Izazi zokucinga zasolwandle ezifuna ulwazi ngokuzama zizama ukufunda ngalowo mhlaba omkhulu ongaqondakali okungenakungena kuwo ngisho nelanga, okuphikisana nombono owawukhona ngaphambili wokungabi nalutho, ongayeki ukumangala ngokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Enye yalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo isibungu esibulala amamitha amathathu, esiphila ngaphansi kwezilwandle.

Emanzini afudumele olwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya ekujuleni kuka-10- 40 m ungathola isibungu sase-Australia esinsomi, kuyaziwa nangokwesayensi ngaphansi kwegama lesiLatini u-Eunice aphroditois. Elinye igama livela kwisenzo sesiNgisi liye ku-bobbit ("shred", "cut").

Lesi sibungu esidliwayo esinamabhulashi amaningi sifinyelela kubude bamamitha amathathu, ngenkathi sisesesincane impela, ukushuba kwendalo kulo lonke ubude asidluli amasentimitha ayi-2,5.

Isibungu esinqwabelanayo siphila impilo yokuphila ngokweqile. Umzimba wakhe wonke ufihliwe kusilika, kuphela ikhanda lakhe liyaphakama ngaphezu kwalokho lapho lifuna inyamazane. Isibungu sikhangela isisulu ngosizo lwe-chitin antennae, bese sisebenzisa umhlathi waso onamandla wokuhumusha. Isisekelo sokudla izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-cephalopods kanye nokunye impilo yasolwandle

Indlela umbungu obulewe ngayo (ividiyo):

Hunt isitha ebusuku. Amacala angavamile achazwa lapho izibungu ziwela ngephutha ezinhlanzini ezinkulu futhi isikhathi eside zibanga ukulimala, zihlala zinganakiwe. Enye yezinto ezidume kakhulu ngo-2009 eBritish Blue Reef Aquarium. Isimenywa esingamenyiwe satholakala kuphela ngemuva kokufa okungapheli okwenzeka nge-rya ne-coral.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zesibungu esinsomi sase-Australia.

Osayizi iningi labantu besibungu esimpunga sase-Australia lisukela kumamitha angama-2,5 ubude, kepha lifinyelela elikhudlwana libe ngamamitha ayi-10. Kunobufakazi obungenakuqinisekiswa bokuthi izibalo ezinkulu kakhulu zalezi zibungu zasolwandle zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angama-35-50.

Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izinhlobo zezinhlobo u-aphroditois ziye zaqashelwa ososayensi njengomunye wabamele abade kunabo bonke phakathi kwezikelemu ze-polychaete. Zikhula ngokushesha, futhi ukwanda kosayizi kukhawulelwe kuphela ukutholakala kokudla. Amasampula abude obufana namamitha amathathu atholakala emanzini ase-Iberian Peninsula, e-Australia naseJapan.

Umbala wesibungu esinsomi sase-Australia umbala obonakalayo onsundu we-lilac noma onsundu wegolide, futhi unomhlanga onsomi onsomi. Njengakwezinye izibungu eziningi zaleli qembu, indandatho emhlophe idlula izungeze ingxenye yesine yomzimba.

Isibungu onsomi sase-Australia singcwatshwa esihlabathini noma ku-gravel, siveza ikhanda kuphela elinezakhiwo ezinjenge-antenna ezinhlanu ukusuka endaweni engaphansi. Lezi zinhlobo ezinhlanu, njengobuhlalu kanye nokwakheka kwe banded, aqukethe ama-recensor amakhemikhali we-photosensitive anquma ukusondela kwesisulu.

Ukuphonsa emuva emgodini wawo eduze kwesibungu kwenzeka ngokushesha ngejubane elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 ngomzuzwana. Isibungu onsomi sase-Australia sifanekiselwa yisixakaxaka somhlathi esingaphindeki, esakhiwa ngamabili amapuleti enziwe ngamaphayishi abekwe phezulu ngaphezu kwelinye. Okubizwa ngokuthi "imihlathi" kunencazelo yesayensi - 1 i-mandibles kanye nama-4-6 ama-maxillas. Isicoco esikhulu serated siyingxenye yama-maxilla. Imicu emihlanu eyimigqa - imisipha inama-receptors abucayi. Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia unezimbambo eziyi-1 zamehlo ezansi zezinyamazane, kepha azidlali indima enkulu ekubanjweni kokudla. IBobbit - isibungu siyisidleke sokujaha, kepha uma silambe kakhulu, siqoqa ukudla zizungeze imbobo emgodini wayo.

Lezi zinhlobo zifana kakhulu nesikere futhi zinekhono elihlukile lokusika ukukhiqizwa ngesigamu. Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia ufaka kuqala ubuthi kwisisulu saso, ufake amandla inyamazane yaso bese uyigaya.

Umsoco we-Australia Wormon Worm.

Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia isidalwa esimangazayo esidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinye izibungu, kanye ne-detritus, ulwelwe nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Uhola ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila yasebusuku futhi azingele ebusuku. Emini, ifihla emgodini wayo, kepha uma ilambile, iyokuzingela nangesikhathi sasemini. I-pharynx ene-appendages yokubamba ingabonakala njengegilavu ​​ngeminwe, ifakwe ngamamobolo abukhali. Lapho nje inyamazane ibanjiwe, isibungu onsomi wase-Australia sicasha sibuyele emgodini waso bese sigaya ukudla.

[hlela] Imininingwane evamile

Lesi sibungu esibi kakhulu singafinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ubude (ngobukhulu obungaba ngu-2,5 cm). Isibonelo, isampula etholwe ososayensi baseJapan yayingama-299 cm ubude, isisindo esingu-433 g futhi inezingxenye ezingama-673.

Isibungu sihlala emanzini atshisayo oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nasePacific kusuka eMpumalanga Afrika kuya e-Indonesia, Philippines ngisho naseJapan.

Ihlala ezansi, imvamisa ekujuleni kuka-6 kuya ku-40 m, ikakhulukazi emithambekeni yamakhorali kanye namachibi angajulile.

Umbala wesilwane uhlukahluka ebangeni elisuka kumdaka omnyama kuya kobomvu wegolide noma onsomi.

Umjikelezo wempilo nokukhiqizwa kabusha (ukusatshalaliswa) Eunice aphroditois cishe akufundwanga. Isibungu sikhula ngokushesha.

[hlela] Indlela yokuphila

Iphila impilo yokuphinga. Isibungu sihlala “mink” kusilayidi, ngaphezu kwekhanda laso kuphela eliphumela ngomhlathi onamandla. Umhlaseli uhlasela ngenhlanzi enkulu yejubane, ama-cephalopods, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinye izilwane zasemanzini ezidlula lapho. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela Eunice aphroditois ingaphuma esihlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-20-30. Ukuthola inyamazane E. aphroditois isebenzisa i-chitin antennae (antennas), imihlathi ye-chitin enamandla ukubamba nokusika izicubu zezisulu. Umhlaseli udla inyamazane yakhe endlini yokukhosela. Ngokweminye imibiko, kungasebenza ngaphandle kokudla cishe unyaka owodwa.

Ukuzingela E. aphroditois ebusuku, ngesikhathi sasemini, bacasha futhi baphumule.

Ukudla okungakanani i-hamster engakususa ngemuva kwezihlathi zakhe: ividiyo

Ummeleli omangalisayo womndeni we-hamster uhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSyria naseningizimu yeTurkey: i-Syria yaseSyria (Mesocricetus auratus). URodent ubhekisela ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezisengcupheni. Kwimvelo yakhe, ukutholakala kokudla okuhlala njalo akuqinisekisiwe, ngakho-ke, njengamanye ama-hamsters, ufundile ukukugcina kahle.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-hamsters aseSyria aphile cishe iminyaka emithathu, futhi ngalesi sikhathi aphatha cishe ithani lokudla. Bakha isitolo emigodini yabo, baqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi ukudla akukubi, bakuhlunga. Izitha zemvelo ze-hamster ziyizikhova nezinye izinyamazane, okuthi zifihle kuzo imisele. Besebenzisa ama-x-ray, ososayensi bahlola ukuthi lesi silwane sihamba kanjani ezintweni zaso nokuthi sithwala kanjani “amagugu” aso

Kwavela ukuthi i-rodent ivumelana nezimo ngokungajwayelekile: iyakwazi ukugoba ama-degree angama-180 futhi ifake ngokuphelele emhubheni omncane. Ngokumangazayo, inani lokudla anquma ukuthatha naye. Ngaphambi kwe-hamster babeka isitsha lapho kwakubekwa khona izithelo namantongomane - cishe angama-20 esewonke. Ngokushesha i-hamster yaqala ukugcwala izihlathi zakhe ngokudla, futhi ayizange ime kuze kube yilapho icindezela yonke into kuye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhumba se-rodent seluliwe, okuvumela ukuthi ube nokugcina hhayi ngemuva kwezihlathi kuphela, kepha futhi esifundeni samahlombe.

Isigaxa esisodwa kuphela sasingalingani, kepha i-hamster ayifuni ukusishiya futhi sayithwala sayibeka emazinyweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhamba ngepayipi elincane kuphenduke kwaba nzima kakhulu kunalokho obekuhleliwe, kepha noma kunjalo, isilwane sikwazile ukuthatha konke ukudla okudingayo ebangeni eliphephile ngasikhathi. Manje, kude nezitha, angakwazi ukuhlela kancane amasheya.

Ukusabalala kwesibungu esinsomi sase-Australia.

Isibungu onsomi sase-Australia sihlala emanzini afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engaphansi kwe-Indo-Pacific. Itholakala e-Indonesia, e-Australia, eduze nesiqhingi sase Fiji, Bali, New Guinea kanye nase Philippines.

Umhlonyane walithola kanjani igama elingaziwa kanjalo?

Igama elithi "Bobbit" lahlongozwa nguDkt Terry Gosliner ngonyaka we-1996, ebhekisa ecaleni elenzeka emndenini wakwaBobbit. Unkosikazi uLorena Bobbit waboshwa ngo-1993 ngokunquma ingxenye yezitho zakhe zobudoda nomyeni wakhe uJohn. Kepha kungani "uBobbit"? Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi umhlathi womhlathi uyafana, noma ngoba ingxenye yawo engaphandle ifana “nepeni elilungile,” kubhekiswa ukuthi lolu hlobo luni lwesibungu luzingcwaba olwandle futhi lubeka kuphela indawo encane yomzimba wokuzingela. Izincazelo ezinjalo ngemvelaphi yegama azinabufakazi obuqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho-ke uLorena Bobbitt wasebenzisa ummese njengesikhali, hhayi isikhafu nhlobo.

Kukhona inguquko ethinteka ngokwengeziwe yokuthi ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi inquma isitho sokulinganisa futhi siyidle. Kepha izimpethu zolwandle onsomi zase-Australia azinazo izitho zokuzala. Okwamanje, akunandaba ukuthi u-E. aphroditois wasithola kanjani isidlaliso; uhlobo lwazo lwabekwa kuhlobo lwe-Eunice. Futhi ngokubambelela okuvamile, incazelo ye "Bobbit worm" yahlala, eyasakazeka njengomlilo wasendle phakathi kwabantu, yabangela ukwethuka nokwesaba phakathi kwabantu abangazi.

Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia e-aquarium.

Indlela evame kakhulu yokuthi izimpethu z onsomi zase-Australia zingatshalaliswa e-aquarium ukuzigcina zisezindaweni zokwenziwa ngamatshe noma ngamakhorali avela esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific. Izikelemu eziningi zase-Australia ezimpunga zihlala ezindaweni zasemanzini ezihlala olwandle emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nasezanzini zasemanzini zabathandi bezempilo zasolwandle abazimele. Amathuba okuthola inzalo ku-Bobbit worms aphansi kakhulu. Lezi zibungu ezinkulu akunakwenzeka ukuthi zikhiqize ohlelweni oluvaliwe.

Ukusakazeka kwesibungu esinsomi sase-Australia.

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuzalaniswa nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesibungu esinsomi sase-Australia, kepha abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezocansi kuqala ngesikhathi sokuqala, lapho umuntu ecishe abe ngu-100 mm ubude, kuyilapho isibungu singakhula sibe ngamamitha amathathu. Noma izincazelo eziningi zibonisa ubude obuphakathi kakhulu obuphakathi - imitha eyodwa nobubanzi obungama-25 mm. Izikelemu zentambo yase-Australia ngesikhathi sokuzala ziphonsa uketshezi oluqukethe amaseli wegciwane endaweni yasemanzini. Amaqanda ahlanganiswa yisidoda futhi akhule. Kuvela izibungu ezincane emaqandeni, ezingakutholi ukunakekelwa kwabazali, zizondla futhi zikhula zodwa.

Izici zokuziphatha kwe-Australia worm onsomi.

Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia isidla-kudla esifukamela esifihla umzimba waso omude ezansi olwandle emgodini, oqukethe udaka, amatshe amatshe noma ithambo lamakhorali, lapho lilindele inyamazane ekhangayo. Isilwane esihlome nge-mandibles ebukhali sihlasela ngesilinganiso sokuthi umzimba wesisulu kwesinye isikhathi simane nje sinqume. Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane engafakwayo idlula usayizi wesibungu amahlandla ambalwa. IBobbit Worm iphendula kahle ekukhanyiseni. Uyakuvuma ukusondela kwanoma yimuphi umphikisi, kepha noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuhlala kude naye. Ungayithinti futhi uyikhiphe emgodini, imihlathi enamandla ingalimaza. Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia ungahamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia uyisidumbu phakathi kwezikelemu zasemanzini.

EJapan, isithonjana esingamamitha amathathu ubude besibhakabhaka sase-Australia satholakala epaki yasolwandle eKushimoto, eyayifihlwe ngaphansi kwephahla lwethoshi. Akukaziwa ukuthi uzinze nini kule ndawo, kepha iminyaka engu-13 wayedla izinhlanzi ethekwini. Akukacaci futhi ukuthi yisiphi isigaba, isibungu noma umuntu omdala, lesi sici silinganisile indawo yaso. Ubude besibungu bungama-299 cm, isisindo esingu-433 g, umzimba waso unezigaba ezingama-673, ezenza zibe ngomunye wabantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bakwa-aphroditois abake batholakala.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwatholakala imbuzane ende ebomvu e-Australia kwelinye lamathangi eBlue Reef reef aquarium e-UK. Lesi sikhulu sidale isiyaluyalu sangempela kubantu bendawo, futhi bacekela phansi umfuziselo omuhle kakhulu. Wonke amathangi asemanzini abe esehlanzwa amakhorali, amatshe nezitshalo. Lesi isibungu kwakuwukuphela kommeleli e-aquarium. Ngokunokwenzeka, waphonswa ethangini, wacasha esiqeshini samakhorali futhi kancane kancane wakhula waba usayizi omkhulu eminyakeni embalwa. Umbungu onsomi wase-Australia ufihla into enobuthi engadala ukuzwela okukhulu emisipha yomuntu uma ihlangana nayo.

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