Teal Salvadori noma duck salvadori(I-Salvadorina waigiuensis) ziyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezizalelwa eNew Guinea. Ibekwe kuhlobo lwe-monotypic ISalvadorina.
inekhanda nentambo emnyama, futhi umzimba wayo wenqatshiwe futhi ubonwe onsundu omnyama futhi umhlophe ngombala onemilenze yewolintshi nangomlomo ophuzi.
Yindawo yokuhlala efihlekile yemifudlana namachibi asezintabeni okusheshayo. Lesi isihlokwana. Ibona isidleke sayo eduze kwamanzi futhi ibeka amaqanda ama-2 kuya kwayi-4 ngesikhathi esomile. I-IUCN ifake ohlwini lwezinyoni njengezisengozini, futhi inani labantu lingancipha kancane.
ISalvadorDali
USalvador Dali (Igama eligcwele uSalvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali noDomenech, uMarquis waseDali de Pubol, Meyi 11, 1904, Figueres, Spain - Januwari 23, 1989, ibid.) - ngomunye wabadwebi abadumile baseSpain, osebe yingxenye yesiko lomhlaba jikelele le-pop. Waduma hhayi nje ngokubonga ubuhlakani bakhe, kodwa futhi nomfanekiso wakhe owenziwe ngenhlamba, ngokuziphatha okuhle nezitatimende ezivusa inkanuko ngaye ngokwakhe nakwindawo ezungezile. Waphila impilo ende, engaphezulu noma engatheni injabulo, wayeshade noyedwa wakhe futhi eyedwa uGala (obizwa ngendlela yesiFulentshi, egxila kakhulu kwisilo sokugcina), ayiphakamisela kule nkolo futhi wayikhonza izithombe impilo yakhe yonke.
Izici zomsebenzi weSalvador Dali: waziwa kakhulu ngemidwebo yakhe yokwazisa, yize ayesebenza ngezitayela ezihlukile - kusukela ekuvezeni ubuciko futhi ebusheni ebusheni bakhe kuya kwi-neoclassicism esikhathini esizayo. Wayengunogada kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezentengiselwano: wayedala imifanekiso, amalogo okukhangisa nezangaphakathi, wabhala izikhumbuzo, imibhalo kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko, izincwadi zokushicilela ezishicilelwe kanye nezindikimba. Wayengenamahloni okuboleka nokuqagela okuningi emidwebeni yamakhosi akhe amthandayo - uVelazquez, uVermeer nabanye.
Ukuza kwesibili
Ukwakheka kobuntu bomculi wesikhathi esizayo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingazange zimshiye ithuba lokuba omunye umuntu - umuntu ojwayelekile futhi ongabonakali kakhulu. Phezu kwesimo esibonakalayo esasihlaziya futhi sithathe zonke izehlakalo zobuntwana, yena akazange abe nabazali abathobekile, futhi akazange aqaphele ukubukwa kwezwe komoya wokukholelwa kumlingo.
Little Salvador wakhulela elincane kodwa uyaziqhenya idolobha laseSpain Figueres enomlando omude kanye nezifiso emkhakheni wokuhlukanisa, ejwayelekile emazweni eCatalonia. (Ngokuzayo, umdwebi uzonamathela ekubukweni okuyinkosi ngokuzazisa okungagudluki njengeCatalan).
Ubaba womfana wayengumphenyi ophumelele wendawo, kepha umama wakhe wayengowokuzalwa enhloko-dolobha yaseBarcelona. Akakwazanga ukwamukela ukushona kwendodana yakhe yokuqala ngenxa yokugula eneminyaka emibili - futhi wabheka ingane yesibili, ezalwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili emva kokushona kwayo, njengokuphindukuzalwa kabusha kwamazibulo. Babembiza ngokufana - uSalvador ("umsindisi" ngeSpanishi). Zonke lezi zindaba eziphathelene nomfowabo oshonile, kanye nokuhambela ethuneni lakhe eminyakeni eyisisa kakhulu, akuzange kufaka ukuthula kwengqondo kumfana ohlonishwayo osevele emhlonipha.
Kodwa-ke, waphangwa kakhulu. Njengomuntu osindile, wahlonishwa ngobukhosi, futhi ubuciko bomculi wesikhathi esizayo bawujwayela ngenhlonipho indima yobukhosi. Ngemuva kokuthola isembatho se-carnival kanye nentonga yobukhosi njengesipho eneminyaka emihlanu, uSalvador uzobheka le ngubo njengefanele isikhundla sakhe futhi azogqoka nezingubo ezinjalo, aze abe yindoda endala enempunga.
Of young yebo kusenesikhathi
Lapho ineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, umfana ukhombisile intshisekelo yokudweba, futhi ukuvumela okuvumayo kudlala ezandleni zakhe: akakhuthazwanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi wabela negumbi lonke lokwenza umhlangano, wasula igumbi lokuhlanza egumbini elisophahleni lwendlu kusuka kudoti. Lapha wenza usuku lonke ukudweba omakhelwane futhi eneminyaka eyishumi upenda upende wokuqala wamafutha ngesitayela se-Impressionist.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emine, umsebenzi wakhe usuvele ukhonjisiwe emphakathini embukisweni eFigueres, kuthi emuva kweminyaka emithathu abe ngumfundi e-Academy of Fine Arts eMadrid. Lapha, izici ezakha isisekelo sempumelelo yekusasa likaDali zibonakaliswa ngokuphelele: ngaphezu kwezifiso ezivelele namakhono amahle, wayenokuzimisela, ukubekezelela nokwenza umsebenzi onomdlandla: “Angihlangananga nemigwaqo, angikaze ngiye e-cinema, angizange ngivakashele abangane bami eRostitution. Ngabuya ngavala egumbini lami ukuze ngiqhubeke nokusebenza ngedwa, - UDali ukhumbule ukuzilibazisa kwakhe kwabafundi. "NgeSonto ekuseni ngike ngaya ePrado Museum ngathatha ikhathalogi lokupenda ezikoleni ezahlukahlukene ... Ubaba wami, owatshelwa ngumqondisi kanye nembongi uMarkin (ongishiyile ngaphansi kwethala lokufunda) ukuthi ngangihola impilo yomfundisi. Kaningi wangibhalela, engiyala ukuthi ngijikeleze omakhelwane, ngiye enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ngithathe ikhefu emsebenzini. Kepha konke bekuyize ... Impilo yami yangaphakathi yayanelisekile yiyo. Futhi zonke izinhlobo zokuzijabulisa zazingizonda. ”
Naphezu kokushisekela kwakhe umsebenzi, usasithola isikhathi sokwazi futhi axoxe noFederico Garcia Lorca noLuis Bunuel. Ubungani bethenda buzomxhumanisa nobokuqala, nobuciko obuhlangene ku-cinema nabesibili. Naphezu kokuzinikezela okuphelele kokupenda, uDali akakwazi ukwenza iziqu zemfundo ephakeme. Umoya wakhe othanda inkululeko wawusondele ngaphakathi ezindongeni zesikhungo, lapho indiza yokucabanga yokudala yayilinganiselwe. Uqale ukuxabana nothisha abasebenza ngokuzimela futhi ekugcineni waxoshwa. Esikhundleni sokufunda, lo mculi wakhetha ukuya eParis, aziwa ngokuziphatha kwakhe kwamahhala, futhi wangena ezweni lobuciko be-avant-garde lapho, ngoba wayesazana nembongi engu-Andre Breton noPablo Picasso.
Izindiza ephusheni futhi empeleni
Unyaka we-1929 uba yinto eyingqophamlando kuDali: uba yilungu lomphakathi weSurrealist futhi ujwayelana noGala. U-Elena Dyakonova, unkosikazi wembongi uPaul Eluard odabuka eRussia, wayeneminyaka eyishumi kunoDali futhi wahlaselwa nguye lapho eqala ukubonwa. Selokhu ahambela eCadakes nomyeni wakhe, abakaze bahlukane ne-El Salvador. Ubudlelwano babo budale ukuwohloka ebudlelwaneni bomculi nodadewabo uqobo, ongazange avume inyunyana, kepha akekho noyedwa futhi akukho lutho olungema phakathi kwabo.
Lezi zithandani zihlala endlini encane yokudoba ePort Lligat, okuyothi ngokuzayo ikhule ibe indawo yokuhlala egcwele kwaDali. UGala uthatha imisebenzi yemenenja yezobuciko, i-nanny, imnyuziyamu futhi imnika ithuba lokuzicwilisa ngokuphelele emsebenzini. Ukugcinwa kwakhe kuthela izithelo: kungalesi sikhathi lapho uDali abhala khona izincwadi zakhe zemibhalo, njengeThe Persistence of Memory (1931), The Great Masturbator (1929), noma i-The Face of May West (1935). Ukuphatha ukuxabana nabasebenza nge-surrealists - ngisho kubo imibono kanye ne-Spaniard eqashile yayiminingi kakhulu. Kepha wayengasayidingi inkampani. Wayene-gala.
Ngo-1934, ngemuva kwesehlukaniso sikaGala no-Eluard, umshado wabo wabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni (futhi esontweni - kamuva kakhulu - ngo-1958). Lapho impi ifika eYurophu, lo mbhangqwana ushesha ukushiya i-Old World uye eNew, lapho uzohlala khona iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili elandelayo. E-US, uDali uya ngokuya ethandwa kuzo zonke izindawo: ubhala izincwadi, enze imifanekiso, abambe imibukiso, ahlanganyele nezinkanyezi ze-showbiz, futhi aziphathe njengenkanyezi yedwala.
Ngelinye lamaqhinga akhe abalulekile, wacishe wahlupheka kakhulu. UDali bekufanele anikeze inkulumo ngokungazi lutho eNew Burlington Gallery, lapho avele khona esikhaleni esihlotshiswe nge-logo yenkampani iMercedes-Benz. Imvunulo yayihlanganiswe ngumbhoshongo wama-greyhound olekeni ngakolunye uhlangothi nekhanda le-billiard kwelinye. Kepha akekho owacabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kohlelo olukhethekile lokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo umdwebi uzovele aqale ukukhubazeka, futhi uma sekuqala ukwenzeka, bekungelula kangako ukukhulula ikhanda lakhe kwisigqoko. Kwakumelwe anqunywe ekhanda lakhe ngesando, umsindo wawo wawusuzwakala isikhathi eside ezindlebeni zikaDali. Kodwa izithameli azisolisanga isimo esiphuthumayo - kunalokho, izilaleli zinqume ukuthi kukhona ukusebenza okucatshangwayo, futhi zashayela ihlombe inqubo yokukhulula ofundisayo ogibeni.
U-Alice Cooper waseShock uyakhumbula: “ENew York, iDali yayihlala isivakashi esimukeleka kahle. UFrank Zappa, uJohn Lennon, u-Iggy Pop, u-Alice Cooper, no-Andy Warhol, uJacqueline Kennedy bangaba egumbini elilodwa, kodwa kwathi lapho uSalvador Dali engena, kwaba nokuhlebeza, "Hawu, nguSalvador Dali." Wayemangele ngoba wayebonwe kusukela ngawo-1920s futhi eqhubeka ehlanya kakhulu kunomunye umuntu. ”
Kodwa-ke, lo mculi wayezinikele ngenhliziyo yakhe yonke ezweni lakubo, futhi, naphezu kodumo namathuba wezezimali angenamkhawulo eMelika, wabuyela eSpain futhi wahlala lapho kuze kube kuphela kwezinsuku zakhe.
Futhi bahlala isikhathi eside
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960s, ubudlelwano bukaDali noGala babuye baphela nya. Ngamunye wabo unempilo yakhe siqu: unezintambo zabathandi abasebasha, lo mculi amvule iso, unothando olukhulu lwe-plonland kumuntu oyimodeli u-Amanda Lear. Ekugcineni, uGala waphikelela ekuthengeni indlu ehlukile, kwathi uSalvador, esimweni sayo esithandekayo, wamtholela inqaba yonke, okuyinto ayevunyelwe ukuyivakashela nje ngaphambi kokubhala.
Maphakathi nawo-1970, uDali wayeka ukubhala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, imidwebo yakhe idayiselwa amanani amarekhodi, okumenza abe ngomunye wabaculi abakhokhelwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Futhi ngonyaka we-1982, uthola isihloko sikaMarquis kwiNkosi uJuan Carlos.
Ngonyaka ofanayo, eneminyaka ehloniphekile kakhulu (engaphansi kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ubudala - isibalo ngqo sasifihlwe ngokucophelela) uGala uyafa. UDali naye wayengemncane, futhi wanqotshwa ukugula. Uhamba ayohlala esigodlweni saseGala futhi lapho asheshe afe lapho afisa isithandwa sakhe. Ubuhlungu bungezelelwa kulo mculi ngomlilo lapho athola khona ukushiswa kwengxenye yesihlanu yomzimba wakhe, kepha ngisho lokhu wakwazi ukusinda.
Kepha ubudala nokugula kuyabakhathaza: UDali uba msolayo futhi angahlangani. Uchithe iminyaka yokugcina ebuyela eMbhoshongweni weGalatea eFigueres, eduze kwesikhungo se-Theatre ethandekayo esungulwe nguye uqobo. Lapho ubhala imisebenzi eminingana yakamuva, kepha inwele ezimpunga, ezihlakazekile, ezingahambi kahle neze ziyafana neze nalezo zinto ezikhukhumezayo, njengoba izilaleli zakhe zazikhumbula. Ngo-1989, ngonyaka wama-85 wokuphila kwakhe, inhliziyo yomculi yema.
Cishe abalandeli abayizinkulungwane ezimbili bafika bavalelisa kuDali ngezinsuku ezimbili. Wazicengela ukuthi azongcwaba ngaphansi kwendlu yengilazi kwelinye lamahholo omnyuziyamu wakhe ukuze izivakashi zikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ethuneni lakhe. Futhi lo mculi ushiye imali yakhe enkulu ngesamba semali ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyishumi kumuntu amthandayo - iSpain.
Teal Salvadori
I-Teal Salvadori noma i-Salvadori duck (i-Salvadorina waigiuensis) iyingxenye ye-anseriformes futhi ingeyomndeni wedada.
Lolu hlobo lwenhlobo ye-monotypic genus uSalvadorina, engeyona i-subspecies. Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezithile zethumbu le-teal, iSalvadori iyingxenye yohlobo lwayo futhi iwela ngaphansi kwezingulube zamadumba uTadorninae, ahlanganisa amadada anezimo ezifanayo nokuhlala emifudlaneni esezintabeni. Uhlobo lwezinhlobo igama elithi Teal Salvadori alutholile ukuhlonipha udokotela wamehlo e-Italy wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili uTommaso Salvadori. Ukuchazwa kwe-waigiuensis kuvela egameni lendawo iWaigeo, elisho isiqhingi esiseduze naseNew Guinea.
Teal Salvadori noma duck weSalvadori (Salvadorina waigiuensis)
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-teal Salvadori
I-Teal Salvadori iyidada elincane elinobukhulu bomzimba cishe futhi linesisindo esingama-342 amagremu kuphela.
Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zamadada ekhanda elinombala onsundu omnyama nombala ophuzi. Amapayipi anamachaphaza anemichilo nemibala yombala onsundu omnyama nomhlophe. Amanye amadada ase-Australia, afana ne-Teal Salvadori, anekhanda elikhanyayo futhi u-plumage u nsundu oqinile. Imilenze ye-Teal Salvadori i-orange ngombala. Owesifazane nowesilisa banamaplamu afanayo afanayo.
Teal Salvadori Spread
I-Teal Salvadori uhlobo lwesifo esitholakala ezintabeni zaseNew Guinea (Papua, Indonesia nasePapua New Guinea). Mhlawumbe ikhona esiqhingini sase-Indonesia iVeijo, kepha lokhu kuyisiqalo nje, ngoba itali yaseSalvadori ayizange ibonwe kulezi zindawo.
I-Teal Salvadori uhlobo lwesifo esitholakala ezintabeni zaseNew Guinea
Teal Salvador Habitats
I-Teal Salvadori itholakala ezindaweni eziphansi. Zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-70 echibini leLakekamu, kepha zivame ukusakazeka esiqhingini kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala ezintabeni. Amadada akhetha ukushefa okusheshayo kwemifula nemifudlana, yize ibuye ivele kumachibi amile. Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Teal Salvadori azifinyeleleki futhi ziyimfihlo. Baphila indlela yokucasha futhi, mhlawumbe, ebusuku.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-teal Salvadori
I-Teal Salvadori ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni zezintaba.
Izinyoni zabonwa echibini elingamamitha ayi-1650 eFoya (Western New Guinea). Bayakwazi ukuwela isikhala sehlathi eliminyene beyofuna indawo ekahle yokuhlala. Yize lezi zinhlobo zibonisa izindawo ezihlala kahle endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-70 kuye kwangama-100, kepha iningi la madada asakazeka okungenani ngamamitha angama-600 kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu.
Teal Salvadori uhola indlela yokuphila yemfihlo
Ukusakazeka Teal Salvadori
Teal Salvadori khetha iziza ezidlekayo eduze kwechibi. Izinyoni zidla ngasogwini lwemifula egeleza ngokushesha nemifudlana namachibi asezintabeni. Kwesinye isikhathi, bahlala emifuleni egeleza kancane ngokudla okuningi. Lolu hlobo lwamadada alufuthi futhi kukhona abantu abangashadile noma ngababili bezinyoni ezindala. Izindawo ezinama-Nesting zinosayizi abahlukahlukene bezakhiwo, ngokuya ngezimo zasendaweni. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezimbili zangena endaweni engamamitha ayi-1,600 ubude osebeni lomfula iBaiyer, futhi eMfuleni iMenga, isigaba samamitha ayi-160 sanele izinyoni.
Lolu hlobo lwamadada lukhetha ukuhlala ezimbuthanweni ezincane, futhi eziteshini ezinkulu zemifula livela kaningi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, mhlawumbe futhi ngoJanuwari. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, ama-masonries amabili ngonyaka kungenzeka. Lesi sidleke sitholakala emhlabathini noma eduze nogu ezilwanyeni eziminyene, kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwezakhiwo. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-4. Abesifazane kuphela abafaka ubumbano cishe izinsuku ezingama-28. Ukubiyela mhlawumbe kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingekho ngaphansi kwama-60. Zombili lezi zinyoni ezindala zishayela amadada, insikazi ibhukuda ngamantshontsho ahleli ngemuva kwakhe.
I-Teal Salvadori encane
Umnotho
Ngenkathi uWalter Rothschild no-Ernst Hartert bechaza okokuqala uTechalvvori ngonyaka we-1894, bambeka endaweni efanayo eyakhiwe ngohlobo oluthile lwe-monotypic genus ISalvadorina. Akukho okubhaliselwe. Kuqala, imvamisa ibibekwa edokini lomfula waseNingizimu Melika kanye nedada eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka laseNew Zealand - izinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo olufanayo lwendalo - esizweni esibizwa ngeMerganettini. Ngeminyaka yama-1940s, u-Ernst Mayr wathuthela inhlanyelo enkulwini yamadada. I-Anthrax i-genera ngokusekelwe kuzici ezimbalwa ze-anatomical. Yabuye yavuselelwa ngohlobo lwayo futhi yathuthelwa ngaphansi kwezingulube zeTadorninae pegans, futhi equkethe i-stream duck kanye ne-duck eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyindlela yokuguqula isimo yathuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yokuhlala intaba. Zonke noma ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zingasinda imvelaphi yemisebe yasendulo yaseGondwanan waterfowl (Sraml nabanye 1996).
I-duck ejwayelekile namagama ohlobo, bobabili bakhumbula i-ornithologist yase-Italy yangekhulu le-18 uTommaso Salvadori. i-waigiuensis Igama lezinhlobo libhekisela kwiWaigeo (eyaziwa nangokuthi yiWaigiu), isiqhingi esiseduze naseNew Guinea.
Ububanzi nendawo yokuhlala
UTeal Salvadori ungowokudabuka eNew Guinea, yize kuthiwa inhlobo yalolo hlobo yahlangana esiqhingini sase-Indonesia saseVeijo, kunokungabaza okuthile mayelana nobuqiniso balesimangalo, njengoba izinhlobo manje sezingatholakali lapho. Umhlali osezingeni eliphakeme ukusuka lapho, i-teal Salvadori ithanda imifula nemifudlana egeleza ngokushesha, yize kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala namachibi amile.
Ukulondolozwa nokusongelwa
I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ibhale kuTral Salvadori njengosengozini. Isamba sonke somhlaba njengamanje esilinganiselwa ukuthi siphakathi kwabangu-2 500 no-9 999 abantu abavuthiwe kucatshangwa ukuthi sincipha ngokwezinga eliphakathi.Lapho ukuzingela, ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala nokudla okwenziwe izinja kuphakathi kwezinsongo, lolu hlobo lobuso, futhi ukuncintisana nezinhlanzi zezemidlalo nakho kungadala izinkinga.
- UBeehler, uBruce M., Pratt, Thane K. noZimmerman, uDale A. (1986): izinyoni zegiya elisha. IPrinceton University Press, eNew Jersey.
- USraml, M., Christidis, L., Easteal, S., Horn, P. & Rim, C. (1996): Ubuhlobo beMoleya Ngaphakathi kwe-Australiafowg Waterfowl (Anseriformes). Ijenali yase-Australia ye-Zoology44 (1): 47-58. (Isifinyezo se-HTML)
Isimo Sokulondolozwa KweThole laseSalvador
I-Teal Salvadori ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini yi-IUCN (IUCN). Isamba somhlaba wonke okwamanje silinganiselwa ku-2 500 no-20,000 wabantu abadala futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibalo sezinyoni ezingandile siyaqhubeka nokuhla, njengoba italv yaseSalvadori ivumelaniswa nendawo yokuhlala nendawo ekhethekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke inani layo lizohlala lincane.
Izimbangela Zokuncipha Kwe Teal Salvador
Inani le-Teal Salvadori lehla kancane.
Lokhu kwehla kungenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokugcwala kwemifula, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezimayini nokungena kwezinkuni. Yize lo mphumela ubonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezincane. Ukuzingela nokwandulela izinja, ukuncintisana kwezemidlalo ekudobeni nakho kusongela kakhulu ekubeni khona kwezinhlobo. Ukuzalela emifuleni nge-trout exotic egeleza ngamandla kuyingozi engaba khona yethumbu elingajwayelekile ngenxa yokuncintisana komsoco.
Inani le-Teal Salvadori lehla kancane.
Izinyathelo Zokulondolozwa Kwe-Teal Salvadori
I-Teal Salvadori uhlobo oluvikelwe ngumthetho ePapua New Guinea. Lolu hlobo lwedada luyinto yocwaningo olukhethekile. Ngale njongo kuyadingeka:
- Ukuze wenze ucwaningo ngemifula ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona i-Teal of Salvadori kanye nokuthola isilinganiso sethonya le-anthropogenic ekwakhiweni kwezinyoni.
- Ukuhlola ubungako bethonya lokuzingela ngenani lamadada angavamile.
- Phenya umphumela wezitshalo zamandla kagesi wamanzi emfuleni ukhuphukela naphansi, kanye nemiphumela yokungcola kusuka emisebenzini yezimayini neyokungena.
- Hlola imifula ngenani elikhulu le-trout futhi uthole ithonya lokuba khona kwalezi zinhlanzi ngenani le-teal.
- Phenya umthelela wezinto zezemvelo emachibini kanye nasemifuleni.
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