Udokotela ohlinzayo o-Blue (Paracanthurus hepatus), ngaphandle kwalokho "udokotela ohlinzayo wasebukhosini" - inhlanzi yasolwandle yomndeni wakwa-upasuaji (Acanthuridae). Uhlobo oluhlukile lohlobo lweFulegi LaseSports (Paracanthurus). Kuya ngesigaba, i-Acanthurus hepatus, Acanthurus theuthis Lacepede, Paracanthurus theuthis, Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus nazo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa "udokotela ohlinza okwesibhakabhaka."
Ububanzi: amadwala namadwala asezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo eziphakeme zesifunda sase-Indo-Pacific. Emvelweni, ukhula aze afike ku-30 cm.
Incazelo
Odokotela abahlinzayo bezinhlanzi bavame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angenamanzi anosawoti. Ukudla kuyadingeka kulo lonke isikhala se-aquarium.
Abakwa-upasuaji bathola igama laso ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-caudal fin phansi, kufihlwe esimweni esizolile sokophuka onobuthi ngendlela yelancet. Isetshenziselwa ukwesabisa isitha. Njengomzamo wokugcina ungagadla. Kubantu, akubulalanga, kepha kubuhlungu.
Uma ubanjwe umsila “oshisayo”, hlamba isilonda ngamanzi ashisayo noma usishise. Ukufudumala kubangela ukuqhekeka kobuthi. Ungakuyekisi ukopha, kuphume ubuthi.
Ukubukeka
Umumo womzimba yi-elliptical disk, umbala - ukusuka kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngephethini emnyama onsomi. Amaphinifa wangemuva nawama-anal anombala womzimba, onomngcele wobumnyama bangaphandle. I-caudal fin iyi-trapezoidal, i-lime ephuzi ngokuqhubekayo emaphethelweni ephethini yenyama. Kwezinye izimo, amaphiko wesisu se-pectoral kanye nesisu sodokotela ohlinzayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ane-tint ephuzi.
Umlomo mncane, uqondiswe phambili. Amehlo makhulu. Ubude obujwayelekile e-aquarium buyi-20-22 cm.
Indlela yokuphila
Kuyasebenza ntambama, izinhlanzi ezincane zingena emihlanjini, abantu abadala - izifiso. Ukuhlukile kuyinto harem. I-Territoriality ivezwa, kepha ayinabudlova ngaphandle kwezimpahla.
Thanda ukuphina i-algae. Ukuphumula ethafeni. Akunamahloni. Yilwa nomakhelwane abanolaka. Balala endaweni eqondile noma eceleni kwabo. Badinga indawo yokukhosela. Ama-Hepatuses awabhuli inhlabathi, imishini ayonakalisi, kanti namakhorali awangeneleli.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wase-Arab, u-sohal (Acanthurus sohal)
Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela ohlinzayo wase-Arabia. Ungowe-genus Surgeonfish (Acanthurus). Kutholakala ngemvelo ezihlahleni zemijondolo engasogwini lwase-Arabia oLwandlekazi i-Indian, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye nePersian Gulf. I-Territorial, nolaka, ihlasela umuntu ngokwephula imingcele.
Endle kukhula kufika kuma-40 cm.Imibala - grey ngemivimbo onsomi, kwezinye izimo iba ngamaphethini. Isisu sikhanya. Ama-anal ne-dorsal fins, i-caudal marart - onsomi. Izikhala kanye nendawo ye-gill kuqokonyiswa e-orange exwayisayo. I-caudal fin inesimo sophawu olujikelezayo lwe- “Ω”.
Ekudingisweni, abesilisa bahlangana kabi nazo zonke izinhlanzi ngaphandle kwe-harem. Ama-Shellfish kanye nama-crustaceans adla. Kudingeka isitsha esivela ku-0.7 m3 kumuntu oyedwa. Nge-harem - kusuka ku-1 m3.
Zebrasoma
Uhlobo lwe-Zebrasoma luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-7. Ama-zebrasomes aphuzi (ama-Zebrasoma flavescens) ajwayelekile kuma-aquariums. Emvelweni, etholakala ezigodini ezishisayo zasolwandle iPacific naseNdiya, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye nePersian Gulf. Inhlobo isongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yokudoba okungalawulwa.
Endle, ikhula ibe ngu-40 cm. Ebhange - 20-25 cm. Umbala womzimba namaphini ngiphuzi kalamula, isipikili simhlophe. Imihlathi idlulile. Isitsha siyadingeka kusuka ku-0.4 m3.
Ukuhambisana nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinokuthula. Ngokuvamile i-herbivore, idla i-algae ematsheni aphilayo.
Udokotela ohlinzayo webele elimhlophe (Acanthurus leucosternon)
Ihlala esifundeni esishisayo nesiphakeme se-Indian kanye ne-East Pacific.
Umzimba uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphinifa we-pectoral and dorsal, isisekelo somsila aphuzi. Imihlathi ephansi, i-ventral ne-anal fins imhlophe. I-caudal fin imhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama nomphetho. Ikhanda nezindebe zinsomi ejulile.
Udokotela ohlinzwe amabele amhlophe unolaka endaweni yakhe. Ukuba ngumakhelwane nodokotela abahlinzayo bezinye izinhlobo akulungile. Ekudingisweni, ikhula ibe ngu-30- 35 cm. Isikole sokufunda. I-can iyadingeka kusuka ku-1 m3 yabamele abangu-4-5. Omnivorous, yidla i-algae. Umlingisi ngamunye, ubona umnikazi.
Udokotela ohlinzayo waseJapan (Acanthurus japonicus)
Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela ohlinzayo wethusi. Ububanzi: amadwala angajulile entshonalanga yoLwandle iPacific, eningizimu yeJapan.
Umbala womzimba yi-taupe. Imivimbo engu-ulamula-ophuzi eduze kwama-anal and dorsal fins kanye naphansi komsila. Amaphiko amnyama ngomngcele we-neon oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-caudal fin imhlophe nge-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhula ibe ngu-14-16 cm. Ngokuvamile i-herbivore. Kepha futhi idla i-shrimp, imbaza.
Kuxabanisa izihlobo. Okuqukethwe nabanye odokotela abahlinzayo akunconyiwe. Kwinhlanzi eyodwa, kudingeka umkhumbi wamalitha angama-400.
I-Striped Surgeon (Acanthurus lineatus)
U-Lineatus acanthus noma udokotela ohlinzayo we-pajama uhlala ezigodini zamakhorali ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi zesifunda sase-Indo-Pacific. Emvelweni, ukhula aze afike ku-40 cm, ekuthunjweni - 25-30 cm.
Isisu ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezinhlangothini nasemuva kukhona imidwebo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-neon, i-orange-yellow and black strit. I-ventral fin iyiphuzi noma i-orange. I-Dorsal ne-anal ngmpunga-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka neon. I-caudal fin inesimo sophawu olujikelezayo "Ω", grey, elinomugqa ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-neon.
I-Acanthurus lineatus iyindawo, inolaka kubadokotela abahlinzayo. Iqukethe izinsikazi embizeni engu-1 m3. Kudingeka inqwaba yezindawo zokugcina imifino nezindawo zokuhlala ezibanzi.
I-Zebra Surgeon (Acanthurus tristegus)
Futhi ebizwa "ngecala" ngombala wayo wesimo. Ihlala ezihlahleni ze-South Indian kanye ne-East Pacific Oceans. Efuna ukudla, ungena esigudlweni.
Umbala womzimba we-Acanthurus tristegus ungwevu ocwebezelayo, kwesinye isikhathi upende ophuzi, onemibala emnyama grey noma emnyama. Amaphiko kukhona sobala noma mhlophe. Ifinyelela kusayizi wama-25 cm (ekuthunjweni kwe-10-15 cm).
Acanthurus tristegus - isikole, esingenalo ulaka. Kubantu abangu-4-5, uzodinga umkhumbi wamalitha angama-500. I-Herbivores idla imifino ematsheni aphilayo.
I-Chocolate Surgeon (Acanthurus pyroferus)
Ububanzi: ogwini olusogwini lwe-Indo-Pacific basin, ngaphandle kweHawaii. Ikhula ibe ngu-25 cm (ekuthunjweni - 16-18 cm). Umbala - ngwevu ngombala onsundu. Amagilo, umhlathi ophansi, kanye nesisekelo somsila kumnyama. Amaphiko amnyama, umsila umsila umnyama, ngesimo sohlamvu olujikelezayo "Ω".
Hlala wedwa noma une-harem. Ingquza yenhlanzi eyodwa - 250-300 amalitha. Okwemihlambi - kusuka kumalitha angama-400. Odokotela abahlinzwa kahle.
I-Paracanthurus hepatus ivame ukutholakala emanzini asolwandle asolwandle anamakhorali anzima futhi athambile. Uma amakhorali ekhona, khona-ke imibandela inqunywa yiwo. Odokotela abahlinzayo abahlaza okwesibhakabhaka bajwayela kalula.
I-Aquarium
Ijamo yibhokisi elingunxande noma ikhiyubhu. Amandla omhlambi - kusuka ku-1 m3, kokukodwa - kusuka ku-0.3 m3. Ububanzi bekhebula buzoba yi-1 x 1 x 1 m. Ukuqinisekisa isikhala samahhala sokubhukuda, ububanzi nokujula kufanele kunikezwe okuningi, okuhlobene nokuphakama. Ukubeka imbiza nemishini uzodinga isisekelo.
Amapharamitha wamanzi
Izilwane zasolwandle zijwayele izimo ezinzile futhi namanzi acwebile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Emanzini kasawoti e-alkaline, amathuba okuthi ubuthi be-ammonia ayanda. Ngakho-ke, ngokuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwabakhileyo abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yenza ukuhlolwa ngokuphuthumayo (kuthengiswa ezitolo zezilwane). Shintsha amanzi uma kunesidingo.
- Ukushisa kwamanzi: 24-26 ° C. Ukwanda okubucayi kuya ku-29 ° C ngenxa yokushisa kwemvelo noma ukuwohloka kwe-thermostat. Ukufa okungenzeka kwabahlali.
- Umswakama: pH 8.1-8.4.
- Ubulukhuni beCarbonate: dkH 8-11. Lapho i-dkH iwela ngaphansi kwe-7, izinhlanzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zidla amakhorali.
- Usawoti: 35-36 ‰.
Usawoti (‰) | Ubukhulu (kg / m3 ku-25 ° C) | I-Gravity ethile (g / cm3 ku-25 ° C) |
35 | 1023,3 | 1,0264 |
36 | 1024,1 | 1,0271 |
Ukugxilwa okuvumelekile okuphezulu:
- I-NH3 (ammonia) - ifike ku-0,1 mg / l,
- I-NO2 (nitrites) - ifinyelela ku-0,2 mg / l.
Ukubonakala kwamanzi kuqinisekiswa ngesihlungi esisetshenziswayo. Izinto ezinobungozi zisuswa yi-biofiltration: ukwelashwa ngamagciwane, i-oxidizing ammonia kanye ne-nitrites kuma-nitrate (NO3). Kusetshenziswa nesihlungi samakhemikhali. Njengoba kunikezwe izidingo eziphezulu zezakhamizi, kuyanconywa isampula.
Ukuguqulwa kwamasonto onke kwe-1 / 4-1 / 3 yethamo lamanzi kuyadingeka. Ngokufaka usawoti, sebenzisa usawoti we-aquarium ovela esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo kanye ne-osmosis.
Izinsalela zokudla nemikhiqizo yokungcola ivusa ukubukeka kwezinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Susa ukungcola nge-siphon.
Izitshalo
I-algae idonsa ama-nitrate, ama-phosphates ne-calcium. I-carbon dioxide encibilikisiwe iguqulwa ibe i-oxygen yi-photosynthesis. Ukudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngeke kuvumele imifino ukugcwalisa isikhala se-aquarium. Amathikithi asetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuphephela.
- ICowlerpa ifakwe ematsheni noma ekubhukuda kwikholamu yamanzi.
- IGetomorfa ikhula ebhange ledemo futhi isebenza ku-sump.
- AmaHalimesi akhula ngamandla, athathe izimpande emhlabathini.
- I-bamboo ebomvu itshalwe emhlabathini. Isihlahla sifinyelela ubude obungu-15-30 cm.
I-Priming
Chips ezinconyiwe zamakhorali ngezingcezu ezifika ku-5 mm. Igcina ibhalansi ye-acidity. Bandisa okuqukethwe kwe-calcium okudingekayo ku-algae emvelweni, futhi bakhiphe izinto ezilandelwayo ezidingekayo kubahlali abaluhlaza namakhorali.
Izinsiza
Indawo engaphezulu komhlaba nokugeleza kubangela ukuhwamuka okukhulu kwamanzi. Sebenzisa ukugcwalisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo ukuze ulondoloze usawoti. Thenga esitolo noma uzenzele. Ukweqa ngaphezulu, sebenzisa i-osmosis ngaphandle kokufaka usawoti.
Isampula lenzelwe ukucubungula okuhlanganisiwe kwemvelo. Kungu-1/3 umthamo ophambili ohlukaniswe ngama-compartments. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi ngomshini kusuka ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu kwenziwa kuqala.
Ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe okuvela odabeni lwe-organic kwenzeka ku-skimmer. Ungu “penny”, “iflacator”. Ukuhlanzwa komoya kubangela ukugcwala kwezinto ngokweqile ku-foam ebusweni. Igwebu liyasuswa.
Ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa nge-carbon esebenze. Ekhompyutheni yezinto eziphilayo, i-nitrite ne-ammonia ziyacutshungulwa. Ku-scrubber kanye ne-refugi (algae), ama-phosphates nama-nitrate adonswa yi-algae (imvamisa i-hetomorph), ephansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isibani se-ultraviolet.
Kulesi sump, kuyisiko ukubeka i-heater ene-registo yokulawula kanye ne-thermometer. I-TDP - 1 W nge-1 litre yevolumu. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuhlelwe yiphampu. Ukukhiqiza - amavolumu 8-10 e-aquarium eyinhloko ngehora.
Imishini edingekayo ifihliwe enkampini yenethiwekhi. Okuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwesakhiwo futhi kunciphise umsindo.
Kwezinye izimo, ukushisa ngokweqile kwaphakathi kwenzeka. Ama-degree ambalwa azopholisa i-aquarium nge-fan fan. Ukuguquguquka kwamanzi kubangela ukuba kupholile. Uma ukusebenza kahle akwanele, thola okubandayo noma okukhiqizwa uketshezi okupholile.
Ama-corals adinga amanje ukuze ondle. Okukhethwa kukho konke ngukusebenza okuhlukile kokuxubha kwamaphampu ngamawolthi we-10-15 ahlanganisiwe womkhumbi wokubonisa ngehora.
Isibani
Ama-corals adinga ukukhanyiswa okufanele. Ama-polyps athola ezinye zezinto ezidingekayo kusuka ku-Symbiont algae. I-algae idinga ukukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis. Imvamisa, i-flux ekhanyayo ka-70-80 lumens ilitha ngalinye lomthamo yanele.
Sebenzisa izibani ze-tubular fluorescent zohlobo lwe-LB noma izibani ze-LED ezinokushisa kombala wemithombo engu-7000 K. Imithombo ye-LED ihlala isikhathi eside (kusuka emahoreni angama-50 000) futhi idlula konke okwaziwayo ekukhishweni kokukhanya.
Ukondla
Emvelweni wemvelo, udokotela ohlinzayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka udla i-zooplankton, i-algae. E-aquarium, u-70% wokudla ungukudla kwezitshalo. Ama-Greens azothola ngokwawo ngokuzimela. Ukuvimbela ukudla kwe-algae, nikeza imifino ebunjiwe, i-oatmeal, kanye ne-spirulina amaphilisi. Ngokuvamile kuba ngokweqile kwama-hetomorphs ku-sump algae. Thumela ezilwaneni ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Nikeza ukudla okukhona noma okubandayo amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto. Inyama ewusizo ye-shrimp, ama-mussels, i-fillet yezinhlanzi zolwandle.
Yondla izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngosuku. Usuku lokuzila ukudla lwamasonto onke.
Izifo
Odokotela abahlinzayo abangama-Blue bagula kalula. Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, alulama ngokuphepha. Isifo esijwayelekile i-cryptocaryon.
I-Cryptocaryon ibangelwa izimuncagazi ezikhona emanzini olwandle. Izinhlanzi ezibanjwe emvelweni kungenzeka ukuthi zingenwe yilesi sifo. Lesi sifo siziveza maqondana nengcindezi yokuhamba kanye nokuqina kokuzivikela komzimba. Izimpawu: ukubukeka kokukhula okumhlophe okungu-0.5-1 mm ubukhulu. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, kufika ku-2 mm.
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, tshala isilwane sasekhaya esigulayo. Izitolo zezilwane zasekhaya zithengisa imikhiqizo equkethe yethusi (i-sulfate yethusi). Cwilisa ngokusho kwemiyalo enamathiselwe. Ukwelashwa kuthatha amasonto ama-2-5. Izinqubo ku-aquarium ejwayelekile azinakwenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona kwamakhorali angakwazi ukubekezelela ithusi.
Ngokuvimbela lesi sifo, kunconywa ukuguquguquka kwamanzi njalo, kunconywa i-UV ye-can can main noma isampula.
Ukubuyekezwa
Abaniniyo bagubha ingaphandle elihehayo lenhlanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isimilo esihle. Ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium, i-corals. Kukhombisa umlingiswa ngamunye kanye nekhono lokufunda. Izama ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlanzi. Ugula kaningi, kepha imvamisa ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Usayizi | Isigaba | Intengo (₽) |
Kufika ku-3 cm | S | 3300 |
Kufika ku-6 cm | M | 4200 |
Kufika ku-8 cm | L | 5700 |
Kufika ku-12 cm | I-XL | 7500 |
Kufika ku-15 cm | IXXL | 10900 |
Igalari yezithombe
Isiphetho
Udokotela ohlinzayo o-Blue - umhlobiso wolwandle lwasekhaya. Ayilahlekile ngemuva kwezinye izinhlanzi ezikhanyayo. Okuqukethwe akuyona inkimbinkimbi (impilo yasolwandle). Ilungele i-reari aquarium. Isibindi eside, sidinga imbiza ebanzi, kepha ezimweni ezintofontofo ayikhombisi ulaka. Ububi: ayizali ekhaya.
Izindaba zabantu abahlukunyezwe kanye nofakazi bokuzibonela
Nakhu abavakashi ababhalayo emazwini abo mayelana nomhlangano wokuqala nenhlanzi ehlinzayo:
Svetlana (alimale izinhlanzi eholidini, 2015):
Lonyaka, inhlanzi ehlinzayo, lesi sithole esincane, yangikokotela. Empeleni, nami bengizifunela yona. Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bengingazi nokuthi le nhlanzi enhle iyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umuntu lapho uhamba futhi asakaze imilenze yalezi zinhlanzi, kodwa yimi kuphela engiyitholile. Ngiyavuma, ukulimala kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela basehhotela bageza umlenze wami ngamanzi egumbi, base befaka i-shovchik. Ngiye ngisole ukuthi umthungo wawungenakubekwa okuthile. Kungaba ngcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ashisayo. Hhayi-ke, izinsuku ezi-3 ziyi-antibiotic.
Alina (alimale izinhlanzi eholidini, 2013):
I-11/26/2013 ibuya ku-Sharm El Sheikh.
Ngifuna ukuxwayisa wonke umuntu, olwandle, lapho kunamakhorali eduze nolwandle, lezi zinhlanzi (iSurgeon Fish) ziningi. Ngangihlushwa yena. Wama waist-wajulile emanzini futhi wabheka phansi enhlanzini, ngangigqoke izimbotshana. Ngokwami angizwanga sengozini, kodwa nginqume umlenze ukuze ngithuthe. Ubuhlungu abubekezeleleki. Qaphela ukuhlangana nobuhle obunjalo.
Ukuze uthole ezinye izinhlanzi eziyingozi ongazihlangana nazo eholidini olwandle, funda lo mbhalo: "Izingozi zolwandle ezingaphansi kwamanzi."