U-Osprey udla cishe izinhlanzi eziphila bukhoma. Kuphela lapho amanzi echibini enodaka kakhulu lapho kufanele abambe amasele namagundane amancane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze axoshe amadada kanye nama-jackdaws. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-osprey iqala ukuhamba emoyeni phezulu endaweni ephakeme, bese icwila ukuphakama kube ngu-20-30 m bese iqala ukushesha phezu kwamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, iyama futhi ilenga emoyeni, ishaye amaphiko ayo ukuqapha izinhlanzi ezibukwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho eselula imilenze yakhe phambili, i-osprey iwele ngokushesha emanzini nge-engela kuya phezulu bese inyamalala ngaphansi kwamagagasi.
Kodwa-ke, le nyoni isheshe ibonakale ebusweni bese ihamba ibambe inyamazane, iyise endaweni eseceleni. Ngokuvamile, i-osprey ibamba izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-200-400 amagremu.
U-OCOPA NO-MAN
Isikhathi eside, abantu babheka i-osprey njengenyoni eyingozi eqothula izinhlanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, washushiswa kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, ama-ospreys ayazingelwa kuze kube namuhla. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwehle kakhulu isibalo sama-ospreys eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Isizathu esikhulu sokuncishiswa kwabo ngumphumela wemithi yokubulala izinambuzane (isb. DDT). Lezi ubuthi zanqwabelana emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, okuyinto sidla osprey.
Lapho i-osprey idla inyamazane enobuthi, lezi zinto eziyingozi, zangena emzimbeni wayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinsikazi zaqala ukubeka amaqanda ngegobolondo elincanyana kakhulu.
LIFESTYLE
U-Osprey ukuphela komuntu omele umndeni wakwaSkopin. Le nyoni inhle kakhulu. Izici ezihlukile ze-osprey zingumzimba omncane, onothile, umlomo omfishane, ogobekile, ogobile, imilenze eqinile, ingxenye engahlukanisiwe embozwe ngezikali ezinohlonze, kepha ezilinganayo. Izimpiko ezinde ze-osprey zinesimo se-kink futhi zifana nencwadi ethi "M". I-Osprey inokusatshalaliswa cishe kwendawo yonke. Idla izidleke eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia, e-Australia naseNyakatho Afrika. Ebusika, i-osprey isuka ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho iye ezindaweni ezifudumele. Izinyoni ezidla eYurophu ziya e-Afrika ezindaweni ezifudumele, futhi izihlobo zazo ezivela eNyakatho Melika zibakhangela izindawo ezifanele kuzo eziseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Ukusikisela
I-Osprey ihlala eduze namadamu amakhulu anamanzi acwebile, agcwele izinhlanzi. Ihlala izidleke ezihlahleni ezinkulu eziphakeme ngaphezu kwehlathi. Ezindaweni ezilahliwe, i-osprey imvamisa ihlela isidleke sayo ogwini olungenalutho. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokufika ezindaweni ezakha izidleke, izinyoni zingena ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala izidleke bese ziqala ukuhlomisa izidleke zazo. Kamuva, izinyoni ziqala ukwenza imidanso yokuphelelisa: nenhlanzi ezinhlafunweni zayo, owesilisa ukhuphuka aze afike ku-300 m, endiza okwesikhashana emoyeni, bese-ke, esegoqe amaphiko awo, ngokushesha kuwa phansi. Maphakathi noMeyi, ama-ospreys aqala ukubeka amaqanda. Insikazi ibeka ama-2-3 (kancane kaningi - ama-4) amaqanda amhlophe anamabala ansundu bese iwafaka cishe izinsuku ezingama-38. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi umlethela ukudla. Imikhaza isidleke esidlekeni izinsuku ezingama-55. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ayivikeli, kepha icashe.
IMINININGWANE YOKUGCINA
EYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ama-ospreys ayinyoni engenqabile. ENyakatho Yurophu, izidleke ezingaba ngu-3,000. ENtshonalanga naseNkabeni Yurophu, kwasala amabhangqa angama-200 ama-ospreys kuphela. EScotland, i-osprey yanyamalala ngo-1915. Yaphinde yazinza lapha ngo-1954, ngenxa yokuvikela ngokucophelela isidleke sombhangqwana esilethwe lapha. Manje inani labantu baseScotland linamabili ngazimbili.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- U-Osprey ungumzingeli onamanyala kakhulu ovame ukubamba izinhlanzi ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.
- Imisindo eyenziwe yi-osprey iqukethe amathoni aphezulu akhona.
- Umunwe ongaphandle we-osprey ungazungeza uhlehle uye emuva, ngenxa yalokhu inyoni ibambe inyamazane ngokuqinile.
- Ezincwadini zakudala, bekukhona izindaba ezidumile ngokufa kuka-osprey, obanjwe emanzini ngamapiki, kodwa ezincwadini zesayensi azikho amacala atholakala ngokufana nalawa.
- Esiqhingini saseGardners eduze naseNew York, ikoloni le-osprey lakhula esidlekeni, linamabhangqa angaphezu kuka-300.
IZIPHUMA ZESIQINISEKISO SEZIBHALO. ISIHLOKO
Amaqanda: mhlophe enamabala amnyama noma ansundu, i-osprey yowesifazane ibeka ama-2-3, ngokuvamisile - amaqanda ama-4.
I-Nest: itholakala phezulu emiqhele yemithi emikhulu noma emadwaleni.
Ukuhlwaya: izinsikazi ziyondla. Ziba namaphiko eneminyaka engu-50-60 yezinsuku.
Izici ezihlukile: amaplamu ansundu. Ikhanda limhlophe, kusukela esweni kuya phakathi kwentamo - kwehla umucu omnyama. Izimpiko zinde ngokungajwayelekile. Imilenze iqine, ayinamibala ngokuphelele.
- Unyaka wonke
- Ubusika
-I-Nesting
LAPHO UKUPHILA
I-Osprey itholakala cishe kulo lonke ugu kanye naseduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Imephu ikhombisa izindawo lapho icashe khona nezidleke, kanye nezindawo lapho zihlala khona unyaka wonke.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Ezindaweni eziningi, i-osprey iye yaba uhlobo olungandile. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kwezolimo nasekuzingeleni kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenani lale nyoni.
U-Osprey uyahlasela. Ividiyo (00:00:58)
Ukubheka isidleke se-osprey kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu: izidleke ziphezulu futhi esiqongweni somuthi. Akukho okubambelela lapho, amafindo awela esidlekeni, ngasesandleni esisodwa nganginekhamera enkulu ehlombe. Futhi lapho ngiphakamisa ikhamera ku-tripod esindayo ngokungahleliwe ekuphakameni kwesakhiwo esinezitezi ezinhlanu, ngiyibambe ngophawu ngesandla esisodwa. Kungakufanelekela ukuphambuka kancane le nto kusuka mpo futhi yonke imishini ibindizela phansi ishaye ibe ngama-smithereens. Kuvinjelwe ngokuyisimangaliso. Futhi lesi sidleke singenye yezingcosana ongabheka kuzo. Ngigibele esihlahleni esisodwa esidlekayo - ngaphenduka indlela ebheke emuva - yayomile kangangokuba inxenye yonke engenhla yayingawa.
U-Osprey / u-Osprey udonsela inhlanzi esidlekeni. Ividiyo (00:01:44)
I-Osprey iyinyoni ebukekayo ebamba inyamazane, amaphiko ayo afinyelela ku-170cm. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Noma kunjalo, eningizimu yeLadoga osprey uzizwa ekhululekile. Ngathandana nalawa mazwe ayinkangala, ngachitha isikhathi esiningi lapho ngizulazula futhi ngixoxa nama-ospreys nezinkozi. Izidleke ze-Osprey azinakufinyeleleka kangangokuba bambalwa abakwa-ornithologists abakwazi ukubamba izinyoni zale nyoni ezandleni. Kodwa-ke, ngakwazi ukungena izidleke ze-osprey, kwathi lapho i-osprey ihlala embhoshongweni, engawubeka eduze esidlekeni. I-osprey iqaphela kakhulu futhi, lapho isondela esidlekeni somuntu, ishiya ikhaya layo amakhulu amaningi amamitha, ngenxa yalokho, ukuze ikususe, umuntu kwakumelwe abeke itende esidlekeni ebusuku. Izindaba eziphathelene ne-osprey nezinkozi ezishicilelwe ngonyaka we-2010. encwadini enezithombe ezinhle, Ku-Nest of Cannibals. Ososayensi bakholelwe ukuthi esifundeni saseLeningrad izidleke ze-osprey zingabalwa eminwe, kepha eningizimu yeLadoga ngithole izidleke ezingaphezu kwe-15. Iqembu elikhulu kunazo zonke lezizinyoni eYurophu eDarwin Reserve
Ukubukeka
I-Osprey inyoni enkulu impela, ubukhulu bayo bomzimba buhlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-55 kuya kwangama-58 ubude namaphiko esifundeni samasentimitha ayi-150. Umbala wekhanda mhlophe ngomucu omnyama onobuntu oqala ngoqhwaku futhi uphela ngemuva kwekhanda. Ishubhu elingaphezulu limnyama futhi mpunga. Umgexo wezimpaphe ezimnyama utholakala esifubeni. Ngemuva kwekhanda kune-crest encane. Izimpaphe ngokwazo zibukeka zincane.
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Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, umbala womzimba ungahluka. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlobo zinamaphiko ama-anyanisi amade kakhulu abunjiwe ngesigaxa sesici eduze kwesihlanganisi esihlanganayo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwephiko, endizeni, i-osprey iba njenge-seagull. Umsila we-osprey, onamandla okuhamba njengefeni, nawo uyaphawuleka. Amehlo aphuzi. Uqhwaku lusontekile futhi lumnyama.
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I-dimorphism yezocansi iwukugqokwa kombala omnyama emaphumeni entokazi, kanye nomgexo oqinisiwe entanyeni. Abantu bangabonakala futhi ngesisindo: izinsikazi zicishe zibe ngama-20% ezisindayo kunabesilisa.
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Habitat
I-Osprey itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Kaningi kutholakala ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Melika nase-Indo-Malaysia. Ebusika, angangena eGibhithe naseziqhingini zoLwandle Olubomvu. E-Russia, bakhetha ukuhlala eduze namachibi nemifula ebandayo. Ukuze uthole isidleke, khetha izihlahla ezinde.
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Umsoco
Cishe konke ukudla kwale nyoni kuqukethe izinhlanzi. Ama-Osprey adla ngokoqobo noma iyiphi inhlanzi etholakala eduze kwamanzi. Bazingela izinhlanzi impukane, bazulazula phezu kwamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi bangakwazi ukuhlela abagibeli. Kulezi zinyoni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile futhi asobala ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinhlanzi ibanga elingamamitha angama-40 ukusuka ebusweni. Lapho esethole inyamazane edingekayo, i-osprey ivele igijime kuyo iqonde emgodini ngejubane elikhulu, bese ibamba isisulu ngezihlakala zayo ezinde. Kuqala ukudla inyamazane kusuka ekhanda, bese kuyilahla okunye noma kuyise esidlekeni. U-Osprey cishe akaphuzi amanzi.
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U-Osprey uyisidlali esihle kakhulu
I-osprey enkulu ingadla izinhlanzi eziningi ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka zingabali isisindo sezinyamazane, yingakho izinhlanzi ezibanjiweyo ziqhekeka kusuka kwizibuko ze-osprey bese ziwa phansi.
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Osayizi bezinyoni
Lesi sidlamlilo esikhulu, esifinyelela ku-1,2-2 kg wesisindo esiyi-55-58 cm kanye namaphiko angama-1.45-11.7 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu be-osprey, kanye nemisindo yombala wayo, kuncike kokubhaliwe okukhona esifundeni esithile.
Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zisahlukanisa imininingwane engu-4 ka-osprey:
- I-Pandion haliaetus haliaetus iyisitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi esimnyama kunazo zonke esihlala e-Eurasia,
- I-Pandion haliaetus ridgwayi - usayizi ufana no-P. h. i-haliaetus, kepha inekhanda elilula. I-subspecies engapheli ehlala eziqhingini zaseCaribbean,
- IPandion haliaetus carolinensis iyi-subspecies emnyama futhi enkulu ehlala eNyakatho Melika,
- IPandion haliaetus cristatus iyizindawo ezincanyana kakhulu zabameleli bazo ezihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu zasolwandle, kanye nasogwini lwemifula emikhulu yase-Australia naseTasmania.
Ngokuvamile, kubonakala ukuthi ama-osprey ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kunama-congeners azalwe ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi.
Isikhathi sokuzala
Isikhathi sokuzala singase sehluke ngokuya ngempilo ye-osprey. Ezinyoni ezihlalisiwe, kwenzeka ngoDisemba futhi kugcina kuze kube uMashi, futhi kuma-ospreys afudukayo, kuqala kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Mashi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithandana kwabantu besifazane. Bahlela izindiza eduze nezidleke, beheha izinsikazi futhi bazivikele kwabesilisa. Ngemuva kokuqanjwa kombhangqwana, isigaba sokwenza ngcono ikhaya siqala. Ngokuyisisekelo, insikazi ngokwayo ithola izinto zokwakha isidleke, futhi ilungiselelo lenziwa kanye nowesilisa. Isidleke esakhiwe yikhaya labo laphakade, ngakho-ke kaningi kakhulu bayinakekela kahle. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa amaphuphu amancane amabili kuya kwayi-4.
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Osprey namachwane
Amachwane asachanyuselwa ngaphambili anamandla kunalawo awadonsa kamuva. Inqubo yokufaka ekufukameleni ihlala izinsuku ezingama-40. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi owesilisa nowesilisa kufanele bahlanganyele ngababili. Abazali bondla ama-ospreys amancane ezinhlanzini ezincane. Owesifazane uhlukanisa inhlanzi ebanjwe owesilisa ibe yizicucu imondle amathole. Kungakapheli nenyanga nengxenye, ama-ospreys amancane athola amakhono okuzingela. Lapho sezinezinyanga ezi-2, zishiya izidleke zazo bese ziqala impilo ezimele. Ama-Ospreys avuthwa ngokocansi akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.
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Indlela yokuphila
I-osprey inikezwa i-ichthyophages, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayikwazi ukucabanga ngokuphila kwayo ngaphandle kwechibi, umfula, ixhaphozi, noma idamu. Isidumbu samanzi esiseduzane sitholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yendawo yokuzingela ye-osprey futhi ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-0,10 kuya kwesidleke sayo. Ubungako besidleke buhlukile - izidleke ezimbili ezingomakhelwane zingahlukaniswa ngamamitha ayikhulu noma amakhilomitha amaningi.
I-osprey ayisoze yanikela amandla okulawula imizimba emincane emincane yamanzi noma izigaba ezahlukahlukene zomfula / idamu elikhulu ngasikhathi sinye (ngokubheka kwendlela yomoya ngesikhathi sokuzingela). Ukunikeza ukulawula okunjalo, i-osprey yakhela isidleke emgodini womfula noma kwi-mane phakathi nendawo yokubhukuda.
Ama-ospreys amaningi anamathela ezindaweni zawo zokudla, futhi ngenxa yalokho akaqabuki akha amakoloni. Ukuhlela amaqembu kwenzeka kaningi eziqhingini, kanye nasemgqeni wokudlulisela, okungukuthi, kunesikhala esiningi sezidleke zezinqwaba.
U-Osprey uvame ukuphendukela ekuzingeleni okuhlangene, okusebenzayo kakhulu kunokukodwa. Izinyoni zihlala ezihlahleni, zibona ukuqaphela okuzalwe. Bahlala ezinsikeni zamagatsha, ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, imigodi emincane noma ogwini. U-Osprey wenza imisindo, into efana ne "kai-kai-kai", ifudukela endaweni ephakeme eyi "ki-ki-ki" eduze kwesidleke.
Lapho i-osprey ibheka inyamazane emfuleni, ivame ukuzamazama - iyama bese ilenga ngaphezulu kwamanzi, ishele amaphiko ayo ngokushesha. Ama-Ospreys avikela izidleke zawo, kepha angazivikeli izindawo ngazinye, ngoba ukudla akuthandayo (zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi) kuyasebenza futhi kungaba kude nebanga lesidleke.
Abameli baseningizimu zezinhlobo bathambekele kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu, kanti ama-ospreys asenyakatho ikakhulu afuduka.
Izitha emvelweni
ENyakatho Melika, ama-ospreys angaba yisisulu sezikhova ezindala noma izinkozi eziyimpandla. Yonke indawo zizingelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhova nezinkozi, ama-martens nama-raccoon, abamele umndeni wekati nezinyoka. Njengomthetho, izilwane eziningi zibhubhisa izidleke ze-osprey.
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Emazweni aseningizimu, uchungechunge lwezingwenya ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ingwenya yeNayile, ingahlasela i-osprey. Ubamba i-osprey, edonsa isisulu emanzini.
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Isikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Ospreys aphile isikhathi eside, okungenani iminyaka engama-20-25, futhi lapho inyoni iba mdala, iba namandla amathuba okuphila okude. Abantu abahlukahlukene banezibalo zabo zokusinda, kepha ngokuvamile isithombe simi ngokulandelayo - ama-60% ezilwane ezisencane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 no-80-90% wezinyoni ezindala ziyasinda.
Iqiniso. I-Ornithologists ikwazile ukulandelela insikazi enezintambo, enomlando wokuphila isikhathi eside eYurophu. Ngo-2011, wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
ENyakatho Melika, owesilisa owaphila iminyaka engama-25 ubudala wabonwa njengomdala osprey. Isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka wasinda ngowesilisa owayehlala eFinland, okwathi ngesikhathi sokufa wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala ezinsukwini ezingama-25. Kodwa kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ama-ospreys amaningi endle akuvamile ukuthi aphile kuze kube manje.
Isibalo
Okwamanje, inani lama-ospreys liyinto ekhathazayo. Izinyoni zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yamazwe ambalwa, kanye nasemibhalweni ehlukahlukene yezemvelo. Kwezinye izindawo, i-paucity yalezi zinyoni ihlotshaniswa nokuzingela kwabazingeli, ubuthi ngokubulala izinambuzane ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso sokudla. Ensimini yaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, kwakwazi ukubuyisa inani le-ospreys ngokungeniswa kwezinyathelo zezemvelo nokusungulwa kwezimo zokwakha izidleke zokufakelwa.
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I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kobulili ngombala ubonakala kuphela ngokubhekwa ngokucophelela - izinsikazi zihlala zimnyama futhi zinentambo yomgexo egqamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zingama-20% ezisindayo kunabesilisa: eyokuqala inesisindo esingu-1.6-2 kg, kanti eyokugcina inesisindo kusuka ku-1,2 kg iye ku-1,6 kg. Futhi, ama-osprey abesifazane abonisa amaphiko amakhulu (5-10%).
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
U-Osprey uhlala kuzo zombili izindawo ezingamakhompiyutha, ezingxenyeni zezwe lapho kuzala khona noma kufihliza amakhaza. Akukaziwa ukuthi abamele lezi zinhlobo bazalela e-Indo-Malaysia naseNingizimu Melika, kepha ebusika babona izinyoni njalo lapho. Ebusika, ama-ospreys ahlala esidlekeni eGibhithe nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeziqhingi zoLwandle Olubomvu.
Ngaphansi kwe-ospreys esidlekayo khetha amakhona aphephile, hhayi kude nokujula, acebile ngezinhlanzi, izindawo zamanzi. Izilokazana zifakwe kumakhilomitha angama-3-5 ukusuka kwizidumbu zamanzi (amadamu, amachibi, amachibi noma imifula), kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
E-Russia, ama-ospreys akhetha amachibi abandayo anwebekile, kanye ne-rapids / imifula efinyelela lapho izihlahla ezinde (ezinamaphawu omisiwe) zilungele ukukhula kwezidleke. Izinyoni ziqaphele kakhulu abantu, kepha zisondele kakhulu kubo e-Australia naseMelika, zakha izidleke ngisho nasezakhiweni zama-transformer.
Ukudla kwe-Osprey
Inezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwama-99%, njengoba i-osprey ingakhethi futhi ibambe konke okusondela ebusweni bamanzi. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-assortment yezinhlanzi ibanzi, i-osprey ikhetha izinhlobo ezingama-2-3 ezimnandi kakhulu (ngombono wakhe). Ama-Ospreys ajwayele ukuzingela impukane (kwesinye isikhathi kusuka lapho kuba khona ukuqopha): akhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi, angakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-10- 40 m. Ngale ndlela yokuzingela, ukubonakala kwe-osprey kubalulekile, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubona inyamazane echibini elinodaka.
Ukuzingela
U-Osprey ugijimela ngempumelelo ngemuva kwenhlanzi evela ngenhla - iyibona lapho indiza ishefa, inyoni igoqa amaphiko ayo futhi yelule imilenze yayo phambili, iwela ngokushesha isisulu esiqongweni esiphakeme noma ekhoneni lama-degrees angama-45. Imvamisa ihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele, kepha ngokushesha iyenyuka phezulu, ithwele indondo (evame ukuqondiswa inhloko ngaphambili) kwizibuko zewundla elilodwa noma womabili.
Kuyathakazelisa. Izinhlanzi ezishelelayo zigcinwa indawo ngozankosi abade, iminwe yayo ichithwe ngamhubhu abukhali ngezansi, kanye nomunwe wangaphambili kubuyiswe emuva (ukubamba okuthembekile kwenyamazane).
Ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi, i-osprey isebenzisa iphiko elinamandla, elicishe lishayiwe. Emoyeni, kuvame ukuzamazama bese indizela esihlahleni noma edwaleni, ukuze idle isidlo sasemini kancane. Lapho eseqedile ukudla, ubuyela emfuleni eyogeza izikali zenhlanzi nomphimbo ngokufaka imilenze kanye nekhanda emanzini.
Ukukhiqiza
Umuntu osprey osekhulile onesisindo esingu-2 kg akesabi ukudoba inyamazane elilingana noma ephakeme kunesisindo, elula elula inhlanzi ezintathu no-kilogramu amane. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kuyinto eyehlukile kunesomthetho - kaningi kakhulu kuphatha izinhlanzi eziyikhulu gram noma ezingamakhulu amabili.
Kwenzeka ukuthi i-osprey ingabali amandla ayo futhi ilume imihlazo yayo ibe umhlatshelo osindayo onesisindo esingama-4 kg noma ngaphezulu. Uma inyoni ingenaso isikhathi sokukhulula izindwani zayo, inhlanzi esindayo iyithwala iye ezansi. Abadobi ngezikhathi ezithile babamba amaphayiphu amakhulu kanye nezidumbu nge “mhlobiso” osabekayo emhlane wabo - ithambo le-osprey elifile. Kukhona nesithombe sokutholwa okunjalo, lapho kubanjwa khona i-carp enkulu (ebanjiwe eSaxony) ene-osprey efile ehleli phezu kwayo.
Imininingwane
Inyoni idla inhlanzi, iqala ekhanda. Uma owesilisa edlisa insikazi ngalesi sikhathi, udla ingxenye yokubamba, athathe enye ingxenye ayise esidlekeni. Ngokuvamile, ama-ospreys awasetshenziselwa ukufihla lokho akwebiwe: athwale, alahle, noma ashiye izinsalela esidlekeni.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-osprey idelela i-carrion futhi icishe ingaphuzi amanzi, yanelisa isidingo sansuku zonke somswakama ngezinhlanzi ezintsha.
I-Ornithologists ibalwe futhi nephesenti le-dives ephumelelayo (24-74%), iphawula ukuthi inkomba ithinteka yisimo sezulu, i-ebbs nokugeleza kanye namakhono we-osprey uqobo. Iphesenti elilodwa leenyoni yemenyu yezinyamazane lihlala amaxoxo, ama-voles amanzi, ama-muskrats, ama-squirrels, ama-salamanders, izinyoka, izinyoni ezincane, ngisho neengwenya ezincane.
I-Nesting
Imvamisa phezu kwesidleke ubona owesilisa ebhala ama-pirouette omoya - lezi yizici zomsiko womshado futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuzama ukwesabisa izimbangi.
Sekukonke, ama-ospreys atholanayo, kepha abonisa isithembu lapho izidleke zisondele, kanti owesilisa angavikela zombili. Isidleke sokuqala kuleli cala sibaluleke kakhulu kowesilisa, ngoba okokuqala uthatha izinhlanzi lapho.
Ama-ospreys ahlala eRussia ikakhulukazi ahlala esidlekeni se-conifers ende esikhula emaphethelweni ehlathi, osebeni lomfula / echibini noma emi eceleni kwemiphetho. Isihlahla esinjalo sikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-10 ngaphezu kwesihlahla sehlathi futhi kufanele sibekezelele isidleke esikhulu sasohlwathi iminyaka eminingana.
Kancane kancane, isidleke siyavela ezigxotsheni zezintambo zamandla, amapulatifomu okwenziwa kanye nasezakhiweni. E-Australia, amacala okuthola izidleke komhlaba kuma-ospreys akuvamile. Isidleke sisontekile sivela kumagatsha, sifakelwe i-algae noma utshani, sivame ukusebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezingejwayelekile - izikhwama zepulasitiki, umugqa wokudoba nezinye izinto ezitholakala emanzini. Ngaphakathi, isidleke sakhiwe ngemisebe notshani.
Amahlaya
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ambalwa akhanyayo (amakwe ngophawu onsomi, onsomi noma onsomi), bobabili abazali abazibandakanye ekufukweni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35- 383, amachwane aqashisa, futhi ubaba unomsebenzi wokondla umndeni, hhayi kuphela izingane kuphela, kodwa nowesifazane. Umama uvikela amaphuphu futhi alinde ukudla kumlingani wakhe, futhi angakutholi, ucela kwabesilisa abaseduze.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ubaba onakekelayo nsuku zonke udonsela esidlekeni esingu-3 kuya ku-10- 100 g.Ubazali bobabili bangaphula inyama babe yizicucu bazinike amachwane.
Kungekudala ezinsukwini eziyi-10, amachwane ashintsha izingubo zawo ezimhlophe abe ngompunga omnyama, bese ethola izimpaphe zokuqala emva kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukushintshwa kwezingane kufakwe ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-48-76: ekufudukeni kwabantu, inqubo ye-plumage ishesha.
Ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila kwabo, amaphuphu afinyelela ku-70-80% kasayizi wezinyoni ezindala, futhi lapho esebalekile, enza imizamo yawo yokuqala yokuzingela ngokuzimela. Njengoba sezikwazi ukudoba, amachwane awenamahloni okubuyela esidlekeni futhi afune ukudla kubazali bawo. Ukubanjwa okuphelele kwehlobo komndeni kucishe kube yi-120-150 kg.
Isihlobo se-osprey besihleli esidlekeni cishe izinyanga ezi-2, kepha, ngokungafani nenzalo yezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, engozini ayikhombisi ulaka, kepha, kunalokho, sizama ukucasha. Ngokuvamile abazali bashiya isidleke ukuze bangakhulumisi ukukhula kwentsha. Umsebenzi wokuzala ku-osprey osemncane ubonakala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3.
Izitha zemvelo
ENyakatho Melika, iVirgin Eagle Owl kanye neBald Eagle inyamazane ngamachwane we-osprey futhi, okuvame kakhulu, kubantu abadala. Ama-Ospreys nawo aqashelwa njengezitha zemvelo ze:
- okhozi nezikhova
- ama-raccoon kanye nama-martens (izidleke ezonakalisayo),
- i-feline nezinyoka (izidleke ezihubhisayo).
Ezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya zihlasela izinyoni zobusika emazweni ashisayo, ikakhulukazi iNayile: ibamba i-osprey diving inhlanzi.