Kubukeka kumuntu oqala ukuzithola esehlathini laseNingizimu Melika esondele kakhulu ezwa ukubhonga kwengonyama noma isilwane esithile esikhulu nesesabekayo. Futhi imvamisa uyamangala kakhulu lapho ezwa ukuthi le misindo eyethusayo ayenziwanga ngumdlangi omkhulu, kepha yenziwa yinkawu encane efudumele. Ubizwa, ukuhlonipha ukukhala kwakhe okukhulu, ukumemeza.
Ama-Howler akuzona izilwane eziyingozi nakancane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, yizinkawu zezihlahla ezinokuthula. Ukubona lesi sidalwa, umuntu angamangala ukuthi kungani kufanele ashicilele isilokotho esikhulayo.
AmaHitats, izinhlobo zezikhwanyana
Howler (Aloautta) - abamele umndeni wezinkawu ezinama-chain-tailed (capuchins). Banokusatshalaliswa kwendalo okubanzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkawu zeNew World. Kutholakala kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho yeArgentina. Hlala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, ama-mangroves, ama-savannah asehlathini. Akhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Uncamela ihlosi elingaphansi nephakathi kwehlathi.
Emndenini wabo, abakhalayo yizinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bomzimba wabo ngokuya ngezinhlobo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-63 cm, isisindo singafinyelela ku-9 kg. Ijazi lalezi zinhlobo lide impela, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya obomvu kuya komnyama.
Umsila mude kunomzimba. Ngokuvamile, umsila udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: inkawu uyisebenzisa njengesandla esengeziwe (uyayibamba ngegatsha, ayibambe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, njll.). Inamandla futhi iqinile kangangokuba okhalazayo angakwazi ukugoqa ifindo ngensila yomsila wakhe azibambe abheke phansi isikhathi eside.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezi-6 kuhlobo lwe-Aloautta.
1) I-Central American Howler (i-Alouatta pigra)
Kwenzeka e-Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), eGuatemala, Belize.
Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Ijazi linamabala amnyama, limnyama.
2) I-Colombian Howler (i-Alouatta coibensis)
Ihlala eMelika Ephakathi.
Ijazi lisuka elinsundu liye kumnyama, linentambo yegolide emuva, ezinhlangothini zomphetho ophuzi onsundu womzimba
I-3) I-Red Howler (i-Alouatta seniculus)
Kwenzeka kusuka enyakatho neColombia kuye maphakathi neBolivia.
Ijazi linombala onsundu, isisu silula, isilevu simnyama.
4) Ukuhlaselwa okubomvu okuhlomile (i-Alouatta belzebul)
Ihlala eningizimu ye-Amazonia kusuka eMfuleni iMadeira kuya ogwini lwe-Atlantic.
Umbala wejazi usuka kumnyama-nsundu uye kumnyama, amachilo nesihloko somsila kubomvu.
5) UBrown Howler (Alouatta guariba)
Kuhlala ugu lwe-Atlantic lwaseBrazil.
Ijazi linombala omnyama, onsundu noma obomvu okumnyama, izinsikazi zilula kunezabesilisa.
6) I-Black Howler (i-Alouatta caraya)
Kutholakala eningizimu yeBrazil, eBolivia naseArgentina.
Abesilisa bamnyama ngokuphelele, izintokazi ezinombala onsundu.
Ukudla
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwe-Howler ngamahlamvu. Izihlahla ezishisayo zimbozwe ngamahlamvu aminyene unyaka wonke, ngakho azinankinga yokuthola ukudla.
Ngamahlamvu amaningi kangaka, umuntu angamangala ukuthi kungani ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zingazange zidle amaqabunga. Kuyiqiniso, iningi lezinduna ezishisayo alizidli amaqabunga ngamanani anjengokukhalaza, futhi ezinye azizidli nhlobo.
Kepha amaqabunga anomdwebo obaluleke kakhulu - angamakhalori aphansi. Ukuze wandise amandla abo okubuyisa, abakhahlayo kufanele bakhethe kakhulu. Babheka kuphela amapheshana amancane, angumthombo wamandla owusizo ngokwengeziwe.
Ngamaqabunga enhlokomo yodwa angahlala amasonto ambalwa, kodwa uma kunokwenzeka, adla izithelo nezimbali.
Ama-Howler kufanele alandele umbuso oqinile wokonga amandla, ohambisana nokudla kwawo kilojoule ephansi. Abachithi amandla abo ngeze: isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zilala noma ziphumula nje, bese zinikela isikhathi esisele ekudleni.
Abakwa Howler bakhombisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi phakathi kobulili. Umsebenzi wabesilisa ukuvikela umhlambi ezilwaneni futhi uxazulule izingxabano phakathi kwezihlobo. Ngokukhala kwabo okukhulu nangokungathi yimpi, bafuna amalungelo ezihlahla zezithelo phakathi kwensimu. Abesifazane, okwamanje, bazibophezele ngokuphelele ekunakekeleni inzalo.
Kungani bebubula?
Ukukhala kwalezi zinkawu kubhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu embusweni wezilwane. Zingazwakala nge-1,6 km. UCharles Darwin waveza ukuthi kuma-vertebrates, owesilisa omemeza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukhombisa amandla akhe futhi uheha ukunakwa kwenani elikhulu kakhulu labesifazane. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kuqinisekisiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamasele, kodwa maqondana nabahlaba umkhosi, kunobufakazi obuncane bokusekela lokhu.
Ngokomunye umbono, umhlambi wabahlokoma ngokukhala kwabo uthi amalungelo emithini yezithelo. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kubonakala kuyiqiniso, kodwa izakhiwo zokuvela kwe-growl zidinga ukufundelwa okuqhubekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundo zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika ziye zenziwa ekuwuleni kwempilo yabahlisi abaphendula le mibuzo.
Abahlebayo bakhipha ukukhala kwabo okufana nempi, bevunguza emoyeni ngethambo lendlu ekhulisiwe emisebeni yabo. I-cartilage ye-laryngeal emadodeni inkulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Imisindo eyenziwe ngabesilisa bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene incike ngosayizi we-cartilage. I-male ginger howler ine-cartilage enkulu yama-laryngeal kune-Colombian Howler. Ukukhala kowokuqala kufana nokubulawelwa okujulile, kanti owesibili ufana nokugquma.
Bonke abesilisa bomhlambi wezinkomo bahambisa ngaphambi kokusa "ukucula ngokwezimo", lapho abesilisa bezinye izinkomo baphendula khona. Izindawo ezihlatshwe yimihlambi yabelukeli zigcizelela ingxenye yezindawo zezinye imihlambi. Lapho abesilisa bekhala ekuseni, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umhlambi uthuthela endaweni entsha yokondla, ngaleyo ndlela badlulisa imininingwane ephathelene nokuthi baphi ezinkomeni ezingomakhelwane.
Lapho imihlambi emibili ihlangana, kuphakama i-din engenakucatshangwa. Bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi abesilisa abadala, baqala ukubhonga, bagxume, bagijime, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bayalwa. Abesifazane abavela kuzo zombili lezi zinkomo bayashesha ukusakazeka futhi kwesinye isikhathi balahleke ehlathini. Ngokusobala, ukuze kugwenywe ukuqina okungadingekile phakathi kwezinkomo, abesilisa bayabhonga.
Abathengayo banesikhundla phakathi kwezinkomo ezahlukahlukene. Kususelwa ezimfanelweni zokulwa nokuxhumana kwabesilisa abadala. Ukulalela ukubhonga kwabesilisa bezinkomo ezinamandla, ababuthakathaka bangagwema ukushayisana naye futhi basindise amandla abo. Kepha umhlambi oqinile ngasikhathi sinye uyazuza, ngoba amalungu awo akufanele avikele izihlahla zezithelo.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yokububula ukusiza izinkawu zisebenzisa indawo yazo yokuphila ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi zingabi nokushoda kokudla.
Izici ze-monkey Howler nendawo yokuhlala
Monkey Howler - Enye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eBrazil. Uthole igama lakhe ngokusuka enhliziyweni athukelokho kuzwakala amakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke. Kuya nge indawo yokuhlala, ijazi lingaba bomvu, likhanye noma libe nsundu, libe mnyama ngombala.
Akunazinwele emhlolweni, umhlathi ubanzi impela, welulwa kancane phambili. I-primate inama-fangs ahlaba umxhwele, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukhukhunathi futhi uphuze ubisi noma ujusi.
Ingxenye engezansi yesizalo ihlanganiswa ngentshebe ehlanzekile. Iwashi ngalinye linezihlakala ezinhlanu eziyishumi. Ukuphela komsila kuyimpandla ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo njalo; ama-scallops namaphethini wamaphethini atholakala kulo lonke ubude.
Izwe elibhekwa njengeCentral and South America. Inkawu ihlala emahlathini emvula aminyene. Uthanda ukuhlangana phakathi kwamathanga egatsha. Ungumuntu omuhle kakhulu, futhi umsila wakhe ungashukumiseka.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda ukuhlala egatsheni futhi badlale izingoma ezinomsindo. Ngaleyo ndlela, kwenze umlaleli athuke, futhi wanikeza izihlobo uphawu lwensimu yazo.
Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu monkey -iyiCentral American (ihlala enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika neMexico) nebomvu (iGuiana neVenezuela). Ubude bomzimba buqala ku-40 kuye ku-70 cm, umsila unobude obungama-50-75 cm, unesisindo esingama-10 kg.
Ijazi eliminyene eligcwele umzimba wonke. Umbala ungaba bomvu, kwesinye isikhathi uphenduke umnyama. Amadoda ajwayele ukuba nentshebe, athande ukuwagwaza, kube sengathi acabanga. Izinsikazi zincanyana kancane kusuka kwabesilisa.
Khethekile ukhalelani monkey ngenxa yokuba khona kwezikhwama zomphimbo. Baqoqa amathe nomoya, lapho sebedonsa umoya, baxuba, bese kuthi ekutholeni umoya kubhungulwe ubhongho. Okuthile njengabalingisi bemvelaphi yemvelo.
Ufuna ukwazi konke
Uyazi ukuthi isimanga esihle kunazo zonke yimonkey monkey? Ummeleli waseColombia kanye nommemezeli omkhulu walezi zilwane amahlandla amaningi wake wethusa abanqobi. Yebo, yebo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele - okhalazayo walibiza igama lakhe ngesizathu. Lesi silwane saziwa ngokubhonga kwaso isikhathi eside nangokuzwakalayo. Umsindo uvame ukwenza umsindo ekuseni nantambama. Ukukhala kuqalwa ngabesilisa, kanti nabesifazane bavame ukuthathe isifiso sabantu abakhalayo.
AbakwaHowler bangabameli abakhulu kakhulu bomndeni we-monkey-tailed, ngenye indlela obizwa ngokuthi ama-capuchins. Imisebenzi esemqoka empilweni yenziwa ngezindlela ezi-2: ukondla nokubhonga. Ebusuku, izinkawu zilala. Kuliqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi bayabhonga ephupheni. Umbiko ngalezi zilwane ezihehayo manje usuzwakele.
Howler (lat.Aloautta) - uhlobo lwezinkawu ezibanzi ezinemibala yomndeni wakwa-Arachnids (Atelidae). Bahlala emahlathini emvula nasezintabeni zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, bahlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni. Ama-Howler ahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangu-15-18. Ukudla okujwayelekile kungamaqabunga, izithelo namahlamvu. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu yi-ginger howler (iVenezuela neGuiana) neCentral American Howler (iMexico kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika).
Ukungena, cishe amehlo abantu, kungathi ukungena phakathi ekujuleni komphefumulo. Kubukeka sengathi isilwane siyayiqonda le ndlela engenisa ngayo igama elilodwa. Zilungele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya, kepha zizizwa zigodliwe futhi kaningi zimane zilusizi. Kungcono uma inkawu ekhalayo ihlala kwiphakethe eligcwele impilo, hhayi ekheji.
Imonkey monkey ingenye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eBrazil. Yathola igama laso ngokukhamuluka kwenhliziyo okuzwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ijazi lingathola umbala obomvu, okhanyayo noma onsundu, umbala omnyama.
Akunazinwele emhlolweni, umhlathi ubanzi impela, welulwa kancane phambili. I-primate inama-fangs ahlaba umxhwele, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukhukhunathi futhi uphuze ubisi noma ujusi. Ingxenye engezansi yesizalo ihlanganiswa ngentshebe ehlanzekile. Iwashi ngalinye linezihlakala ezinhlanu eziyishumi. Ukuphela komsila kuyimpandla ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo njalo; ama-scallops namaphethini asetshenzisiwe atholakala kulo lonke ubude.
Ukukhala kwenkawu ekhalayo kubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-sacs womphimbo. Baqoqa amathe nomoya, lapho sebedonsa umoya, baxuba, bese kuthi ekutholeni umoya kubhungulwe ubhongho. Okuthile njengabalingisi bemvelaphi yemvelo.
Imonkey monkey isilwane esizolile ngokwemvelo, esisebenza ngesikhathi selanga losuku. Ukukhathazeka kwabo kwansuku zonke kuwukuvakasha kwendawo, futhi ngokusobala ungadla okumnandi. Ebusuku balala ngokugcwele, kepha abanye besilisa abayeki ukuklabalasa ebusuku. Izibalo zihlala emiphakathini yemindeni, esukela kwabangu-15 kuye kwabangu-17.
Eqenjini kuhlale kukhona owesilisa ovelele noyiphini lakhe, banabantu besifazane abaningana abanakho. Le ntokazi ngokwayo ikwazisa ngokulungela ukuhlangana ngocansi. Uma owesilisa omkhulu engakulungele, ubese eshintshela kumsizi. Kuyagquma ukuthi abesilisa abalukelayo bakubeke kucace ukuthi le yindawo yabo. Noma kunjalo, akukho sigaba esicacile, kuvame izimpi phakathi kwamakhanda amaqembu. Ezimpini ezinjalo ezingalingani, amadoda amaningi ayafa. Ukulwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi insikazi idonsela ukunakekela kowesilisa eqenjini elingumakhelwane. Izimpi zinamandla kakhulu, futhi ophumelele uhlala eqeda ohlukunyeziwe.
Muva nje, ososayensi bashicilele imiphumela yocwaningo lokubhonga komphimbo komuntu okhalayo. Bathi ithambo le-hyoid lisebenza njenge-resonator. Lapho likhulu, liba namandla nokugquma. Ososayensi baphinde baxhuma ukuxhumana okuxakile phakathi kwesisindo somsindo nosayizi wezitho zangasese zeso sici. Uma isilwane sikhonkotha isikhathi eside, khona-ke lokhu kukhuluma ngamakhono hhayi akhethekile, njengowesilisa. Ngokubhonga okungapheli ubiza insikazi futhi.
Ama-inveterate amaduna afinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. Umsila wazo ungubukhulu obufanayo. Inokubukeka okungajwayelekile: engxenyeni engaphansi yomsila ngaphakathi kukhona uzungu ngaphandle kanoboya obunamaphethini nama-combs esikhunjeni. Ngenxa yazo, izinkawu ezihawukayo zenza ukunyakaza okunjalo ngomsila wazo, kube sengathi yengezwe lengalo. Ngosizo lwayo, babamba futhi bakha izithelo, amaqabunga, ngobumnene nangokuhlolisisa "bahlole" isihlobo, bacindezele izingane. Umsila unamandla kangangokuba ungasekela isisindo somzimba wesilwane lapho ulenga phansi phansi. Amaphethelo aphansi nangaphezulu wabasiziba baneminwe eyishumi neshumi eshukumayo enamazipho acwebile.
Uma ubheka izinkawu ezihlabayo, okokuqala, unaka ikhanda ngobuso obungenazinwele nentshebe. Is sac esandisiwe se-laryngeal sibuye siphawuleke. "Izambatho" zazo zivele ngokufana ne-mane emnyama, nsundu, nebomvu, ne-zethusi obomvu obomvu. Amachaphaza anamandla nemihlathi ekhombisa ukuqhubekela phambili, yenza umuntu owesabekayo esikhundleni sakhe.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwenkawu ekhalayo kunguhlaza oluhle lwezihlahla, izimbali, izithelo, izithelo, ukuqhakaza okusha kanye namahlumela. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabuka ukuthi leyakudala ifaka kanjani inhlabathi emlonyeni wakhe.
Ngalokhu, uzama ukuguqula impahla enobuthi yezitshalo ezithile. Amaminerali enhlabathi aqoqa izinto ezinobuthi futhi, ngaphandle kokulimaza, akhishwa emzimbeni. Njengoba lezi zinkawu zingama-imifino, futhi ukudla kwezitshalo kunganiki amandla amaningi, azihambi amabanga amade. Amandla wonke ayabongwa ngamakhonsathi ansuku zonke. Ungaqaphela ukuthi izinkawu zakha kanjani izimbobo ezincane esiqwini sesihlahla bese zincela ujusi, zinothe ngezinto (izakhi zomzimba), amavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo.
Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi iphila impilo esecashile kancane, izama ukuzivikela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ine-fetus yezinsuku ezingama-190, kuyaqabukela kunamawele. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ingane ibambelela esambeni sikamama bese iphila ngokoqobo kuyo. Iwundla elivuthiwe aliphuthumi ukushiya umzali futhi lingahamba naye kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24. Owesifazane wondla ingane ngobisi lwebele, ungumama omuhle kakhulu - onakekelayo futhi olalelayo. Uma ingane ihambile isikhashana, khona-ke umzali uhlala ezwakala naye. Lapho ingane ifinyelela ebusheni, umama uye afune ukuyixosha ukuze ayixoshe. Ukubona akukuhle, ngoba inkawu ilwela njalo ukubuya, ungabona ngisho nezinyembezi. Imvamisa izinsizwa ezincane zenkawu ekhexayo zimane zixoshwe emaqenjini azo endabuko ukuze kungabi nhlobo. Akukona kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane zife ezimpini ezinolaka.
Ondatshana baveza isimo sabo sokusekela nothando ngokushaya umsila wabo omude. Bazisebenzisa lapho bethandana futhi njengokunakekela ingane enamahloni. Umbono omnandi umugqa wezinkawu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, zikhala ngemilomo evulekile, zinika ikhonsathi yasekuseni.
Habitat
Lolu hlobo lwezinkawu lutholakala emahlathini anomswakama wezintaba ezingxenyeni zeCentral and Latin America. Bahlala emihlambini emikhulu. Kaningi ziyabonakala ezihlahleni ezinde. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulapho inani elikhulu lokudla ngesimo se-efihlekile, amaqabunga amasha amnandi, izimbali, imbewu, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwazo.
Amakhonsathi akwaHowler
Nsuku zonke, lapho ilanga likhanya, umhlambi wabantu abangaba ngu-40 uya "ekhonsathini" - izihloko zezihlahla ezinkulu. Okokuqala, izinkawu zizwakala buthule futhi zihlale kahle. Babambelela ngokuqinile emilenzeni ngemuva, futhi umsila uvala ngokuqinile uzungeze igatsha elizinzile. Ngemuva kwesiginali ethile, "izangoma" - abesilisa abanolwazi baqala ukukhala phezulu kwamaphaphu abo. Lolu uhlobo lobuciko bempi, lapho ngamunye wabo, eshaya umphimbo wakhe, ebhonga, ebheka izihlobo ngokucophelela nangokujulile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, sekuvele inqwaba yezinkawu ezejwayelekile, ezimemeza “ngabadidiyela bodwa”, zihlangana ekhwayeni elinokuduma. Zibhonga imizuzu emithathu kuya kweyi-4 ngaphandle kwezwi futhi ngamandla ukuze umsindo usakaze amakhilomitha. Lapho-ke “ukucula” kuyaqhuma, njengoba sesifinyelele eqophelweni eliphezulu. Kukhona ukuthula okufushane, lapho izinkawu zidla izindwani, zibuthelela amandla azo ukubabaza okusha.
Ntambama, umhlambi wama-capuchin uya ehlathini ukuyodla isidlo sasemini. Futhi kusihlwa, ukukhala kwabo kuphinda kubuye indawo ezungezile. Abahambi ababebona futhi bezwa ukukhala, bechaza “amakhonsathi” abo emaphephini abo okuhamba, babehlala bezibuza imibuzo: kungani izilwane zimemeza kakhulu futhi yini inhloso yamakhonsathi abo asekuseni nakusihlwa. Umbuzo wokuqala waphendulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutadisha ukwakheka komkhululi. Kuyavela ukuthi ama-sacs abo okulala asebenza njengabahlanguli. Ngakho-ke, imisindo eyenziwe abamele lo mndeni iphindaphindwa kaningi, iba yizwi elikhulu futhi elinamandla. Kepha mayelana nenhloso yokukhala kwalaba bantu, kwenziwa imibono eminingi. Eyokuqala ukwesatshiswa kwesitha esingahle sibe khona. Okwesibili isicelo sezwe ababehlala kulo, uhlobo lolo lwewashi “lokucula”. Kubukeka sengathi ubuwuthakasele umlayezo ophathelene nalaba bameleli abathandekayo nabangakafundi ngokugcwele amaCapuchins.
I-Red Howler, noma i-Howler ebomvu (i-lat.Alouatta seniculus) - enye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezibanzi (i-Platyrrhini).
Ama-red howler, njengazo zonke ezinye izinkawu, athuthuke ekuziphatheni komphakathi. Abamele lolu hlobo bahlanganiswa ngamaqembu abantu abahlanu kuya kwabangamashumi amabili. Inhloko yeqembu yinduna endala. Amanye amaduna avuthiwe futhi athi isikhundla sokuba ngumholi waleli qembu, ngakho-ke ukushayisana kobuqhawe kuvame ukuvela phakathi kwabesilisa.
Ama-red howler ayizilwane ezingafakwanga. Bakhuphuka kancane ngezihlahla futhi phakathi kwazo, bemboza ibanga elingamamitha angama-400 ngosuku. Iyasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ebusuku balala ezihlahleni. Ubude besilisa bungama-85-100 cm; ubude bensikazi buyi-cm ezingama-74-89. Iziduna zinesisindo esingu-6.5 kuya ku-8 kg, izinsikazi zincane kakhulu, isisindo sazo sisuka ku-4,5 kuye ku-6.4 kg.
Ukudla kufaka amantongomane, amahlamvu esihlahla, imbewu ehlukahlukene, izithelo nezimbali. Umgudu wokugaya we-Howler obomvu uguqulwa kahle ukuze utshale ukudla: yinde ngokwanele, iqukethe amagciwane akhethekile asiza ukugaya ukudla okuqinile. I-Howler ebomvu ayinaso isikhathi esithile sokuzala, abalingani bavame ukuguquka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-186-194. Kuhlala kunefulethi elilodwa kudoti. Umama usuthisa ingane kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe abaholi beqembu. Bangakwazi ukudala amaqembu amasha noma bazame ukugumbuqela abesilisa abaholayo. Iminyaka yokuthomba isukela eminyakeni emi-3,5 kuye kwengama-4. Abanye ososayensi bahlonze abangafika kwabayi-9 bokubabaza okubomvu: Alouatta seniculus seniculus, A. s. i-arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis kanye A. s. sara. Iningi lazo liqashelwa njengokufana kwezinye izinkomba. Imininingwane ka-A. s. stramineus okwamanje.
I-Red Howler ivamile ukusuka eColombia iye e-Amazon futhi isuka e-Ecuador iye eBalivia maphakathi. Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo - okubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane (Ukukhathazeka KwesiNgisi).
I-Central American howler (lat.Alouatta pigra) - isibalo esivela emndenini wama-arachnids. Kutholakala emahlathini emvula aseBelize, eGuatemala naseMexico.
Ama-Central American howler akhulu kakhulu kuhlobo lwabahlokomo kanye nolunye lwezindondo ezinkulu kakhulu zeNew World. Abesilisa balolu hlobo bayizidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke zeCentral America. Isisindo sabantu besilisa silinganiselwa ku-11.4 kg; isisindo sowesifazane silinganiselwa ku-6.4 kg. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-521 kuya ku-639 mm. Ubude bomsila busuka ku-590 kuya ku-690 mm. Ijazi lide, limnyama. Uhlobo lomsila wokubamba. Ijazi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa limdaka; Abesilisa abangaphezulu kwezinyanga ezine bane-scrotum emhlophe.
Morphologically ukuzivumelanisa nezitshalo ukutshala. Ama-molars anokusika okuphezulu, esiza lezi zilwane ukuhlafuna amaqabunga. Abesilisa banethambo elikhulisiwe le-hyoid, elisebenza njenge-resonator lapho likhipha ukukhala okukhulu, okwaziwa ngabamele iqembu lomzwilili.
Izilwane zasemini zezihlahla. Yakha amaqembu amancane, lapho owesilisa oyedwa noma ababili abadala, isilinganiso senani labesifazane ngenani labesilisa lifinyelela ku-1,3. Eqenjini, imvamisa ukusuka kwababili kuya kwabangu-16, kubandakanya nezilwane ezincane. Indawo yeqembu isuka kumahektha amathathu kuya kwangama-25. Ubuningi babantu bungadlula abantu abangama-250 km2 ngalinye.
Ekudleni, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga nezithelo, zihambisana nezimbali nembewu.
Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emine, abesilisa kamuva, beneminyaka engu-6-8. Ekufikeni kokuthomba, abesilisa bavame ukushiya iqembu, izinsikazi zihlale. Isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni engama-20.
I-International Union for Conservation ofvelo inikeze uhlobo lokongiwa kwemvelo “olusengozini”, ngoba, ngokwesilinganiso sika-2008, inani labantu lehle ngamaphesenti angama-60 ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 (izizukulwane ezintathu). Izinsongo ezinkulu kulezi zinhlobo ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo, ukuzingela nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni.
Akukho okubi okuvela kulezi zilwane kubantu. Kepha inzuzo ukuthi inani lendawo lisebenzisa inyama yokwalusa. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lezi zinkawu zisetshenziselwa isayensi. Isilwane namuhla sisondele ekuqothulweni. Ukukhalaza kufakwe kuhlu lwe-CITES Convention njengolwandiso olunamanani abo ancipha kakhulu. Enye yezinkinga ezithinta lokhu yisifo esithile esibangelwa impukane ebulala ukoma emphinjeni wokukhalela.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yeka monkey
Monkey Howler ngokwemvelo isilwane esizolile, esisebenza ngesikhathi selanga losuku. Ukukhathazeka kwabo kwansuku zonke kuwukuvakasha kwendawo, futhi ngokusobala ungadla okumnandi. Ebusuku balala ngokugcwele, kepha abanye besilisa abayeki ukuklabalasa ebusuku. Izibalo zihlala emiphakathini yemindeni, esukela kwabangu-15 kuye kwabangu-17.
Izinkawu zakwa-Howler monkey zinentshebe
Eqenjini kuhlale kukhona owesilisa ovelele noyiphini lakhe, banabantu besifazane abaningana abanakho. Le ntokazi ngokwayo ikwazisa ngokulungela ukuhlangana ngocansi. Uma owesilisa omkhulu engakulungele, ubese eshintshela kumsizi.
Ngukubhonga kwabesilisa ukuhawukela kwenze kucace ukuthi le yindawo yabo. Noma kunjalo, akukho sigaba esicacile, kuvame izimpi phakathi kwamakhanda amaqembu. Ezimpini ezinjalo ezingalingani, amadoda amaningi ayafa.
Ukulwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi insikazi idonsela ukunakekela kowesilisa eqenjini elingumakhelwane. Izimpi zinamandla kakhulu, futhi ophumelele uhlala eqeda ohlukunyeziwe.
Ososayensi basanda kushicilela okutholakele ocwaningweni komphimbo ukukhala. Bathi ithambo le-hyoid lisebenza njenge-resonator. Lapho likhulu, liba namandla nokugquma.
Ososayensi baphinde baxhuma ukuxhumana okuxakile phakathi kwesisindo somsindo nosayizi wezitho zangasese zeso sici. Uma isilwane sikhonkotha isikhathi eside, khona-ke lokhu kukhuluma ngamakhono hhayi akhethekile, njengowesilisa. Ngokubhonga okungapheli ubiza insikazi futhi.
Ukudla kwenkawu
Ukudla okuyinhloko monkey - luhlaza okotshani kwezihlahla, izimbali, izithelo, izithelo, amahlamvu amancane kanye amahlumela. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabuka ukuthi leyakudala ifaka kanjani inhlabathi emlonyeni wakhe.
Ngalokhu, uzama ukuguqula impahla enobuthi yezitshalo ezithile. Amaminerali enhlabathi aqoqa izinto ezinobuthi futhi, ngaphandle kokulimaza, akhishwa emzimbeni. Njengoba lezi zinkawu zingama-imifino, futhi ukudla kwezitshalo kunganiki amandla amaningi, azihambi amabanga amade.
Amandla wonke ayabongwa ngamakhonsathi ansuku zonke. Ungaqaphela ukuthi izinkawu zakha kanjani izimbobo ezincane esiqwini sesihlahla bese zincela ujusi, zinothe ngezinto (izakhi zomzimba), amavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo.
Ukuphinda uzalwe futhi kusindiswe impilo yenkawu ekhalayo
Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi iphila impilo esecashile kancane, izama ukuzivikela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ine-fetus yezinsuku ezingama-190, kuyaqabukela kunamawele.
Okubonakalisiwe yikubhuku lenkawu elikhalayo
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ingane ibambelela esambeni sikamama bese iphila ngokoqobo kuyo. Iwundla elivuthiwe aliphuthumi ukushiya umzali futhi lingahamba naye kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24.
Owesifazane wondla ingane ngobisi lwebele, ungumama omuhle kakhulu - onakekelayo futhi olalelayo. Uma ingane ihambile isikhashana, khona-ke umzali uhlala ezwakala naye.
Lapho ingane ifinyelela ebusheni, umama uye afune ukuyixosha ukuze ayixoshe. Ukubona akukuhle, ngoba inkawu ilwela njalo ukubuya, ungabona ngisho nezinyembezi.
Imvamisa izinsizwa monkey bavele baxoshwe eqenjini labo lokuzalwa ukuze kungabikho bugoga. Akukona kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane zife ezimpini ezinolaka.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abamnyama ku-vivo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20. Ekudingisweni, kwaba nezimo lapho ubunyoninco buphila kwabayishumi nambili. Njalo isithombe senkawu yokwalusa iheha ngamandla ayo. Kuyinto ukubukeka okuhle cishe kwamehlo abantu. Izimo zobuso, ukunyakaza, ukusabela kwamagama nemisindo - konke lokhu kuphinda kufakazele ukuthi bayizihlobo zethu ezikude.
Ondatshana baveza isimo sabo sokusekela nothando ngokushaya umsila wabo omude. Bazisebenzisa lapho bethandana futhi njengokunakekela ingane enamahloni. Umbono omnandi - lezi zilandelana zihlala ngemibala ehlukahlukene mayezi,, umlomo uvulekile, unikeza ikhonsathi yasekuseni.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomkhululi obomvu
Amadoda ama-ginger howler anobude bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-49-72, isisindo - amakhilogremu angu-5.2 - 7.0, izintokazi ezinobude obuyi-46-57 cm futhi zinesisindo esingu-4.1 - 5.0 kg. Umsila mude - i-51-73 cm, ngaphansi kwayo kunginqunu yesithathu, yenza umsebenzi wokubamba.
Umbala wejazi ubomvu ngokubomvu noma onsundu. Uboya bude futhi buthambile, njengosilika. Intamo iminyene. Isigaxa asinazinwele, kepha ngasemaphethelweni ngejazi. Iphimbo lekhala liyaphakanyiswa. Umhlathi ophansi ubhekisa amabombo phambili, uhlelelwe ukudla okugaya izitshalo.
Imihlathi ethuthukisiwe, izinsimbi ezikhulisiwe ze-larynx ne-hyoid zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwe-resonator. Izintambo zezwi ezikhulisiwe futhi ezikhetheke kakhulu zivumela umkhulungwane onezinwele ezibomvu ukuba akhulume ngokuhlokoma okukhulu, ukububula, imihuzuko namakhonkco. Ama-molars angenhla abukhali, ayadingeka ekugayeni ngokuphelele kwamagatsha namaqabunga.
Izindlala zamathe ngamakhulu, amathe okuphephile anama-enzyme aphula imvuthuluka yamaqabunga, enza lula ukugaya esiswini namathumbu. Amathumbu acishe abe ngu-1/3 womzimba.
Isidlo se-Red Howler
I-Howler ebomvu idla amaqabunga, izithelo ezingavuthiwe, umumbu, amagxolo, amantongomane, izimbali. Lokhu kudla kufaka izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-195 ezivela emindenini engama-47. Ukudla okunjalo akuyona phezulu kakhulu kilojoule, ngoba iqukethe i-fiber eningi, ngakho-ke umzimba uthola amandla amancane.
I-Red Howler idla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, kwesinye isikhathi zibamba izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Amagciwane ahlala ohlelweni lokugaya lwamaphinifa, asiza ukudonsa ukudla kwama-coarse plant, okubandakanya i-cellulose.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkawu isikhathi eside zidla amaqabunga kuphela, kepha umzimba wazo awutholi ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo nezakhi zomzimba. I-Red Howler isabalalisa imbewu engama-95% ezinhlobo zezitshalo ohlelweni lwamahlathi emvula.
Izici zokuziphatha kohlokomo obomvu
Ama-red howler - izakhamizi zasehlathini ezihlala phansi futhi zichitha iningi lezimpilo zazo ezihlahleni. Bakhetha ukuhlala enkabeni yehlosi elingaphezulu, yize ingahlala kuwo wonke amabanga amahlathi emvula, futhi futhi ingehle futhi ukwehla ibanga elincane eliphakathi kwezihlahla phansi.
Ama-Red Howler alala amahora angu-15, ama-70% esikhathi sonke alala ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Ekuseni, izinkawu zikhala kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyaxhumana nezinye izikole, zinqume ukuthi ziphi ezinye izihlobo nezinombolo zazo.
Iqembu livame ukuba nabantu abangafika kwabayi-10, eliholwa owesilisa onolwazi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izingxabano zihlala ziphakama kwiphakethe lobuholi. Ngakho-ke, izinsizwa ezincane zishiya iqembu ukuqoqa umhlambi wazo. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqhubu asemancane azama ukuphatha iphakethe, ngenkathi ebhubhisa izimbangi - ezinye izinsizwa. Kuyiqiniso, izinsikazi ziyazivikela, kodwa yingxenye yesine kuphela yamawundla esisindayo.
Ama-Red Howler ayasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Zihamba zihambisana namagatsha ngosizo lwezingwe nomsila, zisebenzisa wona ukulinganisela futhi zidonsa amagatsha ngezithelo. Emvuleni, abashokobezi abomvu bahlala ngaphandle kwezihlahla, belinde ukuphela kwemvula.
Ukuzala ginger Howler
Ama-Howler abomvu akhiqiza unyaka wonke. Kwakhiwa izikhala ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala. Owesifazane uzama ukudonsela owesilisa ngokunyakaza okungafani nalokhu kwensimbi, owesilisa, elungele ukukhula. Uzalela ingalo eyodwa yezinyanga eziyi-7, ngemuva kokubonakala kwesisindo sayo kungama-263 amagremu kuphela. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ubambelela engubeni kanina bese ehamba naye esimilenga, bese ekhwela emhlane wakhe.
Ukudla ubisi kungadonsa iminyaka engu-1.5 - 2. Esenonyaka owodwa, umkhulungwane osemncane uyakwazi ukunamathela emagatsheni awo emsileni wawo. Ezinye izinsikazi ezingenawo amawundlu zivame ukukhuliswa. Isikhathi sokuzala phakathi kokuzalwa konyaka ziyizinyanga eziyi-16,6, uma iwundlu lifa, insikazi ibeletha okwesibili. Izinsikazi ezincane ziyakwazi ukunika izingane iminyaka engu-5 ubudala, abesilisa kamuva, zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-7. Emvelweni, ama-red howler ahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-15, ekudingisweni isikhathi eside - iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Kuhlala kunefulethi elilodwa kudoti. Umama angondla aze afike eminyakeni emi-2.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kojinja
I-Red Howler iyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile zanhlobo. Emahlathini aseBrazil, maningi, kepha kwezinye izindawo isibalo sezinhlobo siyancipha ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zibanjwa zithengiswe futhi zidutshulwe inyama. Isimo sokulondolozwa kohlobo lwe-ginger howler luhlobo oluncane kunazo zonke.
Buka: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler
Izinhlobo: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler
U-Howler obomvu, inkawu ebomvu yokwalusa: U-Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 - uhlala enyakatho Melika esuka eColombia uya eVenezuela. Abakwa-Red Howler babhaliswe eBolivia, eBrazil, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eFrance Guyana, ePeru, eSuriname naseVenezuela.
Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinkawu zaseMelika, usayizi wenja enkulu. Ubuso abunqunu, bunqunyelwe yiboya, bunama-muzzles avelele namakhala aphezulu. Ama-Howler abomvu anentamo enamandla nomhlathi ophansi ovulekile, obanikeza ukubukeka okwesabekayo nenkulumo engathandeki.
Ama-red howler anejazi elide, elinesilika. Bobabili ubulili bunomsila omude obambe ongezansi, ombozwe ngoboya obukhulu ngaphandle kokungaphansi kwecala lesithathu, elingenalutho. Lokhu kuvumelana nokubamba amagatsha omsila.
Ama-red Howler anama-molars angenhla anama-scallops abukhali, awasebenzisayo ukugaya amahlumela, izindlala ezinkulu ze-salivary zisiza inqubo yokugaya ukudla futhi zibhidlize imisele engxenye yesitshalo ihlumela ngaphambi kokuba ukudla kufinyelele esiswini nasemathunjini.
Umbala wejazi ubomvu noma u-tan, yize umthunzi wawo ushintsha kancane ngobudala.
Ama-red howler abonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi ngosayizi womzimba. Ubude bekhanda nomzimba wabesifazane bungu-46-57 cm, abesilisa bangama-49-72 cm, ubude bomsila (49-75 cm). Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo somuntu oshayayo singamakhilogremu ayi-4.5-6,5; ngokusho kweminye imithombo, siyehluka kusuka ku-5700-7400 g, kanti isilinganiso sesisindo sowesilisa nowesifazane singama-6.690 g no-5.210 g, ngokulandelana.
Umuthi obomvu uhlala ehlahleni oluhlala lubanda futhi lunamahlathi aqothulayo.
Izitha: Ukhozi lwedlozi luzingela ngempumelelo hhayi kuphela ulutsha, kodwa futhi nabadala ababomvu. Kukhona okuqaphelekile lapho i-harpy ihlasela owesilisa osemdala, wayibamba ngezihlakala zayo wayithwala ibanga elingamamitha angama-30 emoyeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinkozi ze-harpy zinesisindo esiphansi kakhulu kunabesilisa abadala.
Intsha eningi ibulawa ngabesilisa abangabodwa abahlasela iqembu lomndeni. Futhi yize omama bezama ukuvikela izingane zabo, zingamaphesenti angama-25 kuphela ezisinda ngokuphumelelayo. I-infanticide iyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezinsana ku-Howler ebomvu.
Ngokusobala, lezi zilwane zihlala ekudingisweni kuze kube iminyaka engama-25, ngokwemvelo - okuncane kakhulu. Isilwane esisodwa esizalwa ngokwemvelo sasisaphila ngemuva kweminyaka engama-22,8 sisekudingisweni.
Ama-red howler - adume ngo- "ch wawo wabo wokuqala": ukubhonga kwezithulu okungazwakala kukude ngamakhilomitha ayi-5. Kulesi sikhalo esibuhlungu, esenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabesilisa beqembu, zonke ezinye izigcawu zomsweli oyisiphukuphuku kunazo zonke ziyaphendula ngaphakathi kwendlebe. Ngakho-ke, ukushumeka ngakunye kungakwazisa njalo okunye ngokuqanjwa kwayo nendawo okuyo, okukugwema ukuxabana okubizayo okunamandla ngenxa yezikweletu nokulawula izinsiza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, le kholi yazisa nezilwane ezihlala zodwa mayelana nokuthi ziphi izizwe zabanye abantu.
Ama-red howler angabadli abuluhlaza ikakhulukazi, adla kakhulu ngamaqabunga amancanyana kanye namahlumela nezithelo. Amaqabunga aqukethe izakhi zomzimba omncane, kepha umphimbo we-Howler unezigaba ezimbili lapho kuhlala khona amagciwane agaya i-cellulose. Amathumbu athatha ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba. Umhlathi ophansi onamandla futhi uhlonza ukuhlafuna amaqabunga ngokuphelele. Ama-Howler angadla amahlamvu owodwa amasonto, ngaphandle kokuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba noma umkhondo.
Ama-red Howler abuye futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kokugaya kokudla kwawo, ekhetha amahlumela amancanyana amancanyana anomsoco ngokwedlulele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badla amantongomane, izithelo ezimnandi nezimbali lapho zitholakala. Izilwane ezincane nazo zivame ukudliwa uma zibanjwa yizinkawu. Lokhu okuphakelayo yizengezo ezibalulekile ekudleni kwenkawu, okungama-40% amahlumela aluhlaza.
Abahluphi bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke ehlathini elingaphezulu lehlathi, lapho badla khona ngamaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori okuphakelayo, ama-howler abomvu ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi onge amandla awo ngokuhamba kancane nokuncane ehlathini, amboza cishe ama-400 m kuphela ngosuku. Owesilisa ovelele usesha ukudla komzimba oseqheleni lwehlathi.
Izinkawu zikhuthele kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, ziphumula kakhulu maphakathi nosuku nobusuku, zilele ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo zabo nokuhamba kancane, bayakwazi ukulala amahora angu-15 ngosuku.
Le nhlobo isebenzisa umsila wayo lapho ihamba njengokusekelwa futhi ilondoloze ibhalansi, kepha ikakhulukazi lapho isuthisa, ukudonsa igatsha ngesibambiso.
Ama-red wayler asabela okuhlekisayo ezinsukwini zemvula ngenkathi yezimvula ezishisayo. Ephendula izimvula ezinamandla, ayabhokisa ngaphambi kokuba asondele, futhi lapho kuqala imvula zihlale zingagungqi, zigobeke kuze kube kuphela imvula.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuntwela kokusa, iqembu ngalinye labakhalazi, elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-20 ngaphezu komhlaba, lizivivinya okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngokuhlabelela okukhulu ngokhwaya, liphazamise ukubamba umoya, futhi lalela nokucula kwamaqembu angomakhelwane be-Howlay.
Abesilisa abasebasha bahlala ngaphandle kweqembu lapho befikisa. Njengoba sebevuthiwe ngokocansi, bafuna iqembu elisha elizomjoyina. Unamathela esivumelwaneni esisha, owesilisa uvame ukubulala yonke inzalo yangaphambili, eyeduna elihlonishwayo, futhi indawo yakhe yathatha indawo yokuhlangana, ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi akasichithi isikhathi ngokungenhloso, ebuka izingane zenye inkawu, kodwa aqhubeke nokuzala.
AbakwaHowler bahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangama-5-40, phakathi kwabo munye kuphela, kuvame kakhulu ukuba ngabesilisa - abadala.
Lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, izinsizwa ezincane ziyaxoshwa eqenjini lomndeni futhi ziphoqelelwa ukuba zifune umhlambi omusha. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi owesilisa amukelwe, uqala ukukhubazeka ngamawundlu amancane, azwakalise ukungeneliseki nganoma iyiphi enye inzalo, ngaphandle kwezakhe. Omama bavikela izingane, kepha kulokhu, ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka kowesilisa, akukho ngaphezu kwe-25% yazo zonke izingane ezisindayo. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ithole liba yinto yokunakwa kwabesifazane abaningi, cishe lezo zintokazi ezingenazzala ziyayinakekela. Abesilisa bayabekezelela inzalo yabo, bavumela namawundlu ukuba akhanyeke eceleni kwabo.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zokweyisa, zizalela unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho okuvela eVenezuela, inzalo mancane amathuba okuzalwa esikhathini semvula ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Imijikelezo ye-Estral iyaphindwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-16 ukuya kwezingu-20, kuthi izinsikazi zihlale zithambekele ekuphandeni nasekukhawulweni izinsuku ezingama-2-4.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziba yingqondo yokunakwa kwabesifazane abaningi abakha iqembu. Imvamisa, laba besifazane ngaphandle kwezinsana zabo, futhi imizwa yabo iheha lezi zingane. Abesifazane banobungane obukhulu ezinganeni. Imvamisa kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi zivumela ingane ukuthi ikhanye phezu kwabo.
Ukuziphatha kokuthandana kwabantu ababhinqile obomvu kungenye into ethokozisayo yokuxhumana kwabo kwezenhlalo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bakha umbhangqwana wokuzala, onobudlelwano bendawo obusondele ngokungajwayelekile, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba buqale ubuhlobo bobulili. Lapho nje lezi zinhlangano sezakhiwe, izicelo eziqhubekayo zocansi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ziqala. Yize isenzo sokuyenga singenziwa yibo bobabili ubulili, owesimame uvame ukuthatha indima enolaka. Izama ukuheha owesilisa, insikazi iyasondela kuye futhi ihamba kahle ngesiga sayo. Owesilisa uvame ukumphendula ngendlela efanayo, kepha uma engenzi ukunyakaza okunjalo, insikazi imane nje inyenge enye indoda.
Umncintiswano wezocansi obuhlanyayo uvame ukubonwa phakathi kwabesilisa, amalungu eqembu, ahlanganisa abesilisa abasebancane abavuthiwe, afike abhekane nabesilisa abahlala eqenjini labesifazane (elixubekile) ngomzamo wokuba yilungu. Abesilisa abaxoshwa emaqenjini abo abazalelwe kuwo, manje, lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, kufanele bahlasele elinye iqembu ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kwabesifazane. Uma bephumelela, imvamisa, okokuqala, bachitha izingane ezisanda kuqalwa eqenjini kusuka kowesilisa owedlule, ngenhloso yokushiya inzalo yazo kuphela.
Ukukhulelwa: izinsuku eziyi-140-190. Kuzalelwa iwundlu elilodwa, kepha amacala angamawele ayaziwa. Isisindo sezingane lapho zizalwa singama-263 g. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azisizi ngalutho futhi zinakekelwa ngunina, zinamathela ngokuqinile ku-fur yakhe esiswini sakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba esekhulile kancane, uthuthela emuva kunina, ngaphezu kwalokho ubambe umsila wakhe phansi komsila kanina, futhi ngendlela efanayo uhamba neqembu ehlathini.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukugxilwa ukunakwa kwezinye izintokazi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenazingane zazo. Abesifazane bavame ukuthinta ingane ngesineke nangezandla zabo, futhi bakhuthaze izenzo zabo uma ingane ifuna ukukhwela phezu kwabo.
Kakade eseneminyaka nenyanga ayazi ukuthi angawabamba kanjani amagatsha awo ngomsila wawo, futhi kusukela lapho umama akakhathaleli ukuphepha kwawo. Izingane ziyagibela omama bazo okungenani unyaka owodwa bese ziqhubeka nokudla ubisi lwebele izinyanga eziyi-18 ukuya kwezingu-24. Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abesilisa kube ngu-7. Ngakho-ke, izinsikazi zifaka ukuzala iminyaka embalwa ngaphambili kunabesilisa.
I-Howler ebomvu iyona evame kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zoMhlaba oMusha futhi ayinasici esikhethekile sokuvikela. Zisavamile futhi ziningi eBrazil, kepha kwezinye izindawo ziye zaqabukela, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Uyazi ukuthi isimanga esihle kunazo zonke yimonkey monkey? Ummeleli waseColombia kanye nommemezeli omkhulu walezi zilwane amahlandla amaningi wake wethusa abanqobi. Yebo, yebo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele - okhalazayo walibiza igama lakhe ngesizathu. Lesi silwane saziwa ngokubhonga kwaso isikhathi eside nangokuzwakalayo. Umsindo uvame ukwenza umsindo ekuseni nantambama. Ukukhala kuqalwa ngabesilisa, kanti nabesifazane bavame ukuthathe isifiso sabantu abakhalayo.
AbakwaHowler bangabameli abakhulu kakhulu bomndeni we-monkey-tailed, ngenye indlela obizwa ngokuthi ama-capuchins. Imisebenzi esemqoka empilweni yenziwa ngezindlela ezi-2: ukondla nokubhonga. Ebusuku, izinkawu zilala. Kuliqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi bayabhonga ephupheni. Umbiko ngalezi zilwane ezihehayo manje usuzwakele.
Howler (lat.Aloautta) - uhlobo lwezinkawu ezibanzi ezinemibala yomndeni wakwa-Arachnids (Atelidae). Bahlala emahlathini emvula nasezintabeni zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, bahlala ikakhulu ezihlahleni. Ama-Howler ahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangu-15-18. Ukudla okujwayelekile kungamaqabunga, izithelo namahlamvu. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu yi-ginger howler (iVenezuela neGuiana) neCentral American Howler (iMexico kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika).
Ukungena, cishe amehlo abantu, kungathi ukungena phakathi ekujuleni komphefumulo. Kubukeka sengathi isilwane siyayiqonda le ndlela engenisa ngayo igama elilodwa. Zilungele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya, kepha zizizwa zigodliwe futhi kaningi zimane zilusizi. Kungcono uma inkawu ekhalayo ihlala kwiphakethe eligcwele impilo, hhayi ekheji.
Imonkey monkey ingenye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eBrazil. Yathola igama laso ngokukhamuluka kwenhliziyo okuzwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ijazi lingathola umbala obomvu, okhanyayo noma onsundu, umbala omnyama.
Akunazinwele emhlolweni, umhlathi ubanzi impela, welulwa kancane phambili. I-primate inama-fangs ahlaba umxhwele, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukhukhunathi futhi uphuze ubisi noma ujusi. Ingxenye engezansi yesizalo ihlanganiswa ngentshebe ehlanzekile. Iwashi ngalinye linezihlakala ezinhlanu eziyishumi. Ukuphela komsila kuyimpandla ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo njalo; ama-scallops namaphethini asetshenzisiwe atholakala kulo lonke ubude.
Ukukhala kwenkawu ekhalayo kubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-sacs womphimbo. Baqoqa amathe nomoya, lapho sebedonsa umoya, baxuba, bese kuthi ekutholeni umoya kubhungulwe ubhongho. Okuthile njengabalingisi bemvelaphi yemvelo.
Imonkey monkey isilwane esizolile ngokwemvelo, esisebenza ngesikhathi selanga losuku. Ukukhathazeka kwabo kwansuku zonke kuwukuvakasha kwendawo, futhi ngokusobala ungadla okumnandi. Ebusuku balala ngokugcwele, kepha abanye besilisa abayeki ukuklabalasa ebusuku. Izibalo zihlala emiphakathini yemindeni, esukela kwabangu-15 kuye kwabangu-17.
Eqenjini kuhlale kukhona owesilisa ovelele noyiphini lakhe, banabantu besifazane abaningana abanakho. Le ntokazi ngokwayo ikwazisa ngokulungela ukuhlangana ngocansi. Uma owesilisa omkhulu engakulungele, ubese eshintshela kumsizi. Kuyagquma ukuthi abesilisa abalukelayo bakubeke kucace ukuthi le yindawo yabo. Noma kunjalo, akukho sigaba esicacile, kuvame izimpi phakathi kwamakhanda amaqembu. Ezimpini ezinjalo ezingalingani, amadoda amaningi ayafa. Ukulwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi insikazi idonsela ukunakekela kowesilisa eqenjini elingumakhelwane. Izimpi zinamandla kakhulu, futhi ophumelele uhlala eqeda ohlukunyeziwe.
Muva nje, ososayensi bashicilele imiphumela yocwaningo lokubhonga komphimbo komuntu okhalayo. Bathi ithambo le-hyoid lisebenza njenge-resonator. Lapho likhulu, liba namandla nokugquma. Ososayensi baphinde baxhuma ukuxhumana okuxakile phakathi kwesisindo somsindo nosayizi wezitho zangasese zeso sici. Uma isilwane sikhonkotha isikhathi eside, khona-ke lokhu kukhuluma ngamakhono hhayi akhethekile, njengowesilisa. Ngokubhonga okungapheli ubiza insikazi futhi.
Ama-inveterate amaduna afinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. Umsila wazo ungubukhulu obufanayo. Inokubukeka okungajwayelekile: engxenyeni engaphansi yomsila ngaphakathi kukhona uzungu ngaphandle kanoboya obunamaphethini nama-combs esikhunjeni. Ngenxa yazo, izinkawu ezihawukayo zenza ukunyakaza okunjalo ngomsila wazo, kube sengathi yengezwe lengalo. Ngosizo lwayo, babamba futhi bakha izithelo, amaqabunga, ngobumnene nangokuhlolisisa "bahlole" isihlobo, bacindezele izingane. Umsila unamandla kangangokuba ungasekela isisindo somzimba wesilwane lapho ulenga phansi phansi. Amaphethelo aphansi nangaphezulu wabasiziba baneminwe eyishumi neshumi eshukumayo enamazipho acwebile.
Uma ubheka izinkawu ezihlabayo, okokuqala, unaka ikhanda ngobuso obungenazinwele nentshebe. Is sac esandisiwe se-laryngeal sibuye siphawuleke. "Izambatho" zazo zivele ngokufana ne-mane emnyama, nsundu, nebomvu, ne-zethusi obomvu obomvu. Amachaphaza anamandla nemihlathi ekhombisa ukuqhubekela phambili, yenza umuntu owesabekayo esikhundleni sakhe.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwenkawu ekhalayo kunguhlaza oluhle lwezihlahla, izimbali, izithelo, izithelo, ukuqhakaza okusha kanye namahlumela. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabuka ukuthi leyakudala ifaka kanjani inhlabathi emlonyeni wakhe.
Ngalokhu, uzama ukuguqula impahla enobuthi yezitshalo ezithile. Amaminerali enhlabathi aqoqa izinto ezinobuthi futhi, ngaphandle kokulimaza, akhishwa emzimbeni. Njengoba lezi zinkawu zingama-imifino, futhi ukudla kwezitshalo kunganiki amandla amaningi, azihambi amabanga amade. Amandla wonke ayabongwa ngamakhonsathi ansuku zonke. Ungaqaphela ukuthi izinkawu zakha kanjani izimbobo ezincane esiqwini sesihlahla bese zincela ujusi, zinothe ngezinto (izakhi zomzimba), amavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo.
Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi iphila impilo esecashile kancane, izama ukuzivikela ngangokunokwenzeka. Ine-fetus yezinsuku ezingama-190, kuyaqabukela kunamawele. Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ingane ibambelela esambeni sikamama bese iphila ngokoqobo kuyo. Iwundla elivuthiwe aliphuthumi ukushiya umzali futhi lingahamba naye kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24. Owesifazane wondla ingane ngobisi lwebele, ungumama omuhle kakhulu - onakekelayo futhi olalelayo. Uma ingane ihambile isikhashana, khona-ke umzali uhlala ezwakala naye. Lapho ingane ifinyelela ebusheni, umama uye afune ukuyixosha ukuze ayixoshe. Ukubona akukuhle, ngoba inkawu ilwela njalo ukubuya, ungabona ngisho nezinyembezi. Imvamisa izinsizwa ezincane zenkawu ekhexayo zimane zixoshwe emaqenjini azo endabuko ukuze kungabi nhlobo. Akukona kujwayelekile ukuthi izingane zife ezimpini ezinolaka.
Ondatshana baveza isimo sabo sokusekela nothando ngokushaya umsila wabo omude. Bazisebenzisa lapho bethandana futhi njengokunakekela ingane enamahloni. Umbono omnandi umugqa wezinkawu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, zikhala ngemilomo evulekile, zinika ikhonsathi yasekuseni.
Habitat
Lolu hlobo lwezinkawu lutholakala emahlathini anomswakama wezintaba ezingxenyeni zeCentral and Latin America. Bahlala emihlambini emikhulu. Kaningi ziyabonakala ezihlahleni ezinde. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulapho inani elikhulu lokudla ngesimo se-efihlekile, amaqabunga amasha amnandi, izimbali, imbewu, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwazo.
Amakhonsathi akwaHowler
Nsuku zonke, lapho ilanga likhanya, umhlambi wabantu abangaba ngu-40 uya "ekhonsathini" - izihloko zezihlahla ezinkulu. Okokuqala, izinkawu zizwakala buthule futhi zihlale kahle. Babambelela ngokuqinile emilenzeni ngemuva, futhi umsila uvala ngokuqinile uzungeze igatsha elizinzile. Ngemuva kwesiginali ethile, "izangoma" - abesilisa abanolwazi baqala ukukhala phezulu kwamaphaphu abo. Lolu uhlobo lobuciko bempi, lapho ngamunye wabo, eshaya umphimbo wakhe, ebhonga, ebheka izihlobo ngokucophelela nangokujulile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, sekuvele inqwaba yezinkawu ezejwayelekile, ezimemeza “ngabadidiyela bodwa”, zihlangana ekhwayeni elinokuduma. Zibhonga imizuzu emithathu kuya kweyi-4 ngaphandle kwezwi futhi ngamandla ukuze umsindo usakaze amakhilomitha. Lapho-ke “ukucula” kuyaqhuma, njengoba sesifinyelele eqophelweni eliphezulu. Kukhona ukuthula okufushane, lapho izinkawu zidla izindwani, zibuthelela amandla azo ukubabaza okusha.
Ntambama, umhlambi wama-capuchin uya ehlathini ukuyodla isidlo sasemini. Futhi kusihlwa, ukukhala kwabo kuphinda kubuye indawo ezungezile. Abahambi ababebona futhi bezwa ukukhala, bechaza “amakhonsathi” abo emaphephini abo okuhamba, babehlala bezibuza imibuzo: kungani izilwane zimemeza kakhulu futhi yini inhloso yamakhonsathi abo asekuseni nakusihlwa. Umbuzo wokuqala waphendulwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutadisha ukwakheka komkhululi. Kuyavela ukuthi ama-sacs abo okulala asebenza njengabahlanguli. Ngakho-ke, imisindo eyenziwe abamele lo mndeni iphindaphindwa kaningi, iba yizwi elikhulu futhi elinamandla. Kepha mayelana nenhloso yokukhala kwalaba bantu, kwenziwa imibono eminingi. Eyokuqala ukwesatshiswa kwesitha esingahle sibe khona. Okwesibili isicelo sezwe ababehlala kulo, uhlobo lolo lwewashi “lokucula”. Kubukeka sengathi ubuwuthakasele umlayezo ophathelene nalaba bameleli abathandekayo nabangakafundi ngokugcwele amaCapuchins.
I-Red Howler, noma i-Howler ebomvu (i-lat.Alouatta seniculus) - enye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezibanzi (i-Platyrrhini).
Ama-red howler, njengazo zonke ezinye izinkawu, athuthuke ekuziphatheni komphakathi. Abamele lolu hlobo bahlanganiswa ngamaqembu abantu abahlanu kuya kwabangamashumi amabili. Inhloko yeqembu yinduna endala. Amanye amaduna avuthiwe futhi athi isikhundla sokuba ngumholi waleli qembu, ngakho-ke ukushayisana kobuqhawe kuvame ukuvela phakathi kwabesilisa.
Ama-red howler ayizilwane ezingafakwanga. Bakhuphuka kancane ngezihlahla futhi phakathi kwazo, bemboza ibanga elingamamitha angama-400 ngosuku. Iyasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ebusuku balala ezihlahleni. Ubude besilisa bungama-85-100 cm; ubude bensikazi buyi-cm ezingama-74-89. Iziduna zinesisindo esingu-6.5 kuya ku-8 kg, izinsikazi zincane kakhulu, isisindo sazo sisuka ku-4,5 kuye ku-6.4 kg.
Ukudla kufaka amantongomane, amahlamvu esihlahla, imbewu ehlukahlukene, izithelo nezimbali.Umgudu wokugaya we-Howler obomvu uguqulwa kahle ukuze utshale ukudla: yinde ngokwanele, iqukethe amagciwane akhethekile asiza ukugaya ukudla okuqinile. I-Howler ebomvu ayinaso isikhathi esithile sokuzala, abalingani bavame ukuguquka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-186-194. Kuhlala kunefulethi elilodwa kudoti. Umama usuthisa ingane kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-24.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe abaholi beqembu. Bangakwazi ukudala amaqembu amasha noma bazame ukugumbuqela abesilisa abaholayo. Iminyaka yokuthomba isukela eminyakeni emi-3,5 kuye kwengama-4. Abanye ososayensi bahlonze abangafika kwabayi-9 bokubabaza okubomvu: Alouatta seniculus seniculus, A. s. i-arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis kanye A. s. sara. Iningi lazo liqashelwa njengokufana kwezinye izinkomba. Imininingwane ka-A. s. stramineus okwamanje.
I-Red Howler ivamile ukusuka eColombia iye e-Amazon futhi isuka e-Ecuador iye eBalivia maphakathi. Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo - okubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane (Ukukhathazeka KwesiNgisi).
I-Central American howler (lat.Alouatta pigra) - isibalo esivela emndenini wama-arachnids. Kutholakala emahlathini emvula aseBelize, eGuatemala naseMexico.
Ama-Central American howler akhulu kakhulu kuhlobo lwabahlokomo kanye nolunye lwezindondo ezinkulu kakhulu zeNew World. Abesilisa balolu hlobo bayizidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke zeCentral America. Isisindo sabantu besilisa silinganiselwa ku-11.4 kg; isisindo sowesifazane silinganiselwa ku-6.4 kg. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-521 kuya ku-639 mm. Ubude bomsila busuka ku-590 kuya ku-690 mm. Ijazi lide, limnyama. Uhlobo lomsila wokubamba. Ijazi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa limdaka; Abesilisa abangaphezulu kwezinyanga ezine bane-scrotum emhlophe.
Morphologically ukuzivumelanisa nezitshalo ukutshala. Ama-molars anokusika okuphezulu, esiza lezi zilwane ukuhlafuna amaqabunga. Abesilisa banethambo elikhulisiwe le-hyoid, elisebenza njenge-resonator lapho likhipha ukukhala okukhulu, okwaziwa ngabamele iqembu lomzwilili.
Izilwane zasemini zezihlahla. Yakha amaqembu amancane, lapho owesilisa oyedwa noma ababili abadala, isilinganiso senani labesifazane ngenani labesilisa lifinyelela ku-1,3. Eqenjini, imvamisa ukusuka kwababili kuya kwabangu-16, kubandakanya nezilwane ezincane. Indawo yeqembu isuka kumahektha amathathu kuya kwangama-25. Ubuningi babantu bungadlula abantu abangama-250 km2 ngalinye.
Ekudleni, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga nezithelo, zihambisana nezimbali nembewu.
Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emine, abesilisa kamuva, beneminyaka engu-6-8. Ekufikeni kokuthomba, abesilisa bavame ukushiya iqembu, izinsikazi zihlale. Isikhathi sokuphila esibalelwa eminyakeni engama-20.
Ukubonakala kwesikhalo
Umzimba wenkawu mkhulu impela: kwabesilisa ubude bawo bomzimba bufika kuma-63 cm, kuthi kwabesifazane - bube ngamasentimitha angama-46-60. Umsila uyakubamba futhi uqine, ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-60-70 kwabesilisa, kuthi amasentimitha angama-55-66 abe besifazane. Isisindo sesilwane sihlaba umxhwele: abesilisa banesisindo esingu-5-10 kg bese izinsikazi zinamandla ama-8-10. Amakhala asondele namazinyo amakhulu angamashumi amathathu nesithupha anika isilwane amandla. I-Colombian howler imnyama ngombala, zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba, njengengubo, ikhula izinwele ezinde ezibomvu zegolide.
Ekupheleni komsila wokubamba kukhona umugqa wezinwele obambekayo, osetshenziswa yinkawu ukubamba ukudla. Kwabesilisa abadala, umbala we-scrotum uyashintsha usuka kumnyama uye omhlophe. Abesilisa banezintshebe ezinde, ezihlukanisa nezinsikazi. Izindawo ezingenazinwele zimelelwa izindlebe, ubuso, izintende nezinyawo.
UHowler ungenye yezinkawu ezingenabungozi kakhulu kubantu. Abesabi abantu kuphela. Kuyaqabukela, ngokuvamile zehla ezihlahleni ezinde.
Lapho kuhlala khona okhalazayo omkhulu
Indawo yokuhlala yalaba baculi yindawo enokhuni yezindawo eziphakeme eziningi. Izindawo ezingama-Lowland nezinezintaba azifani. Muva nje, ukuthuthelwa okukhulu kwezinkawu kuya ezihlathini zekhofi sekurekhodwe, okungukuthi - engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMexico.
Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-larynx sinikeza ukukhalipha okungafani namakhono wokukhuluma. Futhi, le nto ithinta ukuvela kwesilonda.
Ngabe udlani udlani?
Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kwehluka kakhulu: ukuqala ngezimbali nokuphela ngezinyoka ezinkulu. Zithanda nezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Ezinkathini zemvula, abahlebayo ngeke bathele izithelo. Ngosuku, isilwane singadla amaqabunga amaningana, amahlumela ezithelo nezithelo. Isisu sazo sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi sisebenzise cellulose kahle futhi ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi silwane singadla amasonto kuphela amahlamvu nezimbali, kanti umzimba ngeke uswele micronutrients.
Indlela enomsindo yempilo
Njengoba wazi, abahlokomo bayasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni. Eholidini, inkawu ichitha kuze kufike ku-75% wesikhathi sayo. Zonke ezinye izikhathi zokuhalela zinikela ekondleni. Ngezinkathi ezomile, izilwane zenza izinguquko kanye nokufuduka. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwemithombo yokudla. Umsila uyabasiza ukuthi bahambe futhi badabule phakathi kwezihlahla, babambe ukudla. Zihlala ngamaqembu noma imindeni, azakhi izidleke, zikhetha ukuhlala ngqo emagatsheni esihlahla esingaphezulu. Abathandi ukwehlela emhlabeni, bayasaba ukubhukuda.
Ukubona okhalayo emhlabeni kungumbala ongatheni.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Howler
Lapho izindebe zangasese zowesifazane ziphenduka zaba bomvu, abesilisa bayazi: sesifikile isikhathi sokuzala. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka maphakathi nalesi sikhathi. Owesifazane uheha indoda yakhe ngomdanso wokulinganisa wesigqi. Insikazi izala iwundlu elilodwa, elinesisindo esingama-400-500 g. Iwundlu linombala woboya obumpunga, okuthi kungekudala kube mnyama. Kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane ayihlangani nonina futhi kuphela ngonyaka ethatha izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala ezizimele.
Abahluphi abasebasha bafunda ubunzima bokuqhamuka kwezihlahla.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza kubantu
Akukho okubi okuvela kulezi zilwane kubantu. Kepha inzuzo ukuthi inani lendawo lisebenzisa inyama yokwalusa. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lezi zinkawu zisetshenziselwa isayensi.
Isilwane namuhla sisondele ekuqothulweni. Ukukhalaza kufakwe kuhlu lwe-CITES Convention njengolwandiso olunamanani abo ancipha kakhulu. Enye yezinkinga ezithinta lokhu yisifo esithile esibangelwa impukane ebulala ukoma emphinjeni wokukhalela.
Simply elula.
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