Inja yolwandle ayisona isilwane, kepha inhlanzi ehlala emanzini. Ngakho-ke, inja yolwandle nayo ingaba isilwane. Ungazigcina kanjani izinhlanzi?
Izinhlanzi zihlala olwandle olushisayo, oluphansi futhi olufudumele ezindaweni ezinendawo enamadwala noma ngaphansi kwamatshe. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezitholakala emanzini amasha. Izinja zithanda ukuhlala emanzini asogwini, izinhlobo eziningi zihlala endaweni eshisayo.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezingaphansi, lapho zifuna ukudla zibheka inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enamadwala. Izinhlobo ezihlala ilitha ngesikhathi sethayile yama-tide aphansi emiphongolweni emincane, bese kuthi-ke, igxume emhlabeni, noma kukhasa ukuze ifinyelele emanzini adlule kuwo. Ukondliwa kwezinja zasolwandle kwehluka: i-crimson kanye ne-brown algae, i-benthos, ama-invertebrates, i-plankton, imifino emincane, ama-mollusks.
Kunezinhlobo ezidla izinambuzane ezihlala esikhunjeni senhlanzi enkulu. Benza imisebenzi “yokuhlanza”, baqoqe izinambuzane ezingena ku-integument. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sokuzihlanza, izisulu zezinja ezinamandla ezishisekayo ziphulukana nezikhonkwane zazo. Lezi zinhlobo ziluma amaphisi, izingcezu zenyama.
Amasayizi omzimba wezinja zolwandle ahlukahluka ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-30. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Izinhlanzi zinomzimba omude ofana no-eel, ngokungafani ngokuphelele nokwakheka komzimba kwezinye izinhlobo zomndeni.
Inja yasolwandle (i-Blennius).
Zonke ezinye izinja zikhumbula ezinye izinhlanzi - isivinini esikhulu. Umzimba uvame ukuba mncane, umfishane esifundeni somsila, kancane kancane unwebeka engaphandle bese ungena ekhanda eliyindilinga elibanzi. Iphrofayili yenhlanzi ifana ne-arc eyize, ethi ngaphandle kwethonsi elibukhali ingena emehlweni. Umlomo omkhulu namehlo amakhulu ame ngaphandle kwekhanda. Isikhumba esinqunu singenasikali futhi simbozwe ungqimba olubanzi lomsipha ovikela umzimba wenhlanzi.
Amalunga esiswini akhishwa inyumbazane ngaphandle futhi atholakala eduze kwamaphinifa. I-dorsal fin eyedlula ngemuva, i-notch encane ihlukanise izingxenye ezimbili: eyokuqala inamahloni futhi umhlane uyathambile. I-anal fin ilingana nengxenye ethambile ye-dorsal fin futhi ibanzi ngokulinganayo. Emhlathini kunamazinyo angama-31-44, amazinyo okugcina ngezansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-fangs, emihlathini engenhla awemakhulu kangako. Umugqa we-lateral ubonakala ngokucacile ngaphambili komzimba futhi ungumzila onama-pores.
Umbala womzimba ubuswa ngompunga ophuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi ngokuhlaza okwenziwe ngamathoni omnqumo. Isisu siphuzi; amabala amnyama atholakala ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Isisekelo sombala ophuzi simnyama mnyama. Amaphinifa we-pectoral nawo aluhlaza-ophuzi ngombala futhi ahlotshiswe ngemigqa emi-4-5 yezindawo ezibomvu.
Ngenxa yombala oqondayo, izinja zasolwandle zigcwele imaski ngaphansi kwamachibi.
Umbala wezinja zolwandle uhlangana kahle nombala wangaphansi futhi ufihla umzimba wenhlanzi. Imivimbo eminingi, amabala enza iphethini ibe yinkimbinkimbi, kepha lokhu kuyazuzisa izinhlanzi ezikhetha ukuhlala zingabonakali endaweni yazo yemvelo. Izinja Zasolwandle zihlukaniswa ukuphuma kwesikhumba esibonakalayo sesimo esiyinqaba. Zibonakala ngokukhethekile kwabesilisa, ukuhlobisa umzimba nokunikeza inhlanzi ukubukeka okumangazayo. I-mucus emincane, emboza kakhulu inhlanzi, isiza ukuhlala ogwini olude isikhathi eside lapho iphansi.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zingangena emanzini ngokuxhuma, zisebenzisa amaphiko lapho zihamba. Izinja zolwandle zibhukuda ngokunganqikazi. Umuntu ngamunye unendawo yakhe yokuhlala enamadwala phansi, okuvumela inhlanzi ukuba icashe ngezikhathi zobungozi futhi igweme nomakhelwane ocasulayo wezihlobo. Izinja zolwandle zinolaka kubantu bangaphandle abafaka isicelo sengxenye ekhethiwe yolwandle.
Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu. Bahlala eMedithera naseLwandle iMarmara, eBosphorus, kutholakala lonke ugu loLwandle Olumnyama kusuka e-Anapa kuya eCrimea, kanye naseTurkey, eBulgaria, eRomania.
Ngesikhathi sokuguguleka, izinja zasolwandle zingahlala ogwini. Umuthi wokumboza umzimba usiza ukuba bangafi.
Zibekela amaqanda ngoMeyi-Juni emihumeni encane ezansi, ematsheni asogwini, emashumini angenalutho ama-oysters nezimbaza. Amaqanda akhula ngezinsuku eziyi-15- 20. Sonke lesi sikhathi amaduna aqapha umenzi. Kakade ngoMeyi, izibungu zifinyelela usayizi we-5 mm, futhi ngo-ekwindla, ubude bomzimba wefrythi bufika ku-50-70 mm. Amajaha adla ezindaweni ezinamadwala amancane futhi ahola indlela yokuphila ye-pelagic. Izinhlanzi ezindala zidla izitshalo zasemanzini, ama-invertebrates amancane, ezinye izinhlobo zingabadli.
Izinja zasolwandle ziyindawo enhle yokuzalanisa ezindaweni zasemanzini. Abathandi bakhangwa umbala wabo ogqamile nokuziphatha okuyinqayizivele. Izinja zasolwandle aziqhudelani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kodwa zenze izidingo zevolumu ye-aquarium, kumele okungenani ibe ngamalitha angama-50. Izinhlanzi, udinga indawo yokuhlala yamahhala, umuntu ngamunye ufuna ukuthola ikona lamahhala, eliba yisiphephelo. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuthile kwezinto eziphilayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uqukethe izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi e-aquarium eyodwa.
Kungamafomu wokuhlanza kuphela lapho kufanele kukhethwe khona imishanguzo namatshe, kubekwe ukuze kuphume ngaphandle. Lapho-ke izinja zasolwandle zizozizwa zikhululekile ukuntanta ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Bondla izinhlanzi ngokudla okujwayelekile okukhona futhi eqandisiwe, engeza izingcezu ezincane zenyama, inhlanzi noma igobolondo, kufaka nokuphakelwa kwemifino nokudla okuhlanganisiwe ekudleni.
Izinja zasolwandle ezindala zingama-imifino futhi zidla emadwaleni, yize kunezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubathandi bezinhlanzi zase-aquarium yinja ejiyile. Lolu hlobo lunesici esithandekayo esidala ukubukeka okungafani nalu: ngemuva kwekhanda lezinhlanzi kukhona ubuqili bezinqubo ezingama-20 ezingcolile. Inja yepikoko ehehayo ehlala eMedithera, Adriatic and Black Seas. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ukuphuma kwesigaxa esifana nesigqoko kuyavela ekhanda lowesilisa abese ekhombisa izimpawu zokuthi uyimbangi.
Inja yeSphynx yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinja zasolwandle ezindaweni eziphuma ngaphandle ezingalawuleki zethelevishini eziboshwe ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Umzimba wale nhlanzi uhlotshiswe ngemichilo emide engu-6-7 ebanzi eshintshashintshayo ebekwe ezinhlangothini. Izinhlobo: inja ejwayelekile, ebomvu noma ephuzi-ebomvu etholakala oLwandle Olumnyama.
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Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo engu-16.5 cm. I-plumage ngemuva ingemnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ecwebezelayo. Ikhanda ngemisinga emnyama edlulayo. Umzimba ezinhlangothini nasemphinjeni umhlophe, phansi umbala obomvu obomvu. Izimpaphe zomsila nezimpiko ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko kugcwele ukugqwala. Uqhwaku lumnyama, lude futhi lubalulekile ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba.
Isincane i-Blue Kingfisher (i-Alcedo coerulescens).
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inyoni eyindawo. Amakoloni awakhi. Iqapha indawo yayo yokudla futhi idonsa izimbangi.
Izinhlanzi ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezincane kuze kube yilapho iqhwa lingena.
Kufika inkosi encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho imifula isambozwe eqhweni. Ugxibha umhlonyane emanzini emanzini eqhwa. Akavamile ukuzingela emoyeni.
Kwesinye isikhathi, uma ibheke inyamazane echibini, i-kingfisher ifaka amaphiko ayo ngaphezulu kwamanzi, njengebhabhathane elikhulu.
Ilenga endaweni eyodwa emoyeni, ikhulisa ukunyakaza kwamaphiko, ngakho-ke ibonakala obala.
Inkosi encane imvamisa ihlala endaweni yokuqamekelela egatsheni, eduze kwamanzi. Kunzima ukuyithola, ngoba le nyoni ifihliwe ngamahlamvu aminyene. Le nyoni ayibheki kude namanzi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile iziphonsa emanzini ngaphandle kokusakaza amaphiko ayo. Lapho ebambe inhlanzi, umfishi omncane wesibhakabhaka udla inyamazane kule ndawo noma undizela inhlanzi esidlekeni.
Abadobi abancane abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bafuduka sekwephuzile, "zala ubusika, bese undiza uhambe." Ngakho-ke abantu bachaza igama lale nyoni. Kepha ngisho nokuqala kokudoba ubusika asiphuthumi ukuphuma endaweni okuphakelwa kuyo. Bathola umhlonyane nama glaze ezindaweni ezinesivinini esisheshayo futhi baqhubeke "nokudoba" emanzini acwebile. Izinyoni azesabi isithwathwa, ngakho-ke zibizwa nangokuthi - iqhwa.
Esimweni sokuzingela okungaphumelelanga, inyoni ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni futhi iqhwa ilindele.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-kingfisher eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Abadobi abancane bezinkosi abuluhlaza benza umgodi ogwini lwethafa lesihlabathi. Ubude bendawo yokuhlala yi-0.30 - 1 imitha, kuya ngobukhulu bomhlaba. Izinyoni zigebha umhlabathi ngensimbi enamandla futhi zitsheke inhlabathi. Ukumba umgodi kuthatha cishe isonto. Uma ukuthutha kuphumule phezu kwe-cobblestone enkulu, khona-ke ama-kingfishers ashiya umsebenzi ongapheli futhi abambe umgodi futhi. Inkambo yokumba iyaphela ngegumbi lokungenisa izidleke. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-kingfisher aluhlaza akhetha isihlahla esidala esingenalutho sesidleke ogwini lwechibi lamachibi, lapho iziteshi ezincanyana zezinhlanzi zingena khona.
Imfucumfucu esidlekeni yizikali zezinhlanzi. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayisithupha noma ayisikhombisa ayindilinga, embozwe ngegobolondo elimhlophe elimhlophe. Kungowesifazane kuphela owazala, uhlala ngokuqinile esidlekeni futhi angavamile ukusishiya.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uthatha indawo yowesifazane ukuze akwazi ukwelula amaphiko akhe.
Owesilisa wondla intombi emhlophe. Isidleke se-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi ibukeka njengokudonsa udoti kwangempela.
Ngesikhathi sokudleke, imfucuza eminingi yokudla inqwabelana emgodini. Amakati ahlala esikalini sezinhlanzi esizungezwe amathambo amancanyana ezinhlanzi, ashiywe, abola izinsalela zemizimba yezinhlanzi namabhungane. Kuqubuka izimpukane kule nqwaba yokungcola kokudla, kuthiwe iphunga elibi. Zonke lezi zimo zokungahlanzeki azibheki nhlobo ngamapulangwe amahle wesifino se-kingfisher.
Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi i-kingfisher ifa, igijimela emanzini igatsha layo eliqaphe.
Isikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinyoni siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ku-Agasti. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, sekuvele izidleke ezinamaqanda abekwe, kanti abanye abantu sebevele banamachwane. Inzalo ivela ngaphandle kwamaplage, iyimpumputhe, inamakhanda amakhulu ezintanjeni ezondile.
Ingxenye engezansi yoqhwaku yinde kakhulu kunohambo olungaphezulu. Abomdabu abancane abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bayandiza lapho kusekelwa iqhwa elinamandla emifuleni.
Ukudla okuncane kwe-kingfisher eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uqhwaku olukhulu lwe-kingfisher encane iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokudoba nezinambuzane ezinkulu zasemanzini.
Le nyoni idla izibungu zama-dragonfly, ama-crustaceans namanye ama-invertebrates.
Ubamba tadpoles kanye namaxoxo, kodwa nokho ukhetha ukudla inhlanzi. Echibini elinokudla okuningi, ubamba izinhlanzi eziyi-10 -12 ngosuku.
Lapho bondla amaphuphu, ukubamba kukhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukufuduka kweBlue Kingfisher Elincane
Ama-kingfishers amancane aluhlaza aqala indiza yawo ekwindla ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - engxenyeni yokuqala kaSepthemba. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Izindawo zobusika zezinyoni ezivela engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia ziseNyakatho Afrika, eSouth Europe.
Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo yinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane zasemanzini.
Abadobi abancane abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abavela ebusika eSiberia eSouth Asia. Ngokwesimo sabadobi bamakhosi walolu hlobo kunezitha ezimbalwa, zivame ukuba yizihlambi zezinyoni ezidla inyama - izingesi namakhosi, kepha izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuwela. Abantu bezinduna zenkosi abadubuli, inyama yabo inuka njengezinhlanzi.
Izizathu zokuncipha kwenani le-kingfisher encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
inani lamakhosi amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alilikhulu kangako, izinyoni zikhethe kakhulu ekukhetheni izindawo ezifanele zokwakha izidleke. Abomdabu abancane abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bahlala ogwini lwesichibi esinamanzi acwebile ahlanzekile agobhoza okuncane, bekungenzeka ukuntywila ngezinhlanzi ufike ezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga iziqu zezihlahla nezihlahla, inhlabathi efanelekile yokwakhiwa kwemibila. Azikho izindawo eziningi kangako ezinokungcoliswa kwemvelo okujwayelekile.
Futhi izinyoni ngayinye zihlala kwelinye i-kingfishers ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samamitha ayi-100-500. Ukwehla kwenani lezinyoni kuhlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yabantu. Ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala lwenzeka ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa izindawo ezisogwini, ukujula kweziteshi zemifula yokuhamba ngemikhumbi, ukujula kwezikhukhula, lapho imifula emincane yomile ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokudonswa kwezihlambi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha.