I-Pego duck ingenye yabamele imibala emndenini wedada ngenxa yombala ohlukile wempula. Le nyoni eyingqayizivele inezici ezithile eziphawuleka kwama-goose and swans. Kowokuqala, “wamukela” lokhu kuziphatha phansi nasemoyeni: amagebhugebhu yidada elihamba kalula, ngokushesha futhi lihambe kakhulu ezweni, kepha liqhubeke nokundiza kwalo liqonde, lindiza lihamba kancane futhi lingafane landise amaphiko alo njengamahansi. Ngama-swans, ihlanganiswa yi-monogamy ebudlelwaneni bokuphasa: abesilisa nabesifazane bakha ubudlelwano obuqinile bempilo.

Incazelo yamaphikisi amadada

Lesi iselfowuni esikhulu esinamanzi anesiqu esikhulu esikhanyayo. Ngobude, izinsikazi zifinyelela ku-58 cm, abesilisa - ama-65 cm, kanti amaphiko azo ahlukahluka kusuka ku-110 kuya ku-130 cm. Lolu hlobo luhluka ngezihlobo zalo entanyeni ende nasemilenzeni ephakeme. Isisindo sabesilisa yi-0.9-1.65 kg, insikazi - 0.6-1.3 kg.

Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, idada lesikhonkwane liyahlukahluka kwamanye amadada ngombala wemoto ehlanganisa imibala egqamile. Isizinda esimhlophe esimhlophe se-plumage siqhathanisa kahle nesibhakabhaka esimnyama esikhanyayo ngombala wekhanda, intamo, izimpiko zamaphiko nengxenye ephakathi yesisu nomhlane. Ukubukeka okuhle kwale nyoni kunikezwa yibhande le-red-chestnut, elimboza isifuba, amahlombe ehlombe nengxenye yomhlane, kanye nomsila obomvu, imilenze epinki kanye noqhwaku obomvu.

Izici zesici sowesilisa zifaka izibuko eziluhlaza ogqamile emaphikweni nokukhula kukaphayini wombala ofanayo nomlomo ohlobisa uqhwaku. Kwabesifazane, izimpaphe ezizungeze amehlo zimhlophe.

Habitat

Idada le-Pegans lifakwe kwi-Red Book isikhathi esithile, ngoba inani labantu balo liyancipha ngokuqinile. Ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila, lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswe zaba ngamaqembu amancane amabili. Enye yazo ihlala emithonjeni yamanzi anosawoti futhi ongamakhambi ezifundeni ezomile zaseCentral Asia, owesibili - ugu lolwandle lwaseYurophu. E-Russia, le nhlobo ingatholakala endaweni eyi-steppe ne-step-steppe eseningizimu, kanye naseziqhingini ze-White Sea.

Lezi zinyoni zifika ezindaweni zokudla ezidlekeni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze kwakhiwe izidleke zesikhathi esizayo, bakhetha imithombo yamanzi enamanzi amfushane noma enosawoti, etholakala eduze kwesikebhe samatshe noma izindunduma zesihlabathi.

Umnotho

Igama laseRussia - Peganka, Atayka
Igama lesiLatin - Tadorna tadorna
Igama lesiNgisi - Сommon shelduck
Isigaba - Izinyoni (Izinduna)
I-Order - Anseriformes
Umndeni - Amadada (Anatidae)
IGenus - I-Pegans (Tadorna)

Kwezentengiselwano, amathoyizi athatha isikhundla esiphakathi kokumanzi namadada, futhi womabili la maqembu ezinyoni afana nokubukeka nokuziphatha kwawo. Ngokuvamile, izikhonkwane zithathwa njengendlela yakudala futhi eyindala yamadada. Igama elijwayelekile lamapheya nomlilo osondelene nawo - "amadada odaka" kwavela mayelana nokuthambekela kwabo kokudlela izidleke emigodini, emigodini yodaka, emifantwini yamatshe.

Ukuzala

Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kumadada we-Pego wesilisa kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-4-5 ubudala, kepha kwabesifazane, amandla okubeka amaqanda kwenzeka kabili ekuqaleni kwawo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kulezi zinyoni ziqala ngemuva kokufika ezindaweni zokuthola izidleke, kanti inzalo ivela kuphela ehlobo. Kufika “kubasizi” abangu-9 ngasikhathi sinye 'sokunakekela' “umakoti” ongaba khona. Ngenkambiso, abesilisa benza imisindo ephakeme ethambile, belula izintamo zabo, banikine amakhanda bese bakhothama. Imidanso yemishado ihlukile ngokulwa phakathi kwezimbangi. Owesifazane uya kowesilisa onamandla kakhulu futhi onamandla kunabo bonke, owina izimpi zabanye ababesilwa nabo.

Njengoba sezakhele i-pair, izinyoni ziyahamba ziyofuna indawo yokuhlala khona, engatholakala kude kude nolwandle. Izikhonkwane zivame ukusebenzisa izimbobo ezindala ezihlahleni noma izimbobo zamahhala zezilwane ezahlukahlukene: amabheji, imidlwane, izimpungushe, amakhorali, kepha zingakwazi ukuzimba ngokwazo izindlu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi imibhangqwana ihloma izidleke ezivulekile ezihlanini ezihlahleni.

Insikazi ibeka phansi umgodi phansi nangotshani obomile, bese ibeka amaqanda. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-clutch iqukethe amaqanda ayi-8-12, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inani labo lingafinyelela izingcezu ezi-18. Ukuluka ngezikhathi ezithile esidlekeni, idada limboza amaqanda phansi. Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokugcina ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale amachwane, isikhukhukazi semifene asishiyi endlini. Isikhathi sokuqunjelwa sithatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-30, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi amadraki ahlala eduze esidlekeni, avikela "oshade nawo" kanye nenzalo yesikhathi esizayo kwizinyamazane.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

I-Peganca kulo lonke uhla ingejwayelekile, futhi kwezinye izindawo, izinhlobo zezinyoni eziningi. Ngemuva kokwehla okukhulu ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, amanani ayo aqala ukwanda. Manje le nyoni idinga usizo ngentshiseko yezindawo ezintsha emanzini asenkabeni ye-Asia. Ngokwesimo sokulondolozwa komhlaba wonke, amathole angenye yezinhlobo ezincane ezikhathazayo. Inani eliphelele lomhlaba wonke wamapulangwe cishe ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-600-700.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkukhu

Amadada azalwa “ngefreyimu” yohlobo lwe-fluffy futhi asethuthukile ngokugcwele. Baphuma esidlekeni cishe ngokushesha futhi bagijime kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma indlu yabo isezingeni eliphakeme, amaphuphu agxumela emhlabathini ngokungesabi. Abazali bathatha inzalo yabo bayise ogwini lwaleli golide ukuze bondliwe. Izingane eziningi kufanele zinqobe amabanga amangalisayo ukusuka esidlekeni kuya ogwini.

Ngesikhathi sohambo oluya echibini, idada lihamba phambi kwamachwane, nodrako - ohlangothini noma avale ikholomu, aqaphe umndeni wakhe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ogwini, inzalo yemibhangqwana eminingana ihlangana emihlanjini, yakha uhlobo “lwenkulisa” ,ogada nabazali nobaba, lapho izingxabano zivame ukuqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yesimo sabo sokushisekela imisebenzi yabo njengabavikeli. Kwesinye isikhathi, ophumelelayo uxosha abesilisa abaningi abahluliwe endaweni yokondliwa, banamathisele amachwane abo namachwane abo.

Kuze kube unyaka wenyanga eyodwa nohhafu, izingane zihlala eduzane nendawo yazo yokuhlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabazali bazo, yize idraw iyishiya imisebenzi yayo yobaba ngaphambi kwedada. Kumaviki angama-7-8 ngemuva kokuzalwa, amadada ashiya amakhaya awo aqale ukuba khona kwawo okuzimele.

Isabelo se-Pegans

Isigqi sokuphila kanye “nemenyu” yedada yamapiki kunqunywa yindawo yokuhlala. Le nyoni ibhukuda kahle, ibambe umzimba wayo uphezulu emanzini. Ngokuqondene nokuhudula, lolu hlobo lwedada alwenzi indlela enjalo yokukhipha ukudla.

Ukudla kwamapheya kubandakanya ikakhulukazi ukudla kwasolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokuguguleka okuphezulu, amadada aphumla ogwini noma emanzini, kuthi emuva kokugudla komoya omncane afike kumanzi angajulile, azingele ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zidla ku-algae, Earthworms, caviar kanye nenhlanzi grey, izinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nezinye izilwane.

Ngaphezu kwempilo yasolwandle, ama-Pegans adla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala emhlabeni, kanye namahlumela wemifino kanye nembewu yezitshalo ezithile. Lezi zinyoni azithandi i- "imenyu" yamanzi ahlanzekile, ngakho-ke, azihlali esidlekeni eduze nemithombo emisha.

Isibonelo, ogwini oluseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, ukudla kwezidleke kungamaphesenti angama-90 okwakhiwa iminenke emincane enamazibuko iHydrobia ulvae, eduze nasogwini lwe-Azov neBlack Seas, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izidumbu zase-Asia, la madada adla kuma-crustaceans kanye nezibungu zemiyane yokuhlaselwa umiyane.

Ukushintshwa kweplamu

Inqubo yokuncibilika kumathanga abesilisa iqala ngokushesha ukwedlula kwabesifazane. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abadakwayo bashiya izingane zabo phambilini kunabo “abashade nabo”, ngoba banesikhathi sokushintsha kwenqwaba, lapho bengakwazi ukundiza. Abesilisa bahlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu ngasogwini lwezindikimba zamanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi izinsizwa zime ephikweni, ukuqala kokuncibilika kuqale kwabesifazane, abajoyina umphakathi wesilisa ngokushesha.

Lapho inqubo yokushintsha amaplamu iphela, izinyoni ezindala ziyaqhubeka nokuhlala emaphaketheni ezivuselelwa ukukhula okuncane. Ama-pegans ahola indlela yokuphila yobukoloni kuze kube yilapho esuka.

Inani lokuthengisa lamapheya

Njengoba beyizinyoni ezinhle ngokungafani nalutho, amakhethini bekulokhu kuyinto yokuzingela, yize bekungeyona eyomdlalo wobuningi. Namuhla, ukudoba kwale nyoni kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele, ngoba ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zisondele ekuqothulweni. Izikhonkwane ezivamile ziyakwazi ukuzala zithunjiwe, ngakho-ke sezikhulile njengenyoni yokuhlobisa ukuhlobisa amachibi epaki.

Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kuqoqwa ukuqoqwa kwe-fluff kusuka izidlekeni zamadada, ngoba ngekhwalithi ayiphansi kune-eider phansi. Ngokuphathelene nenani lokudla okunempilo kwezikhwanyana zasendle, ehlobo cishe akunakuphikwa, ngoba linephunga elingathandeki. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikhwalithi yaso iba ngcono, kepha eYurophu isabhekwa njengengakulungele ukudliwa.

Abalimi abazalanisa le nyoni ekudingisweni, uma beyayihlaba ukuthi idle, kusebusika kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi kokulungiselela i-peganka yedada, iyagcotshwa bese ishiyelwa emakhazeni izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze inyama "ivuthwe" nephunga layo elingajabulisi lehle.

Ukwelashwa okushisa kwalolu hlobo lwedada kwenziwa ngezindlela ezisetshenziselwa omunye umdlalo, okungukuthi ngokuthosa, ukubilisa, ukubopha noma ukubhaka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungayipheka kanjani idada le-peganca, wonke umuntu uzinqumela yena, ngokuya ngokuthandwa kwakhe ukunambitheka. Kepha, noma ngabe iyiphi iresiphi ekhethiwe, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inyama yakhe “ayinabungani” nezinongo eziningi, ngaphandle kwepelepele elimnyama nosawoti, ngakho-ke akufanele uyeke izithako ezahlukahlukene.

Incazelo yokuzala

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokubhaliswa kwalolu hlobo:

• isidumbu (kucatshangelwe njengasashabalala),
• ezejwayelekile
• rajah.

Ensimini yeRussian Federation, idada le-pegank elivamile litholakala kakhulu. Ebantwini ibizwa nangokuthi itshe lobumba. Ezimweni eziningi, i-Peganus ididekile namadada ngomlilo, njengoba zinobukhulu obufanayo nokwakheka komzimba.

Lolu hlobo lwenyoni luvama ukwenza imisindo ehlukene. Izazi zesifo sezinsimbi zomzimba zibona ukuthi uchungechunge lwabesifazane lwamapulangwe abesifazane lungafaka amagama angaba ngu-12. Imvamisa, "ziyawela" ngenkathi indiza, kanti uma kuba nengozi, ikhala i-alamu ngokuthi “gaak-gaak”. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa benza ikhwela elithi "Dew Dew."

Ukubukeka

Izici eziphambili zangaphandle zohlobo:

• ubude bomzimba - kusuka ku-57 kuye ku-68 cm,
• isisindo sabantu besifazane - sisuka ku-0.6 kuye ku-1,3 kg, abesilisa - sisuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-1,6 kg,
• amaphiko - kusuka ku-110 kuya ku-130 cm,
• ubude boqhwaku kwabesifazane busuka ku-5.3 kuye ku-5.7 cm, emadodeni - ukusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-5.8 cm.

Izimbambo kanye nentamo yalokhu kuzalaniswa kuyadlula. Umzimba unobukhulu obukhulu kanye nesakhiwo esilinganisiwe. Umsila uphakathi ngosayizi.

Umbala

Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamadada kulula ukuwahlukanisa kwamanye ama-waterfowl. Ziyahlukahluka kuzici ezinemibala:

1. Ikhanda elimnyama ngokuchichima okuluhlaza okotshani.
2. Intamo emnyama inesisekelo esimhlophe ne- goiter.
3. Izinhlangothi futhi cishe wonke emuva umhlophe.
4. Ngokudlula ezinhlangothini, i-peritoneum namahlombe, kufinyelela nebhendi elibomvu le-motley, lapho esifundeni sesisu kukhona amabhloka amnyama amnyama.
5. Izimpaphe zinombala omnyama.
6. I-undertery ine amaplamu obomvu o-orange.
7. Uqhwaku nemilenze kuhlukaniswa i-hue ebomvu ecebile.
8. I-iso iris - nsundu ngokubomvu.

Ngokungafani nabesilisa, abesifazane bane:

• iplamu esishonile
• "i-eyeliner" emhlophe qhwa ngasezisekelweni zamehlo,
• izimpaphe ezengeziwe ezimhlophe qhwa esifubeni nasekhanda,
• umucu omnyama onsundu onamabala amhlophe emzimbeni ophansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintokazi zishoda ngokhokho obunjenge-cone obunjengomlomo. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamachibi amadada kabili ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa ehlobo, izinyoni ziyaguquka zibe amaphunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala.

Ukubonakala kwodoti ngalesi sikhathi kuya ngokuya kukhange. Izimpaphe zazo ezimnyama ezicwebezelayo entanyeni nasekhanda ziba nsundu, bese kuvela onqenqemeni onsundu ebhande le-motley orange. Ukukhula okusha kunombala we-plumage ofanayo nowesifazane. Ungabahlukanisa ngomlomo osesinekeni futhi kungabikho kwesibuko esiluhlaza okwezimpiko.

Habitat

Izikhonkwane zivamile ezifundeni eziningi. Inani elilinganiselwe lwalezi zinhlobo lisuka kubantu abadala abayizinkulungwane ezingama-580 kuya kwezi-710. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zalezi zinyoni e-Eurasia. E-Russia, inani lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni lifinyelela izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ezifundeni zaseRussia, zivame ukudala isidleke:

• emanzini olwandle i-Azov neCaspian,
• izitebhisi zehlathi nezinyathelo zezinyathelo zaseCrimea,
• eTransbaikalia,
• eCaucasus
• ezigodini naseziqhingini zamaBarents and White Seas,
• esifundeni sase-Orenburg,
• esifundeni seVolga
• eSiberia.

Amadada amaningi ahola indlela ethile yokufuduka noma yokufuduka. Ebusika, abantu abahlala e-Iran, eTurkmenistan nakwamanye amazwe aseningizimu abandi endizeni. Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziya e-India, Burma, China nakwezinye izifundazwe.

Indawo yokuhlala kwezikhonkwane kunqunywa uthando lwazo lwamanzi angenamkhawulo nosawoti. Izinyoni zivame ukuhlala ogwini lolwandle, eduze nemifula namachibi anamanzi anosawoti. Ukuze zidleke, zidinga amagquma, izindawo ezivulekile noma ezinamadwala, lapho kunamatshe khona amaningi.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwamapheya kunqunywa yindawo yazo yokuhlala. Kususelwa kwimikhiqizo yezilwane. Lezi zinyoni azivamile ukudla imifino kanye nembewu.

Imenyu eyisibonelo yamadada wamakhonkwane:

• gazinga inhlanzi namaqanda,
• iminenke, crayfish,
• izinambuzane
• amanzi olwandle,
• imbewu nezingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo.

Emaphethelweni olwandle, izinyoni zidla ezindaweni eziphansi, zihlunga ukudla okubukhoma ngomlomo wazo. Njengoba besendaweni yokugcina amanzi, baqoqa ukudla ngqo kusuka ebusweni. Ukukhula okuncane kuphela okungangena emanzini. Kubantu abadala, leli khono alikho.

Imidlalo ye-Courtship

Ukudansa kokudonswa ngamandla ngenxa yokuncipha kwalolu hlobo lokuzala kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli). Kulokhu, izinyoni zibhukuda zibheke komunye nomunye, ziphonsa amanzi ngezindebe zazo bese zigobeka phansi ngobumnene. Ngemuva kokugoba, owesilisa uqala ukukhombisa amaplamu kowesifazane. Ubhukuda eduze nenyoni, udlale ngentamo yakhe, ugobe umsila wakhe bese ukhala. Lapho udrako ephonsela imbangi yakhe i-duel, njengoba isemanzini, gxuma ngokushesha, iphakamise umuthi wokuzungeza. Umphikisi unamathela iqhinga lokuziphatha elifanayo.

Ngesikhathi sempi yedrakes imithetho ekhethekile iyasebenza:

• izinyoni ziyageleza ngemilomo yazo,
• emi eduze komunye nomunye, akhombisa izibuko zamaphiko, azivale,
• ukusontelana kube yibhola,
• aphakamise inqwaba yamakhanda.

Ngenxa yalokhu kulwa, izinyoni zenza umnsalo ohlanganyelanayo, ziphakamisa amakhanda bese ziwucwilisa emanzini. Izinto zingalwa kuphela lapho uhlukanisa insimu yokudla isidleke.

Idivaysi ye-Nest

Izidleke ze-Pegasus zitholakala emiseleni yemarmot, amabibi, izimpungushe nezinye izakhamuzi zasehlathini. Emgodini omkhulu onenqwaba yezindawo eziningi, izinyoni eziningana zingaphila ngasikhathi sinye. Uma amadada engakwazanga ukuthola imbobo, khona-ke ayohlala lapho kuhlala khona imifantu emadwaleni, emigodini yezihlahla, emihosheni, ezindaweni zokugcina utshani nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile. Imvamisa, le nhlobo ngokwayo izimbela izimbobo zayo enhlabathini evulekile noma enesihlabathi. Kulokhu, isidleke sifakwa nge-moss, amagatsha, i-fluff notshani obomile.

Ukuphuza nokukhonkotha

Ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-clutch balawa madada ngamaqanda ayi-8-16. Izinsikazi ezazingenaso isikhathi noma ezingakwazanga ukwakha isidleke ziphonsa amaqanda azo kwabanye abantu. I-egghell inokhilimu noma ukhilimu. Insikazi ifihla amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingama-28-32. Sonke lesi sikhathi, idrake ihlinzeka ngokuvikela insimu.

Imikhaza izalwa bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2 baye emanzini nabazali babo. Kulokhu, amaphuphu avela kuma-broods ahlukene angahlanganiswa. Bazali futhi bahlangana, bahlinzeke izingane zabo isivikelo esithembekile kumakhwekhwe, kuma-otter, kumawisi nakwezinye izinyamazane eziyingozi. Kakade ezinsukwini zokuqala, amadada aqala ukubhukuda futhi aqhubeke nokusebenza. Ezinyangeni ezi-2 bakulungele ukuzimela.

Ukususwa kwezinja

Izilwane ezincane zalolu hlobo azesabi abantu, ngakho-ke amadada angadanjiswa kalula. Izikhonkwane zivame ukutholakala kuma-zoo nasemapulazini. Kulula ukuzigcina ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele unikeze:

• isiphuzo esisha
• beklaba endaweni enezimila eziphansi,
• Ukudla okunempilo kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusanhlamvu, isinkwa nokudla okukhethekile, imifino, izithelo nemfucuza yemifino,
• ichibi elincane lokufakelwa noma lemvelo,
• indawo ebanzi yokudla,
• igumbi nohlelo lokushisa olufudumele ebusika.

Ekuthunjweni, amadada azala ngokushesha. Izinkinga zingaba kuphela ekuziphatheni okunolaka kokushayela ngemuva kwenzalo.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

E-Australia naseNew Guinea, amakhegasi abhalwe ku-Red Book. Ngokokuqala ngqa lokhu kuzalaniswa kwedada kwachazwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngonyaka ka-1758. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila kwamathanga yiminyaka eyi-15.

Izinyoni, sezakhe i-pair, zingakwazi ukukhipha impungushe emgodini wayo. Izici zokufudumeza ezifudumele ze-fluff of pegans ezejwayelekile ziqhathaniswa ne-eider phansi. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwenyoni akuvamile ukudliwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokunambitheka nephunga elithile lenyama yalo.

I-peganka eyi-Tufted yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengohlobo lokuqothulwa, nokho, kulelikhulu leminyaka elidlule, kunemibiko yokuthi laba bantu bavele endaweni yePrimorsky Territory. Ngesikhathi se-molt ehlobo, la madada awakwazi ukundiza. Ngakho-ke, ahlanganiswe emhlambini omkhulu ukuhlinzeka ukuzivikela.

Lalela izwi lamapheya

Ngokuhlala kwabo ngokunethezekile Ama-Pegans akhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Bathanda ugu lwamachweba, amachibi nemifula egeleza esigxotsheni. Bahlala ngamaqembu, kodwa amancane - ngabantu abangu-6 kuye kwabangu-8 kuphela. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni wamadada, Izikhonkwane azinayo i-clumsy gait futhi zihamba phansi ngokuzethemba futhi ngokushesha. Uma lezi zinyoni zisengozini, zingakwazi ukundiza kalula phezulu. Enye into ejwayelekile ngamapiki, noma kunalokho ngamachwane awo, yikhono lokuntywila. Njengoba zikhula, lezi zinyoni zilahlekelwa yileli khono.

Imidlalo ye-Courtship.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwamapheya yizilwane zasemanzini: ama-mollus amancane, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhonkwane angabamba izinambuzane zasemhlabeni, njengesikhonyane. Ukudla kwezitshalo kuhlukahluka ekudleni kwabo kuyaqabukela.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala kulawa madada asendle ekuqaleni, ezinyangeni zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Ama-penguin abonakala ngemidlalo ekhanyayo ekhanyayo. Abesilisa bayacasuka futhi banolaka. Futhi yonke le "nkundla yeshashalazi" ihlelwe kuphela ukuheha insikazi. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka bujule ebudlelwaneni, ungaqonda ukuthi yonke le mpi ayilusizo lwalutho ngokuphelele, ngoba amapiks ahlala ekhetha abalingani abafanayo noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke kuyaqhubeka empilweni yabo yonke.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezikhonkwane, umlomo kanye nemilenze, ezidwetshwe emthunzini opinki ophuzi.

Imvamisa, la madada angahlomisa izidleke zawo kwizimbobo ezishiywe izimpungushe namabheji. Imvamisa, nge-clutch of pegans kusuka emaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-9. Banogobolondo omhlophe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho owesilisa eshona, unakekela umama wesikhathi esizayo kanye nenzalo yakhe. Le nqubo ihlala inyanga. Ama-hatch hatching aqhamuka emaqanda akhula ngokushesha, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili esekulungele impilo yokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthomba kwenzeka ekuqaleni konyaka wesibili wokuphila.

Izitha zemvelo zezikhonkwane ama-minks, amakati asendle, izimpungushe, izimpungushe, amankonyane, izinkonkane, ama-otter kanye namakati.

Yize zizingelwa zombili ngabahlaseli nangabantu, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni aluthathwa njengoluncane ngesibalo futhi alusongelwanga ukuqothulwa noma ukuqothulwa.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuzalela

Lawa madada asendle manje abhalwe ku-Red Book, njengoba amanani awo ancipha kakhulu. Kepha njengamanje, inani elikhulu lalezi zinyoni lisendaweni yezilwane emhlabeni, libuye ligcinwe emapaki amadolobha, lapho lizizwa linethezekile emachibini okufakelwa, liheha inani elikhulu lezivakashi ngokubuka kwazo okuhle nendlela yokuziphatha.

Okubhaliwe! I-Peganka ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-Atay duck noma i-Atayka duck, ngisho ne-Altayka.

Ngokubukeka nangemikhuba, azikwazi ukuqokwa njengo-100% njengomndeni wamadada, futhi izazi zebhayoloji zibabheka njengezilwane eziphakathi nendawo phakathi kwamahansi namadada ngokwazo. Amadada Atayki ngaphandle kwezici ze-duck ezihlanzekile anezimfanelo ezikhona ku-goose and swans. Njengama-goose, ama-Pegans aziphatha emhlabathini futhi esibhakabhakeni akhuthele, ahlakaniphe ngokuhlala emhlabathini, futhi ahambe emoyeni ngaphandle kokujaha, kancane eshaya amaphiko aqinile. Futhi ngamaswidi ahlanganiswe yi-monogamy - amadraki namadada abhangqwe impilo yonke.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadada i-Altayek:

• URajah Pegans
• izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile,
• ukuqothuka kwezikhonkwane.

Ensimini yezwe lethu kukhona kuphela izingulube ezijwayelekile.

Izici ezijwayelekile

Ukuvela kwamadada wamapiki kuhlukile kuningi lezihlobo zawo. IDrake inesisindo esingu-1600 amagremu, isisindo samadada singama-300 amagremu angaphansi. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni endala ngamasentimitha angama-60-67. Unobuhlalu obubanzi obucwebezelwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Engxenyeni ephezulu kukhona uhlobo lokukhula.

Idada lifaka iplamu ehlukile egqamile. Izimpaphe ekhanda zipendwe zimnyama ngokufafaza okusansimbi okusansimbi. Kukhona izimpaphe ezimhlophe qhwa iqhwa ngemuva nasemaceleni. Endaweni engaphansi kwentamo ngokushintshwa kuya esiswini kukhona indandatho yezimpaphe ezibomvu.

Izinsikazi zihluka ngokushayelwa emapulini afiphele. Futhi azinakho ukukhula engxenyeni engenhla yoqhwaku, kukhona izimbotshana ezidwetshwe zibe mhlophe ngokuzungeze amehlo, kanye namabhlunga ansundu engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-inaik yiminyaka eyi-15

Izinhlobonhlobo nomndeni oseduze

Izinhlobo ezintathu zamakhonkwane ziyahlukaniswa. Le yi-atika ejwayelekile, eye-Peganja-raja kanye nezikhonkwane eziqanjiwe.

Ngeshwa, izikhonkwane eziqanjiwe azisatholakali emhlabeni wethu, ngoba sezinyamalele ngokuphelele. I-Peganka Raja iyinhlobo engandile. Kutholakala ezifundeni ezimbili kuphela: eNew Guinea nase-Australia. Ezwenikazi lase-Australia, ukuthunyelwa kwalawa madada kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ngumthetho.

Umzala uthathwa njengesihlobo sezikhonkwane. Lesi isicubu samanzi somndeni wamadada. Amapayipi ayo anombala we-orange okhanyayo. Okuhlukile yisifunda sekhanda kanye naphakathi kwamaphiko, apendwe mhlophe. I-Red Duck Ogary ingukubhukuda okukhulu. Kepha ekubalekeni, le nyoni ibhekana nobunzima ngenxa yomzimba omkhulu osindayo. Imininingwane esihlokweni esithi "Mayelana nedada lomlilo".

Izindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni

Idada le-Pego litholakala ku-Old World, amazwe ase-Baltic, esiQengeni seScandinavia, kanye nase-Asia. Izinyoni nazo zakha eRussia: esifundeni sase-Azov, esifundeni iBlack Sea, esifundeni iVolga, neBashkortostan.

Amadada we-Pego abonakala ngokuhlala kwendawo eseduze lapho kukhona khona usawoti wamanzi. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi: izikebhe, ulwandle, umfula udoti, usawoti kanye namachibi amasha.

Izinyoni ziyafuna maqondana nomhlaba. Zintofontofo ezindaweni ezivulekile, emagqumeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala, lapho kukhona khona imigodi nemifantu. Inketho efanelekile ukuba khona kwesichibi esiseduze namathangi aminyene aqukethe izimbali zasogwini.

Isikhathi sokuzalela ezinyoni

Izikhathi zokuvuthwa kubo bobabili ubulili azihlangani. Idada lilungele ukudala inzalo esevele inunyaka wayo wesibili, lo doti uneminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu kuphela ubudala.

Amadada e-Atayka ayizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Ukudonswa kwemidlalo yokuhlangana kugqame kakhulu futhi kuyamangaza. Ukucela umlingani ongaba naye, awasebenzisi kuphela ukubukeka kwabo okumangazayo, ukunyakaza komzimba okusebenzayo, kodwa nezwi labo. Edonsa intamo yakhe phezulu, isoka lenza imisindo engathi ikhwela. Imvamisa, ukuncintisana ukuthola indawo yedada noma ukuvikela indawo yayo, abashayeli bahlela ukulwa.

Isithombo

Njengendawo yokuhlala kwamachwane asasa, kuvela izihlahla eziyize noma imigodi ephakathi kwamatshe. Imvamisa, amapiki athatha umgodi endaweni ehlala ehlathini. Kulokhu, uthole igama lesidlaliso "inyoni yobumba."

I-clutch eyodwa yamapheya iqukethe amaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sihlala inyanga. Kwesinye isikhathi idada libamba imichilo eminingi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubengekho isikhashana, kepha lapho kufika ingozi ubhekabheke lapho kulele khona amaqanda akhe.

Amachwane asanda kuzalwa azalwa ezimele ngokuphelele futhi azijwayela masinyane empilweni eduze nedamu.

Ngasikhathi sinye, izingane zihlala kubazali bazo izinsuku ezingama-45, ezibavikela kwizisulu, ifunde ukubhukuda futhi ithole ukudla.

Ukudla kwezinkukhu

Isisekelo semenyu yamathanga ngukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Ngokuqondene:

• ama-clams amancane
• izibungu zezinambuzane
• osayizi abaphakathi kwama-crustaceans.

Ukucaciswa nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwezikhonkwane kuya ngezimo zezulu zenyoni nokuthi kungokwasifunda siphi. Isibonelo, amakhonkwane, izwe lawo elingamazwe asenyakatho, adla iminenke. Ngokuqondene nezinyoni zaseningizimu, ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko ama-crustaceans, kanye nezibungu zomiyane. Inketho yomhlaba wonke yawo wonke ama-pegans yi-caviar yezinhlanzi kanye nefry.

Izikhwanyana zidla imbewu yezitshalo ezikhula echibini. Kepha ukudla kwezitshalo zasemanzini akuvame ukuba khona kwimenyu yedada leli. Ngokungafani nezinye izingcingo zamanzi, i-atika ayazi ukuthi izongena kanjani emanzini.

Ukufuduka okubandayo kwezinyoni

Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, amagebhu aphila impilo yokuhlala, yokufuduka noma ngokwengxenye. Abaseningizimu akudingeki bashiye izwe lakubo, ngoba ezindaweni ezifudumele kunemithombo yokudla eyanele unyaka wonke. Kepha abanye, futhi bakha iningi, ebusika bathuthela e-Afrika, e-India, eBurma, eFrance, ePortugal nakwamanye amazwe ashisayo.

Izikhonkwane ezifudukayo zindiza kathathu phakathi nonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala lokhu senzelwa ukuncibilikisa. Izinyoni zakha imihlambi lapho zizizwa zivikelekile, ngoba ngaphandle kwezimpaphe ziyimali elula yabazingeli. Ngemuva kokuba izimpaphe zivuselelwe, amakhethini abuyela ezindaweni zawo ezidlekayo. Ngokuqondene nokufuduka kwesizini, kwenzeka ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba. Ukubuya kwehlela ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zentwasahlobo.

UPeganka ekhaya

Ubumfihlo balolu hlobo lwamadada ukuthi amakhethini ahlala ethintana ngokuzithandela futhi asheshe asejwayele ezandleni zabantu.

Ukunikeza izinyoni indawo entofontofo, landela imithetho embalwa.

Setha indawo edonsayo futhi unikeze i-aviary ngechibi elincanyana.

Gcina ukuphakelwa kwamanzi nenyoni okusha futhi kuhlanze indlu ekungcolisweni ngesikhathi.

Hlomisa ukubiyelwa kwezikhonkwane ngohlelo lokungena komoya kanye lokushisa.

Bala kahle indawo yezinyoni. Ingxenye ye-1 m² umuntu ngamunye ehlobo neyintathu ebusika.

Izikhonkwane zizalela ekudingisweni. Kubalulekile ukuthutha ukukhula okuncane kusuka ekushayweni okudala, ukuze kungadluli amadada.

Amaqiniso ajabulisayo ngoPeganus

Ukuchazwa kokuqala okuphelele kwezikhonkwane kwenziwa nguC. Lynn, usosayensi wemvelo waseSweden, emuva ngo-1758.

Umoya weqembu alihambi ezinyoni uma ipakethe lisengozini, ngokwesibonelo, impungushe isondela. Ndawonye, ​​abantu abaningana bayakwazi ukuxosha umhlaseli, bangavumeli ukuhlaselwa kwakhe.

Njengamanje, inguqulo yokuthi izidleke zokhonkolo ezanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba iyaphikiswa. Kunemibiko yokuthi le nyoni yabonwa endaweni yasePrimorye.

IPeganka ayibathandi abalimi abasebenza ngokufuya. Inyama yayo ayikufanele ukudla, inesakhiwo esiqinile kanye ne-aftertaste ethile engathandeki.

Izici zokufudumeza ezishisayo zezimpaphe eziphansi duck aziphansi ngokwezinkomba ezifanayo zokuthi ziqonde phambili.

Uma le ndatshana ibilusizo kuwe, kufana nokuthi, thumela amazwana bese wabelana nabangane ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi.

Buka futhi ndoda

I-Peganka yayihlala ibhekwa njengendondo yokuzingela ebalulekile, futhi yabalwa phakathi kwalokho okuthiwa "amadada abomvu". Manje ukuzingela kuvunyelwe, kepha akuqhutshwa ngenkani noma kuphi. Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, kuqoqwa izimpaphe zezikhonkwane, ezihlala ezidlekeni ngemuva kokushiya izingane. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngekhwalithi cishe ayiphansi kune-eider.

Izikhonkwane zijwayela kalula ubukhona babantu, futhi zivame ukugcinwa ukuhlobisa amachibi asedolobheni.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Izikhonkwane zihlala emanzini anosawoti nakancane anosawoti: ezifundeni nasezigodini zolwandle. Ngaphakathi, bahlala ngasogwini lwamachibi, okuvame kakhulu ukubakaki, okuvame ukuba kusha. Ensimini ye-Eurasia, kunezindawo ezimbili ezihlukaniswe ngezimo zokuphila ezahlukahlukene. Izidleke zokuqala ezisogwini lolwandle lwaseYurophu, kanti okwesibili kumachibi amakhulu anamanzi anosawoti ezindaweni ezisomile zeCentral Asia. E-Russia, kwasatshalaliswa eziqhingini zoLwandle Olumhlophe naseningizimu yezwe ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasemahlathini.

Ukubukeka

UPeganka uyidada elikhudlwana, elinombala we-motley, ipiebald, alitholela igama lakhe lesiRussia. Ukuphakama kwawo kungama-58-67 cm, amaphiko yi-110-133 cm, ubunzima besilisa yi-0.8-11.5 kg, kuthi kwabesifazane kube ngu-0.5-1,3 kg. Isizinda esijwayelekile seplamu simhlophe, ikhanda limnyama nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani, kusuka esifubeni kuya emahlombe futhi phakathi nesisu, kukhona ibhendi, izimpaphe eziyinhloko nezesekondari zimnyama. Kukhona isibuko esiluhlaza ephikweni. Uqhwaku, imilenze ipinki, uthingo lumnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa kuphela ukuthi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banokukhula okukhulu okubomvu emqhonyeni, ikakhulukazi oshiwo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kwabesifazane, uqhwaku luboshwe ngumugqa omhlophe obanzi, futhi eduze kwamehlo kukhona indandatho yezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nezabesifazane, kepha ziba buthaka futhi azinaso isibuko ephikweni.

Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi

Izilwane ezihlala kuzo zingalungiswa, zifuduke, noma zifuduke, kuye ngendawo yazo. Ubusika obufudukayo busebusika ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweEurasia, eMedithera, eningizimu yeCaspian, enyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama. Abantu baseYurophu bahlala.

Ama-pegans abonakala ngezindiza eziningi eziya ku-molt yokuzalanisa ngemuva. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezidleke, bathuthela ezindlini ezinkulu zokugcina, lapho kubuthana khona izinkulungwane zemihlambi. Kule nkathi, okuthatha cishe inyanga, uPegasus ulahlekelwe ngokuphelele amandla abo endiza. Kukhona izindawo ezimbalwa ezaziwayo lapho ama-liner pegans ahlangana khona. Okunye okuphawuleka kakhulu isiqhingi esingenamuntu saseKnechtsende eWeser nase-Elba deltas, lapho kuthana khona abantu abangaba ngu-100,000 abavela enyakatho naseYurophu. Enye indawo edumile iseNgilandi ogwini, lapho kutholakala khona amaphoyinti angama-3000 kuya ku-4000 ngasikhathi sinye. Ekupheleni kwe-molt, ingxenye yezinyoni ibuyela ezingxenyeni ezidlekayo, kanti enye ingxenye evela ezifundeni ezibandayo ibhekisa kumasayithi obusika.

Ama-pegans achitha isikhathi esiningi ogwini, futhi emhlabathini ahamba kalula futhi ngokushesha (ngokungafani namadada amaningi), angakwazi ukugijima, ngenkathi egcina imizimba yawo iqonde.

Indiza iqondile, ihamba kancane kunamanye amadada, ngokushaywa ngamaphiko okungavamile. Lapho indiza, umhlambi wezikhonkwane ubanjwa ngegabha noma ngaphambili.

Babhukuda kahle, kepha empeleni abathuli, ngaphandle kwamachwane noma izinyoni ezilimele, bahlala phezulu emanzini.

Ukushintshana kwezikhathi zomsebenzi kanye nokuphumula phakathi nesikhathi sosuku kuya ngokuningana ezinqolobaneni abahlala kuzo. Izinyoni ezihlala eduze nogu lolwandle ziyaphumula lapho kuguguleka umhlaba noma emanzini, futhi phakathi namagagasi aphansi zidla izilwane ezahlukahlukene ezisele emanzini angajulile.

Vocalization

I-Peganka iyinyoni “ekhuluma”, kanti imisindo yokushisisa ihluke kakhulu kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ngentwasahlobo, idrowa likhipha ikhwela eliphakeme, imvamisa endizayo ekuphishekeleni insikazi. Okunye ukukhala kwesimilo komuntu wesilisa kuyisithulu, kabili-kabili, siphindwa kaninginingi. Insikazi inomhlana ophansi obuthuntu, oshicilelwe kaningi, kufaka phakathi umoya. Kulokhu, insikazi ingasho amagama afinyelela ku-12 () ngomzuzwana, okudala umphumela wethilogremu. Owesifazane okhathazekile umkhalela kakhulu nangokuphindelela.

Impilo eMoses Zoo

E-zoo yethu manje kuhlala iqembu lamapheya angama-30, iningi lawo ezindizayo. Lezi zinyoni azinqunywa ucezu lephiko, njengoba kwakwenziwe ngaphambili, futhi lindiza ngokukhululeka. Azungeza wonke amachibi e-zoo, kepha awenzi mizamo yokuwushiya ayozinza edolobheni, njengoba kwenza izihlobo zawo eziseduze kakhulu - ama-ogaras. Izilinganiso zobulili ezikuleli qembu cishe zingu-1: 1. Ama-pegans ahlala esidlekeni ezindlini ezifakwe emachibini, futhi azame ukungena ezindlini ezingomakhelwane. Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zithatha amaqanda afakwe kumgxobhozo, ngoba e-zoo, abazali abakwazi ukuvikela izingane zabo ngokuphumelelayo. Ngonyaka ka-2015, kwandiswa izingane ezincane ezi-15. Zonke izilwane ezincane manje zishiya i-zoo, ngoba zifuna ukwakha inani lezindiza ezigcwele. Ama-pegans achitha ubusika emachibini afanayo, ngaphandle kokufuduka kwesizini.Zondla ndawonye nawo onke amadada echibini, futhi ifolishi elixubile, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, imifino, inhlanzi, kufakwa kuphela amagremu angama-800 enyoni ngayinye ekudleni kwazo.

Izici nezincazelo zohlobo

Lawa madada ahlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngombala okhanyayo ongathandeki: ithoni eyinhloko yomzimba - umehluko omhlophe ohlanzekile nombala onsomi omnyama, obunjwe luhlaza. Umbala ofanayo entanyeni, emaphethelweni amaphiko, engxenyeni ephakathi yesisu nasemhlane. Esifubeni, amahlombe ehlombe nengxenye yangemuva kuyibhandeji "lesifuba" eline-tint ebomvu. Ingubo yangaphansi ginger, amalunga aphuzi, kanti uqhwaku lubomvu okhanyayo.

AmaDrake angahlukaniswa kalula "yizibuko" eziluhlaza okotshani kumaphiko anamandla, nangokuphuma obomvu okukhona uqhwaku. Amadada anezinhlaka zezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezizungeze amehlo. Amapheya ezinsikazi aqhakazile, futhi kwabesifazane - ayathambile.

Okubhaliwe! Lezi amadada molt kabili ngonyaka, futhi emva ushintsho egcwele ehlobo, lezi zinyoni ngokushesha zishintsha izimpaphe ngesikhathi sangaphambi kokudla.

I-duckling ihlukaniswa uqhwaku olungenwebu futhi ukungabikho kwezibuko eziluhlaza emaphikweni alo.

Umzimba okhule ngokulingana umqhele wentambo ende ende enekhanda eliphakathi nendawo. Imilenze mide, iqinile, ngezinyawo ezinamanzi. Umsila uphakathi nendawo. Izimpiko zinde futhi zinamandla, endaweni ethule zicindezelwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni, amathiphu azo afinyelela ekuqaleni komsila, futhi ubude bawo besikhala bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,1. ubude bomzimba: kuma-drakes - cishe ama-66 cm, kwabesifazane - kufika ku-59 cm Isisindo samadada asisikhulu kakhulu: amadrako anesisindo esingu-0.9-1,5 kg, kanti amadada amancane anesisindo esingaba ngu-1,3 kg.

Lawa madada ahlukaniswa yi- “speakativeness”, izinsikazi zenza imisindo yempumulo equkethe igama elithi “ha”, futhi uma kwenzeka kuvela ingozi ezwakalayo ukuthi “gaak-ghak” kuzwakala kahle.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-pegans azama ukwakha izidleke zawo eduze kwananoma yimaphi amadamu. Kepha zingakwazi nokuziqhela kude kakhulu namanzi - zize zifike kumakhilomitha amathathu, zisebenzisa imisele ebunjiwe ngamabibi, onogwaja noma izimpungushe njengezindawo zokukhosela.

Amadada ziyizikhukhukazi ezinhle, zinomqondo wemvelo womama okhule kahle, lapho zibekwa zingaba namaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-15, kodwa inani lazo eliqondile lincike ezimfanelweni zesitho sowesifazane. Kwenzeka ukuthi umbhangqwana awunaso isikhathi sokwakha isidleke ngaphambi kokuqala kokwenza ubumbano, futhi kulokhu, uPeganka, njenge-cockoo, ubeka amaqanda ezidlekeni kwezinye izithandani "zomndeni".

Inyama yalezi zinyoni ayithambile kakhulu, ine-flavour ethile "yedada". Ehlobo, amadada akufanele ahlatshwe - ngalesi sikhathi inyama iba lukhuni kakhulu, kepha ebusika izinyoni "zithola" amafutha, kulapho zihlatshwa khona. Kepha izidumbu zabafuyi bezinkukhu zincoma ukuzigcina zibanda emakhayeni izinsuku eziningana ukuze “zigcizelele” bese ziphuthelwa iphunga nokunambitheka kwazo okungathandeki.

Kubalulekile! Abesilisa balolu hlobo lokuzalela bakulungele ukuncela eneminyaka yobudala emi-4, nabesifazane - ngeminyaka emi-2.

Izici zezinyoni

I-Peganka yidada elikhulu. Ungaphansi kweMallard. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-67, isisindo sedraw yi-1.6 kg. Ama-pegans anesikhala esikhulu samaphiko, amasentimitha angama-133. Abantu ngabanye banesifuba esinamandla nemisipha eqinile ezindizayo. Zinentamo ende nekhanda elincane. Kude, izinyoni zibukeka njengamahansi. Ibanikeza umbala ogqamile we-plumage. Ama-Drains ngesikhathi sokuzala abukeka kahle:

• umbala oyinhloko womzimba ngamajuba ahlanganisiwe. Kungakho igama lenyoni,
• Izimpaphe zimnyama ekhanda, ziboshwe ngombala oluhlaza,
• esifubeni nasentanyeni imucu okhanyayo onsundu,
• amabala amnyama abanzi emhlane nesisu,
• isibuko sakhiwa izimpaphe eziluhlaza okotshani,
• izimpaphe zomsila emsileni omhlophe onesiqu esimnyama,
• isici esiyingqayizivele sedrayi ngumlomo obanzi, oqinile, onamandla ngokuqina ngaphansi. Uqhwaku lubomvu okhanyayo. Kwabesifazane, uqhwaku ngisho, ngaphandle kokukhula, lunombala ophuzi obomvu,
• amehlo amnyama amnyama. Kwabesifazane, amehlo anezindilinga ezimhlophe,
• isibuko esisemaphikweni ezinsikazi asikhiphi. Izimpaphe zimhlophe,
• amadada abonakala emhlophe, enamabala amnyama emzimbeni, ekhanda nasemaphikweni. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, baba njengabesifazane. UDrakes uthola umbala ogqamile eduze kweminyaka emi-5, ngemuva kuka-9-10 molt. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukuthomba. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokushesha. Eminyakeni engu-2 ubudala, bakulungele ukwenza umashi,
• Izikhonkwane azivame ukuntywila. Njengoba zinamanzi angajulile, zithinta intamo yazo ukukha isitshalo noma ukubamba ifry. Izinyoni ezilimele nezilwane ezincane ziyakwazi ukutshuza,
• amadada abanjwa phezulu emanzini, aqonde izintamo zawo.

Izwi lezikhonkwane liyathakazelisa. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ukushayelwa ikhwela. Isikhathi sonke abanye bayakhala, bakhiqiza amahlaya, imisindo emifushane, efana nokukhala kwamahansi. Izwi lowesifazane lihlukaniswa isikhathi saso. Bangakwazi ukukhala isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ngenkathi indiza, naphezu kwamanzi, futhi bebiza inzalo.

I-pegan idla ukudla kwezilwane. Ama-Shellfish, ama-crustaceans, gazinga, nezibungu zezinambuzane kuyadliwa. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa nangaphambi kwenkathi yokuzalela, amadada afaka ekudleni ngamavithamini, adle i-algae. Azenzi izindiza eziya emasimini anezitshalo zikakolweni.

Ehlala ogwini lolwandle, amadada aya ngasosebeni ngemuva kwesivunguvungu ukuze athole ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks. Baphenduka izinqwaba ezinkulu ze-algae ngemilomo yabo futhi bahlunga inhlabathi yabo enamanzi asogwini ngemilomo yabo. Amazinyo okumpompa amanzi, atholakala ezungeze uqhwaku, kwizinyoni athuthukile kahle.

I-peganka inyoni yokudoba. Ukuyizingela kuvunyelwe kuwo wonke amazwe. Izitha zedada yizimpungushe, amakati asendle, izikebhe namabibi. Izinyoni eziningi zibulawa yizinyoni ezidla inyama ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Amadada andiza kakhulu, kancane, ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu. I-Ornithologists iqaphela ukuthi ama-30% amadada aphilela ukuguga. Isikhathi sokuphila kwamathanga singadlula iminyaka engama-24.

Amadada azala kanjani?

Ama-pegans a-monogamous, kepha akha ngazimbili hhayi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, kepha ekufudukeni. Abesilisa bakhetha izinsikazi ngaphambi nje kokuba indiza iye kwisiza esidlekayo. Lezo zinyoni ezingazange zikwazi ukuthola abangane bazo ebusika zakha imindeni lapho zifika endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngoMashi.

Izimpi zibanjwa ukuze kuthathwe ukudonswa kwabesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi ziphela ngamanxeba ajulile. Abesilisa nabo balwela insimu yabo, lapho abazokwakha izidleke noma bathole khona ukudla kwabo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amadada ayazixakaxaka, futhi adala imindeni impilo yonke, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, idrowa ikhombisa umdanso wayo wokuqhathanisa unyaka nonyaka kumlingani wakhe, ukuheha ukunaka kwakhe.

Ukuhlangana ngokuvamile kwenzeka ogwini. Kwesinye isikhathi amadada ahambela kude echibini ukuze athole indawo efanelekile yesidleke. Izinsikazi zifuna ubuthi obukhulu bamabibi, izihlahla eziyize. Imvamisa, imisele ebishiywe hares, amabhulukwe, izimpungushe asetshenziswa njengezidleke. Insikazi izama ukwenza isidleke kude neso lomuntu. Itholakala endaweni eyi-4 m ukusuka ekungeneni kuya emgodini. Idada lenza ukuqunjelwa okuhlanganisa izimpaphe, phansi namahlamvu.

Izici Zokuzalela

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lezi zinyoni zindiza kahle, zigijime ngokushesha, uma kukhona ichibi eduze, iningi lazo lingaqhutshwa emanzini. Imvamisa bahlala emiseleni, ebizwa ngayo ngokuthi "amadada obumba".

Amadada we-Pegans angaholela empilweni ehleliwe, abe yizinyoni ezifudukayo noma ngokwengxenye - konke kuya ngezimo zokuhlala ezifundeni zasendaweni yazo. Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala yenziwa yilezi zinyoni, "ezihlala" eNgilandi, olwandle iMedithera nase-Iran. Amanye ama-Pegans kufanele andize emazweni afudumele ebusika:

• enyakatho ye-Afrika
• eya e-Iran
• Eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia,
• ePortugal
• EFrance.

Amadada afudukayo aguqula indawo ahlala kuyo kathathu ngonyaka. Ngokokuqala ngqa, indiza iya lapho izoshintsha khona amapayipi ayo. Le nqubo yinde impela - kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30, ngaleso sikhathi izinyoni zilahlekelwa ngokuphelele izimpaphe zazo, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukundiza, kepha zihamba kuphela emhlabeni noma zibhukude. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokuncibilikisa, zidilizwa phansi amaphakethe - ngakho-ke kulula ngabo ukubekezelela izitha eziningi zemvelo.

Ngemuva kokuncibilika, ezinye izinyoni zibuyela ezidlekeni zazo, kepha iningi lindizela ezindlini ezifudumele. Ukundiza okunjalo kwezinyoni kwenza eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba - maphakathi no-Okthoba. Emuva ngokuzalanisa ama-Pegans andiza maphakathi no-Mashi - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.

Imvamisa, ngababili laba bantu bayangezelelwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, kodwa isikhathi sokukhwelana, esenzeka ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokufika ezidlekeni, asikhanswanga. Owesifazane oyedwa angakwazi ukunakekela ukudonsa okungafika ku-10. Bazungeza intombi okusolwa ukuthi bayakhombisa, "ikhombisa izingubo zabo" zomshado, bekhipha ikhwela elikhethekile. I-duel phakathi kwabesilisa ingahlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele, lapho abesilisa bezikhombisa komunye nomunye kuyo yonke inkazimulo yabo, kodwa cishe akukaze kulwe.

Ngemuva kokudala izidleke, insikazi ibeka amaqanda anombala omhlophe ophuzi. I-Hatching ihlala amasonto angama-4-4,5.

Kuyathakazelisa! Owesilisa useduze nesidleke, avikele intombi yakhe. Uma insikazi ihamba iyokudla, owesilisa uhlala emaqanda.

Lapho amachwane ezalwa, imibhangqwana ihlangana emhlanjini, ndawonye ivikela amantshontsho ayo ezinywaneni ezidla inyama nasezilwaneni.

Ekhaya, ukuwagcina la madada kulula, ngoba kuthathwa ngokushesha, angaphila ngokuthula endlini nabanye abahlala kuyo. Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile, kufanele kulungiselelwe indawo yokuhamba ebiyelwe ebanzi ngotshani obungahlwanyeliwe. Izakhi ezilandelayo kufanele zibe khona ekudleni kwalawa madada:

• okusanhlamvu
• okuphakelayo okukhethekile,
• isinkwa,
• imikhiqizo emisiwe echithiwe yezithelo nemifino,
• dengwe,
• oluhlaza okotshani.

Kufanele njalo kube namanzi ahlanzekile kwabaphuzayo. Ebusika, ama-Pegans kufanele adluliselwe endlini efudumele, lapho kunesidingo ukufaka imishini yokushisa. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, lo mhlambi wedada ungcono ukuzihlukanisa nabanye abakhileyo endlini, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ukushaywa kunolaka olukhulu kakhulu.

I-Peganka duck enamadada

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuzalela

Izinzuzo zamadada uPeganok angafaka:

• ukubukeka okuhle
• monogamy,
• ukuelula kokuqukethwe
• kuthathelwa kalula, akunamahloni.

Okubi kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphansi
• ikhwalithi yenyama engeyinhle
• isisindo sesidumbu esiphansi.

Uma lezi zinyoni zidotshwa emapulazini omuntu, lapho-ke ngenhloso yokuhlobisa. Kepha la madada ahlukaniswa yisimo sokuthula, ukubukeka okuhle, ngakho-ke asheshe abe izintandokazi zomndeni wonke. Futhi uma kukhona ichibi eduze nendawo, bangakwazi ukubhukuda amahora amaningi kulo, bazitholele ukudla kwabo.