Ubude benyoka enkulu bungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5, isisindo esingu-97 kg nangaphezulu. Ososayensi bathole lokho anaconda kusuka kumamitha ayi-9 kuye kwayi-11 ubude yinganekwane, ngoba ubude bawo abudluli kumamitha ayi-6.5. Umzimba wenyoka uhlukaniswe ngumsila kanye nomzimba omkhulu onama-vertebrae angama-435. Izimbambo zayo ziyiselula futhi ivumela ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu kakhulu. Igebhezi ama-anacondas liqukethe amathambo ahambayo, axhumeke ngama-ligaments. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ivula kakhulu umlomo waso futhi iginye lonke inyamazane. Amehlo aphezulu namakhaleni avumela ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Amehlo akhe akuvumela ukuba ulandele ngokushesha inyamazane, futhi ungagxili, sibonga esikalini esibonakalayo. Amazinyoi-anaconda enkulu, musa ukuqukatha ubuthi, yize bukhali futhi bude, ngakho-ke ukulunywa ngumuntu akubulalanga. Isitho esibalulekile senyoka ulimi, olubhekele ukunambitheka nephunga. Isikhumba se-anaconda somile futhi siminyene, futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi ayinazo izindlala ze-mucous. Kepha kuyakhanya, sibonga esikalini. Umbala wakhe wesikhumba uluhlaza grey nge-tint ephuzi ne-olive, futhi emgogodleni kukhona amabala amnyama avumela imaski.
Ihlala kuphi i-anaconda enkulu?
Njengoba i-anaconda enkulu Uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe emanzini futhi ukubhukuda okuhle kakhulu, uhlala eziteshini zemifula ethule, ezixhaphozini nasemanzini asemfuleni. Ngezikhathi ezithile uyashona ogwini futhi akhwele ezihlahleni. Kusuka kwisomiso anaconda imisele ngemisele futhi ilindele imvula. Ungahlangana nenyoka enje kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika, eBrazil, ePeru, eGuiana, eParaguay, eGuyana, e-Ecuador, eVenezuela, eColombia, naseBolivia.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani u-anaconda?
Umbala oyinhloko ubhukudi, uvame ukuba luhlaza. Emzimbeni wenyoka kukhona amabala ansundu athi gqwa gqwa. Ziyindilinga noma ziwele, zinomngcele ongalingani. Ezinhlangothini kukhona amabala amancane aphuzi, ezizungeze kuwo kukhona amasongo amnyama. Lokhu kufakwa umbala kufiphaza kahle ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona i-anaconda. Izindawo zokugcina ahlala kuzo, kukhula ulwelwe oluningi olunamaqabunga ansundu naphuzi afihla inyoka.
Umthambo we-anaconda uhlukaniswe isiqu nomsila. Emzimbeni wesilwane, kukhona ama-vertebrae angama-435. Izimbambo zenyoka ziyasebenza futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma zigwinyiwe, zingasakazeka amabanga amade. Inhliziyo ekhasayo ihamba ukuze ingakhungathwa inyamazane. I-anaconda edlile ibukeka iyinqaba, enwebekile enkulu phakathi. Ububanzi bomzimba okule ndawo buba bukhulu kakhulu. Ukunyakaza kunzima futhi kwehla ijubane.
Esigebheni senyoka kukhona okuhlanganayo okuhlanganayo. Amathambo ayo axhumene nemisipha yokuqina, evumela i-anaconda ukuvula umlomo wayo kabanzi ukuze igwinye inyamazane.
Amakhala kanye namehlo atholakala engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, ekuvumela ukuthi uphefumule futhi uqaphele ukuthi kwenzekani nxazonke, kuyiphakamisa kancane ngaphezu kwamanzi. U-Anaconda angaqapha isisulu, isikhathi eside sibe ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi sihlale singabonakali. I-reptile ihlasela kungazelelwe. Amehlo enyoka akhiwe ngendlela yokuthi alandelela ukuhamba kwezinyamazane, kepha angakwazi ukugxilisa amehlo akhe kuyo isikhathi eside. Uma into yokuzingela ihlala ingashukumi, i-reptile ayikhohlwa.
Isikhumba simanzi futhi somile, ngoba umzimba awunazo izicubu zomzimba ebusweni. Izikhumba zesikhumba ziyacwebezela. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, isikhumba esidala siyalahlwa njengesitoko.
U-Anaconda akakhiqizi ubuthi. Lapho amathe engena esilondeni, ukudakwa komzimba akwenzeki. Ukulimala okubangelwa amazinyo enyoka kubuhlungu. Ukulunywa kuyashiswa bese kuphulukiswa isikhathi eside, ngoba amagciwane asezinambuzaneni akhona emazinyweni esiqhwaga. Amazinyo ngokwawo amade futhi mancane, ngakho-ke angena kalula ezicutshini. Ukwehlulwa okunjalo emvelweni kuyingozi ikakhulukazi lapho ingekho indlela yokuthola usizo lodokotela, ngoba isimo sezulu esilinganayo sibonisa ukukhula ngokushesha kokuvuvukala.
Ubude
Ubude benyoka ngamamitha angama-4-5. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Ngobude, ama-pythons abonakalayo adlula i-anaconda, kepha hhayi ngesisindo. Isisindo sabantu besifazane sifinyelela ku-70 kg, futhi ubuncane besisindo sabesilisa abancane bungama-30 kg. Isisindo se-anaconda sidlula isisindo se-python yasebukhosini, okuyinyoka ende kunazo zonke.
U-Anaconda ukhula impilo yonke. Ekuqaleni kuyinqubo enesivunguvungu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyehlisa ijubane, kepha ayimisi.
Kukholakala ukuthi inyoka ingaba yinde ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5. I-anaconda enkulu kunayo yonke yayingamamitha angama-24. Kodwa-ke, la maqiniso awaqinisekisiwe. Ukuba khona kwe-anaconda enkulu, umbuzo wezazi zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokusemthethweni, i-anaconda enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yabanjwa eVenezuela - lokhu kungowesifazane obude bamamitha ayi-21 amasentimitha. Isisindo sakhe sasingu-97,5 kg. Lesi yisibonelo esiphezulu esibanjiwe. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi emvelweni ungathola isampula enkulu, engamamitha amaningi ubude kune-avareji, kuze kufike ku-6 m 70 cm.
Lapho kuhlala khona ama-anacondas
Inyoka ihlala eSouth America, engxenyeni yayo eshisayo (ehlathini). Ungahlangana ne-anaconda empumalanga ye-Andes, eVenezuela, eBrazil, e-Ecuador naseColombia. Kuyatholakala nasempumalanga yeParaguay, enyakatho-mpumalanga yePeru nasenyakatho yeBolivia. Izinyoka ezinkulu ezatholakala esiqhingini saseTrinidad.
Kunzima ukulinganisa inani lezinyoka, ngoba umhlaba we-anaconda unzima ngabantu ukufinyelela kuwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akukho datha eqondile yokuthi yimaphi amandla okukhula noma ukuncipha kwenani lalolu hlobo onalo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziyaqiniseka ukuthi okwamanje i-anaconda ayisongelwanga ukuqothulwa.
Ezilwaneni zasekhaya, lolu hlobo lwenyoka olukhulu kakhulu lukhona ngamanani amakhulu, naphezu kobunzima obuningi ekuhlinzekeni izimo ezidingekayo ukuze inyoka iphile. Ukuba khona kwesitokwe esinjalo sabantu kusikisela ukuthi lesi silwane asinakuba sendleleni yokuqothulwa.
Inyoka isondela enkanjini noma emfuleni, ngaphandle kwesivinini esinamandla. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala, endaweni yokugcina okhethiwe, njalo. Uma womile, bathuthela endaweni entsha. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, uma inyoka ingezwa sengathi kunamanzi eduze, ivele iwele esigungwini bese iwa esimweni sokuzilibazisa, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimvula. Lapho nje amanzi esebuya, i-anaconda iphuma ekuxineni kwayo ibuyele empilweni esebenzayo.
Isikhathi esiningi inyoka ichitha emanzini. Ufika kancane nje ogwini kanye nokhuphuzi ukuhlala elangeni, ukuqongelela ukushisa. U-Anaconda uyakwazi ukugibela amagatsha aphansi ezihlahla ezinkulu ezilele kuwo, aqonde elangeni.
I-molt yenyoka idlula ngaphansi kwamanzi. I-reptile ihlangana nezinto bese kancane kancane ikhipha isikhumba esidala. Inqubo enjalo yaqashelwa ikakhulu ekudingisweni, ngoba ekubukeni kwe-anaconda kunzima.
Ngabe kudlani?
Inyoka ingumhlaseli. Ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anaconda ihlukanisa ukudla kwayo nezinhlanzi. Isisulu esikhulu senyoka enkulu esingabamba yile:
Abantu abakhulu bahlasela ama-caimans, ama-capybaras nabhaka. Lesi silwanyana esikhulu kuyaqabukela singena ekudleni kwenyoka. Ukulwa nesisulu esikhulu kuyingozi kwi-anaconda, ngakho-ke ayifuni ukubhekana nalesi simo. Kunzima ukuthi inyoka idle isisulu esinjalo.
Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukubulala nokudla ezinye izinyoka. Kwi-zoo, kwaqoshwa icala lapho kudliwa yi-anaconda ngamamitha angama-2,5 ubude.
Isilwane esijabulisayo isikhathi eside silele. Lapho inyamazane isondela ngokwanele, inyoka iyayihlasela, izisongele umzimba wayo, iyisonge. I-Anaconda ayiwaphuli amathambo ohlukunyezwayo, futhi ayichobozi izitho zayo zangaphakathi. Ukufa kwenyamazane kuvela ngokugcwala, ngoba inyoka ayivumeli isisulu ukuba siphefumule, sicindezela indawo yamaphaphu.
Konke ukudla kuygwinyiwe. Yelula umlomo nomphimbo, inyoka inwebeka phezu kwesisulu njengokuthenga kwesitoko. Kunezikhathi lapho i-anaconda, lapho igwinyiwe, ithola ukulimala okungathi sína. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziyaqiniseka ukuthi inyoka ayikwazi ukulinganisa usayizi wezinyamazane futhi ayiboni ingozi yokudla into enkulu. Imvamisa kufa izinyoka ezigwinya isilwane esinezimpele, izimpondo noma izikali zokusika kanzima.
Izalela kanjani?
U-anaconda uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe eyedwa. Lapho zivuthana, izidalwa ezihlangene zakha amaqembu amakhulu. Lo mzuzu uwela ekuqaleni kwesizini yemvula, okuhlaselwa yi-Amazon ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Abesifazane bashiya umkhondo okhethekile onephunga elimnandi abesilisa abawuthola. Kunombono wokuthi inyoka ishiya iphunga elithandekayo kumlingani wesikhathi esizayo emhlabeni futhi idedele izinto ezifanayo emoyeni, ikhulisa ijubane lokusabalala kwayo.
Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sokuzungeza insikazi eyodwa, ehlala izolile, abesilisa abaningi abajabule bayakhasa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa ibhola lezinyoka. Njengomzuzu wokukhwelana, ngenxa yesikhumba esikhethekile sezinyoka, kuzwakala umsindo wokugaya.
Ukuzalela kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-6-7. Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukudla ngokugcwele, insikazi ilahlekelwa amahlandla ama-2. Lokhu akumthinti isimo sakhe.
I-Anaconda isho izinyoka ezi-ovoviviparous. Ukukhula kwenzalo kwenzeka emzimbeni. Ama-kites azalwa emile. Isibalo senzalo ingama-30- 40 kites. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izintokazi ezinkulu zizala amazinyane ayi-100. Ubude bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa buyi-50-80 cm.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-anaconda ingahle ingenzi amaqanda emzimbeni, kodwa iwabeke phansi. Isimo esinjalo sibhekwa njengesihlukile futhi sibonisa kuphela abesifazane abanciphile abangakwazi ukubekezelela ukwakheka kwezinyoka emzimbeni.
Izitha
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo nesisindo, izinsikazi ezindala azivamile ukuba izisulu zezinyamazane. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlaselwa ngama-jaguars, ama-cougars nama-caimans. Ezimweni ezingazodwa, ama-otter amakhulu ahlasela abantu abasha. Amacala wokugcotshwa kwensangu nawo aqaphelekile.
Ingozi enkulu indoda. Izizwe zasekhaya ziyayithanda inyama yezilwane ezifuywayo, enambitheka kamnandi futhi inempilo. Ukuzingela i-anaconda akubonwa njengeyingozi, ngoba kusaba abantu futhi akubonisi ulaka olunamandla, izama ukwethusa umhlaseli nokucasha. Isikhumba sezinyoka sisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi yezandla ethengiselwa izivakashi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyoka asisungulwa ngokuqondile, ngoba ezimeni ze-terrariums ama-anacondas aphila ngaphansi kommeleli wasendle wezinhlobo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ekuthunjweni, inyoka ihlala iminyaka engama-5-6, kanti isikhathi sokuphila esidotshwe ngokusemthethweni se-anaconda ngokwemvelo sihlala sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-28. Ngokusobala i-reptile ingaphila isikhathi eside, kepha ngenxa yokushoda kwemininingwane, amacala anjalo awakaze abhalwe. Akukaziwa ukuthi bangaki abamele ababi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izazi zebhayoloji zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-anaconda: zasebukhosini, ezikhulu neziphuzi. Banendlela yokuphila efanayo nokudla. Umehluko omkhulu izici zabo onazo ngumbala nosayizi.
I-Anaconda inyoka eyingqayizivele. Le nhlobo eshisayo, engenabo ubuthi iyakwazi ukufinyelela ngezilinganiso ezinkulu. Ucwaningo lwenyoka luyaqhubeka. Imvelo iyaqhubeka nokumangaza abantu ngezici zabakhileyo kuyo.
Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani u-anaconda
Anaconda ingakhula yonke imijikelezo yayo yempilo, ngesikhathi sokuqala kakhulu, khona-ke inqubo ihamba kancane. Lungisa izimpilo ezingakanani i-anaconda enkulu yehlulekile. Iminyaka engu-5-6 isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoka ngokwesilinganiso, kepha inyoka eneminyaka engama-28 yatholakala. Lesi silo esingaphila isikhathi esingakanani saziwa uNkulunkulu yedwa.
Okudla i-anaconda
Giant anaconda ukuzingela emanzini noma ogwini. Ulinda inyamazane ngokungagudluki, khona-ke uhlasela kakhulu azisongele isisulu, amgwaze. Isisulu sakhe sibulawa yikugcotshwa, futhi hhayi ngaso sonke ngenxa yethambo eliphukile. Kwesinye isikhathi, anaconda ibamba inyamazane ngamazinyo ayo. Kudla izimfudu, izinyoni ezintantayo, i-iguanas, izibankwa, ama-capybaras, abapheki, ama-capybaras, ama-agouti, ama-caimans, ama-tupinanbis kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ezinkulu zenyoka.Yiba yisisulu nezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjengamakati, izinja nezinkukhu. Anaconda isikhathi eside kungaba ngaphandle kokudla, ngoba ukudla kugaywe amasonto ambalwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-anacondas
• Abantu besaba ama-anacondas futhi wambheka njengenyoka enegazi, eqinisweni, bekukhona kuphela ukuhlaselwa komfana osemusha ovela esizweni samaNdiya.
• Abantu bathembisa imali enkulu i-anaconda enkulu Amamitha ayi-9, kepha ubude bawo abudluli kumamitha ayi-6 cm.
• EMelika, anaconda wayengumlingiswa omuhle kakhulu nowesabekayo wamafilimu.
• Anaconda awukwazi ukukhubaza isisulu ngamehlo akhe! Bangangena kuphela kusiqu sephunga labo lasendle.