Kwamasiko e-mythopoetic, isithombe se-Spider sihlobene umsebenzi wokudala, amakhono okusebenza, ukuzikhandla, amabika avumayo (cf. maqondana nalesi sinqatselo sokubulala iSicabucabu), ukuhlakanipha, kanye nesihluku esibandayo (cf. ukuncela igazi, ubuSathane njengokufezekiswa kwezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso zeSpider ebuKristwini), ukuhaha, naphezu kwamakhono obuthakathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iSpider sisetshenziswa emithini yemilingo zombili ukuvikela umuntu ezifweni, nokuzithumela kuye (ngomlingo omnyama). Ngenhloso yemilingo, iSicabucabu sivezwa kuma-talismans: amaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika eChippewa alengisa iwebhu yesigcawu ngaphezulu kwesibeletho sengane ukuze imvikele kunoma yikuphi ukulimala).

Kunezindaba ezaziwayo ukuthi uSigcawu usindise kanjani umntwana u-Kristu ezinhlungwini zikaHerode (cf. izinhloso ezifanayo zokusindisa ezitheni zikaDavid, uMuhammad ngosizo lweSpider kanye ne-web weaved yakhe). Kuguqulwe ku-Spider ngecala elithile, isimilo se-mythological sebuntu (cf. inganekwane yesiGreki yase-Arachne) igcina amandla okubuka. Kokunye, i-Spider enobuciko bendwangu ifundisa abantu ubuciko bokuqala (iToba Spider yayingumuntu wokuqala ukuluka phakathi kwamaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika), imvamisa ingowokuqala wobuciko, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba noma izingxenye zawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zadalwa. Ngakho kusiko lasendulo laseNdiya, iBrahma, njengeSicabucabu, ivele kuye yemithetho yezwe nemicimbi yomhlaba (Lapha kuwebhu kukhona isithombe sendwangu ye-cosmic, ubunyoninco bendawo yonke), phakathi kwabantu base-Akan (eNtshonalanga Afrika), isicabucabu se-Anansi yisidalwa esiphilayo esidala kunazo zonke, phakathi kwamaNauran, uMvelinqangi waphezulu uSpider Areop Enap udala umhlaba kusuka kugobolondo lwesihlakala, kusuka kumjuluko - ulwandle lwasekuqaleni futhi amatshe - abantu, unkulunkulu wesidalwa phakathi kwamaNdiya angamaSioux - isicabucabu uSusistinako, esibonisa isiphambano ezweni eliphansi, wakhomba amaphuzu amane ayinhloko. Isisusa sokuguqula umuntu ukuba abe Spider ekujezisweni siseduze Isigcawu se-spider werewolf (cf., ngokwesibonelo, inganekwane yaseChinese yeWarwolf Spider, ethatha isimo semonki kaBuddha edlala i-zither, i-zare eyethulwe ku iqhawe iphenduka iwebhu futhi iyimphathe). Kwinganekwane kaDungan yensumansumane, umfana omuhle weSpider-intombazane ufika kule ntombazane ebusuku, encibilika nsuku zonke, watholakala ephethe inaliti nentambo wanamathela ezingutsheni zakhe, kodwa abantu abathandanga ukumbulala, njengesandla somlilo esivela ezulwini (= umbani ) ukuthumba isicabucabu sewwolf. Emibhalweni eminingana yama-folklore iwebhu isebenza njengokuqondisa kanye / noma ukusindisa intamboukuxhuma ngasikhathi sinye amazulu nomhlaba noma yimaphi amaphuzu endiza enezingqimba (ku-Amharic tale, iSpider esihlakaniphile sikwazile ukuwela umfudlana kuwebhu ekhanyayo, ebanjwe ngumoya). Amandla okuhamba kuzo zonke izinkomba achaza isisusa samacebo weSpider, esivame ukuvela njenge-trickster (cf. "Bengingubuqili, ngakha iqhinga" kwelinye lezinganekwane zasendlini), yize uSpider ekhohlisiwe. Isisulu sobuqili besiSpider kwesinye isikhathi sihlanganiswa nezinhloso zokuhaha nonya (cf. Izinganekwane zesicabucabu nezimpukane, omiyane nezinye izinambuzane ezincane, inganekwane yaseRussia ye-mizgir - Afanasyev No. 85-86, cf. "Ukhathazekile ukuthi i-mizgir isetheni"). Enye yezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu ze-Spider yisithombe se-Spider-man kanye ne-Spider-Woman, esivame kakhulu phakathi kwamaNdiya aseMelika, sisebenza njengabadali, amaqhawe amasiko namaqhinga.

Isicabucabu ebuKristwini baseYurophu siwuphawu olwesabekayo lokuhaha, ukuba negazi, ubuqili nokukhohlisa kobuDeveli. Isimo esinjalo esingenabuntu kumuntu onosizo singachazwa kuphela yinzondo yobuKhrestu ngayo yonke into yobuqaba, ngoba abantu basendulo eYurophu banesicabucabu - uphawu olwesabekayo lokuhaha nobuchule, futhi e-Asia, e-Afrika, eMelika, e-Australia, e-Oceania, i.e. cishe yonke indawo isicabucabu esenziwe samuntu, indalo, ingcebo nenhlanhla, futhi ukwehla kusuka phezulu kuwebhu kwabonwa njengophawu oluhle lwezipho zaphezulu.

Enganekwaneni yalaba bantu, isicabucabu siyisibonakaliso senyanga nesabesifazane, isiphuphutheki sonkulunkulukazi benyanga, futhi ngesinye isikhathi siyisidina, umgqugquzeli we-Universe, njengasezinganekwaneni zasendulo zaseNdiya. Iziqhingi zase-Micronesian Hilbert Islands zabela lowo ofana noHa-Reau, "uSpider Spider" indima efanayo.

Ukuqanjwa kokuhlakanipha kwasemhlabeni namandla waphezulu endalo kuvela ezinganekwaneni zeHopi Kokiyanvushi (“Isicabucabu”) - isidalwa sokuqala sasemhlabeni esakhiwe ngumenzi wezwe laseThai ukusizakala emhlabeni.

Ezinganekwaneni zamaNdiya aseMelika aseNyakatho Melika, iSpider-Man edume ubopha uMhlaba noSky kanye nemicu yakhe eqinile engabonakali. AmaNdiya ahlonipha isicabucabu njengomuntu onika imvula nanjengesivikeli esivunguvungwini.

Ukufanekiselwa kokudala kugcizelelwa futhi enganekwaneni yasendulo eyaziwayo yaseGreek mayelana nenkosikazi yaseLydia u-Apax, ephendulwa u-Athena onomona waba yisicabucabu. Kwezobuciko obonakalayo, inganekwane yase-Arachne yaboniswa kumanothi abo angenakufa ngamakhosi angenakuphikiswa wokudweba anjengoRubens, Tintoretto, Veronese noVelazquez.

Kuzo zonke izinkolo, ngaphandle kobuKristu, isicabucabu sibukeka njengesidalwa esisebenzayo noma saphezulu. AmaSulumane anenganekwane mayelana nokuthi isicabucabu samsindisa kanjani umprofethi uMuhammad. Ngesinye isikhathi, uMuhammad, ejaha izitha, wabafihla emhumeni omnyama. Lapho sebefike emhumeni, ababulali babefuna ukukusesha, kodwa bebona iwebhu engakatholwa emnyango ekungeneni kwayo, banquma ukuthi akukho muntu lapho, baphuthuma. Kusukela lapho, amaSulumane akhonze isicabucabu njengomuntu waphezulu, okuyisono esikhulu ukubulala. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amaNtaliyane atshele ngqo le ndaba efanayo neSt. Felix, amaJapane mayelana neqhawe elidumile i-Ioroito, namaKristu ngokusindiswa okuyisimangaliso koMndeni oNgcwele. Kodwa-ke, yikhona kuphela laba abakhombisa ukungabongi okukhulu mayelana nesicabucabu, besenza uphawu olunyanyekayo lokuhaha, ukuchitheka kwegazi, izihibe ezingcolile kanye nokwenza samuntu kukaSathane uqobo, ngesihluku esikhohlakele sokuhlela izicabucabu zakhe zesilingo sokubamba imiphefumulo yabantu engenacala. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuhlola okungalungile kwewebhu kuzwakala futhi kubuHindu, lapho kuyinkolelo yeMaya - fragility, illusoryness kanye nokumiselwa kusengaphambili kobuntu basemhlabeni.

Ku-iconograph yobuKristu, isicabucabu esitsheni saseSt. UNorbert ukhonza njengesifaniso sokuphuza ubuthi. Lesi sakhiwo sibonisa inganekwane yesonto mayelana nokuthi umshumayeli waseJalimane uNorbert waphuza kanjani i-wayini enobuthi eyenzelwe inhlanganyelo, kepha ngenxa yokholo lwayo olunezinhlaka nje akazange alimale.

Kumilingo emnyama, ngokusho kobaba bababuzayo, izicabucabu, kanye nezinye izithako zedimoni, zazisetshenziselwa ukuqamba izangoma ezahlukahlukene zobuthakathi. Ngokwezinkolelo zakudala, abathakathi abangamaNgisi, bebamba izicabucabu eziningi, ngosizo lwabo bangayala iziphepho kanye nezivunguvungu.

Emlandweni wozalo wasebukhosini waseScotland uBruce, isicabucabu sidlale indima evelele. Ehlobo lika-1306, inkosi yamaNgisi u-Edward 1 (1272-1307), eyaziwa ngegama lesiteketiso lesishoshovu saseScotland, yanqoba amabutho amavukelambuso avukela amandla aseScotland amaRides aseScotland, futhi umholi wawo, uRobert Bruce, waphoqeleka ukuba acashe ngokulahleka kwesiqhingi saseRatlin. Lapho, uScotland oziqhenyayo waqinisa intando yakhe ngokubona umsebenzi obuhlungu wesigcawu. Ngokwenganekwane, lesi spider sabikezela ukuthi uBruce uzowunqoba iBrithani. Efunda kwisicabucabu saseRatlin ukukhuthazelela bonke ubunzima, umholi wamavukelambuso waseScotland waqala ngenkani ukuthola ukunqotshwa. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, eMpini yeBannockburn, wanqoba abahlaseli, futhi, ekhulula izwe lakubo ejokeni laseBrithani, waba yinkosi yaseScotland. Kusukela lapho, emndenini wakwaBruce, izicabucabu zazibhekwa njengezingcwele.

Ingubo yesimo sezulu inenqwaba yezimpawu zesintu ezikhiqizwe ukuqaphela okwenzeka emakhulwini eminyaka kokuziphatha kwezicabucabu ezibhekene nesimo sezulu. Nazi ezimbalwa nje zazo njengesibonelo.

Uma isicabucabu sisebenza ngenkuthalo, wolula imicu emide, khona-ke kulindeleke ukuthi isimo sezulu esishonile silindelwe. Uma isicabucabu singashukumi, singasebenzi, singalungisi i-network edwengulwe ngumoya, khona-ke maduze lizana. Uma isicabucabu ¬ krestovik uqobo sidabula imicu yewebhu, khona-ke imvula kulindeleke nomoya onamandla. Uma kunezicabucabu eziningi, izinsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo zizoba ngokucacile, isimo sezulu esifudumele, kodwa uma kungenjalo, khona-ke cha. (myfhology.info)

Ukunikela nokususa impilo, isicabucabu sisebenza njengophawu lokufa kwaso nokuba sengozini yokufa, okufakiwe kukaMama Omkhulu ku-hypostasis yakhe embi. Ngalesi sici ekufanekisweni kwesicabucabu, imibono ngokuhlukumezeka kwayo, isihluku, ukuhaha nokukhohlisa, kanye nobuthi bendawo yonke yazo izicabucabu, kuhlangene. Lesi simo sokugcina siholele ekutheni i-spider ijwayele ukusebenza njengokufanekisela ubuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuphuza ubuthi.

Uma sibheka izincazelo zombili, isicabucabu sibonisa imbangela yentuthuko nokufa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu. Lesi simo sinquma ubungqangi besicabucabu njengokomfanekiso wokushintshana kwamandla endalo nokubhujiswa, imijikelezo yokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka yomoya wokuqina, kuqinisekisa ukuzinza komhlaba. Kulokhu, uSchneider uthi uphawu lwesicabucabu lukhombisa "lowo" mnikelo oqhubekayo ", okuyisimo sokudlulisa umuntu ngokuqhubekayo kulo lonke uhambo lokuphila kwakhe. Ngisho nokufa uqobo kumane nje kugxilisa intambo yempilo yangaphambili ukuze iqale ukuskena okusha. ”

Njengomthombo nesizinda sokujikeleza kwesondo lokuphila, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, umthombo ongaba khona wokufa, isicabucabu sisebenza njengophawu oluxhuma isikhathi kanye naphakade. Emfanekisweni wakhe ungathola futhi isithombe sokomfanekiso wama-Gnostic wezwe, odalwe kokubi futhi uqhutshwa izifiso ezinhle.

Ukucacisa kombono wesicabucabu kubuye kuboniswe ekucabangeni kwendima yayo njengomqambi: ngokusho kwemibono ethile, kuveza iqiniso (iqiniso eliphakeme kakhulu), kwabanye - ikhava yokukhohlisa, efihla lokhu okungokoqobo ...

Noma ngabe kunjani, ukubandakanyeka kwesicabucabu ekudaleni, izimfihlo zaphezulu nokusonteka kwezintambo zezimpilo zabantu kumxhumanisa eduze nemicabango yokuphelela nokumiselwa kusengaphambili, ubuthakathi nesipho sokubhula. Kulokhu, isicabucabu esisezingeni lekhaya sivame ukubukwa njengomthwali noma i-harbinger yenhlanhla, ingcebo noma izimpahla zemvelo (imvula). Isicabucabu esihla sivela phezulu kuwebhu kuwuphawu oluvamile (uphawu) lwezipho zaphezulu.

Ukwazi kwesicabucabu ukuhambisa kuzo zonke izinkomba, kufaka phakathi umoya, ukuxhumana kwaso nezithixo zasezulwini kusivumela ukuthi sikubheke njengomlamuleli phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene (kokubheka nangaphezulu), kanye namaqiniso omuntu nawaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, emasikweni amaningi, isicabucabu sisebenza njengesiqondisi somphefumlo ohambweni lwaso lwangemva kokufa, njengomeluleki lapho iqhawe lifuna indlela eya ezulwini noma kwelinye izwe, isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, njll.

Iqiniso lokuthi isicabucabu asidli isisulu saso ngokuphelele, kepha lisikhipha ijusi lempilo kulo, silibeka ebudlelwaneni obukhethekile nomqondo womphefumulo: ezimweni ezihlukile, livela njengemoto yemiphefumulo noma isiphephelo sayo sesikhashana (ifomu), lihlanganyela kuyo ukuthumba, ukulimaza noma ukufa. (simbolarium.ru)

Kucashunwe encwadini kaTed Andrews, Chaza i-Totem Yakho. Imininingwane ephelele yezici Eziyigugu Zezilwane, Izinyoni Nezilwane

Bonke abantu bomhlaba banezinsumansumane namasiko anikezelwe kwisicabucabu. Njengomthetho, abantu abehlukene bamnikeza incazelo efana nale. E-India, wayehlotshaniswa neveli yokukhohlisa, emelela umhlaba wonke owaziwa ngomqondo. Kwinganekwane yamaGrikhi, isicabucabu sasihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi abangamaMoira besiphetho, futhi emasikweni aseScandinavia, kanye nabakwaNorn, abesifazane abelumayo, balinganisa futhi basika imicu yempilo yabantu. Abantu bomdabu baseMelika babheka isicabucabu njengonina womzali, exhuma okwedlule kanye nekusasa.

Ngokungafani nezinambuzane, umzimba wesicabucabu unezingxenye ezimbili, hhayi ezintathu, ezivame ukunika ukwakheka kwesibalo sesishiyagalombili.Ngokuhlanganiswa nemilenze eyisishiyagalombili (esikhundleni esiyisithupha, njengezinambuzane), lokhu kuxhuma isicabucabu nayo yonke imfihlakalo ehlukahlukene ehambisana nesimo sejometri yenombolo eyisishiyagalombili. Njengoba wazi, eziyisishiyagalombili ziwuphawu lokungamameleli. Kuyisondo lempilo, kudlula komunye umbuthano uye kwelinye. Isicabucabu asifundisi nje kuphela ukuthi singayenza kanjani le ukunyakaza okungapheli, kodwa futhi nokuthi singakugcina kanjani ukuqaphela kwakhe ephuzwini eliphakathi nendawo eliyindilinga.

Isicabucabu sikufundisa ukuthi ulondoloze ukulinganisela phakathi kwesikhathi esedlule nesizayo, izinto ezibonakalayo nezokomoya, owesilisa nowesifazane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi, uluka ikusasa lakho. Idesika yekhadi leTarot liqukethe i-Wheel of Fortune Card, elihambisana nokushintshana okungapheli kokuphezulu nokwenyuka. Lowo obizwa nge-totem yakhe yesicabucabu kwesinye isikhathi uzoba usizo ukuzindla ngaleli khadi.

Isicabucabu sivusa kithi umuzwa okhethekile kukho konke okwenzekayo. Ufaka iwebhu encane futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, njengokungathi kusikhumbuza ukuthi okwedlule kuhlala kunethonya elibi esikhathini samanje nesizayo. Imvamisa iwebhu ingathatha isimo sokuphuma komoya, esivame ukudala indalo nentuthuko. Isicabucabu esihlala enkabeni yewebhu yaso sisikhumbuza ukuthi siyisizinda somhlaba wethu. Umbhalo olengiswe ngenhla komnyango weDelphic Oracle: “Zazi wena, futhi wazi umhlaba wonke!” Isicabucabu sibonisa ukuthi umhlaba wakhiwe usizungezile. Thina ngokwethu singabadali besiphetho sethu, siyisonga njengewebhu, ngosizo lwemicabango, imizwa kanye nezenzo zethu.

Ngokombono ongaqondakali nowenganekwane, spider sihlotshaniswa nomlingo wendalo. Isicabucabu siwuphawu lwamandla okudala, afakwe amandla alo okupheqa iwebhu yokunethezeka. Isici esiyisisekelo samandla esicabucabu kuwukuzilolonga kwabo komoya. Kubantu i-totem yabo eyisi spider, i-spiral of cobwebs tapering enkabeni ingaba yinto yokuzindla. Ngabe ulwela ukuthola umgomo noma ufafaza amandla akho, uhamba ngezindlela ezihlukile? Ingabe uyakwazi ukugxila ngokuphelele? Ingabe nawe usungenile kakhulu kuwe? Ngabe uyakhathalela okufezwe abanye abantu ukwedlula okwakho? Ngabe uzizwa uthukuthele futhi ucasukele wena noma abanye?

Isicabucabu singumgcini wezilimi zasendulo nezilimi. Izizwe zonke zinezinganekwane ngokuthi kwenziwa kanjani izilimi nezinhlamvu zezilimi ezahlukahlukene. E-China, ukudalwa kwezinhlamvu zama-hieroglyphic kufakwa kuTsang Chin, unkulunkulu onobuso bekadrake namehlo amane. Waseka kuwo amaphethini ezinkanyezi, amaka egobolondweni leshobhe, nokulandela izinyoni esihlabathini. Unkulunkulu waseScandinavia u-Odin wadala izinhlamvu zama-runic, elenga izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye nobusuku eMthini Wokuphila. Ngemuva kwalokho amagatsha aqhekeka, futhi wakuqonda lokho okwenziwa runes.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabaningi, kukhona izinhlamvu zakudala kakhulu. Idalwe ngesisekelo samaphethini wejometri nama-engeli abonakale kuwebhu yesicabucabu. Nguye ababheka izinhlamvu zokuqala zangempela, nesicabucabu - uthisha wolimi kanye nomphathi womlingo wokubhala. Mhlawumbe totem yabantu “abaluka” imilingo besebenzisa igama elibhaliwe kuyinto yesicabucabu.

Isicabucabu sekuyisikhathi eside sihlotshaniswa nokufa nokuvuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinsikazi zezicabucabu ezithile zibulala futhi zidle owesilisa ngemuva kokuzwana. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kuvame ukutholakala ezweni lesinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, ku-mantis. Ngenxa yokuthi isicabucabu sihlala sakha futhi sifake ama-cobwebs amasha, bekubuye kube uphawu lwamandla ahambisana nezigaba zenyanga ezahlukahlukene. Kubantu i-totem yabo eseyisi-spider, lesi yisikhumbuzo sesidingo sokugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla aphikisanayo. Isicabucabu sifundisa ukuthi ukugcina leli bhalansi kusiza ukwenza ubuqambi.

Abantu bajwayele ukwesaba izicabucabu, hhayi okungenani ngenxa yezincwadi, amafilimu nezinhlelo zethelevishini. Izicabucabu eziningi zinobuthi (yize zimbalwa kuphela eziyingozi kubantu). Ngosizo lobuthi babo, bayabulala noma baholele esimweni sokuphazamiseka kwezisulu zabo.

Umfelokazi omnyama uthokozela idumela elibi kakhulu phakathi kwezicabucabu, yize ezimweni eziningi le nkazimulo ingafanele. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lutholakala kulo lonke elaseMelika. Isicabucabu esidala simnyama futhi sinophawu olubomvu lwe-hourglass esiswini salo. Lesi ngesinye sezicabucabu ezinobuthi kunabo bonke, kepha ubuthi baso abubabulali abantu, njengoba abaningi bekholelwa. Eqinisweni, umfelokazi omnyama uyesaba kakhulu futhi uvame ukwesaba abantu ngokungaphansi, futhi mhlawumbe ukwedlula lokho, ukwedlula yena.

Ama-guarantarant angolunye uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezicabucabu ezinkulu ezaziwa kahle ngabantu. Kuhlonipha lesi spider, umdanso wesintu eningizimu ye-Italy wabizwa ngokuthi "yi-tarantella." Kwakukholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukulunywa yi-tarantula kwenza abantu benze ukunyakaza okukhanyabisayo. Ngakho-ke, umdanso obandakanya ukuhamba isiyingi nokuhamba okusheshayo kwemilenze, uthole leli gama.

I-tarantula ithathwa njengesinye sezicabucabu ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Umzimba wakhe umbozwe izinwele. Njengezicabucabu eziningi, ukulunywa yi-tarantula kunobuthi, kepha kumuntu omdala akayona ingozi ukwedlula ukubhobozwa yinyosi. Ama-Tarantulas ayakwazi ukukhipha intambo, kepha ungaluki iwebhu. Bemba izimbobo noma izimbobo esihlabathini bese becasha ngaphansi. Lapho nje bezwa ukuthi kukhona umuntu osondela endaweni yabo yokukhosela, bagxume baphume, babambe isisulu bese bemhudulela emgodini wabo.

Eqinisweni, izicabucabu eziningi zinobuthakathaka kakhulu. Uma ulahla i-tarantula ezandleni zayo, izophuka futhi ife. Izicabucabu ziyinhlanganisela emangalisayo yobumnene namandla. Lesi isifundo esibalulekile kulabo abahambisana nale totem.

Izicabucabu ziyaziwa ngokuqina kwawo nobunyoninco. Bangakwazi ukugcina ibhalansi futhi bahambe kalula ngentambo emincane yesilika. Akuwona wonke umuntu onikezwa amandla okuhamba ngentambo yokuba futhi alondoloze ibhalansi. Imvamisa izinganekwane namasiko kukhulunywa ngabantu abafunde ukulinganisela - empeleni nase maphusheni - ngentambo emincane phakathi kokuphila nokufa, phakathi kwezwe kanye nezinto ezingokomoya. Lokhu kungafundiswa ngumlingo wesicabucabu, njengoba izicabucabu zihamba kahle ngentambo.

Abantu, bebona izicabucabu emakhaya abo noma eduze kwayo, bavame ukuzwa ukwesaba nokwenyanyeka. Kudingeka bakhumbule ukuthi izicabucabu zenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ngokulawula inani lezinambuzane. Njengomthetho, izicabucabu zihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka, futhi zithanda ukufaka i-web yazo ebumnyameni. Lokhu kusho okuningi ngendlela yokusebenzisa amandla akho obuciko. Ungesabi ukuthi abanye abantu ngeke babonge ubuqambi bakho. Faka imicu yendalo ebumnyameni, bese kuthi lapho imisebe yelanga ibathinte, bacwebezela ubuhle obuhle.

Uma i-spider ivele njenge-totem empilweni yakho, zibuze imibuzo ebalulekile. Ngabe ufaka amaphupho akho kanye nomcabango wakho empilweni yangempela? Uyawasebenzisa amathuba akho wokudala? Awucabangi yini ukuthi unjengokungathi ubanjwe kuwebhu noma wanamathela kuwo? Akusona yini isikhathi sakho ukuthi unake ibhalansi yakho nokuthi uyaphi empilweni? Ngabe uzwa isidingo sokubhala? Kwenzeka kangaki ukuthi uzizwe uphefumulelwe futhi uhlale phansi ukubhala, kepha bese ungawuqedi umsebenzi? Khumbula ukuthi isicabucabu singumgcini wolwazi lwezinhlamvu zokuqala zakudala. Angakufundisa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo nokwakhayo kokuloba ukuze amagama akho afise labo ababafunda kuwebhu yabo. (Esoterics.wikireading.ru)

Izaga namazwi
Lapho kukhona khona isicabucabu, kukhona iwebhu.
Uma izicabucabu ziluka iwebhu ngesikhathi semvula, imvula izophela maduze.
Futhi isicabucabu siqale siphume kuwebhu, bese sibamba izinambuzane.
Lapho umuntu ewa, ngisho nesicabucabu odongeni siyamfakaza.
Indiza-usizi yandiza, kepha isicabucabu sangena ogibeni.
Ukubamba, isicabucabu, izimpukane, imilenze yesizukulwane ayikhishwe.
Kuyangimangaza ukuthi uyisicabucabu, hhayi ukugibela udonga.
Isidingo i-misgir (isicabucabu), futhi obolekayo impukane.
Isicabucabu sehlela kuwe kuwebhu - siletha okuhle.
Isicabucabu silenga kuwebhu - iyana
Ukudla kwenyosi kuphenduka uju, nesicabucabu sibe ubuthi.
Ingabe isicabucabu sigqoka i-web umphimbo womuntu ophilayo?

Izicabucabu
(Zinaida Gippius)
Ngisesitokisini esiqinile - kulomhlaba
Futhi isitokisi sinciphile.
Futhi emakhoneni amane - amane
Isicabucabu esingabonakali

Ziyizimfihlo, zinamafutha futhi zingcolile,
Futhi konke ukuluka, ukusongela, ukhula.
Futhi ukwesaba kwabo kuyesabeka
Umsebenzi ongaphazamiseki.

Ziyi-webs ezine
Kokukodwa, okukhulu, kukhululiwe.
Ngibheke - imihlane yabo iyahamba
Othulini olwembayo lomntwana.

Amehlo ami angaphansi kwewebhu.
Usibabule, uthambile, unamathele.
Nenjabulo intokozo
Izicabucabu ezine ezinonile.

* * *
(Emily Dickinson)
Isicabucabu sigqoke ubusuku bonke
Ngaphandle kokukhanya - ngaphandle kosizo lwezandla -
Kumhlophe kuyindilinga emhlophe.

URushka esikhwameni sabesifazane
Noma ishezi lenswe selilungile -
Uzozitshela kuphela - ngaphandle kwamazwi.

Isu lakhe lelo
Ikhono lokungafi:
Uyazidonsa.

* * *
(Emily Dickinson)
Isicabucabu siyinkosi enhle
Ukuqashelwa ngeke kutholakale -
Ngingaqinisekisa
Ubukhulu bomsebenzi wakhe
Yonke imishanelo nayo yonke uMartha
Yonke indawo - kunoma yiliphi ikhaya.
Indodana yesidlwengu ikhohliwe -
Nika isandla kuwe ukuxhawula!

Maye kuNaum wakudala (khipha)
(Nikolai Nekrasov)
Ingxenye yeminyaka yaphila uNaum
Futhi awuzange ukhathaze
Umqondo wezwe wasebenza kukho,
Futhi inhliziyo yami yayilala ngokuthula.

Ngakhumbula ukuhlangana naye
Ama-oki amahle ngokuzithandela
Engadini yami: kukhona ukhula olukagqinsiwe
Isicabucabu sisebenza kanzima.

Ekuseni wehla ngaphezu kwesisodwa
Kukhokhoba elincanyana,
Njengomphambukeli ku-strrope,
Kwezinye izimpethu

Lowo miyane wabanjiswa
Futhi wadonsa ngamandla.
Futhi ukudla isidlo sasemini, waqhubeka
Imisebenzi ejwayelekile.

Futhi waletha, njengokungathi kombukiso,
Isicabucabu yiwebhu yami.
Indwangu enjalo! Yini stock
Ngonyaka omnyama!

Kukhona yonke imihlambi yama-midges
Sazitholela amathuna
Izimvemvane zafika lapho -
I-Flying Dotswing,

Umakhelwane wakhe, esinye isicabucabu,
Kufike lapho, wahlushwa.
Futhi eyami - iphume esandleni!
Wanelisekile, ubushelelezi, unonile.

Lokho kuthula ngokuthula ekhoneni
Lokho kuzoluma impukane.
Isicabucabu siphila ngokukhazimula:
Ungadabuki hhayi ugwala!

Njengesigcawu
(UConstantine Balmont)
Njengesigcawu ngokwaso sizala iwebhu,
Futhi, esisindayo, idala umoya wentambo, -
Umculi usakha kanjani isithombe sakhe,
Ilungisa imicimbi yokudlulisela, -

Ngakho-ke kusukela kwaPhakade kuza umhlaba -
Ubulukhuni nobunye bokuba.
Umhlaba owodwa, kepha kulomhlaba kuze kube phakade ezimbili: -
Yena, Ongagudluki, Yena, Ongathandiyo - nami.

Ithrekhi yokuqala
(Vladimir Orlov)
Kukhona ingulube
Ngomoya.
Kukhona ingulube
Ngokusho kwenye iwebhu.
Ukuhamba ngokwesaba
Kuyaqhubeka ngokuqapha.
Kuhle, okusabisayo i-emy
Futhi ngeshwa.
Ngokokuqala ngqa
Waphuma endlini
Futhi konke akuzwayo
Angijwayele
Futhi konke akubonayo
Angazi
Kepha kuyathakazelisa!
Kepha kuyathakazelisa!
Kukhona ingulube
Ngomoya.
Kukhona ingulube
Ngokusho kwenye iwebhu.
U-Tripropy kwesokunxele
Enye ingulube encane -
Wabona lokho ngemuva
Kuqala.

Gnome
(UVadim Shefner)
Ku-slot efasiteleni esobala
Usebenze ubusuku bonke
Nayi iwebhusayithi yokuhleba
Lala phezulu.

Hhayi impukane noma inundu
Yathathwa nesicabucabu -
Wakhulula amafu
Kokubili ihlathi nebanga elikude.

I-gnome enamandla grey
Wayenganakwa
Kepha konke lokho kwakungaphandle kwewindi
Wabamba inetha lakhe,

Kuphume ilanga
Nesikebhe emfuleni
Futhi indiza indiza
IHung njengasehhemeni.

Ngangiqonda umnyombo womdlalo wakhe,
Ngibekelwe okusalungiswa.
Oh bengingaxhumeka kuwo wonke umhlaba
Phonsa isikhashana!

. Zlozlochny ukusakaza inethiwekhi
Yonke into engaphandle kwewindi
Ukubhekisisa konke eduze -
Futhi akuyeke kamuva.

Isicabucabu
(UPhilip Piraev)
Ukuzulazula etafuleni kusihlwa
Isicabucabu esilinganayo.
Ukwazi, ukuhola ukungqongqoza endlini,
il uzonginika imali mngani.

Umsindo odlula ngendlela ethile
ukonga ngokuthula
isicabucabu sesandla se-octave
ngentambo yesipoki.

Umnikazi weSayensi yeSwingr,
ufuna ukuhlaba umxhwele
ukuthi impilo imane nje iyiqhinga lobuqili
futhi mncane njengentambo.

Ukuhlikihla, ukuzama isicabucabu,
engazi
okuzoba yindawo yezinhlamvu
kubhukwana

Isicabucabu esikhulu
(kusuka ezinkondlweni zikaGuangxi)
Ungene nini? Ngokusebenzisa igebe ewindini
noma kusuka kwizimbobo zokuhlwa?

Lapho ngivula ikhabethe igesi ekhishini.
isicabucabu esikhulu esivela lapho
kubukeka sengathi kubi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho wanyamalala ngaso leso sikhathi
Ngemuva kwamapayipi amanzi.
Kwangathi angaba yisinengiso ngokubukeka nokubukeka
Futhi okwesabisayo abantu
Kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nokukhumbula kuyisinengiso.

Kepha akubanga namkhondo. Akunothuli noma ama-cobwebs.
Ngavula wonke amakhabethe namafasitela.
Kepha konke okufanayo akwazanga ukuqhuba.

Youkai amabie

Njengoba abantu abaningi bazi, iziqhingi zaseJapan, ngaphezu kwabantu, zihlalwa ngemimoya namademoni ahlukahlukene. Ukusuka konkulunkulu abanjengo-Amaterasu ukuya emimoyeni yokuziphindiselela yama-slipper amadala nezambulela

Phakathi kwamanye ama-youkai, u-Amabie obukeka ehlekisayo uhlala eJapan.

Uvele esifundazweni saseHige ngonyaka we-1846, manje sekuyiKumamoto Prefecture. Yebo, yisifunda uqobo saso leso mascot saba yizwi elidumile "ngenkazimulo kaSathane."

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, bafunda ukusungula izidalwa ezihlekisayo esifundeni saseKumamoto kudala.

Ngokuya ngenganekwane, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kungabonakala emanzini asogwini ubusuku obuningana ngokulandelana esifundazweni saseHige. Ngobunye ubusuku, isikhulu sesifundazwe sahamba sathola ukuthi hlobo luni lwemisebe eyinqaba. Lapho esondela, kwaqhamuka isidalwa esingajwayelekile phambi kwakhe, esasizethula njengo-Amabie. Utshele lesi sikhulu ukuthi iminyaka eyisithupha yokuvuna inala iyeza. U-Amabie uphinde wathi uma kwenzeka begula, lesi sikhulu kufanele sikhombise bonke abantu bendawo isithombe sika-Amabie, ngoba kuzobavikela. Eseshilo lokho, wabuyela olwandle. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, kwavela indaba ekhuluma ngo-Amabie nokuqoshwa kwesithombe sakhe ephephandabeni ukuze abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka bakwazi ukuyibona.

I-Amabie iyi-youkai enhle ngoba, ngokwezinganekwane, ubonakala exwayisa abantu ngobhubhane oluzayo futhi azame ukuzivikela. Ukuhlangana naye, ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa eziningi zezinganekwane zaseJapan, akusongeli umuntu ngezinkinga ezinkulu. Unezinwele ezinde nomzimba oqinile. Kanye nomlomo onjengogodo nemilenze emithathu. Iyakhanya ngokukhanya okukhanyayo okungabonakala usuka ogwini.

Kukhona nenkolelo yokuthi uma udweba i-Amabie futhi ubonise umdwebo kubantu, khona-ke lesi sifo sizokudlula.

UMatewu Mayer umzekeliso

Umfanekiso ovela kumculi ngaphansi kwegama elithi Shadow. Ngokusobala, kuso, i-Amabie yabanjwa yi-coronavirus enonya futhi izoyidla. Isifiso sokudla, Amabie!

Ubhubhane isikhathi esibi futhi esinzima, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukulondolozela umuzwa wokuhlekisa, ngalo u-Amabie ongasisiza ngokuphelele. Futhi uma ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa yedwa akukho okuzokwenza ngokwakho noma uma udinga okuthile ukujabulisa izingane, khona-ke kungenzeka ukudweba i-Amabie.

Umsebenzi wami

Ngidweba eSaii, ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokwezinga le-amateur, ikakhulu ezithombeni zaseScandinavia

I-Lego Argo (Umkhumbi Wezinganekwane)

Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, iqembu lamaGreek, kufaka phakathi uHercules noThemes, lahamba noJason emkhankasweni omude weGolden Fleece enkulu. Basuka ngomkhumbi obizwa nge-Argo. Babedumile kangangokuba amantombazane abuza izithandwa zawo: "Unesibindi njengama-Argonauts?"

Ake ngikubonise i-Argo, umkhumbi okwenziwe kuwo uhambo olude noludabukisayo.

Emkhunjini ungabona ama-Argonauts uqobo, ama-Hercules (iqhawe elibabazekayo elinentshebe nezinwele ezimfushane, amahlombe akhe engekho isikhumba sebhubesi (ubuso bukhona nezithombe eziningi)), uJason usekhanda kanti isigubhu sakha isigqi kubahleli. Isibalo sempumulo siyizinhloko zeHydra, ezake zahlulwa yiHercule enamandla.

Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izici ezisebenzayo zomkhumbi:

1) Amarowu wama-oars anweba izimbumbulu zangaphambili

2) Ama-Oars angalingisa ukuhamba okujikelezayo kwabahleli ngokulekelelwa ngamagiya angemuva.

Kungakho ungakwazi ukuphinda ugcwalise ingxenye yale nganekwane enhle noLego.

Ngijabule uma uyithandile, ikakhulukazi ngiyajabula uma uwusekela lo mbono. Inhlanhla futhi ube nosuku oluhle!

Ngithumele nale modeli emibonweni ye-Lego. Uma ungameseka kusukela kusixhumanisi esingezansi, ngizokubonga kakhulu, ngoba senginemibono eminingi engenziwa evela ezinganekwaneni. Angifuni ukubheka kuphela izinganekwane zaseGrisi yasendulo, kodwa futhi nezinganekwane zakudala zaseRussia (ngokwesibonelo, intaba efanayo ebiza ini). Futhi futhi kufanelekile ukubheka nje umlando wasendulo, ngoba kunemicimbi eminingi ethakazelisa ukuphinda usebenze ku-Lego.Ngakho-ke, ngizojabula uma uphonsa imicabango yakho kulokhu.

I-P.S. Ekugcineni, okungenani umbono othile wamukelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho asikwazi ukwamukela i-Zeta Shuttle kusuka ku-ZV, asikwazi ukwamukela abaqaphi abavela eHalo, asikwazi ukwamukela i-Saloon evela ezweni lasendle lasentshonalanga, Asikwazi ukwamukela noma imiphi imodeli ngamandla.

Ukudalula izinganekwane mayelana ne-wave genetics, telegonia, iziqalekiso nemikhuleko

UPlekanchuk V., umfundi owathola iziqu ze-Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS.

Sibona ubuntombi, sinikeze iDNA yethu ukulalela imikhuleko, i-smear ne-quantum information okhilimu - izimfihlo zenjabulo nezempilo ezivela kubabazi be-pseudoscientist. Ukuzinikezela kuP.P. Garyaev, obambe iqhaza kuma-semi-fain womklomelo; I-Honorary Academician ye-VRLA - 2019.

Ake siqale ngobuntu bukaP.P. Garyaev. Uma ubheka ikhasi lakhe futhi uhlole imithombo yabezindaba, ama-regalia akhe abukeka emangalisa futhi agqugquzela ukuzethemba: i-Institute, umongameli, udokotela wezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kungenzeka ngempela unesimo esibalulekile sesayensi.

Kepha ake sibheke ukuthi amagama amakhulu nejazi elimhlophe lihlala lisho usosayensi onekhono.

Okokuqala, i- "Russian Academy of Natural Science", iRussian Academy Yezemvelo, kanye ne-RAMT, yinhlangano yomphakathi, inhlangano yomphakathi yesayensi engahlobene neRussian Science of Science futhi igxekwa yinqwaba yabafundi kanye nabasebenzi beRAS ukuthi amanye amalungu ayo angabantu kude nesayensi, ngaphandle kwemfundo efanele nomsebenzi owamukelekile wesayensi.

Okwesibili, i-Institute of Quantum Genetics, okuthi uGaryaev abe ngumongameli wayo - lokhu kuvame ukuba yi-LLC, okungukuthi, inkampani enesikweletu esilinganiselwe, imisindo, enhle, kepha empeleni kuyinhlangano yezentengiselwano.

Ekugcineni, isihloko okuthiwa "Doctor of Biological Science" sanikezwa yena yi-non-state Higher Inter-Academic Certification Commission (WACA), hhayi i-Higher Certification Commission of Russia (HAC).

Lapho ujwayelana nemibono esemqoka kaGaryaev, uthola umuzwa wokuthi uyadlalwa: usosayensi, ngisho nesihloko esithengiwe, angeke akhange imibono enjalo. Ngithanda ukucaphuna uBorodin PM, okhishwe ephephandabeni elithi "In Defence of Science" kwiKhomishini Yokulwa Nokulwa Kwezimpikiswano kanye ne-Falsification of Science Science mayelana noGaryaev: "Umuntu onemfundo ephakeme yemvelo akakholelwa kakhulu kulokhu okungenangqondo." Kepha empeleni, uPyotr Petrovich emisebenzini yakhe nakwisayithi ubambeke kakhulu emiqondweni engathandekiyo njenge- “DS teleportation”, “genome njenge-laser eyinkimbinkimbi yama-laser”, “ikhodi yofuzo”, “ikhompiyutha yolwazi” futhi, ekugcineni, "Okhilimu bolwazi be-Quantum" (!). Ngakho-ke sifike empendulweni yombuzo, kepha kungani konke lokhu? LESI SILAHLA SESIMALI SENZA IMALI.

Kuwebhusayithi yakhe kunenqwaba yemisebenzi nemikhiqizo, "impilo nokuthuthuka kwamandla komuntu," okuthiwa kungalapha cishe yonke into, kusuka ekushisweni okubulalayo kuya kumdlavuza. Onke la “ma-biomatrices, umatikuletsheni wolwazi we-quantum, ama-modulators, ama-caps-wave-wave capsule” nokunye “okusunguliwe” kweGaryaev kuthembisa izimangaliso zokutakula, noma ngabe unaluphi uhlobo lokugula, futhi kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi i-DNA “ingezwa” imisindo, amagama, imicabango. "Saphetha esiphethweni," kusho uP.P. UGaryaev - ukuthi igama langempela lithinta iDNA. "Izindlebe" zegagasi zeDNA zishintshwe ngokukhethekile ekubonakaleni kokudlidliza kwenkulumo. Eminye imiyalezo iyamphulukisa, abanye bayamlimaza. Isibonelo, isiqalekiso sichitha izinhlelo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza komzimba okujwayelekile. ”

Ukwelapha ukuthi “Ekhotheni elikhethekile, isiguli silalela izinhlelo ezizwakalayo ezinemininingwane efakiwe. Lolu lwazi lungatholwa ngama-molecule e-DNA ama-neurons kanye ne-astrocyte (amaseli obuchopho) okuhloselwe kuwo, noma amaseli nokwakheka kwethimba lezitho zomzimba wethu ”(imininingwane evela kuwebhusayithi kaGaryaev).

Futhi manje siphendukela ebufakazini bale mibono, noma kunalokho kungabi bikho kwabo.

Njengoba isazi sezakhi sofuzo uLeonid Korochkin asho, ezingxabanweni zikaGaryaev azikho izakhi zofuzo - noma ezijwayelekile noma "amagagasi", ngoba azinayo imininingwane ethize mayelana nofuzo.Akukho lutho lukakhonkolo futhi kufakazelwe kulo mayelana nesakhiwo esihle se-genome nokuthi lesi sakhiwo sisebenza kanjani ngokuqondile esimeni lapho kwakhiwa khona isici esithile. Kepha kukhona i-pseudosciological zaumi eyanele: "Isakhiwo sesibonakaliso se-fluid crystal topologies ye-chromosome kuendelea njengesistimu yokuguqula amasimu endabuko yomzimba, kanye nemisebe yangaphandle kuwo, kufanele kube kubanzi futhi kwakha uhlobo oluthile lobuningi bezilimi, uhlobo lwendawo enkulu yemvelo evamile kuhlobo ngalunye lwenqubo."

Amalungelo obunikazi amaningi, izindatshana, ama-monographs kanye nezincwadi zikaGaryaev zidalwe ngemali yazo kumamagazini angabhekisisiwe futhi awahambisani nesayensi. Ngesimo ngobufakazi obubekwe ngaphambili iziphetho ezingabazisayo ezivela izihloko okungabazisayo, ngokuvamile zonke kuleyo ndaba, angeke zifezeke. Co-abalobi izihloko musa ukuqinisekisa iqhaza kwazo, amafomula ku izifundo okungalungile, computations azilungile, kodwa ucwaningo Awukadlali kuphi kodwa ngezinye Garyaev. Ukuhlolwa kukaP. Garyaev kwagxekwa, lapho asolwa khona ngokungazinaki izinkambiso zokuhlolwa okwamukelwa kwisayensi nokungazazi izisekelo zemikhakha efanele.

Okudabukisayo nokumangazayo kwehlukile. Iqiniso lokuthi "ukwahlukaniswa okungabili okuhlukanisayo kochungechunge lwe-semantic" lingena emaphephandabeni esayensi kuthola isitshalo - kuvunywa yisayensi esemthethweni.

Ngenxa yalokho: ukuliveza lingamanga wezesayensi kanye nokubhidliza ukuthembeka ososayensi.

Futhi manje ake hambisa ku umbono olandelayo (funda: fanazii) Garyaev:

I-Telegonia - ithonya lowesilisa wokuqala kubo bonke abantwana abalandela lo wesifazane

Okusho ukuthi, umlingani wokuqala kwezocansi "udlulisela izimpawu zakhe" kubo bonke abantwana besifazane, ngisho nakwamanye amadoda. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yizimpikiswano zikaGaryaev mayelana nezizwe nezinhlanga: "uma umuntu wokuqala wayengumuntu weNegro, khona-ke izingane ezizayo zizoba nezimpawu zakhe."

Ngisho noma, ngaphakathi spite of engenangqondo ka zayaleniya, ngakho, ngombono wami, lokhu zindaba ezimnandi! Ngakho, amantombazane, ukuphila nokugenca bhala: uthole wokuya ocansini kukammangali lokuqala nalelo duna-alpha, umuntu ophelele, bese kungenzeka ukuze ukuphila komuntu kube izingane yinoma ubani hhayi ukukhathazeka mayelana zofuzo.

"Uma kusetshenziswe ikhondomu, lokhu akufaki" ukufakwa kuhlu "kozalo lwendoda yokuqala kumaseli okuzala owesimame, ngoba isakhi semisebe se-sperm photon sinamandla amakhulu.” (imininingwane evela esizeni seGaryaev).

"Ukuze ube nenzalo ejwayelekile, kumele ube nendoda eyodwa, ubaba oyedwa hhayi inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo" (ekhonjiwe uGaryaev). Uma uqala ukugxeka noma isiphi isitatimende Garyaev, kunengozi hhayi stop, ngoba ekuphikiseni hochotsya zonke ngokuphelele azishoyo. "Inzalo Jwayelekile" - ngokuvamisile lokho? Mhlawumbe kusho ukuthi asikho isifo? Lapho-ke amathuba okuba nezingane ezizwakalayo kuhambisana nozalo lowokuqala, futhi uma lo ophathina naye wayenempilo? Ngakho-ke izingane zizoba "ezijwayelekile", eziphikisana ne-thesis "Ukuze ube nezingane ezijwayelekile ...". Akucaci. Futhi yini engalungile "inhlanganisela izakhi zofuzo"? Sonke yakhiwa ingxube zezakhi zofuzo, alleles, futhi kulapho nhlobonhlobo ngcono, ngoba lokhu futhi wadala ukuvela ukuzala. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvela ukuthi abesilisa abaningi baneqhaza kwi-DNA yenzalo, lapho kukhulu ukwahlukahluka kofuzo, kuba ngcono inzalo.

Kodwa-ke, ngeke sivumele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube ne-telegonia, ngoba sekudlule isikhathi eside futhi ikhohliseka ukuthi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ikhona le nto, ukwenziwa kabusha kokuhlolwa okukhombisa ukuthi ubukhona be-telegonia abuzange buveze into enjengale.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingabe uGariaev “angazicoca” futhi asize ngamagagasi nemilingo yakhe yomsindo, akafani yini? Ukusho ukuthi "ongcolile" futhi sipho ukususa umonakalo we spool.

Kuyadabukisa ikakhulukazi ukuthi abantu abaningi kangaka ukuthi sithonyeka kalula lokhu abantu abazibheka njengososayensi uhlobo nge yabo imishini "super-kahle", ubuchwepheshe, izimonyo nokunye. Abantu abagula kakhulu bayenqaba ukuthola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha, bakholelwa ukhilimu omangalisayo womdlavuza kanye negagasi lengculazi, kwesinye isikhathi bekhipha imali yokugcina.

- imininingwane eminingi equkethwe kwi-DNA ngesimo segagasi (elizulisayo - emibhalweni ehlukene umbhali ulibhala ngezindlela ezihlukile, imvamisa egcizelela ku-acoustic, kepha ekhuluma nge-optical, torsion nabanye),

- I-DNA iyakwazi ukuthola imininingwane, kufaka phakathi imizwa, kusuka enkulumweni yezwi,

- i-molecule ye-DNA iyakwazi ukudlulisela imininingwane (ngokwesibonelo, ngeseli yayo) ngendlela egagasi iye kugongolo lwe-laser (noma abanye "abathwali", inqubo yokudlulisela ayivezwa emisebenzini kaGaryaev) futhi ithola ulwazi olunjalo olungadala imiphumela ye-morphogenetic and ngokomzimba, ngokwesibonelo, ukululama ( Umlingo wokuzwela)

- Ngemuva kokufa kwezidalwa eziphilayo, kuqala ngeseli ngisho ne-DNA ehlukile, i-phantom yazo igcinwa izinsuku ezingama-40, ekwazi ukuthinta eminye imizimba nezinkambu (ikakhulukazi, isipiliyoni esiyisisekelo sikaGaryaev, ngokusho kwezitatimende zakhe, ukuthi i-DNA yokusakaza ebonakalayo yagcinwa nangemva kokuba i-DNA isusiwe kudivayisi)

- ingane ingaphetha imininingwane eyifa elivela kumuntu (owesilisa) okungeyena ubaba wakhe, kodwa owayengumlingani kamama ocansini phambilini (telegonia).

Kulesi sihloko, kuhlaziywa eminye imibono kaP.P. Garyaev, nokho eminye futhi ayinangqondo futhi ayinasisekelo futhi ayemukelwa ngokuphelele ngumphakathi wesayensi.

1. Emelianenkov A. Thenga udokotela. Hhayi isoseji, kodwa dissertation // Iphephandaba laseRussia, 03/22/2002.

2. Yini okufanele siyithenga “ngobudokotela”? I-dissertation ... Ikhophi eligcinwe ngomlando ngoMashi 24, 2012 kwi-Wayback Machine // "Republic", No. 39-40 (372-373), 05/15/2002.

3. UKorochkin L. I. Neolysenkovschina ephephandabeni laseRussia // I-Literary iphephandaba, No. 9 (5869) Mashi 6 - Mashi 12, 2002

4. Ikhomishini Yokulwa Nokuhlaselwa Kwezimpi kanye Nokuqina Kokucwaninga KweSayensi ngaphansi kwe-Presidium ye-Russian Academy of Science (ed. ed. Kruglyakov EP.] Ngokuvikela isayensi. - M.: Nauka, 2008 .-- V. 4. - S. 169-173, 174-176. - 210 k. - I-ISBN 978-5-02-036841-5.

Ukudalula inganekwane yokuthi amaTatar-Mongols abengekho eRussia: mayelana nokukholelwa kwemfundiso ka-A.A. Klyosova

U-Kostyukov A.A., umfundi othweswe iziqu eMnyangweni Wezomthetho-sisekelo noMthetho kaMasipala IGiP, iTyumen State University.

I-Reptiloid ngesikhathi sokuphenywa ngemibuzo kwabantu beNkathi Ephakathi - usayizi wokuphila

Namuhla sihlongoza ukuqala uhlaziyo ngesaga esithi "Ukuphindaphinda kungumama wokufunda." Kungani enza kahle naye? Ngoba sonke empilweni kufanele sibhekane nezinkomba ezaziwa kakhulu ze-pseudosci science zemicabango yabantu ezimweni zansuku zonke ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwekhono lokuphendukela kwinombolo yemithombo eyakhayo yokwakha impendulo enengqondo nenekhono. Abantu abanamathela esithombeni sesayensi yezwe kwesinye isikhathi badinga “ukwazi isitha ngokubona” futhi bahlale bekulungele ukuphikisana nokuhlaselwa “kwabanye ochwepheshe”.

Ngakho-ke, sizohlaziya isikhundla se-pseudosciical classical mayelana "nokungabikhona kwejoka lamaTatar-Mongol" eRussia, ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ye-pseudosci Scientist kaProfessor A. Klesova.

Thesis 1. "Futhi noma ngabe silahla amaqiniso wokuthi" ama-Mongoloids asendle "awazange athinte amasonto aseRussia, abeka intela ka-10% kuphela eRussia (manje uhulumeni usikhokhisa malini?), Akazange afake ukubhala kwabo nolimi, ke iqiniso lokuthi abashiyanga "mkhondo" waseMongoloid eRussia noma kulo lonke elaseYurophu, bedlula emazweni lapho ibutho leBatu Khan lidlule khona. "

Isibonelo sendlela amaMongol-Tatars "awazange awathinte ngayo" amasonto aseRussia:

· Isonto elonakalisiwe leshumi eKiev,

· Amasonto eRyazan ebhujisiwe.

Nakhu indlela umlobi wezindaba elichaza ngayo ku- "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan Batu":

“Ngosuku lwesithupha, ekuseni ngafika ukuba ngichithe isichotho, i-ovii isuka emililweni, ngiphume emikhubeni emibi, naku-ynami nginezitebhisi ezibaliwe. Futhi ukuthatha idolobha laseRezani ngenyanga kaDisemba, izinsuku ezingama-21. Futhi sebefikile esontweni, umama ongcwele kaNkulunkulu noGrand Duchess Agrepѣna, umama kaGrand Duke, kanye namalokazana abo kanye nezinye izinkemba zamakhosazana akwa-Isekosh, kanye nombhishobhi kanye nomkhosi wobupristi bahanjiswa ngomlilo esontweni elingcwele, futhi kunokunye okuningi kubo. Emzini wabantu abaningi, kusukela kumfazi nakubantwana bezinkemba ze-Isekosh, nabanye emkhosini wezikhukhula. Futhi ama-hees, isilo esimnyama kuya kwezinsalela ze-Isekosh.Futhi wonke umuzi washiswa, futhi wonke umklamo wawenziwe ngamabomu, umcebo waseRezani kanye nabahlobo babo beKiev neChernigov poimasha. Kepha amathempeli kaNkulunkulu ayachithakala, futhi kunegazi eliningi elachitheka ema-aldareni angcwele. ”

"ElingenaNkulunkulu yinkosi Batu nokubona obusayo kokuchitha igazi somKristu futhi vozyarisya futhi ngokudlulele bacindezeleke. Futhi niye edolobheni laseSuzdal naseVladimerer futhi nifuna ukusabalalisa umhlaba waseRuska, futhi ukholo lobuKhristu luqedwe, nebandla likaNkulunkulu lonakaliswe. ” .

"Siege of Ryazan." Kusuka esithombeni sika-E.I. Eshibhile

Nokho, Lapha siphawula ukuthi Omkhulu Yasa of Genghis Khan ngempela usethe sengqondo kuqhathaniswa qotho zonke izinkolo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho egcekeni Khan babe ngisho nabefundisi yobuKristu Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius (diofizitskoe imfundiso Christological isibaluli nezitha Nestorius, kusho u-Archbishop waseConstantinople), akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile evumayo abahlaseli (ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokulwa) abuzange bondle ukholo lobuKristu. Ngesikhathi kucwaningwa imibuzo mayelana nobuhlobo ukholo kulezi zindawo ehlasela kumelwe acabangele umongo zomlando, ukucabanga kwabantu ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi (noma enye inkathi zomlando) futhi Gwema izahlulelo esekelwe engqondweni, indlela abheka ngayo nezindinganiso zobuntu zabantwana ngekhulu xxi.

Ukuhlinzekwa ngosayizi onqunyelwe wokuphuma kweHorde nakho akumelani nokugxekwa ngenxa yokuthi amanani ayo ahlukile ngokuya ngobunhloko obuthile nokuzimisela kwesilinganiso sokuphuma esilinganiswayo manje sekuyinkinga enkulu.

Thesis 2. "Zonke Ngiyakhumbula ngithi:". Scratch Russian - ukubona Tartar " Kodwa-ke, leli zwi alilungile. Nakuba gaplogroup main ngesiRashiya nesiTatar eyodwa, R1a, imali isihlobo 48% no-25% amaphesenti ngokulandelana, kodwa okungcono ezahlukene DNA yomugqa noma subuklady. Abaphumi omunye komunye, bavela emadlozini asendulo ajwayelekile eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Ngakho-ke yilabo bokhokho basendulo kuphela abayozibonakalisa ngesikhathi "sokuqala", kepha bazobonakala ngokulandelana, kokubili phakathi kwamaRussia namaTatar. Three okukhulunywa DNA yomugqa diverged mayelana iminyaka 5500 edlule (Z93 kanti lawa amanye amabili) futhi eminyakeni 5000-4200 edlule (Z280 kanye M458). AmaRussia awanalo nhlobo isiTatar (kulo mongo) umugqa we-Z93, njengoba nje engekho amaMongolia haplogroups C no-Q. Ngakho-ke, sesivele sihlela “i-scrape”. Invasion kwaba - Akungabazeki, futhi ngokuqinisekile ijoka kwaba iqoqo ezilulazayo kwezintela futhi suzerain-ezikhonza ngaphansi elala principalities isiRashiya, futhi nijabhise, kodwa i-DNA "Tatar-Mongol" kuya Russian ayizange iphumelele. Ngolimi oluqondile, kwakungekho kukoloni amaTatar aseRussia. "

Kulokhu, sibona esikhundleni zakudala lwemibono haplogroup uhlobo nesibalo sabantu. Ukuhunyushwa kwe-haplogroup njengohlobo kuyiphutha eliyisisekelo, elihlobene kakhulu nayo yonke i-pseudoscience - "inzalo ye-DNA". Nazi izingxenyana ezicashunwe ukubuyekeza uSolwazi Petersburg State University, Doctor of zomlando Sciences, LS UKlein osencwadini ka-A. A. Klyosov, “Umsuka WamaSlavs,” oshicilelwe ephephabhukwini iRussia Archaeological Yearbook:

“A.A. Klyosov wavuma uma ziqhathaniswa haplogroup bomdabu hhayi inkulumo engokomfanekiso, futhi ukuhlonza ngqo. I-Klesov haplogroup iyinhlangano yohlobo oluthile, futhi kulandela ukuthi i-haplogroup R1a, evamile futhi evelele phakathi kwamaSlav aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, iyindlela yohlobo oluthile, impumelelo yabathwali bayo esikhathini esedlule - ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwayo, emashumini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, kuyo yonke le ndawo - laseNdiya Balkans nangale, le ndaba impumelelo, futhi kubandakanya ke, Klyosov, okhokho oqondile.

Ngakho-ke, wabiza inguqulo yakhe yokusebenza ngohlu lozalo lwe-DNA, ngokuqhathanisa nozalo lwabantu, oluqhathanisa inani labantu kanye nesilinganiso se-haplogroups kubo, noma, uma uthanda, i-genogeography, efundisisa ukwakheka kwedamu lohlobo, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo, kanye nokuhamba kwabantu besebenzisa idatha yofuzo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzalo, isayensi eseyisikhathi eside yasiza izifunda eziphakeme zamazwe abathandanayo ukuvikela amalungelo abo ngokususelwa ekupheni, ekuzuzeni kokhokho babo, nasekuncintisaneni ngokwabelana ngalamalungelo.Ngale ndlela, iKlesov nayo ivela ngokungeziwe kuma-haplogroups avela "ezinganeni ezihlangene" zobukhosi bezempi. Okusho ukuthi, wamane wamhlomisela uhlu lozalo olubalulekile kuye ngolwazi lwe-DNA.

Ekucabangeni kwakhe, uKlyosov uhlangabezana nobunzima obubalulekile. Ukuxhumanisa kwakhe amaSlavic kuphela ne-haplogroup R1a1 kusho ukuthi labo abangenalo leli qembu abawona amaSlav, ngakho-ke hhayi amaRussia. Futhi kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lazo, cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia ezingaphezu kwesigamu, futhi zonke zingamaRussia. Ngesinye isikhathi, uHitler wabhekana nenkinga efanayo namaJalimane. Umjaho weNordic usabalele eScandinavia naseNyakatho yeJalimane, kepha kuthiwani ngeBavaria, i-Austria, kanye noHitler uqobo, okusobala ukuthi akafanelani nomqondo "wesilo esinsundu"? UHitler wayithola indlela yokuphuma. Siyazi okuncane ukuthi ku-Hitler Germany, kuphela u-Himmler kanye namadoda akhe ama-SS banamathela emcabangweni wobuzwe ohlotsheni lwe-Nordic labezombusazwe, kanye nemfundiso esemthethweni yaseJalimane, evunyelwe nguHitler, kwakuyinkolelo-mbono yobuhlanga ngomqondo obanzi kakhulu: umjaho wama-Aryan uhlanganisa lonke elaseJalimane ngisho nengxenye ebalulekile yeYurophu . ”

Inombolo ye-Thesis 3. "Yebo, futhi wabona kuphi lapho abaphumelele befaka intela enjalo kulabo abanciphisiwe? Futhi ingabe kuyaziwa kwezinye izindawo lapho amabutho ama-"Mongol-Tatars asenganekwaneni adlula khona?" Ngeke uthole lutho olunje ezincwadini zomlando. Futhi izinkolelo-ze zomlando nabalandeli babo abakwazi ukukuchaza lokhu kuphikisana. ”

Lapho kungekho lutho olungachaza, inqubo yokuchaza ngokwayo ayinakwenzeka ukukhiqiza.

UChristopher Pratt (PhD) ubhala: Ngo-1250, uMbuso WamaMongol ubusa iningi le-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi i-Europe yasempumalanga, inyakatho yeChina, iManchuria, enkabeni ye-Asia, Persia, iCaucasus ne-Asia Minor. EKorea, eyanqotshwa ngonyaka we-1230s, ukuvukela umbuso kwamaMongol ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka, okwagcina ngo-1270, lapho iKorea ekugcineni iqala ukukhokha intela eMbusweni wamaMongol.

Izwe likaDaiviet nelaseTampa (iVietnam yanamuhla) lenza isivumelwano sokuthula noMbuso wamaMongol futhi bathembisa ukuyikhokha intela, bebona isikhundla sabo esingaphansi kwabo.

Lapho bemasha eCaucasus, amaMongol nawo athatha inkokhiso, ngokwesibonelo, eTabriz naseGanja.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono wokuthi ama-Ottomans athunjwa amaMongols (ngenxa yokunqotshwa kwe-Anatolia) aqhubeka ekhokha intela kuma-Ilhans aseMongolia kuze kube u-1335, okungukuthi, azuza inkululeko ngokuphelele ngemuva kokushona kuka-Osman.

S.V. Ivanov. Baskaki. 1909

Ngakho-ke, imibono ye-A.A. UKlyosov akakutholi ukuqinisekiswa lapho kuqinisekiswa izindlela zesayensi futhi, empeleni, kuyi-pseudosciological.

2. Yu. S. Aseev. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasendulo kweKiev. - UBudivelnyk, 1982.— S. 26-30. - 168 p.,

3. UDarkevich V. P. Uhambo oluya eRyazan yasendulo: Amanothi womvubukuli. - URyazan: "Isikhathi esisha", 1993. - 255 p.,

4. Umtapo wezincwadi weRussia yasendulo / iRAS. IRLE, Ed. D. S. Likhachev, L. A. Dmitriev, A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko. - ISt. Petersburg: INauka, 1997. - T. 5: XIII century. - 527 p.,

5. Umlando weTalberg N. Umlando weSonto laseRussia ngama-2 vols. Phinda ubhale kusuka ku-ed. I-1959 Edition ye-Pskovo - I-Pechersky Monastery, 1994 83,

8. Atwood, Christopher Pratt (2004). I-Encyclopedia of Mongolia noMbuso wamaMongol. ENew York: Amaqiniso weFayela. I-ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3, k. 579,

9. UCima, uRonald. (1987). IVietnam: Isifundo Sezwe. IWashington: i-GPO yeThala Lencwadi leCongress,

10. Kubukeka, empeleni, ukuthi ukuphishekela sultan bekungxenye yokuqala yomsebenzi wabo: Umlando weCambridge wase-Iran. - Umq. 5: Izikhathi zeSaljuq neMongol. - P. 311.),

11. UMagomedov M. G. Umlando waseDagestan kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. - M: Dagestan State University, 1997. - S. 180-181. - 296 p.,

12. Pamuk - Umlando Wezimali, k. 30-31.

Ukudalula inganekwane ka-Adamu no-Eva (ukuba khona lapho ososayensi bakufakazile)

"IGenetics ifakazele u-Adamu no-Eva", "Bonke abantu bavela kowesifazane oyedwa", "Ososayensi baliqinisekisile iqiniso leBhayibheli" - ingabe liyamangaza ngempela? Izihloko ezinjalo zingabonakala emaphephandabeni noma komagazini abaningi, abasebenzisa indalo basebenzise ngenjabulo. Ngakho-ke, siyakuqonda lokho okufakazelwe yisayensi.

Ukuqala, thina (zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni) savela kukhokho oyedwa ojwayelekile, owayeyisidalwa esingajwayelekile esaphila eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu nengxenye edlule, futhi igama lakhe linguLUKA (esiNgisini.I-Universal Common Ancestor - "ukhokho wokugcina ojwayelekile jikelele"). Omunye umbuzo ukuthi ngabe kunokhokho oyedwa womuntu (noma okungenani umbhangqwana), okungukuthi, babengo-Adamu no-Eva?

Umbuzo onjalo ezweni lesimanjemanje lesayensi uvelile ngenxa yokutholwa okuhle nokufuna kwabezindaba ukuthola "amagama abomvu". Ngakho-ke, obani abakwa- “Mitochondrial Eve” no- “Y-chromosomal Adamu”?

Ama-Mitochondria angama-organelles weseli, ngaphezu kwe-nucleus, ane-DNA yawo. Lawa ma-psychanoid angadluliswa kuphela kusuka kumama kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cytoplasm yeqanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuxakayo ukuthi i-mitochondrial DNA ayiphindeki, izinguquko ezenzeka kuyo kungenzeka kuphela ngokuguqulwa okungahleliwe okungahleliwe, njengoba kusikiselwe ngumbhali wezofuzo waseMelika uRebecca Kann kanye nozakwabo ababandakanyeka kulezi zifundo (xhumanisa nendatshana yasekuqaleni yeMvelo). Yebo, uma lokhu kunjalo, ke ngokuqhathanisa ukulandelana kwe-mitochondrial DNA kanye nezinguquko ezivelwe kuyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, awukwazi ukunquma kuphela isilinganiso sokobudlelwane babantu abaphilayo, kodwa futhi cishe nesikhathi sokubala sokudalwa kokuguqulwa kwezinguquko kubantu abathile bokhokho bethu. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "iwashi lamamoleky" (Eng. Iwashi lamamoleky, kwesinye isikhathi iwashi lohlobo, iwashi lokuziphendukela kwemvelo) - indlela yokuqomisana esekelwe emcabangweni wokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamagama ama-monomers (okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa) ku-DNA kwenzeka cishe njalo.

Kwavela ukuthi uma wakhela umuthi wokuziphendukela kwemvelo we-mtDNA wabantu banamuhla futhi uqhubekele namagatsha awo usuka ezansi uye phezulu (kusukela manje kuya esikhathini esidlule), ngakho-ke wonke amagatsha agcina eguqukile ngasikhathi sinye nangesikhathi nendawo: i-East Africa, iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-160-200 edlule. Le yindlela i-“mitochondrial Eve” evele ngayo kwabezindaba, nangemva kwayo ngendlela efanayo kwavela u- “Y-chromosome Adamu” (amadoda kuphela anama-Y-chromosome futhi odluliselwa kusuka kubaba kuya endodaneni). Okusho ukuthi, kunowesifazane owayedlulisela i-mitochondrial yakhe ye-DNA kubo bonke abantu besimanje, futhi wayengumama “onenhlanhla” (“umama onenhlanhla”, njengoba egcotshwe emphakathini wesayensi). Kamuva kwabezindaba wabizwa nge- "Mitochondrial Eve." Ngokunokwenzeka, isimo besinjengalesi - ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo ngokuphelele, inzalo yabanye abamele ubulili obubuthakathaka ngokulandela umugqa oqondile wowesifazane wobuntu obufanayo bokhokho abuzange basinde kuze kube namuhla, noma balahlekelwe i-DNA yabo yomama yokubeletha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma owesifazane engenayo nendodakazi eyodwa, khona-ke imvukuzane yakhe eyifa elivela e-mitochondria ngeke idluliselwe ezizalweni ezingaphezu kwendodana yakhe. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, indodana ka- "mitochondrial Eve" ibinendodana eshade nendodakazi ka-Eva ngemuva kwalokho, i-mitochondria yezingane zabo izoqukatha iDNA ka-Eva, hhayi omunye ugogo.

Isibonelo sezinganekwane zesihlahla sozalo se-mitochondrial DNA variants. Esizukulwaneni ngasinye, kunabesifazane abangu-15 kubantu, ngamunye angaba namazipho, munye, amabili noma amathathu. Zonke izintokazi zesizukulwane se-16 zibuyela ku-mitochondrial Eve esizukulwaneni No. 2 (ekhonjiwe "ekuziphendukeleni koMuntu. Ezincwadini ezi-2. Incwadi 1. Izinkawu, amathambo kanye nezakhi zofuzo" ngu-Alexander Markov)

Futhi manje into ebaluleke kunazo zonke - kungani "umama wenhlanhla" engeyena u-Eva? Ukusuka kumqondo ka-Adamu no-Eva, kuyalandela ukuthi bonke abantu emhlabeni bavela kubhangqa olulodwa. Ucwaningo olungenhla lukhombise kuphela ukuthi izingxenye kuphela ze-mitochondrial DNA (futhi le-DNA ibalwa ngaphansi kwenkulungwane yamaphesenti ezakhi zofuzo) ezinokhokho oyedwa ongumuntu. Okusho ukuthi, lo mfazi ophumelelayo wayengeyena “umama wabo bonke abantu,” kodwa kunalokho “wayengumama we-mitochondria.” Kanye nayo, kukhona “omama abangaphambili” bezinye izingosi eziningi ze-DNA endaweni yeseli, futhi lezi izinkulungwane zabanye abesifazane.

Ngokwemvelo, lo “Eva” wayengeyena ukuphela komuntu wesifazane; wayehlala inani elikhulu labantu (ukusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi) phakathi kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezili-140 nezingama-280 ezedlule eMpumalanga Afrika.

Iningi lefa lendoda yesimanje lamukelwa kubalingani bayo, futhi ungakhohlwa ngohlobo lwamaNeanderthals, okuthi phakathi kwabaseYurophu banamuhla nabase-Asia bacishe babe yi-2% (azikho izindimbane zamaNeanderthal kubantu base-Afrika).

Ngakho-ke, i- "Mitochondrial Eve" ne "Y-chromosome Adam" bake baba khona ngempela, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi babewukuphela kokhokho babo bonke abantu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkulungwane (uma kungenjalo amashumi ezinkulungwane) zeminyaka zivimbele umhlangano wazo.

Ukudalula inganekwane yokuthi umlando akuyona isayensi. Sitshela ukuthi konke bekungokoqobo kanjani.

Lokhu kulungiswe ngumhleli womphakathi we-LikBes, u-Artyom Kostyukov, waseTyumen State University, owathola iziqu, umnyango wezomthetho-sisekelo nomthetho kamasipala

“Vala amehlo akho, uphefumule ngokujulile bese uzivuma wena ngokwakho, buthule. Vuma: akukho okwedlule okuthembekile okukhona. Okwedlule ngaso sonke isikhathi kungokwakhiwa kabusha kwalesi sikhathi ... "- UVladimir Medinsky, uNgqongqoshe Wezamasiko waseRussia Federation.

"Umlando awuwona isayensi ... Isayensi yinto evumela ukuthi wena unethonya okuthile kwinto ethile ..." - U-Alexander Nevzorov, umphakathi.

Muva nje, iziphetho ezinjengalezi azilahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwazo zombili izibalo ezivelele zesayensi, amasiko nezobuciko, futhi naphakathi komuntu osekhulile.

Sizozama ukuthola amaphuzu aphambili ngesisekelo lapho le mqondo wamanga nokuphikisana kwabalandeli bayo kwakhiwe khona.

Inombolo 1 Umlando akuyona isayensi, ngoba into yocwaningo lwayo ayikho kwangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulingwa kwesayensi yakudala maqondana nolwazi lomlando akusebenzi.

Eqinisweni, ngokungafani nesayensi yemvelo, umlando unento ethile - esevele ifezekile into, engeke yakhiqizwa kabusha.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwesayensi kweklasikhi - ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuthola uhlobo lwesayensi lwama-hypotheses athile kanye nemibono, umthombo ongokomlando ungena kwisayensi yomlando.

Umthombo ongokomlando uhlala uyinto ebonakalayo efundwa ngochwepheshe ukuthola imininingwane mayelana nemicimbi edlule.

Ucwaningo lwemithombo yomlando lwenziwa igatsha lesayensi elihlukile - isifundo somthombo. Enye yezinkinga eziphambili zokucwaninga ngomthombo ukuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yomlando. Lo mkhakha wolwazi mkhulu impela, unezindlela ezihlukile zokuxazulula izinkinga zesayensi embonini yawo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uyanda njalo.

Inombolo yesi-2 Siyazi ngemicimbi eyenzekile esikhathini esidlule kuphela emithonjeni yakamuva, ukubheka izinto nokuba yiqiniso kwayo okuphakamisa ukungabaza okuningi.

Lapha siphawula ukuthi abalandeli bale nsumansumane bahlala benza izimangalo kulolohlobo olulodwa lwemithombo yomlando - imithombo ebhaliwe (amadokhumenti), bakhohlwa ngomzimba omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo - mayelana nokutholakele kwemivubukulo.

Vele, akekho umuntu ozokholwa konke okubhalwe emithonjeni ebhaliwe. Isazi-mlando siyakuqonda ukuthi, cishe, umthombo wolwazi oluthembekile uhlanganiswe nenganekwane, umsebenzi wakhe ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa omunye komunye.

Ngokuphathelene nomthombo obhaliwe, ukuhlolwa kobuqiniso kuhlale kwenziwa. Kubandakanya ochwepheshe kumafonti, imibhalo yezandla, amaphrinta, okokusebenza, kanye nokusebenzisa ngenkuthalo izindlela zemvelo zesayensi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-radiocarbon kukuvumela ukuthi unqume iminyaka yokulinganiselwa yalokho okusetshenziswayo. Futhi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, ungabona ubufakazi obuveza ubuqili obunamakhono.

Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zomsebenzi onjalo ngabasebenza ngezilimi ukudalulwa kwencwadi ebizwa ngokuthi yiVeles Book.

Ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu sezikhumbuzo ezibhaliwe zokubhalwa kweSlavic nendlela yokuqhathanisa yomlando, izazi zezilimi zaseSoviet zase zisazi kahle impela ukuthi yiluphi ulimi oludala lweSlavonic, lapho kubhalwa khona ukuthi, “incwadi yeVeles”.

Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-syllable of the Veles Book yayingahambelani nedatha ngolimi oludala lwe-Slavonic lwekhulu lesi-9, lokhu akunakuba lolo limi lwesiSlavic sanoma iyiphi inkathi. Olimini lweNcwadi yeVeles, kunezinto ezahlukahlukene (futhi ezivame ukwahlukahluka) ezenzekile ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene ngezikhathi ezihlukile: ukunyamalala konkamisa abancishisiwe (ikhulu le-XII), ukuqina kokuqina (ngolimi lwesiRussia - ngekhulu le-XIV), "ukucofa" (ngesiPolish - kusukela ngekhulu le-XIV), ukulondolozwa konkamisa (nabasePoland - kwezinye izilimi zamaSlavic banyamalala) nokunye okuningi.

Umdwebo 1. Ukuphula umthetho okuthiwa wenziwe emapulangwe eNcwadi yeVeles

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lweNcwadi yeVeles, ngokukhuluma nje, lwalungelona neze ulwimi. Akanaso nesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi ngokuphelele.Alukho uhlelo lokudonswa kwezimali futhi lokuhlangana, kuzona zonke izinyathelo kukhona ama-chimera afana nokuthi "ngize", "uyakwenza", "azobhala". Ulimi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi alukwazi ukubakhona. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungafundi kuphela, kepha futhi ulingise. [1, 2, 3]

1. Isihloko esenziwe ngongcweti bezilimi esiqale sahlola ingxenye ye-Veles Book ephephabhukwini i-Voprosy istorii, 1977

2. Umsebenzi wezazi zezilimi owenza ukucutshungulwa okwandisiwe kuwo wonke umbhalo we-Veles Book: OV V. Tvorogov, Vlesova Kniga // Ukuhanjiswa koMnyango Wezincwadi Ezindala ZaseRussia. T. 43. 1990. S. 170-254. (Umbhalo unikezwe ukushicilelwa kweN.F. Skrypnik).

3. Isiphetho sesifundiswa saseRussian Academy Yezesayensi eMnyangweni Wezincwadi Nolimi, udokotela wezesayensi yezokulawulwa kwemvelo A. A. Zaliznyak: Ku- "Veles Book" // Ukuqanjwa kwemithombo yomlando nokwakhiwa kwezinganekwane ze-ethnocracy. - M., 2011. - P. 101-113.

Noma esinye isibonelo:

Lesi sakhiwo siwumbumbulu futhi. Ngemuva kwempi ka-1812, i-A.I ethile ethile. USulakadzev waqala ukuthengisa imibhalo yesandla egqugquzela inqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe esifundazweni saseRussia.

Kulokhu, kwavela ukuhlanza (Enye yezindlela zokuqamba amadokhumenti ukususwa kwemishini kwamamaki wedokhumenti ukuze kuguqulwe okuqukethwe kwayo kwasekuqaleni), kubonakale kahle ngokukhanya okuqinile, kungasaphathwa ukuthwebula izithombe ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngale ndlela, lokhu kudalulwa kwadalulwa ngonyaka we-1951, ngokuthwebula isithombe emifanekisweni.

Ukube into enjalo yenzekile ngempela ekuqaleni kokubusa kuka-Anna Ivanovna, isiphetho se-balloonist ngabe sihluke ngokuphelele: wayezothathwa masinyane aqashwe, athunyelwe eJohannesburg, futhi impilo yakhe yonke uzosebenza elabhorethri eyimfihlo, akha amabhaluni, ngoba ngokuvamile e-XVIII Ngekhulu leminyaka bekubhekwe kabuhlungu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusungulwe okuthile okuzoletha imali eningi noma inzuzo yezempi.

Uma sisuka emazwini siye ekuhlaziyweni komthombo, khona-ke ukuhlaziywa kwencwadi uqobo kukhombisa ukuthi kamuva, ngoba kwenziwa ngemuva kuka-1731, futhi lokhu kuphula ngokuphelele lokhu kucabanga. [4, 5, 6]

Umdwebo 2. Isiqephu esine-erasure

Bika ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesandla sika-A. Sulakadzev:

V.F. Pokrovskaya. Omunye umbhalo wesandla owabhalwa ngu-A.I. (Mayelana nodaba lokuchibiyelwa imibhalo ebhalwe ngesandla) // Izinyathelo zoMnyango Wezincwadi ZaseRussia Zesikhungo Sokufunda Izilimi ZesiRashiya Nezincwadi. T. XIV L., 1958, k. 634

4. M. N. Speransky. Imibhalo yesandla yamanga yaseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. - Izinkinga zokutadisha komthombo, V. M., 1956, iphe. 44-101,

5. Izimfihlo ze-Kozlov V. P. Izimfihlo eziqanjiwe: Ukuhlaziywa kokwembumbulu kwemithombo yomlando ye-XVIII - emakhulwini eminyaka eyi-XIX. M., 1996, ed. okwesibili, kk. 155-185, 265-267,

6. V.P. Kozlov. I-Khlestakov ye "archaeology" yasekhaya, noma izimpilo ezintathu zika A. A. Sulakadzev // Cit. ngo: Bacabangani ososayensi ngeNcwadi yeVeles, iSt. Petersburg: Nauka, 2004, k. 199-236.

Inombolo ye-Thesis 3. Izazi-mlando zivame ukukholelwa ababhali bemithombo ebhaliwe futhi abanazo izindlela, futhi ukuhumusha kwabo imininingwane evela emithonjeni engokomlando kuhlale kunobandlululo.

Njengoba lolu thesis luxhumeke kakhulu nalolo olwedlule, sizoqhubeka nokubheka izici zokusebenza ngemithombo ebhaliwe yomlando.

Izingxenye ezingekho zedokhumenti ziyabuyiselwa noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho umbhalo uhunyushelwa olimini lwesimanje. Ngemuva kokuhumusha, izazi zezilimi ziqala ukuhlaziya lokho okuqukethwe umqulu. Bahlaziya umbhalo wombhalo ukuze bahambisane namazinga ezilimi wesikhathi sabo. Ngokufana, ukubuyisana kwamagama abantu bomlando namagama ezindawo, izifinyezo ziyenzeka.

Izazi-mlando ziqonda kahle kahle: abekho ababhali abangakhethi ababhala phansi imicimbi ngokunganaki nangokubambelela. Kungakho enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisana kabusha kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yomlando phakathi kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, uma ngamunye weqembu ekuchazeni ukungqubuzana okuthile kwezempi ethambekele ekuphakamiseni ikhono lamasosha “lakwabo” futhi libekele phansi isithunzi “sabantu abangabazi,” amaqiniso achazwe yizinhlangothi zombili ngokufanayo azoba neqiniso eliphakeme.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, kufanelekile ukusho lonke ibhlokhi lemikhakha eyaziwa ngokuthi yimikhakha ekhethekile yomlando. Ngaphezu kwezifundo zomthombo ezishiwo, kufaka:

· I-demographical demology, njll.

Lezi zigwegwe zibizwa nangokuthi "abasizi", yize zivame ukuba yithuluzi eliyinhloko, futhi hhayi elisizayo, ithuluzi lesazi-mlando sanamuhla.

Futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngokunembile ngoba izazi-mlando azikholelwa muntu futhi zihlala zingabaza konke.

"Umlando wanamuhla uyaqhubeka esikhathini esifanayo: kancane kancane uyeka ube yisayensi esikhuluma ngomlomo, kancane kancane wamukele izindlela eziningi zezesayensi yemvelo, wamukela izindlela zokuphindaphindeka futhi abe unembe ngokwengeziwe. Kuzodlula iminyaka eyikhulu, kanti umlando uzoba sematheni nalezi ezibizwa ngamaSayensi ngqo, futhi, ngokusobala, kuzocaca ukuthi asikho isithiyo esingenakufinyeleleka phakathi kwabantu kanye nesayensi ngqo ... ”- UKirill Nazarenko, Udokotela Wezomlando Kwezesayensi, uSolwazi, uSihlalo Wezemfundo Khomishani kanye NeSekela likaMqondisi weSikhungo Somlando, iSt.

Yabelana nge-athikili nabangane bakho abangaba nentshisekelo kulokhu okuqukethwe, sisekele imisebenzi yethu uma unesifiso nomzuzu wesikhathi samahhala! :)

Sincoma futhi:

Izindaba eziyi-10 eziqhamuka esidlweni saseScandinavia esizobukeka sithakazelisa abathandi bezinganekwane nezinganekwane

Ngokuvamile, izinganekwane zikhuluma ngobuqhawe nangobukhulu. Izinsizwa zihamba ziyofuna i-adventure futhi zibe ngamaqhawe. Banqoba ububi, basindisa amakhosazana kanye nomhlaba ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi ekugcineni, iqhawe elinesibindi lithola uthando lwempilo yayo futhi lihlala ngenjabulo nangaphambilini. Kepha ezinye izinganekwane azenzi ngaphandle kokuphela okuhle, kepha ziphazamisa noma zithuse obala. Okunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, cishe yonke imidwebo yaseScandinavia.

1. Yenziwa njani intandane, iSweden

Kwafika isifo edolobheni laseDalland. Abahlali abaningi bafa, abaningi babaleka. Abantu bomuzi besaba, futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi angaqeda kanjani ubhubhane. Futhi lapho indoda endala evela eFinland ingena kuleli dolobha, eyayikwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo.

Utshele izakhamizi ukuthi yisisulu kuphela esingabasindisa: isidalwa esiphilayo kufanele singcwatshwe emhlabathini. Izakhamizi zomuzi zazifisa, ngakho-ke zilalela izeluleko zendoda endala. Bangcwaba iqhude eliphilayo emhlabathini, kepha lesi sifo saqhubeka ngokufutheka. Ngemuva kwalokho bangcwaba imbuzi ephilayo, kepha ngisho lokhu akuzange kusize.

Kwakungekho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlabela umuntu. Lapho-ke abantu bomuzi bathola umfana oyintandane bamnika isinkwa ukuze amnxenxe ogibeni. Ingane engenangqondo yabakholelwa futhi yawela ethuneni elalimbiwe ngaphambili. Ngokushesha abantu bomuzi baqala ukujikijela izingane zomuntu ezingezinhle. Umfana wamemeza futhi wakhala, ebacela ukuba bayeke, kepha kwakukhona uvolo wokotini ezindlebeni zabantu bomuzi, futhi ukhiye ezinhlizweni zakhe. Baqhubeka nokujikijela emhlabeni ingane.

Ngokushesha, kwenziwa lesi senzo: umfana wangcwatshwa ephila ngethemba lokuthi ohlukunyeziwe uzoyeka lesi sifo. Ezinye izakhamizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zithi zizwa imisindo iphuma ngaphansi komhlabathi ngisho nangemva kokushona kwakhe: ingane isola abantu ngobubi ababenze kuye.

2. Izibongo zikaKhisimusi, eSweden

Owesifazane othile wanquma ukuya esontweni phakathi kwamabili nenkonzo kaKhisimusi. Ukuze angalali ngokweqile, ucele umngani wakhe ukuthi amvuse uma sekuyisikhathi sokuhamba - ngakho-ke bazofika lapho ngasenkonzweni. Ulale ebusuku, umngani wakhe wamvusa njengoba bevumelene. Owesifazane wabe esebamba ucezu lwesinkwa esisesiphambanweni, eselubhakwe nguye ngosuku olwedlule, ukuba aludle endleleni.

Endleleni eya esontweni, owesifazane wahlangana nezangoma ezimbili ezazifuna ukumbulala, kodwa zahluleka ngisho ukusondela ngenxa yesiphambano esikhwameni sakhe. Ngakho-ke lona wesifazane wafika esontweni ngokuphepha wangena ngaphakathi.

Wayephuthuma ukungena esontweni, ngoba wayenethemba lokuthola umngani wakhe futhi wayengafuni ukuthi afike sekwephuze inkonzo. Kepha lapho ehleli ebhentshini lesonto, wacishe wafa ngokuthuthumela, ngoba wezwa izwi. Kwakuyizwi likakhokho wakhe - wamtshela ukuthi usengozini enkulu futhi angafa, kepha uzozama ukumsindisa.

Eqalaza ngokwesaba ezinhlangothini, owesimame wabona ukuthi akekho umuntu osesontweni onekhanda. Ngokwesaba, waphunyuka esontweni, futhi amanye amalungu esonto abalekayo amgijimela kuye amklebhula. Wakwazi ukuphunyula. Lapho ebuyela kuleyo ndawo phakathi nosuku, wabona ukuthi isikhafu sidwengulwe saba izingcezu ezincane futhi sasakazeka phakathi kwamathuna asemathuna esonto. Kwenzeka into efanayo kuye uma izipoki zikwazi ukuzithathela yena.

3. IKitta Grau, eSweden

Le ndaba imayelana nowesifazane omubi ogama lakhe linguKitta Grau. Wayenomunyu kangangokuba wambona ngokwakhe uDeveli ebusweni ngokushesha nje kokukubona kwakhe. Waphikisana naye ukuthi uzokwenza kabi kakhulu abantu kunaye. UDeveli wazama ukuxabanisa abasanda kushada, kodwa wahluleka. UKitta Grau wamhleka usulu, ethi angakwenza kalula lokhu ukuze izithandani zingaphinde ziphinde zijabule. UDeveli wathatha ukubheja futhi wamthembisa izicathulo ezinhle, uma engaxabana nabancane.

Ekuqaleni, uKitta Grau omubi wayekhuluma nomkakhe. Utshele lona wesifazane osemusha ukuthi umyeni wakhe ubengumuntu omuhle, kepha intukuthelo igcwele enhliziyweni yakhe, futhi ukuze anqande nya ububi, udinga ukuphuca intamo yomyeni wakho ngaphansi kwesilevu sakhe lapho elele. Unkosikazi ongenangqondo wavuma. UKitta wabe esekhuluma nomyeni wakhe: wamtshela ukuthi umkakhe amthandayo wayezomnquma umphimbo.

Akakholwanga nguKitte Grau, kepha lapho elele ubuthongo phakathi nosuku, akazange alale, kodwa wenza sengathi ulele. Futhi unkosikazi weza kuye ngempela nge-razor, futhi umyeni wathukuthela, eqiniseka ukuthi inkosikazi ifuna ukumgwaza. Lezi zithandani zacishe zabulalana. Ngakho-ke isifiso sikaDeveli sokuchitha umshado wabo sagcwaliseka, futhi uKitta Grau wathola izicathulo ezintsha.

4. Mill owasawoti wolwandle, iNorway

Kudala kwakukhona umuntu ompofu. Ngobusuku bukaKhisimusi, weza kumfowabo ocebile wacela ukudla yena nomkayo. Umfowethu wanikeza le ndoda impofu i-ham enhle, kodwa wayiyala ukuba ifune uDeveli bese ngokuzayo icele usizo kuyo. Indoda empofu yavuma yagcina ithole umjondolo kaDeveli. Wayedayisa isando ngesigayo esingagaya noma yini. UDeveli usho ukuthi angaqala kanjani futhi ayeke.

Indoda empofu yabuya ekhaya, yakha isigayo, futhi izindaba zayo yahamba ngokushesha: ummbila wenza noma yikuphi ukudla noma yini ongayifuna. Umfowethu ocebile wathukuthela - phela, wayephe umfowabo ukudla, futhi manje usecebile kunaye! Le ndoda eyayimpofu yamtshela imfihlo yayo, futhi umzalwane ocebile wayinika imali yokugaya. Futhi indoda empofu yavuma, kepha ayizange imfundise ukuthi angamisa kanjani isigayo, kodwa kwathi nje lapho isigayo sifika kuye, waqala ukwenza i-herring kanye nephalishi futhi wenza kakhulu kangangokuba wagcwala idolobha lonke. Wagijimela kumfowabo, owayefuna imali eningi ukuthi ayithathe futhi ayenze kuye.

Futhi-ke umthengisi ovakashile wezwa mayelana nommbila omangalisayo futhi wanquma ukuwuthola. Umthengisi wayenomkhumbi owawuhambisa usawoti obalulekile ngaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde nezinzima, umthengisi usakwazi ukuthenga isigayo ngenani elihle. Wayenovalo lokuthi umnikazi anganqaba isivumelwano, ngoba akukho lutho olungabiza kakhulu njengokugaya, wasuka ngokushesha.

Kepha umthengisi akakwazanga ngisho nokubekezelela indlu, ngakho-ke ukuhaha kwakhe kwahlula. Waqala isigayo futhi waqala ukwenza usawoti. Kepha, njengomfowethu ocebile, wayengazi kusengaphambili ukuthi angamisa kanjani isigayo. Umkhumbi wacwila, umthengisi washona ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi isigayo asizange siyeke ukugaya ngisho nasolwandle. Le yindlela abakwaNorwegi basendulo abachaza ngayo ukuthi kungani ulwandle lusawoti.

5. UDeveli neBailiff, eNorway

Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho kwakukhona khona umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo - ukukhotha, ukugqekeza kanye ne -hlengo. Akekho owayemthanda. Wonke umuntu wayehlala ethuka igama lakhe futhi efisa ukuthi uDeveli amdonsele esihogweni, ukuze umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo aqhubeke lapho kuze kube phakade. Futhi uDeveli wanquma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokuthatha umphefumulo wale ndoda. UDeveli wabonakala kumsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo wathi bonke abantu abalungile bacela ukumqola futhi ungumuntu omubi.

Umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo, umkhwabanisi nenkani, njengoba sikhumbula, ngokushesha wanquma ukwenza isivumelwano noDeveli ukuze aphume ebunzimeni obamehlela.Wayeqonda ukuthi uma uDeveli enza lokho abantu abamcela ukuba akwenze, isicelo sesikhonzi senkantolo kumele futhi sigcwaliseke. UDeveli wayethanda ukwenza amadili nabantu ukuze azijabulise, ngakho-ke wavuma ukuhlala nomsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo phansi isikhashana waze wamkhulula uma kukhona umuntu ocela uDeveli ngobuqotho ukuba athathe omunye umuntu: lapho-ke, bathi, UDeveli uzomthatha kanye nomkhwabanisi umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo uzodedela.

Bahambe ngomgwaqo bathola owesimame engulube yakhe ingqongqoze ngesigaxa sebhotela elisanda kuchithwa. Owesifazane wathuka ingulube wafisa ukuthi aye kuDeveli. Umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo wathi unqobile, futhi uDeveli kufanele athathe ingulube, kodwa waphendula ngokuthi lona wesifazane akafuni lutho ngengulube yakhe - udinga ingulube ukuze azondle. Base bekhubeka kumama onengane yakhe ekhala, ngakho umama wathi ezinhlizweni zakhe: "Yebo, uDeveli uzokuthatha!" Kepha lapha umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo akazange aphumelele, ngoba uDeveli wayazi ukuthi empeleni umama akafuni ukulahlekelwa ingane.

Ekugcineni, bahlangana nabalimi. Babona umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo bese bethi buthule: “Umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo uyeza, thatha uDeveli!” Kepha uDeveli waligcina izwi lakhe, wadonsela umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo, ngoba wayazi ukuthi abalimi bakhuluma iqiniso.

6. Isifundo esifundwe kabi, eDenmark

Indoda eyodwa yayinamadodakazi amathathu, futhi wonke ayeshada ama-troll. Ngelinye ilanga wavakashela indodakazi eyodwa, eyayifuna ukupheka umhluzi wenyama wacela ubaba wakhe ukuba ayilethele inyama. Kepha esikhundleni salokho, umyeni wakhe, owayenodoli, wamane washaya ikhanda ngameva, futhi banokudla okwanele. U-Troll wanikeza uyise womkakhe isikhwama semali wamthumela ekhaya. Indoda le yavele yakhumbula ngokungazelele ukuthi inkomo yayo yayisizobeletha, yaphuthuma ekhaya, yaphosa isikhwama endleleni.

Unkosikazi wahlangana naye, wamlalela futhi wamyalela ukuthi abuyise imali, kodwa isikhwama sasingasasebenzi, ngoba isela lalimthathe. Unkosikazi wayecasuke kakhulu. Wamtshela ukuthi usifundile isifundo nokuthi imali ibalulekile.

Ngemuva kokuthi lo mlisa eye endodakazini yakhe yesibili, ebedinga ukukhanya. Kepha umyeni wakhe owayedlula ngendlela wathi amakhandlela awadingeki wavele wafaka isandla sakhe emlilweni, wakhanyisa indlu. Lo mnqampuli wanikeza umkhwe wakho izikhwama ezimbili zemali, kepha wazilahla ngendlela efanayo neyokuqala.

Umkakhe waphinde wakhathazeka, kodwa waphinde wamtshela ukuthi usefundile isifundo. Futhi waya endodakazini yesithathu, edinga inhlanzi. Kepha umyeni wakhe, owayengusomatilosi, wahamba ngesikebhe wangena maphakathi echibini, kwathi lapho nje umkakhe ethi amehlo akhe aluhlaza, wakhipha inhlanzi eningi emanzini. Wanika umkhwe wakho izikhwama ezintathu zemali, waphinda futhi wazilahla ngobuwula bakhe. Futhi waphinde wathi usethole isifundo esibalulekile.

Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, indoda yahlala ekhaya nomkayo. Babedinga umhluzi wenyama, ngakho-ke owesilisa wazama ukubhoboza ikhanda lakhe ngesigaxa, kepha walimala kuphela ekhanda. Ngemuva kwalokho badinga ukukhanya, futhi esikhundleni sokuthenga amakhandlela, umuntu wabeka isandla sakhe emlilweni njeng umkhwenyana wakhe we-troll, kodwa washiswa ngempela.

Ekugcineni, unkosikazi wacela le ndoda ukuthi ithenge izinhlanzi ezintsha. Futhi le ndoda inqume ukuveza ubufakazi bokuthi ingathola inhlanzi enjalo nje futhi yacela unkosikazi wayo ukuthi agibele naye esikebheni echibini. Bahamba ngomkhumbi, lo mlisa wabuza umkakhe uma amehlo akhe esephendukile aluhlaza. Uthe cha. Ngakho wabuza kaningana, futhi unkosikazi wathi enhliziyweni yakhe ukuthi yebo, amehlo akhe aphenduka eluhlaza. Indoda yabe isigxumela emanzini ukubamba inhlanzi, yaminza.

7. Unkosikazi kamfundisi, iDenmark

Owesifazane oyedwa washada nomfundisi, futhi konke kwakuhamba kahle nabo. Babengabantu abahlonishwayo futhi bengadingi lutho. Kepha owesifazana wayenovalo oluyimfihlo oluyimfihlo: empeleni wayengazifuni izingane. Waphenduka isangoma ukuthola izeluleko, futhi isangoma sathi unkosikazi kamfundisi uzoba nezingane eziyisikhombisa. Isangoma sanikeza lona wesifazane amatshe ayisikhombisa okwakudingeka alahlwe - lapho-ke kwakungeke kube khona izingane.

Owesifazane unqume ukuthi manje akukho angakusaba, nempilo yaqhubeka njengenhlalayenza. Kepha ngolunye usuku kusihlwa, ehamba nomyeni wakhe, wabona ukuthi wayengekho isithunzi. Indoda yaqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu: unkosikazi kumele ngabe wenze ububi obukhulu.Wazama ukuthola impendulo kuye, wazama ukumncenga ukuthi avume izono zakhe njengomfundisi, kepha wenqaba. Umfundisi ube esekhipha unkosikazi wakhe ngaphandle kwendlu futhi enqabela bonke abahlala edolobhaneni ukuba bamsize. Uthuke umkakhe, wathi kuzokhuphuka ubomvu etafuleni lamatshe ekhishini labo kunokuba bakha.

Owesifazane okhungathekile wasuka edolobhaneni, wazulazula emigwaqweni isikhathi eside, ekugcineni wahlangana nomunye umpristi owavuma ukumsiza. Uthe kufanele alale esontweni lencwadi ayomnika yona, kodwa akufanele anikeze noma ngubani le ncwadi kuze kuse, yize abaningi beyibuza. Izigogo zezingane zakhe zazimjikele ubusuku bonke zimzungezile, ezazingamele ukuzalwa ngenxa yobugovu bakhe.

Ekuseni, umpristi wamtshela ukuthi uthole intethelelo, kepha uzokufa namuhla. Ubuyele edolobhaneni lakubo enethemba lokuhlangana nomyeni wakhe, kepha bekungekho lapho, futhi akekho noyedwa owayefuna ukumphephisa ngenxa yokuvinjelwa ngumfundisi. Ngenxa yalokho, enye indoda enomusa yamhawukela, yabe ishonela endlini yayo ngemuva kwesitofu esidala. Ekuseni, lo mfundisi wabona inhlamvu ebomvu ikhula edesikeni lakhe waphuthuma wayobheka umkakhe. Wamthola eseshonile, ekhathazekile ngosizi, futhi kungekudala wazifela.

8. Insizwa, eyisimungulu njengempungushe, eDenmark

Unina wensizwa wenza ibhotela, futhi le nsizwa yafuna ukuyithengisa edolobheni eliseduze. Umama wayesaba ukuthi akukho lutho oluhle olungavela ngale ndlela, ngoba indodana yakhe yayingahlakaniphe kakhulu, kepha yamvumela ukuthi aye edolobheni. Le nsizwa yafika etsheni ensimini, futhi, ikholelwa ukuthi leli kungumuzi, yathambisa itshe ngamafutha yathi izobuya nayo imali ngakusasa. Umama wahlekisa ngaye, kepha le nsizwa ibuye ngqo itshe ukuyoqoqa imali.

Itshe, kunjalo, alizange limphendule, futhi le nsizwa yathukuthela yayihlikihla eceleni. Futhi ngathola imbiza yemali ifihlwe ngaphansi kwetshe. Engazi ukuthi kwakuyinhlanhla noma ubuwula, waya edolobheni ukuyothengisa inyama yenkomo, wayithengisa kwiphakethe yezinja. Kamuva ubuyile ezofuna inkokhelo ezinjeni, kepha abamphendulanga. Le nsizwa yathukuthela yabizela izinja enkantolo yasebukhosini ukuthola imali eyayimkweleta yona.

Onogada baholele le nsizwa enkantolo yasebukhosini, wanikela ngamunye wabo ingxenye yalokho abenethemba lokuthi uzoyithola inyama. Ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala, le nsizwa yakhuluma ngokwenzekile. Inkosi yayinendodakazi yenkosazana. Wayedabukile ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi inkosi yamthembisa ukumnika abe ngumkakhe ukuze imhlekise. Kuyo inkosazana, le ndaba yale nsizwa ibonakala ingenangqondo kangangokuba yahleka. Ngokuvumelana nezwi lakhe, inkosi yamthembisa indodana yakhe, yize yayicabanga ukuthi le nsizwa iyisiwula esikhulu.

Le nsizwa yenqabile isandla senkosazana futhi yacela ukubuyiselwa imivimbo engu-60 emilenzeni. Inkosi yakuthola kuyinto exakile lokhu, kepha nokho yayala ukuthi le nsizwa ishaywe. Le nsizwa yachaza ukuthi yayikweleta onogada isigamu salokho ababeyokuthola le nyama, ngakho-ke ngamunye wabo wayekweleta imivimbo engu-30. Onogada bashaywa, futhi inkosi yanquma ukuthi le nsizwa eyinqaba ayikabi yisiwula kangako futhi yamenza wavuma ukushada nenkosazana.

9. Isiporho esivela eLeirubacca, e-Iceland

Yize inganekwane yesipoki iyinganekwane nje, isuselwa kwimicimbi yangempela. Konke kwaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi umkhumbi weGothenborg wanyenya ugu lwase-Iceland ngekhulu le-18, kodwa basindisa bonke abagibeli abangu-170.

Kodwa-ke, abasindayo abakwazanga ukubuyela ekhaya ngokushesha. Umkhumbi wacwila, babengenakho okudliwayo, kwakungekho mali futhi, ngakho abasindayo bathembela emseni wabalimi bendawo kuze kufike omunye umkhumbi - uma benakho. Kepha akukho ukudla okwanele wonke umuntu, futhi abantu abaningi bafa yindlala, okubandakanya nompheki wemikhumbi.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu, amadoda amabili avusa uCoca ngephutha ebuthweni bakhe baphakade. Isiporho saphuma emhlabathini, kwathi amadoda ethuswe ukufa aphunyuka emathuneni. Kepha kwabalandelwa yisiporho sabasukela kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngisho nalapho enye yamadoda yathuthela edolobheni laseLeirubakki, isipoki asizange simshiye yedwa nomndeni wakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukumbiza ngesipoki kusuka eLeirubacca.

Isiporho sasingeyona ingozi, kepha sasilandela imindeni yale ndoda, nomaphi lapho iya khona, futhi ibesabisa nabantu ababesondele kubo. Ezinye izinganekwane zithi waklebhula ophahleni esibayeni futhi wethuka amahhashi angaphezu koyedwa. Futhi abanye bathi lesi sipoki sisazungeza i-Iceland futhi silethe ukwesaba kubantu, ngoba kusola abase-Iceland abangenacala ngokufa kwayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

10. I-Sly fox, eFinland

Impisi ne-she-wolf yazalwa amawundlu amathathu. Kepha impisi yona yashona ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kanti impisi ibidinga ukuthola umnyana wezingane zayo ukuze umuntu othile azinakekele ngenkathi impisi-impisi uqobo izingela. Walikhangela lonke ihlathi, wenqaba izilwane eziningi, ngoba wayengazithandi izinkolelo zabo. Ekugcineni wahlangana neempungushe, eyamcula kamnandi, futhi impisi yanquma ukuthi iculo lalimane limangalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho impisi yacela impungushe ukuthi inakekele amawundlu ayo ayigugu bese iyazingela.

Ukusuka ekuzingeleni, impisi ilethe inyama yamahhashi entsha ezinganeni zayo. Wayefuna ukuhlala namawundlu akhe ezimpisi, kepha impungushe yathi balale futhi akufanele bavuswe. Impisi yakholelwa ku-nanny entsha yaphinde yahamba yazingela. Impungushe yayazi ukuthi impisi isishiyile, futhi yanquma ukuyidla inyama ebiyenzelwe impisi. Futhi njengoba kwakudingeka ukunakekela amawundlu wolf, noma kunjalo, impungushe ngasikhathi sinye yanquma ukudla iwundlu elilodwa.

Zahamba izinsuku. Impisi yahamba yazingela yafika ikhathele, kanti impungushe yanquma ukuthi njengoba idle eyodwa, ingadla abanye. Lakanye impisi ibuyele ekhaya yafuna ukubona izingane zayo. Impungushe yabona ukuthi isenkingeni futhi ikhohlisa impisi, yathi umhume ugcwele kubo bonke. Ngemuva kwalokho impungushe yabaleka, impisi yabona ukuthi ikhashelwe. Impisi yajaha impungushe futhi yayibamba ngezidladla, kepha impungushe yaphinde yamkhohlisa ngokunikeza i-paw ezimpandeni zesihlahla. Impisi yakholelwa yadedela. Impungushe yanyamalala yangena ehlathini, yashiya impisi yodwa idangele ngokuphelele.

Izinganekwane eziyiziwula kunazo zonke

Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, bekubanjelwe iSithangami esithi "Scientists Against Myths-9", lapho sikwazile khona ukukhuluma nososayensi kanye nabadumisi besayensi futhi sibabuza umbuzo owodwa obaluleke kakhulu: Yayiyiphi insumansumane eyisiwula kunazo zonke abayizwa emkhakheni wabo wokusebenza?

UStanislav Drobyshevsky (Ozokhethwa Kwisayensi Yezinto eziphilayo, Uprofesa oHlanganisa, uMnyango we-Anthropology, i-Faculty of Biology, eMoscow State University M.V. Lomonosova, umhleli wesayensi we-portal Anthropogeneis.ru): O, lo ngumbuzo ongapheli engibuzwa njalo, kepha kukhona ubuwula obuningi. I-banal ebaluleke kakhulu, mhlawumbe eyisiphukuphuku, nayo inkulu kunazo zonke, okuvame kakhulu: “Umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo konke awunangqondo. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi befakazela ukuthi akunakuzivelela kwemvelo. ” Lesi yisidala se-mega pseudosci science, ngoba ososayensi bavele baveza okuhlukile esikhathini eside esedlule, futhi lokhu kukhombisa ngokushesha izinga lomuntu okhuluma into enjalo.

UDmitry Vitenko (umfundi we-Faculty of Biology, iSt. Petersburg State University, i-paleontologist, onguchwepheshe kuma-choroid decoders): Ngizwe ubuwula obunje obuningi. Okokuqala, iqiniso lokuthi i-paleontologists zivame ukudidaniswa nabadubuli bemivubukulo. Njengoba wazi, abavubukuli basebenzisana nabantu, bafuna amabhodwe noma ama-skulls ahlukene, futhi ama-paleontologists abandakanyeka ezilwaneni ezingamanyala ezingabonakali.

Alexander Omunye (Umcwaningi, uMnyango wePaleolithic, Isikhungo Somlando Womsebenzi Wamasiko, I-Russian Academy of Science): Njengoba umsebenzi wethu uhlobene nocwaningo lwensimu (isayensi yemivubukulo ngaphandle komsebenzi wensimu kunzima ukuyicabanga), ngokwemvelo, inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu lihlala libuza imibuzo ngalokho esikufunayo. Futhi njengoba abantu, ingxenye enkulu, ngeshwa, benombono ongemuhle walokho okuxoxwayo, kusobala, zonke izinhlobo zokuqagela ezihlekisayo ngokuphelele zivela. Okokuqala, okokuqala babuza umbuzo mayelana nezinsimbi eziyigugu, kunjalo. Okwesibili, babuza imibuzo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezihlobene ne-gigantism, esingazithola lapha kulezi zinsalela esisebenza ngazo nokunye. Abantu bavame ukubuza ukuthi ngabe thina - yini abavubukuli ababhekana nePaleolithic - sithola inqwaba yezidumbu zabantu. Okusho ukuthi, abantu abalokothi bacabange ukuthi iyini imivubukulo ye-Stone Age nokuthi ingakanani le ndawo ethize yemivubukulo, engavamile kakhulu ukufaka abantu.Ngokuvamile, ungqimba lwamasiko, ukulondolozwa okuhle kumvubukulo wasePaleolithic kungukutholakala, akufani nokutholakele komuntu!

UPavel Skuchas (I-Ph.D., i-paleontologist, uprofesa ohlangene weSt.): Mhlawumbe ubuwula obukhulu kakhulu ukuthi akusizona izidleke zenyoni (ngoba izinyoni nazo zingamadayinaso, ziyahlala manje), okungukuthi ama-dinosaurs amakhulu ahlala nabantu. Mhlawumbe lobu ubuwula obukhulu kunabo bonke, okungaqinisekiswa yilokho okunye okutholakele okwenziwe nge-paleontological.

UDmitry Vitenko: Kunzima ngabantu ukuqonda ukuthi izilwane eziningi baphila eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule: izigidi, ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyikhulu, amakhulu amabili, amakhulu amathathu. Kubonakala kubo ukuthi ama-dinosaurs nabantu bangaphila ngasikhathi sinye, mhlawumbe emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Futhi, bathi, onke la amadragoni nezinye ezihuquzelayo, mhlawumbe ngandlela-thile axhunyiwe ngama-dinosaurs. Lokhu, kusobala, nakho kuyamangaza njalo. Njengokuthi abantu abakholelwa ukuthi empeleni lawo ngamathambo ama-dinosaurs angaba nawo. Ngiyakhumbula, bangitshele ukuthi yonke into yake yahlalwa ngabantu, bese kuba nezikhukhula ezinkulu zagcwala yonke into futhi wonke umuntu wafa, ngakho-ke akukho okuqothulayo.

U-Ivan Semyan (Inhloko yeLabhulali ye-Testimental Archaeology NOTECI SUSU, iNhloko yeSikhungo Sokuhlola I-Archaeos "Archeos"): Okokuqala, kufanele ngithi ngibambe iqhaza kwi-Bronze Age, ngenza umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha nokutadisha izindaba zamasosha ezizukulwane zokufuya izinkomo ze-Bronze Age zezwe laseSouthern Urals naseNyakatho Kazakhstan. Isiko lakwaSintashta lidume ngokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala, okubandakanya okudumile nokuhlukunyezwa kwezinganekwane u-Arkaim, yingakho impendulo ukuthi, ngokomqondo, izinganekwane eziphambili kanye nokukhohlisa kwazo kakhulu kuhlobene ngokuqondile nalaba bantu basendulo base-Indo-Europe, abane-Arkaim.

Ngezimo ezithile bangahlukaniswa zibe yizindikimba ezimbili eziyinhloko eziphikisanayo, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli abantu. Isihloko sokuqala lapho bedumisa amakhono obuchwepheshe balaba bantu, babatshele abanye bokhokho babo basendulo abaqhubekayo baseSlavic-Aryan abahamba ngendiza yangempela emikhunjini yasemkhathini, kanti i-Arkaim iyisisekelo sokufika kwalezi vimans, le mikhumbi. Ngokuvamile, babephethe ama-supertechnologies, ngokwemvelo, babeshisa, beshisa, behluza yonke into ngama-lasers. Futhi uhlangothi lwesibili luhlukile, lapho abantu bengazi lutho ngale nkathi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ichaza umphakathi wethu, impucuko, kanye ne-Bronze Age. Futhi abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-Bronze Age yisikhathi sezidalwa zakudala ezazingakwazi ukwenza izinto ezinhle kangaka, azikwazanga ukwenza ipulasitiki yensimbi, izinhlaka ezinjengalezi, izinto zamatshe ezinjalo ezibunjiwe, futhi zazingenakwenza lutho, ngakho-ke kwakuyikho konke eyenziwe ngohlobo oluthile lokungenela kwe-extraterrestrial ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe obukhulu.

U-Olga Vdovina (mbazi, ukwakha kabusha): Isiphukuphuku esikhulu kunazo zonke, mhlawumbe, sibhekisa eqinisweni lokuthi lezo zikhumbuzo zaseGibhithe lasendulo ezaziwa njengamanje azinakwenziwa ngezandla zabantu, zenziwa ngabafokazi abasebenzisa i-lasers, noma obunye ubuchwepheshe babo, obufokazi.

U-Ivan Semyan: Lokhu kungenxa, okokuqala, ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuningi basendulo abenzelwa izizathu ezisobala, balahlekile. Ngakho-ke, umuntu unomuzwa wokuthi: "Angazi ukuthi ngikwenze kanjani lokhu, kepha ngunjiniyela ofundile, ngakho-ke bebengeke beze kulokhu."

Oleg Valersky (Inhloko ye-Entomology Club): Into enkulu eyisiphukuphuku mayelana nezinambuzane. Yiqiniso, akuyona ukuphela kwendawo abakhuluma ngayo ngobuwula lobu, kodwa. Ukuthi ubuntu, okuthiwa, abukwazi ukubhekana nokuthile, bengaqondi okuthile ngokuyisisekelo. Umuntu omkhulu ohlakaniphe kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, angeke akwazi ukubekezelela uhlobo olulodwa lwamakhaza. Izithombe ezishaqisayo ziyakhonjiswa lapho la maphela ezalela khona inani elikhulu, isibonelo, ezakhiweni zamasosha nakwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile esintwini.Futhi-ke, mayelana nokubukeka okufanayo kuthiwa amaqhude anyamalala ngenxa yemisebe yezingcingo noma ngenxa yemisebe yama-oven microwave noma ngenxa yokuthile abasabalalisi benkolelo abangakuqondi futhi bayasaba. Ngenkathi i-hypothesis evamile futhi evimbela kakhulu ukuthi isintu ibhekane nayo futhi ekugcineni yasungula inani le-insecticides elisebenzayo lihlala ngemuva kwezigcawu. Nginezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zemihlambi ehlukahlukene ezishisayo, futhi ngine-microwave, futhi ngisebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini wami, ngokweqiniso. Musa ukubaleka. Kuhlolwe.

Alexander Panchin (U-Ph.D., umcwaningi omkhulu e-A A. Kharkevich Institute of Transfer Izinkinga ze-Russian Academy of Science): Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ngokuvamile eyisiphukuphuku kunazo zonke, ake sithi, inganekwane, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ebanzi, eyomhlaba jikelele, ukuthi isayensi nayo uhlobo oluthile lokholo. Kucace bha ukuthi ukukholwa ukukholelwa entweni edlula ibanga lobufakazi obukhona. Yonke ingqikithi yesayensi icacile ukuthi siyaqiniseka ngokuthile kuze kufike lapho lokhu kulandela kusuka kudatha etholakalayo. Lapho wonke amaqiniso ehlela emcabangweni owodwa wobumbano, khona-ke siyaqonda ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lo mbono uyiqiniso ngokuphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi sivuma amathuba amancane kakhulu wokuthi sinephutha. Uma kukhona umbuzo lapho singayazi impendulo, ngokwesibonelo, "Ngabe kunendawo yonke noma munye?", Bese sibiza izinto ngamagama abo afanele, okuwukucabanga, ukuthatheka. Kwisayensi, izingqinamba zama-hypotheses, imibono efakazelwe, kanye namaqiniso konke kuhlukile. Futhi uma sibiza okuthile ngokuthi iqiniso, kuba iqiniso lapho sithi lokhu kungumqondo - umcabango njalonjalo. Ngokuvamile, isayensi ayihlangene nokukholwa. Futhi ukholo, kubonakala kimi, luyinto engadingekile kangako.

UVitaly Vasyanovich (I-Master of Psychology, inhloko yeprojekthi yesayensi "Zanuda"): Ubuwula obukhulu kunabo bonke? Ngizwe ubuze obuningi emkhakheni wami wesayensi. Yebo, inkinga ukuthi ekuqaleni awazi ukuthi lokhu kuwubuphukuphuku, futhi yilapho kuphela kuvela ukuthi yiso lesi. Kepha okokuqala, sibonga konke okufanayo emfundweni ejwayelekile, kuyinto leyo nto ngokushesha eyaxoshwa kimi ukuthi i-psychology yisayensi yomphefumlo. I-Psychology akuyona isayensi yomphefumulo, yisayensi yezakhiwo zengqondo, izehlakalo zengqondo nezengqondo zengqondo. Kepha ezweni lethu igama elithi psyche alisetshenziswa kakhulu: kuvamile kwinkulumo yesayensi, futhi akuvamile enkulumweni yansuku zonke, ngoba kunokuthile okungaqondile ngaso leso sikhathi, njenge-psyche ne-psycho. Kusekho okuthile okuvela kwesimanje - ukugxekwa kwemfundiso yobuhlakani. Lokho wukuthi, bathi ukuhlolwa kwezobunhloli kulinganisa kuphela ikhono labantu lokuphumelela kulezi zivivinyo. Uphumelele ukuhlolwa kobuhlakani? Hawu, futhi uzizwa kanjani? Ucabanga ukuthi yini ongayethemba imiphumela?

Umsakazi: Ngicabanga impela.

IVitaliy Vasyanovich: Yebo, lokho kusho ukuthi bathole umphumela omuhle. Kepha labo abathola umphumela omubi bathi: "Oooh, kepha ngubani owaziyo ukuthi yini ukulingwa kwakho." Futhi, mhlawumbe, sidinga ukuvikela ngandlela thile lezi zivivinyo, ngoba lokhu kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemfundo yanamuhla. Kungani kwasungulwa izivivinyo? Lapho kuvela imfundo eningi, kwakukhona amakilasi amathathu okuqala eFrance. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngandlela thile izingane ngamaqembu, ngokulandelana, bahlola ukuthi bayazi kanjani. Isivivinyo sokuqala - ukufunda, ukubhala, ukufunda nokubhala ndawonye - lokhu kuyivivinyo lokuqala lomlomo lobuhlakani. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho cabanga ukukhohliswa okujwayelekile, kahle, futhi manje sinezivivinyo ezisontekile ezikala ukubonakaliswa okuncane kakhulu kokucabanga. Sicabanga ukuthi uma ingane noma umuntu omdala esazi ukuthi angenza kanjani ijamo eliyindilinga libe ijikelezo eliyindilinga, njengakule filimu ethi "Idiocracy", kungenzeka ukuthi uhlakaniphile kunomuntu ongeke aqhathanise kanjalo. Kuphakathi unxantathu kumjikelezo - awuzange usebenze, wawugqoka futhi - awusebenzi, lokho kwanele kuye kabili, wakubeka ngendlela efanele. Izindlela zokuhlola ubuhlakani, phakathi kokunye, ikhono labantu lokufunda, ukuthi empeleni umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko bekulokhu futhi kuzohlala - ukukala amandla.Ngakho-ke kuyihlazo elincanyana ukuhlakanipha nokucabanga ukuthi manje lihlanjalazwa kanjani. Kubukeka kimi sengathi abantu nje abayazi kahle le ndaba.

Nikolay Miklouho-Maclay (Umqondisi weMikhlouho-Maclay Ethnocultural Heritage Preservation Fund): Kuyamangaza, uyazi, inganekwane, ngenxa yokuthi uNikolai Nikolaevich waba isihambi esikhulu. Futhi waba yisihambi esikhulu ngenxa yokuthi wanquma ukuya e-terra incognita, eNew Guinea, ngenxa yenganekwane ebaluleke kakhulu eyasakazwa ososayensi bangaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi i-anthropologists: ukuthi abakwaPapu abawona abantu, kepha baluhlobo lwesikhashana phakathi kwenkawu futhi umuntu, futhi ungumjaho onjengesigejane, awucabange? Ngakho-ke, waya eNew Guinea ukuze ayohlaziya le nsumansumane. Uye wafakazela ngesibonelo samaPapuans waseNew Guinea ukuthi bonke abantu bayalingana ngokwemvelo futhi akukho bantu bohlanga oluphakamileyo noluphansi. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyinganekwane ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, mhlawumbe, empilweni, ngenxa yalokho waba umhambi omkhulu futhi odumile.

UNadezhda Pantyulina (Umphenyi oMkhulu, uMnyuziyamu weSayensi Yezinto eziphilayo. K. A. Timiryazev): Ngokuhlanganyela ingosi ye-Antropoisuis.ru, sesivele siveza isithombe sesithathu semnyuziyamu. Eqinisweni, kufanele siguqule noma yikuphi ukukhuluma kwabantu, noma ngabe kubonakala kuwubuwula, emiphumeleni yokuchazwa enjalo. Lokho wukuthi, kufanele sibheke ukuthi bathini laba bantu, bese sibheka ukuthi bangakubonisa kanjani. Ake sithi sinombukiso wokuqala obizwa ngokuthi "amashuni ayi-10 anyakaze umhlaba." Futhi kweza abantu abathi: "Lokhu kuthuke umhlaba? Futhi iphi leyo skull yekristalu?" Ngoba ezinye izimbobo ezingajwayelekile zazifanelwe ukuzamazama. Futhi kulokhu, umsebenzi wethu ukusifundisa ukuphatha ugebhezi njengombhalo. Okusho ukuthi, entweni eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi uchaze ukuthi ama-anthropologists abona kanjani konke okukulesi skull, nokuthi baziqhathanisa kanjani nokwakha izilinganiso ezivela kubo. Ngakho-ke, anginawo umkhuba wokukholelwa ukuthi umbuzo othile uyisiwula. Ukuphindaphinda kwemibuzo efanayo - lokhu, ngeshwa, kuyacasula. Kepha kuleli cala, ngiza nezinye, ziphinde zivele, izichasiselo zokuchaza. Siba nombukiso ojikelezayo "Izikhuni eziyi-17 nezinyo, noma Ukushintsha umuntu ngesikhathi", kwesinye isikhathi ngibe nokuhlupheka ngala mazwi: "Siphinde siqhamuka enkawu, sesikhathele!" futhi kubonakala sengathi abayithandi ngempela le-caricature. Futhi-ke ngathunga igundane lokudlala kwilebula evula umbukiso, lapha sinalo, eqinisweni, lo mbukiso uqala ngegundane lokuthunga. Futhi ithi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 eyedlule, okhokho bethu babebukeka kanjena, futhi, empeleni, kufanele sibonge kubo ukuthi bakwazile ukuphila ezihlahleni, base behla kubo. Hhayi-ke, wonke umuntu uyamamatheka, ngoba ngubani ofuna ukuba yizihlobo zerandi, akunjalo? Inkawu isivele ingcono. Ngakho-ke asinayo imibuzo eyisiphukuphuku ngokuphelele.

Nikolay Pervushin (isazi-mlando sezemvelo, umbhali, intatheli yesayensi): Yebo, iqiniso, inganekwane eyisiwula kunazo zonke ehambisana nesikhala inganekwane yokuthi umhlaba uyisicaba futhi uyamangaza, ukuthi usakhona futhi uyathuthuka. Futhi eqinisweni, uma ubhekisisa umlando wenkinga, kuvela ukuthi abantu bakudala, bobabili basendulo, kanye nabantu beNkathi Ephakathi nokunye babazi ukuthi uMhlaba uyindilinga, kusukela ekubonweni nje kwezinkanyezi ezifanayo, ngendlela egoba ngayo ebusweni bomhlaba. Kungani kungazelelwe le nsumansumane, ngemuva kobuningi bobufakazi buxhasa ububanzi boMhlaba, kwavela ekhulwini lama-21 kimi, ngokwesibonelo, imfumbe. Lokhu mhlawumbe uhlobo oluthile lwento ayihlangene kangako ne-psychology, ezombusazwe, isayensi, kepha kanye ne-psychology yabantu abathize. Kuyacaca ukuthi le yinganekwane yomhlaba wonke, eyisisekelo, engingakusho.

Uma uhlela izinganekwane, ziningi zazo, yize ukubhula ngezinkanyezi ngokwako kuluhlobo olusha lomsebenzi womuntu.Uma uhlela lezi zinganekwane futhi ucabanga ukuthi iyiphi eyisiphukuphuku kunazo zonke (zinele zazo, kepha zonke zakhiwe ngemibono ethile engathi sína, ukuthathwa kwamacala angathi sína, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunzima ukukhipha abayiziphukuphuku phakathi kwabo), khona-ke lokhu kungenzeka konke inganekwane efanayo ngeplanethi iNibiru, endiza ngezikhathi ezithile ngohlelo lonozungezilanga. Ngabe akahlangani kanjani namanye amaplanethi? Kungani kungakuthinti, ngokuba ngumzimba ongathi sína, empeleni, ukukuthinta ukunyakaza kwamanye amaplanethi? Kungani, lezi zidalwa ezihlala emhlabeni noMhlaba wethu futhi isikhathi eside zingena esikhaleni sezinkanyezi futhi, emcabangweni, kufanele zibe nesayensi yemvelo ehluke ngokuphelele, njalonjalo. Kungani befika ngokuthula eMhlabeni wethu, bahlangane nabesifazane bethu, bazale izingane bese babuyela kubo, ngenkathi bethonya leli siko? Le yinganekwane ithuthukiswe kakhulu, akuyona nje inganekwane ngokwayo. Isekelwa inani elikhulu lezincwadi, amafilimu ohlobo oluthile, ngisho nokucwaninga, ucwaningo, lapho nososayensi, okungukuthi, abantu abanolwazi lwangempela nolwamasayensi, bahileleka ngisho nasekufuneni le Nibiru. Futhi ubuwula bale nganekwane ukuthi (kungani, ngombono wami, buyisiphukuphuku kakhulu), ukuthi ngumbuzo nje, kepha kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi awuthinti noma imishini yasezulwini noma ezinye izinqubo, ikakhulukazi izinqubo Emhlabeni, ngandlela thile akwenzeki kulabo abaxoxa ngakho. Ngingasho ukuthi lokhu kungumbhalo oqanjiwe, okuwukuthi, inganekwane yesayensi ezibonisa ukuthi iyinhlangano yohlobo oluthile lokucwaninga imibhalo noma ucwaningo lwesayensi, uhlobo oluthile lwezincwadi zesayensi ezaziwayo, kepha ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu. Futhi iqine kangangokuba akukho kudingekile ukuthi uxoxe ngokungathi sína yonke le miqondo ekhuphuka kulokhu, kumane nje kuyinhlekisa. Into efanayo yenzeka ngaleso sikhathi (manje, ngendlela, le nsumansumane ayizange ibhebhetheke, kepha yathandwa kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ekuqaleni kanye maphakathi nekhulu lama-20) ukuthi kukhona ikhophi yoMhlaba ngaphesheya kweLanga. Yebo, lapho, empeleni, isazi sezinkanyezi sibonisa ukuthi lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba into enjalo ingathinta imishini yamaplanethi futhi ibizobonwa kudala kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izindiza zasemkhathini zivele, ngandlela-thile zikhohlakale. Kepha, ngokusobala, esikhundleni sakhe le nsumansumane yazalwa, mayelana neplanethi ethile yangaphandle eza kithi.

Lokho wukuthi, konke lokhu kunomlando oqondile; kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukutadisha konke lokhu, njengenganekwane yesimanje. Akukhathazi ukufunda ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukucabanga komuntu, umcabango womuntu, ukuthi ukuphakama, kwenzekani, kufinyelela kanjani. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyahlekisa, kepha akusho ukuthi kubone ukuthi lokhu ngokwako kuwubuwula obuningi.