Yize leli penguin lalibizwa ngokuthi "likhulu", alinakubizwa ngokuthi likhulu.

Futhi uma uyiqhathanisa ne-Emperor penguin, ukuphakama kwayo kungama-cm angama-120 futhi isisindo sayo singama-30 kg, khona-ke kungahle kubonakale kuncane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukukhula kwaleli penguin kungama-55 cm kuphela, futhi isisindo sawo singamakhilogremu amane.

Ngokusobala ngenxa yokuhluka okungafani phakathi kwegama nokubukeka kwaleli penguin, livame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Snarish yegolide. Elinye igama i-pariin eqanjiwe. Kokubili kukhombisa ukuthi kungokwaluphi uhlobo kwalesi siqhingi saseSkyar Islands. La ma-penguin ahlala lapha kuphela, endaweni encane, indawo engeqi kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-3.3.

I-Great Penguin (ama-Eudypte robustus).

Kepha yize indawo incane, kepha inezinzuzo eziningi ezakhamuzini zayo. Okokuqala, azikho izilwane ezidla ezinye. Okwesibili, izihlahlana eziningi nezihlahla zikhula ngaphansi lapho amapenguins angasonta izidleke. Akusikho ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi lezi ziqhingi ziyindawo yokugcina izilwane zasolwandle, ngakho-ke ukungenelela komuntu empilweni yamapengu kungatholakali. Ngokuya kwezibalo zesazi sezinto eziphilayo kule ndawo encane, ngamaphinifa ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu kuya kwamathathu ama-penguin alesi sidalwa sezinhlobo.

I-Big Penguin: inhlanganisela enhle ye-Taxicoat emnyama enamashiya aphuzi.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-penguin enkulu ama-crests aphuzi atholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo akhe. Njengezinye izinhlobo zepenguin, umhlane wakhe, ikhanda, amaphiko nomsila kumnyama nesisu sakhe simhlophe. I-Snarsky penguin inobuqhwaga obunamandla, isisekelo sayo simhlophe noma sipinki. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ipenguin 'ye-snar' epenguin yaseVictoria, ngoba eyokuqala inezihlathi ezimnyama kanti eyesibili inezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezikhula kubo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bangaphandle abafani, ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa baphakeme kakhulu futhi basindayo.

Ngenxa yamashiya, inyoni ibukeka kakhulu kunale.

Ukuziphatha kwala penguin kuyajabulisa ukubona, ngoba kuyahlekisa kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe kunolaka. Isibonelo, uma ipenguin ibona isivakashi esingamenywanga endaweni yayo, bese isabalalisa amaphiko ayo ngobubanzi, iqale ukubamba, futhi konke lokhu kuhambisana no-grunt. Ngakho-ke, i-penguin enesibindi izama ukwesabisa isitha. Kwezinye izimo, wenza isenzo esifanayo ngaphandle komsindo, mhlawumbe kubukeka kuye sengathi ubukeka embi ngokwedlulele.

Futhi maqondana nabalingani babo, ama-penguins ama-snarie a-crested ahle kakhulu. Sebebuyile ekondleni, baqala ukukhothana, insikazi ingeyokuqala, owesilisa uphendula iminsalo yakhe. Uma umlingani ebengekho endaweni ethile isikhathi eside, khona-ke, esebuyile, wenza omunye isiko: ubheka emehlweni alowo wesifazane, bese eguqa ikhanda lakhe bese ekhala kakhulu, ngenkathi elula umlomo wakhe. Owesifazane ephendula uphinda zonke izenzo zakhe. Ngokusobala, ngale ndlela baqaphela abashadayo komunye nomunye. Futhi uma abalingani bakukhumbula kakhulu, khona-ke bawufushisa umkhosi bese beshaya bese bekhothama ngasikhathi sinye.

Kule angle, ipenguin ifana nenyoni yangempela.

Abesilisa, ngenkathi behambisa okhethiweyo wabo, banwebeka ekuphakameni kwabo okugcwele, befaka izifuba zabo, bese bezelula amaphiko abo, ngaleyo ndlela bezama ukuzifaka ngokwengeziwe amakhilogremu namasentimitha. Ngokubona kwabo, yindlela abanamathuba amaningi okujabulisa owesimame.

Lalela izwi le-penguin enkulu

https://animalreader.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/velikolepnij-pingvin-megadyptes-antipode.mp3
Ama-penguin amakhulu afaka izidleke zawo emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aqale ngokumba umgodi omncane, abese emugqeni ongaphansi kwawo ngamahlumela amancane. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili, futhi ikwenza lokhu ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Iqanda lokuqala lincane kakhulu kunelesibili. Bobabili abazali bababaza ngokuhlukile. Ngenkathi omunye wabo eshisa ubumbano, owesibili umlethela ukudla. Ama-penguins azalwa ngezinsuku ezingama-32-35. Kodwa-ke, enye yezingane, ngeshwa, izodalelwa ukufa ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi.

"Izifundo zemfundo" zesizukulwane esisha.

Umntwana osindile, njengoba esefike eminyakeni engu-2,5 izinyanga, uthunyelwa okokuqala nabazali bakhe olwandle, lapho efunda khona ukuzitholela ukudla kwakhe - inhlanzi, ama-squid amancane ne-krill. Lapha, futhi usengozini, ngokwesibonelo, ngendlela yomhlangano nebhubesi lasolwandle laseNew Zealand, umphumela wawo ongaba yipenguin obulalayo. Kodwa kuyaduduza ukuthi ama-penguin agolide agqitshiwe angabhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi bangamane babhukude bangene ebungozini olungaba khona ngomfanekiso walomhlaseli.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-48-62. Isisindo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3.4 kg. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zifinyelela isisindo esingama-4.5 kg. Amapayipi awavunyelwe amanzi. Izimpaphe zifinyelela kubude obungu-2,5-2.9 cm.Ngemuva labameleli balezinhlobo buluhlaza-bumnyama, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe ngetinge elincane eliphuzi. Ikhanda limnyama.

Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lunombala onsomi obomvu. Amehlo mancane futhi abomvu okumnyama, imilenze ibomvana, ibekwe emva komzimba. Izimpiko zincanyana futhi zifana namaphiko. Isici esiphawuleka ngalezi zinyoni yizimpaphe ezinde ezingafaniyo emakhanda aso. Ziya ngokusuka oqhweni bese ziphela ngamabhulashi ngemuva kwamehlo. Umbala wabo uphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi uphuzi-mhlophe.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Lolu hlobo luhlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu, ezingaba izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Imibhangqwana eminyene. Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngezinyanga zikaSepthemba- Novemba. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-2 asayizi ahlukile. I-hatching chick, njengomthetho, iphuma iqanda elikhudlwana.

Isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-33. Amaqanda abesilisa nabesifazane abalandelayo. Esiswini esingezansi sama-penguins akhanyayo kukhona indawo yesikhumba engenazo izimpaphe. Inikeza ukuhanjiswa okushisa kusuka emzimbeni kuya emaqanda. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, iduna lihlala nenzalo phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-25, lowesifazane athole ukudla azondle. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izinkukhu zihlanganiswa ngamaqembu amancane "ezinkulisa". Kukhona lapho aze akhule ngokugcwele.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinyoni ezindala zibutha izinqolobane ezinamafutha futhi zilungiselela ukuncibilika konyaka. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25. Ngalesi sikhathi, abamele izinhlobo bayiguqula ngokuphelele iplamu yabo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, basuka ezweni bachitha izinyanga zobusika olwandle. Babuyela ogwini ukuze baqale ukuzalanisa futhi. Endle, i-penguin elahlekile ihlala iminyaka eyi-10-12.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Isici esimangazayo sabamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo ukuthi, ukunqoba izithiyo, azihambi ngesisu futhi azivuki ngosizo lwamaphiko, njengoba kwenza amanye amapengu. Bazama ukugxuma phezu kodonga nemifantu. Zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nempilo yasolwandle. Zinemizimba ehambisanayo namaphiko aqinile, okunomthelela ekuhambeni okusheshayo emanzini. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-krill namanye ama-crustaceans. Ama-squid, octopus, inhlanzi nazo ziyadliwa. Izinyamazane ezimbiwa phansi, zingakwazi ukungena ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100.

I-penguin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

I-penguin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibizwa nangokuthi yincane - ngoba yincane futhi iyingxenye yeningi kakhulu. Ubizwa nangokuthi i-penguin ye-elf, mhlawumbe kungenxa ye-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emuva kwakhe. Ama-penguin amancane akhethe iNew Zealand kanye nogu lwaseNingizimu Australia njengendawo yokuhlala yazo.

Ukukhula kwale penguin kusuka kumasentimitha angama-40. Ingane inesisindo cishe nekhilogremu elilodwa. Ama-penguin amancane akha izidleke zawo emihumeni noma emifantwini. Bayakuthanda ukuhlelela ama-penguin parades: lapho ama-penguin amancane ephuma emanzini lapho selishonile ilanga, akha amaqembu ama-10- 40 bese emasha ekwakhekeni izidleke zawo, ememeza nezihlobo nezingane. Ama-penguins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayiqiniso kakhulu - nomlingani okhethiwe angahlala ndawonye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.

Ibizwa nangokuthi i-penguin encane esenyakatho, njengoba kuyindawo ehamba phambili edumile yepenguin encane. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngemivimbo emhlophe kuzo zombili iziphetho zamaphiko.

Amapenguins amhlophe anamaphiko ahlala esifundeni saseCanterbury eNew Zealand. Isebenza kakhulu ebusuku, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-penguin. Zonke zihamba zizingela olwandle ndawonye, ​​kodwa kuphela lapho kuba mnyama ngokuphelele. Lapho befuna ukudla, bangahamba ngamakhilomitha angama-75 ukusuka ogwini.

I-Crested Penguin

Futhi ngamatshe penguin amatshe, amatshe noma i-Rockhopper. Le “penguin igxuma emadwaleni”, ngoba indlela ayithandayo ukungena emanzini ukugxumela kuyo isuka edwaleni "nesosha", kanti amanye ama-penguin akhetha ukutshuza.

Le ndoda ebukekayo eqhoshayo ihlala kulezi ziqhingi eziningi endaweni efudumele yoLwandle Oluseningizimu. Ikhanda lakhe lihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezinhle eziphuzi. Kepha ulaka lwamatshe wepenguin luyamangaza - uma ethukuthela, uzokwenza umsindo omkhulu aze ahlasele.

I-Adelie penguin yakha isidleke sayo ngamatshe amatshe angawantshontsha omakhelwane bayo abahle. Ihlala ogwini lwe-Antarctica kanye neziqhingi eziseduze.

Ebusika, ama-péleins e-Adélie ahlala eqhweni ahamba amakhilomitha angama-700 ukusuka ogwini, futhi esidlekeni sasehlobo esinamakhaza eziqhingini eziseduze nase-Antarctica. Ekuqaleni kokudlekwa, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingafinyelela -40 ° C.

I-Antarctic noma iSouth Penguin

Isihlobo se-Adelie penguins. Lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo - inani labantu abafinyelela ngamakhulu ayisi-7,5. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Antarctic penguin, imicu emnyama entanyeni kusuka endlebeni kuya endlebeni kanye nekhanda elimnyama ekhanda.

Babhukudi obabazekayo, bangene ngokujula kwamamitha angama-250, futhi babhukuda amakhilomitha ayi-1000 olwandle. I-Habitat - Iziqhingi zase-Antarctic nezama-subantarctic.

I-Galapagos Penguin

Isici esiyingqayizivele sama-penguins aseGalapagos indawo yazo. Futhi bahlala eziQhingini ezifudumele zeGalapagos, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku-28 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-24 ° C. Le wukuphela kwezinhlobo zepenguin ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo.

La ma-penguin anekhanda elimnyama, kanti umugqa omhlophe ugijima usuka kweliso uye konyawo entanyeni. Ngaphansi komlomo nesikhumba esizungeze amehlo kupinki futhi kuphuzi. Kunama-penguin ambalwa kakhulu weGalapagos - ngababili abangaba ngu-6,000. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, le penguin inezitha eziningi ngenxa yobude bayo nendawo yayo yokuhlala.

Ipenguin enezinwele ezigolide noma enezinwele zegolide ifana ne-penguin ekholisiwe, kepha izimpaphe eziphuzi ezigolide ekhanda zinokuningi. Igama lesiNgisi lolu hlobo luhumusha ngokuthi i-penguin dandy. I-areola yendawo yabo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu futhi inezindawo ezingaba ngu-200.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isisindo somzimba wepenguin yabantu abadala siyahluka cishe kabili ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka futhi kuye ngezinkathi zokuncibilika nokuzalanisa. Amakholoni wepenguin wegolide onezinwele ezinkulu ngempela - kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyizigidi eziyi-2,5. Le yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu - ngababili abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11.5.

Lolu hlobo lwendlu yomndeni wepenguin futhi lufakiwe kuma-penguin e-genus crested. Ipenguin elahlekile ihlala enyakatho impela yesifunda. Lezi zinyoni zihlala esiQhingini saseFalkland, esiqhingini saseTierra del Fuego, ogwini oluseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika, esiQhingini sase-Auckland, eziqhingini zase-Antipode. Izindawo zezindawo ezinamadwala ziyindawo enamadwala eduze nedamu lamanzi ahlanzekile neminye imithombo yemvelo yemvelo. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Inani lama-penguin aqanjiwe liyancipha unyaka nonyaka. Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kwehle ngo-34%. EziQhingini zaseFalkland eminyakeni engama-60 edlule, inani lehle ngamaphesenti angama-90. Lokhu kuchazwa ukukhula kwezokuvakasha kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izimayini ze-squid zentengiso nazo ziyasiza ukunciphisa inani lalezi zipengu. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lunesimo sokukhathazeka.

Yize leli penguin lalibizwa ngokuthi "likhulu", alinakubizwa ngokuthi likhulu.

Futhi uma uyiqhathanisa ne-Emperor penguin, ukuphakama kwayo kungama-cm angama-120 futhi isisindo sayo singama-30 kg, khona-ke kungahle kubonakale kuncane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukukhula kwaleli penguin kungama-55 cm kuphela, futhi isisindo sawo singamakhilogremu amane.

Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokungafani okunjalo phakathi kwegama nokubukeka kwaleli penguin, livame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Snarish yegolide. Elinye igama i-pariin eqanjiwe. Kokubili kukhombisa ukuthi kungokwaluphi uhlobo kwalesi siqhingi saseSkyar. La ma-penguin ahlala lapha kuphela, endaweni encane, indawo engeqi kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-3.3.

Kepha yize indawo incane, kepha inezinzuzo eziningi ezakhamuzini zayo. Okokuqala, azikho izilwane ezidla ezinye. Okwesibili, izihlahlana eziningi nezihlahla zikhula ngaphansi lapho amapenguins angasonta izidleke. Akusikho ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi lesi siqhingi siyindawo yokugcina izilwane zasolwandle, ngakho-ke akukho ukungenelela kwabantu empilweni yamapengu. Ngokuya kwezibalo zesazi sebhayoloji kule ndawo encane, ngazimbili ezingamashumi amathathu kuya kwamathathu zama-penguin alesi sidalwa sezinhlobo.

I-Big Penguin: inhlanganisela enhle ye-Taxicoat emnyama enamashiya aphuzi.

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-penguin enkulu ama-crests aphuzi atholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo akhe. Njengezinye izinhlobo zepenguin, umhlane wakhe, ikhanda, amaphiko nomsila kumnyama nesisu sakhe simhlophe. I-Snarsky penguin inobuqhwaga obunamandla, isisekelo sayo simhlophe noma sipinki. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ipenguin 'ye-snar' epenguin yaseVictoria, ngoba eyokuqala inezihlathi ezimnyama kanti eyesibili inezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezikhula kubo. Abesilisa nabesifazane ngokusobala abahlukile komunye nomunye, ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa baphakeme kakhulu futhi basindayo.

Ukuziphatha kwala penguin kuyajabulisa ukubona, ngoba kuyahlekisa kakhulu, futhi noma benolaka. Isibonelo, uma i-penguin ibona isivakashi esingamenywanga endaweni yaso, khona-ke isakaza amaphiko ayo ngobubanzi, iqale ukubamba, futhi konke lokhu kuhambisana no-grunt. Ngakho-ke, i-penguin enesibindi izama ukwesabisa isitha. Kwezinye izimo, wenza isenzo esifanayo ngaphandle komsindo, mhlawumbe kubukeka kuye sengathi ubukeka embi ngokwedlulele.

Futhi maqondana nabalingani babo, ama-penguins ama-snarie a-crested ahle kakhulu. Sebebuyile ekondleni, baqala ukukhothana, insikazi ingeyokuqala, owesilisa uphendula iminsalo yakhe. Uma umlingani ebengekho endaweni ethile isikhathi eside, khona-ke, esebuyile, wenza omunye isiko: ubheka emehlweni alowo wesifazane, bese eguqa ikhanda lakhe bese ekhala kakhulu, ngenkathi elula umlomo wakhe. Owesifazane ephendula uphinda zonke izenzo zakhe. Ngokusobala, ngale ndlela baqaphela abashadayo komunye nomunye. Futhi uma abalingani bakukhumbula kakhulu, khona-ke bawufushisa umkhosi bese beshaya bese bekhothama ngasikhathi sinye.

Abesilisa, ngenkathi behambisa okhethiweyo wabo, banwebeka ekuphakameni kwabo okugcwele, befaka izifuba zabo, bese bezelula amaphiko abo, ngaleyo ndlela bezama ukuzifaka ngokwengeziwe amakhilogremu namasentimitha. Ngokubona kwabo, yindlela abanamathuba amaningi okujabulisa owesimame.

Ahlala kuphi ama-penguin amakhulu akhanyisiwe emvelweni?

Ama-penguins ama-Cute crested emvelweni atholakala eduze naseNew Zealand nase-Australia. Bancamela ukuhlela izidleke zabo kuma-Antipode, e-Auckland naseCampbell. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, azishiyi amanzi abandayo e-Antarctic.

Zihlala esidlekeni esikhulu kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-penguin aqanjiwe. Iziqhingi, ezikhethwa yizinyoni zomhlaba, zinamadwala, kunemihume eminingi emadwaleni efanelekayo ukwakha izidleke zepenguin. Kuse emihumeni enjalo lapho abazali abanemibala yesikhathi esizayo bazakhela ngokucophelela izindawo zokubopha inzalo.

I-Molting

Umzuzu othokozisayo kakhulu empilweni yamapenguins uyancibilika, lesi simo sikhishwa kakhulu, futhi basilungiselela ngoFebhuwari. Ngemuva kokuba amachwane ehambile esidlekeni, izinyoni ezindala ziyaqhekeka bese zishiya ukukhuluphala phambi kolwathi olwandle inyanga yonke. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, imindeni ibuye ihlangane futhi, lokhu kuholela emidlalweni yokuphelisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-molt yangempela iqala, ethatha izinsuku ezingama-28. Kuyinto ama-penguins ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa ahlukaniseki futhi achitha sonke isikhathi eduze kwesidleke. Maphakathi no-Ephreli, ukuvuselelwa kwezimpaphe sekuphothuliwe, futhi ama-penguins akhanyayo abuyele olwandle.

Bakhuluma kanjani?

Amapengu izinyoni, yize umhlaba. Labesifazane abanonile bayazi ukucula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthandana kwabantu besifazane, uma kunjalo, lezi “serenade” zokuguga zingabizwa ngokuthi izingoma. Izwi le-penguin likhona ukumemeza. Imidlalo yabo yokuphephisa ihambisana nemisindo ephansi ephindwa ngokulinganayo. Abahlabeleli abamnyama nabamhlophe “bacula” ngale ndlela kuphela phakathi nosuku, bangaze bezwe ukukhala kwabo ebusuku.

Ungalwa kanjani?

Ama-penguins amaduna, njengawo wonke amadoda, kwesinye isikhathi ayathanda ukulwa. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinsikazi noma lapho kufanele uvikele isidleke kubavakashi abangamenywanga. Izimbangi zethu ezihlasimulisayo zelula amakhanda azo zibheke phezulu nge-crst enjengempi yaphakanyiswa yayisusa ngapha nangapha. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi, abesilisa baqala "ukushaya", ngenkathi beguqa futhi behlikihla amahlombe abo.

Ngesikhathi sokulwa, openguins nge-grunt bakhothamisa amakhanda abo, bashayane ngeziqhingi nangezimpiko zamaphiko. Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa ngisho ukulunywa uma abalwa nabashubile bempi.

Leli penguin elikholwe kakhulu, isithombe siyisiqinisekiso salokhu, ngoba akubona bonke abathandi bemvelo abakwazi ukukhombisa ukubona lezi zidalwa endaweni yazo yemvelo. Kunobufakazi besayensi bokuthi eminyakeni engama-45 edlule inani lamaphengwini lehlile cishe ngengxenye. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu!

IUCN 3.1 Isengcupheni :

I-Rock Penguin (Ihlanganisiwe) (lat. I-Eudypte chrysocome ) - inyoni yomndeni wepenguin.

Indlela yokuphila

Abagibela amatshe ngokuvamile bakha amakoloni amakhulu kakhulu, bavame ukusebenzisa izisekelo zamadwala, amathafa asentabeni, izindawo ezigcwele amathafa asogwini. Eziqhingini ezinengqimba yenhlabathi ethuthukisiwe, bmba izidleke ezingamakhambi nemisele yangempela, imvamisa ngaphansi kwezintaba eziphakeme ezakhiwe ngotshani obungapheli. Izilokotho zifakwe amatshe abilayo, utshani, amathambo amancane.

Ama-penguins akhuphukayo adla nge-krill namanye ama-crustaceans. Bathola ukudla kwabo ohambweni losuku oluya olwandle.

Ama-penguins amatshe ayizinyoni zenhlalo futhi akuvamile ukuba atholakale. Amakoloni abo maningi kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, anolaka kakhulu. Izinyoni ziziphatha ngomsindo, zikhipha ukukhala okukhulu okubiza ozakwethu noma kumemezele ukuthi insimu ihlaselwe. Esinye isenzo - ukunikina ikhanda, esinombala ophuzi - kuyasiza nokuheha. Ukuphumula, ama-penguins afihla amakhanda abo ngaphansi kwephiko. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-penguins climbers ashiya ikholoni futhi ayohlala izinyanga ezingama-3-5 olwandle, ondla amanoni. Izimpiko zazo zifana namaphiko futhi zisiza ukubhukuda kahle, kepha azivumelaniswa nezindiza. Ama-penguin akhuphukayo ahlala emadwaleni asogwini, abambelela ezinkalweni zotshani obude, lapho abemba khona izimbobo futhi enza izidleke. Baheha izivakashi eziningi eFalklands futhi okuhehayo okuyisiqhingi. Ukudoba okungalawulwa kunciphisa amaphinifa okudla, enye into evimba ukwanda kwabantu ukungcola kwamanzi yi-oyile nemfucuza yayo.

Isikhathi sokuphila sabagibeli be-penguin siyiminyaka eyi-10.

Amanothi

Kucashunwe kuCrested Penguin

Lolu hlobo lwendlu yomndeni wepenguin futhi lufakiwe kuma-penguin e-genus crested. Ipenguin elahlekile ihlala enyakatho impela yesifunda. Lezi zinyoni zihlala esiQhingini saseFalkland, esiqhingini saseTierra del Fuego, ogwini oluseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika, esiQhingini sase-Auckland, eziqhingini zase-Antipode. Izindawo zezindawo ezinamadwala ziyindawo enamadwala eduze nedamu lamanzi ahlanzekile neminye imithombo yemvelo yemvelo. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-48-62. Isisindo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3.4 kg. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zifinyelela isisindo esingama-4.5 kg. Amapayipi awavunyelwe amanzi. Izimpaphe zifinyelela kubude obungu-2,5-2.9 cm.Ngemuva labameleli balezinhlobo buluhlaza-bumnyama, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe ngetinge elincane eliphuzi. Ikhanda limnyama.

Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lunombala onsomi obomvu. Amehlo mancane futhi abomvu okumnyama, imilenze ibomvana, ibekwe emva komzimba. Izimpiko zincanyana futhi zifana namaphiko. Isici esiphawuleka ngalezi zinyoni yizimpaphe ezinde ezingafaniyo emakhanda aso. Ziya ngokusuka oqhweni bese ziphela ngamabhulashi ngemuva kwamehlo. Umbala wabo uphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi uphuzi-mhlophe.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Lolu hlobo luhlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu, ezingaba izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Imibhangqwana eminyene. Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngezinyanga zikaSepthemba- Novemba. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-2 asayizi ahlukile. I-hatching chick, njengomthetho, iphuma iqanda elikhudlwana.

Isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-33. Amaqanda abesilisa nabesifazane abalandelayo. Esiswini esingezansi sama-penguins akhanyayo kukhona indawo yesikhumba engenazo izimpaphe. Inikeza ukuhanjiswa okushisa kusuka emzimbeni kuya emaqanda. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, iduna lihlala nenzalo phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-25, lowesifazane athole ukudla azondle. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izinkukhu zihlanganiswa ngamaqembu amancane "ezinkulisa". Kukhona lapho aze akhule ngokugcwele.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinyoni ezindala zibutha izinqolobane ezinamafutha futhi zilungiselela ukuncibilika konyaka. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25. Ngalesi sikhathi, abamele izinhlobo bayiguqula ngokuphelele iplamu yabo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, basuka ezweni bachitha izinyanga zobusika olwandle. Babuyela ogwini ukuze baqale ukuzalanisa futhi. Endle, i-penguin elahlekile ihlala iminyaka eyi-10-12.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Isici esimangazayo sabamele izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo ukuthi, ukunqoba izithiyo, azihambi ngesisu futhi azivuki ngosizo lwamaphiko, njengoba kwenza amanye amapengu. Bazama ukugxuma phezu kodonga nemifantu. Zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nempilo yasolwandle. Zinemizimba ehambisanayo namaphiko aqinile, okunomthelela ekuhambeni okusheshayo emanzini. Ukudla kuqukethe ama-krill namanye ama-crustaceans. Ama-squid, octopus, inhlanzi nazo ziyadliwa. Izinyamazane ezimbiwa phansi, zingakwazi ukungena ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Inani lama-penguin aqanjiwe liyancipha unyaka nonyaka. Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, kwehle ngo-34%. EziQhingini zaseFalkland eminyakeni engama-60 edlule, inani lehle ngamaphesenti angama-90. Lokhu kuchazwa ukukhula kwezokuvakasha kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izimayini ze-squid zentengiso nazo ziyasiza ukunciphisa inani lalezi zipengu. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lunesimo sokukhathazeka.

Isigcawu:Njenge-penguin Umndeni:Penguin Ubulili:Ama-penguins ahlanganisiwe Buka:I-Great Crested Penguin Igama lesi Latin Ama-Eudypte sclateri
(I-Buller,)

Incazelo

Lesi yisisindo somzimba wepenguin ophakathi kuka-65-65 cm, isisindo cishe ngo-4-5 kg. Abesifazane baphansi kakhulu ngosayizi kuya kwabesilisa. Amachwane amnyama ansundu avela phezulu amhlophe ngezansi. Amapheya e-penguin emuva, amaphiko nekhanda kumnyama, i-chin, umphimbo nezihlathi kumhlophe. Izimpaphe ezimbili ophuzi ophuzi zivela emakhaleni ngamehlo abomvu amnyama eduze komqhele emuva. Amachwane asekhulile ahlukile kancane kubantu abadala .. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isiphambano esiphuzi ekhanda sincane ngosayizi kunakwabadala.

Uhlukaniswa kwamanye ama-penguins akhanyisiwe ngekhono lokuhambisa ingubo yakhe yensipho.

Ukubhebhetheka

Ihlala eduze nase-Australia naseNew Zealand, izidleke eziqhingini zase-Antipode, Bounty, Campbell nase-Auckland.

Isibalo sanamuhla sinamabhangqa angama-200,000 futhi samukelwa njengezinzile.

Indlela yokuphila

Ukuzala

La ma-penguin aphakathi kwezinhlobo zomphakathi. Banemisiko ethokozisayo yokuathandana ehambisana nemisindo ephindaphindwayo ephansi - "ingoma". Ukukhala kwe-penguin kuphindwa ngejubane elifanayo, futhi kunemisindo efanayo. Ukukhala kwepenguin kuzwakala kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini. AmaChickes abiza nabazali bawo ngezikhalo, kepha “ingoma” yabo imfushane futhi ayinkimbinkimbi kangako, futhi iculwa ngamanothi aphezulu. Ipenguin enkulu efuywayo emikhakheni emikhulu. Abesilisa bavame ukubuyela kumasayithi abo okudlela emasontweni amabili ngaphambili kunabesifazane. Ukuqala kwesizini yokuphawula kukhonjiswa imisebenzi engavamile, kufaka phakathi ukulwa. I-Nesting itholakala engxenyeni eyisicaba yamawa angabi ngaphezu kwama-70 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Owesifazane uqobo uzakhela isidleke, ekhipha amagwababa ngaphansi kwawo. Owesilisa ubeka isidleke ngamatshe, ngodaka notshani. Amaqanda abekwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, ukubekwa kuthatha izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu, ngaleso sikhathi lowesifazane engadli lutho.

Kunamaqanda amabili ku-clutch, iqanda lesibili likhulu kunelokuqala. Umbala wamaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma uluhlaza okotshani, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba nsundu. Kusukela lapho kubekwa iqanda lesibili, ukufakwa kokubeletha kuqala, okuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35. Iqanda lokuqala, njengomthetho, aliphili, (ezimweni ezingama-98%) ukuze ama-penguins agcobhoze iqanda elilodwa kuphela.

Ezinyangeni zobusika, ipenguin ayishiyi amanzi apholile we-Subantarctic, kepha lapho echitha khona impela sonke lesi sikhathi ayikasungulwa. Imvamisa izidleke emakoloni kanye nolunye uhlobo lwe-penguin ekhanyisiwe. Iziqhingi ezinamadwala ziningi emigedeni eminingi efaneleyo ukuthola izidleke. Kukhona imifino encane kubo, imvamisa nezihlahla eziphansi.

Zivuyisana: ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokubekwa kwamaqanda, insikazi ishiya isidleke, owesilisa aqhubeke nokuqapha. Kuhlala amasonto amathathu kuya amane, sonke lesi sikhathi i-penguin iyashesha. Lapho-ke amachwane adonsela ukukhanya. Insikazi ibuyela emachwaneni ntambama ukuyondla, igobe ukudla. NgoFebhuwari, i-plumage isivele ivela emachwaneni futhi ashiya iziqhingi azizala.

Izinsongo

Inani le-penguin enkulu elahlekile, ngokusho kwe-IUCN, lisengozini. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi eminyakeni engamashumi amane nanhlanu edlule, inani labantu lehlile cishe isigamu. Lokhu kungenxa yezidleke zangokwezifiso eziqithini ezithile kuphela. Izinhlobo zihlelwe njengoba zisengcupheni kwi-Red Book.

Bhala isibuyekezo esihlokweni esithi "Great Crested Penguin"

Amanothi

Kucashunwe eGreat Crested Penguin

"Kodwa akulungile, baba." - Bengithukuthele.
"Ngabe ubhekisisa abangane bakho besikole - ingabe bavame ukusho okubhaliwe?" - Benginamahloni. wayesephinda futhi elungile, njengakwejwayelekile. - Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abazali babo babafundisa ukuba yizitshudeni eziyisibonelo nje nezilalelayo futhi bathole amamaki amahle. Kepha abafundisi ukucabanga. Mhlawumbe ngoba bezingazicabangeli bona uqobo. Noma mhlawumbe ngoba ukwesaba sekufakwa kakhulu kubo. Ngakho-ke bashukumise ukukhishwa kwabo, Svetlenaya wami, ukuze ngizitholele ngokwami ​​okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe - amamaki akho, noma ukucabanga kwakho.
"Kepha ukhona ongasaba ukucabanga, baba." Ngemuva kwakho konke, akekho owezwa imicabango yethu. Yini okufanele yesabe?
- Abezwa. Kepha umcabango ngamunye ovuthiwe ubumba ukwazi kwakho, okukhanyayo. Futhi uma imicabango yakho ishintsha, uyobe ushintsha nabo. Futhi uma imicabango yakho ilungile, khona-ke ingahle kakhulu, abantu abaningi abayithandi. Akubona bonke abantu bathanda ukucabanga, uyabona. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukusibeka emahlombe abanye, njengawe, futhi bona ngokwabo bahlala "baphethe" kuphela izifiso zabanye impilo yabo yonke. Futhi injabulo kubo, uma "abacabangi" abafanayo bengalwi emzabalazweni wamandla, ngoba-ke umdlalo awuseyona amanani weqiniso abantu, kepha ngamanga, ukuqhosha, udlame, kanye nobugebengu, uma bafuna ukuqeda labo abacabanga nabo " ngaphandle kwendawo. " Ngakho-ke, ukucabanga kungaba yingozi enkulu, ukukhanya kwami. Futhi konke kuncike ekutheni uzokwesaba yini noma ukuthi ungathanda udumo lwakho lwesintu ukwesabe.
Ngakhuphuka ngaya kubaba wami kusofa futhi ngangena eduze kwakhe, ngilingisa (ngingajabule kakhulu) uGrishka. Eduzane nobaba wami, ngangizizwa ngilondekile kakhulu futhi kunokuthula. Kwakubonakala sengathi akukho lutho olubi olungasifinyelela, ngathi akukho lutho olubi olungangehlela lapho sengiseduze kwakhe. Yikuphi, ngeqiniso, bekungeke kushiwo nge-Grishka ephazamisekile, ngoba wayebuye ancome amahora awachitha nobaba futhi awakwazanga ukuma lapho umuntu ehlasela la mahora. Ungikhumbula ngokungabi nobungane futhi nangayo yonke indlela abukeka ngayo kukhombisa ukuthi kungcono ngiphume lapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngihleke futhi nginqume ukumshiya ngijabule ngithokozela ubumnandi engibathandayo kuye, ngaya ukuyolula okuncane - ukudlala egcekeni nabafana abangomakhelwane emabhokisini eqhwa.
Ngazibala izinsuku namahora asele ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwami ​​kweshumi, ngizizwa ngathi “sengikhulile impela”, kodwa, ngehlazo lami elikhulu, angikwazanga ukukhohlwa “isimanga sami sokuzalwa” ngomzuzu, okuyinto, eyayingeyona neze into ngilingana ngokufana "nobudala" bami abuzange bungeze.
Mina, njengabo bonke abantwana emhlabeni, ngangithanda izipho. Manje, sekuphele izinsuku, wazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka kube yini, okuyinto, ngokuya ngogogo wami, ngokuzethemba okunjalo ngabe kufanele ukuthi ngiyithande.
Kepha ukulinda akubanga isikhathi eside, futhi kungekudala kwaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele ukuthi bekufanele kakhulu ukukwenza ...
Ekugcineni, usuku lwami “lokuzalwa” lwafika, bekubandayo, kukhanye futhi kunelanga, njengoba kufanele kube seholidini langempela. Umoya “waqhuma” emakhazeni ngezinkanyezi ezinemibala futhi ngokoqobo “wakhala”, okuphoqa abahamba ngezinyawo ukuba bahambe ngokushesha kunokwejwayelekile. Sonke, ukuphuma siyongena egcekeni, bekuphefumula kakhulu, futhi “konke kuphila” kusithele umusi nxazonke, kumnandi ukwenza wonke umuntu abukeke njengezinjini ezinemibala enamabala amaningi aphuthuma ezinhlangothini ezihlukile.
Ngemuva kokudla kwasekuseni, angikwazanga ukuhlala ngithule ngiye “kumsila” kukamama, ngilinde lapho ngizogcina ngibone khona ukuthi “isimanga” sami ebesilindwe isikhathi eside. Ngamangala lapho umama ehamba nami siye komakhelwane bangqongqoza emnyango. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umakhelwane wethu wayengumuntu omuhle kakhulu, ubudlelwano angaba nabo ngosuku lwami lokuzalwa lwaba imfihlakalo kimi.

I-Crested penguin (i-rock penguin, i-Eudyptes chrysocome) - uhlobo lwenyoni yokubhukuda yamapengu ohlobo lwe-genus, lubandakanya okumbalwa okulandelayo: i-penguin yaseningizimu (i-Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome), i-penguin ye-East crested penguin (i-Eudyptes chrysocome filholi chiocyudy), inyakatho. Izingosi eziseningizimu zitholakala esiQhingini saseFalkland, ogwini lwase-Argentina naseChile, empumalanga - eziqhingini zaseMarion, iPrince Edward, iCrophe, iKerguelen, iShithi, iMacDonald, iMacquarie, iCampbell naseziqhingini zase-Antipode, enyakatho - eziqhingini zaseTristan da Cugna, eSanta. -Iziqhingi zasePaul nase-Amsterdam.

Le penguin enhle impela: ukuphakama 55-62 cm, isisindo esingu-2-3 kg. Umbala ujwayelekile kuma-penguins: i-blue-black back nesisu esimhlophe. Amachwane amnyama namnyama grey emuva futhi amhlophe ngaphambili. Ekhanda lezinyoni ezindala kukhona “amashiya” amincane aphuzi enamakhanga, ikakhulukazi amade kanye nama-shaggy kwizinyoni zeziqhingi zaseTristan da Cugna. Amehlo abomvu, umlomo omfushane we-convex ubomvu onsundu. Amaphayi apinki, amafushane, atholakala ngemuva komzimba, eduze emuva. Amapayipi awavunyelwe amanzi, izimpaphe ziba 2, 9 cm ubude.

Amapengu ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile akha amakoloni amakhulu, esebenzisa iziqaqa zamadwala, umfula wethala, indawo yemithambeka yasogwini, evame ukuhlangana ne-albatrosses. Eziqhingini ezinengqimba yenhlabathi ethuthukisiwe, bmba izidleke ezingamakhambi nemisele yangempela, imvamisa ngaphansi kwezintaba eziphakeme ezakhiwe ngotshani obungapheli. Izilokotho zifakwe amatshe abilayo, utshani, amathambo amancane. Imvamisa sebenzisa isidleke esisodwa iminyaka eminingana.

Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe adinga amanzi amasha, ngakho-ke avame ukudlekwa eduze kwemizimba yamanzi nemithombo emisha. Ukuzala kabusha kuqala ngoSepthemba-Okthoba enyakatho, ngoNovemba-Disemba eningizimu yebanga. Ama-penguin ama-Crested ayizinto ezesabekayo. Amabili amafomu iminyaka eminingi. Imvamisa insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili, angavamile amaqanda amathathu, ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingama-4-5. Iqanda lokuqala linesisindo esingama-80 g, elesibili lifinyelela ku-10 g. Ngokuvamile kuvama ithoyizi elilodwa kuphela. Ezidlangalaleni zamaphinifa asenyakatho nasempumalanga, amachwane amabili asesifubeni awekho. Emapenguins aseningizimu acashile, womabili amaphuphu angaphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Lapho esebeke iqanda, insikazi ilidlulisela kowesilisa, oyifihla ku-crease esiswini sakhe futhi angahlali nayo ngaso sonke isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni, okuthatha izinyanga ezi-4. Njengoba sesifinyelele emavikini ayi-10 ubudala, molt omncane futhi sifane nabantu abadala.

Ama-penguins ama-rock adla nge-krill, amanye ama-crustaceans, nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa amaqanda, owesilisa akawashiyi umhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi owesifazana uthatha indawo yakhe, kwesinye isikhathi uzifaka ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi sokufakwa.Ubuye afudumele izinsana, futhi uma insikazi ingaveli ngesikhathi nengxenye yokuphakelayo, owesilisa udlisa amachwane ubisi “lwepenguin”, olwakheka ngenxa yokugaya ukudla.

Ama-penguin ahlanganisiwe awatholakali kalula. Amakholoni abo maningi. Naphezu kosayizi wazo omncane, ama-penguin aqanjiwe anolaka. Izinyoni ziziphatha kamnandi, zikhala kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-penguin aqotshwe ashiya ikoloni futhi achithe izinyanga ezingama-3-5 olwandle, eba namafutha.

Ama-penguin aheha izivakashi eziQhingini zaseFalkland futhi okukhanga kakhulu kulezi ziqhingi. Ukudoba okungalawulwa kunciphisa amaphinifa okudla, enye into evimba ukwanda kwabantu ukungcola kwamanzi yi-oyile nemfucuza yayo. Kwezinye iziqhingi, ama-penguin aqanjiwe ahlushwa izingulube ezethulwa ngabantu, izinja, izimpungushe. Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-penguin aqoshwe kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-25.