Ukunakekelwa kwesibeletho bobabili abazali bayafeza.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqashwa, iphuku lifunda ukubhukuda ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabadala. Eminyakeni engamasonto amabili, leli sonto selivele likuthola ukudla uqobo. Ngaphambi kokuncibilikisa, leli chibi alikwazi ukundiza. I-plumage iyashintsha ezinyangeni ezi-4-5. Kuze kube manje, izilwane ezincane zisemndenini.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-swans
Ekuphetheni - amaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo nge-swan.
Abantu bebelokhu bewubonga umusa kanye nokubuka okuhle kwamasansane.. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenyama, ethathwa njengokudla okumnandi, futhi i-fluff, izinyoni ezibabazekayo kudala zazingelwa. Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwesisindo esiningi, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-swan zivamile. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, izinhlelo ziyaqhubeka ukubuyisa isibalo sezinyoni emhlabeni. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lokuthi akukho zinhlobo zamadada ezizonyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba.