I-musfish catfish noma i-Aguaruna, igama lesayensi i-Aguarunichthys torosus, ingeyamalungu omndeni wePimelodidae (Pimelodovye noma i-Flat-ekhanda lekati). Igama lesibili lale nhlobo linikezwa ukuhlonipha isizwe samaNdiya ahlala ehlathini lasePeru eMfuleni iMaranion, lapho abacwaningi beqala ukuthola le catfish. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi ezidla inyama ebhuqayo, kulula kakhulu ukuyigcina ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, noma kunjalo, ayinconywa kubaqalayo bokumba amanzi olwandle.

Habitat

Isuka kwelaseNingizimu Melika isuka emgodini iMfula iMaranion endaweni ephakeme ye-Amazon, igeleza ikakhulukazi ePeru nase-Ecuador. Ihlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene - imifula esheshayo igeleza ivela ezintabeni, namachibi akhelwe amanzi nezikhukhula ngasemfuleni omkhulu womfula.

Imininingwane emfushane:

Umsoco

I-Predator, ngokwemvelo idla ezinye izinhlanzi. E-aquariums ivumelanisa neminye imikhiqizo. Ungakhonza ngokudla okhethekile kwezinhlobo ezi-carnivorous, earthworms, shrimp inyama, izicubu, imichilo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Yondla izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto.

Ubukhulu obufanele be-aquarium nge-catfish eyodwa buqala kusuka kumalitha angama-500. Idizayini ayinandaba kangako nokugcina i-musfish catfish, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka isikhala esiningi samahhala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yamanzi kumazinga wokushisa owamukelekayo kanye nemingcele ye-hydrochemical. Ukuqongelelwa kukadoti we-organic (izinsalela zokuphakelwa nokuchithwa kwemfucumfucu), okuthi, ngenxa yezici zokudla, kungcolise amanzi ngokuqinile, akumele kuvunyelwe. Ukuqina kwendawo ezungezile kanye nokulinganisa kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kuya ngokuvama kwezinqubo eziphoqelekile zokugcinwa kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokuhlunga.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana

Hhayi ukubukeka okunobungane kakhulu, ezimeni zokuntuleka kwesikhala kuzoqala ukuqhudelana nezihlobo nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu eziphansi zensimu nezinsizakusebenza zokudla. Lapho isikhala sincipha, kulapho iba nokuhlukumezeka ngokwengeziwe okuziphatha. Noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane ziba yisisulu sazo, ngakho-ke akufanele zifakwe ngaphandle.

Isifo sezinhlanzi

Izifo eziningi zidalwa yizimo ezingafanele zokuboshwa. Indawo yokuhlala ezinzile izoba wukhiye wokulungiswa ngempumelelo. Uma kwenzeka kunezimpawu zalesi sifo, okokuqala, kufanele uhlole ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi, uma kukhona ukuphambuka, thatha izinyathelo zokulungisa isimo. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zanda, kuzodingeka umuthi. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.

Incazelo, ukubukeka

Umndeni we- “Flat-head catfish” uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zezinto ezahlukahlukene ngesimo nangosayizi. Ngasikhathi sinye, lo mndeni uhlukaniswa ubukhona babelungu abayisithupha abalingiswa. Elinye lamadevu litholakala emhlathini ongenhla, kanti amanye amabili ngababili asendaweni ye-chin.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! I-catfish yemisipha ihlukaniswa ngombala onsomi, kuyilapho iphethini elincanyana ngesimo samachashazi amnyama lisakazeka emzimbeni wonke, nangaphansi kweshashalazi nengxenye yamaphini we-pectoral ne-ventral ungabona ibhendi egqamile.

Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngama-cm angama-35 ubude. Izinhlanzi zalo mndeni zivezwa ukuba khona kwenkulu futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, ikhanda elibanzi. Kukholelwa ukuthi amehlo anosayizi abalungile.

Umzimba we-aguaruna udlulile, omunye wamaphiko we-dorsal uphakeme futhi ubanzi ngokwanele, kanti owesibili ubude futhi ulukhuni ngokwanele, ohlanganisa imisebe ethambile eyi-6-7. Amaphiko we-pectoral ebanzi impela futhi anesimo se-crescent. Amaphiko we-ventral mncane kakhulu kunamaphinifa we-pectoral. Ama-fat and anal fins awekho isikhathi eside, futhi inhlawulo ye-caudal inehlukaniso olubekiwe kakhulu.

Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo

Kuyemukelwa jikelele ukuthi izwe le-musfish catfish yiNingizimu Melika, kanye nezindawo zemifula iMaranion ne-Amazon, ezihamba phakathi kwendawo yePeru ne-Ecuador.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Uhlobo lwe- “Aguarunichthys torosus” lukhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila ebusuku, futhi iningi labamele lezinhlobo linolaka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuzigcina ezindaweni zasemanzini nezinye izinhlanzi.

Ama-catfish angenamakhanda atholakala emizimbeni yamanzi enezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imifula ene-esheshayo esheshayo, emachibini amachibi asezikhukhuleni kanye nefektri etholakala eduze kwesiteshi esikhulu, njll.

Kule nhlanzi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimo zokuhlala ziseduze kakhulu nemvelo. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokulungiswa njalo kwama-aquariums kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kokugcwaliswa kwamanzi kanye nohlelo lwe-aeration.

Ungayinikeza kanjani i-aquarium

Ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile nge-catfish eyodwa, uzodinga umthamo ongafika kumalitha angama-500 futhi ungabi ngaphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amanzi ahlangabezana nazo zonke izinkomba ezidingekayo, kokubumbeka kanye nokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-aquarium ligcinwa kuma-degrees angama-22-27.
• Izinkomba ze-Acidity - zisuka ku-5.8 ziye ku-7.2 pH.
• Izinkomba zokuqina - kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-15 dH.
• Inhlabathi ingaba yiluphi uhlobo.
• Ukukhanya kwanoma imuphi umsuka.
• Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza ukuhamba kwamanzi okubuthakathaka futhi okulinganiselayo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, imfucumfucu yendalo akufanele ivunyelwe ukunqwabelana e-aquarium, ngesimo se-extrement noma i-residual feed. Ngenxa yezici zesisekelo sokuphakelwa, amanzi asemanzini asheshe abe yinto engajwayelekile.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

Indawo umsuka we-musfish catfish uthathwa njengeNingizimu Melika, umfula iMaranion kanye nomgodi ongaphezulu we-Amazon, ogeleza ikakhulukazi ePeru nase-Ecuador.

Kuyathakazelisa! I-Aguaruniсhthys torosus yinhlanzi eholela ngokuyinhloko yokuphila kobusuku, futhi abamele abaningi bale nhlobo banolaka futhi abasebenzi ngokuphelele nabanye abamele izilo zasemanzini.

Izinhlanzi ezingamalungu omndeni we-catfish ophethwe yizicucu zihlalwa ngama-biotopes ahlukene kakhulu, amelelwa imifula esheshayo ephuma ezintabeni, amachibi asezikhukhuleni kanye nemithombo emuva komgwaqo omkhulu.

Emuva kokuqukethwe

Ukuqina kwendawo ezungezile kanye nokulingana kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kuncike ngqo ezinqubweni zezinqubo ezidingekayo zokulungiswa kwayo, kanye nokusebenza okulungile nokungaphazanyiswa kwemishini, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokuhlunga kwamanzi.

Ukulungiselela kwe-Aquarium

Ubukhulu obufanele be-aquarium ebekelwe ukugcinwa kwe-catfish eyodwa okungenani amalitha angama-500-550. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephezulu yamanzi ase-aquarium kumuntu owela amanzi ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bokushisa kanye nemingcele ye-hydrochemical efanele:

• izinkomba zokushisa zamanzi - 22-27 ° C,
• inani lemvelo yasemanzini likububanzi be-5.8-7.2 pH,
• izinkomba zobulukhuni bamanzi - ngezinga le-5.0-15 dGH,
• uhlobo lwesigatshana - noma uluphi uhlobo,
• uhlobo lokukhanya - noma uluphi uhlobo
• ukunyakaza kwamanzi e-aquarium - uhlobo olubuthakathaka noma olulinganiselayo.

Ukuqongelelwa kukadoti we-organic osendaweni ye-aquarium, emelelwa izinsalela zokuphaka kanye nokugaya, kufanele kuncishiswe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izici zokuphakelwa kwezinhlanzi ezidla inyama ngokushesha zinikeza amanzi ase-aquarium angaguquguquki.

Ukudla, ukudla

Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-Aguaruna ingumhlaseli futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo lo omele iqembu le-paraphyletic udla ikakhulukazi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Lapho igcinwa njengesilwane esimweni sezamanzi, umhlaseli wasemanzini ngokushesha futhi uvumelana kalula nemikhiqizo eminingi ehlukile, kanye nokuphakelwa okukhethekile okuhloselwe ukondla noma yiziphi izinhlobo zasemanzini ezihlelayo. Izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngesonto i-Aguaruna ine-feed enkulu ekudleni komhlaba, inyama eshisayo, izimbaza, kanye nemichilo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe.

Ukuziphatha okuvumelanayo

I-Aguaruna akuyona inhlobo enobungane kakhulu yecatfish, futhi nokuntuleka kwendawo yamahhala emanzini, inhlanzi enjalo ingancintisana hhayi nezihlobo zayo kuphela, kepha nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi ezinkulu eziphansi, ibaxoshe endaweni futhi isuse izinsiza zokudla eziphambili.

Njengoba okubonwayo kukhombisa, ezimweni ezingenamkhawulo kakhulu we-aquarium, izinhlanzi ezingamalungu omndeni wezinhlwathi ezinamaphethelo athambile ziba nolaka ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane ezikhona eziyizisulu futhi zibhujiswa ngenkani uhlobo lwe-Aguarun.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ubudlelwano phakathi kocansi bezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-Aguarun phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma luvame ukuba nokuthula, kepha endaweni eseduze kakhulu ye-aquarium kungaba nomsindo omkhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulwa ngobudlova okukhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokulimaza isilwane esinamandla noma esisongela impilo yakho.

Kuyathakazelisa! Amabili okuvuthwa wokunwebeka aqala ukudansa okujwayelekile, futhi lapho izimo ezifanele zakhiwa, kuvela ukuqhekeka.

Kwi -fishfish ye-aquarium catfish, esikhathini esiningi azikho izimo ze-cannibalism, kodwa bonke abantu asebekhulile kumele batshalwe nakanjani ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izifo zokuzala

Izimbangela zezifo eziningi zenhlanzi e-aquarium edumile enjalo.

Kuthunyelwe yizimo ezingafanelekile zokuboshwa noma ukwephulwa kokunakekelwa:

• ukuntuleka kokuvuselelwa kwamanzi we-turbid noma angcolile kakhulu wesikhathi eside,
• amanzi angafanelekile we-aquarium ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwawo okuyisisekelo noma ngamapharamitha we-hydraulic,
• ukungakwaneli noma ukuphatha kabi kakhulu, ukuhlelwa okungekuhle kwe-aquarium,
• ukukhanya okukhanya ngokweqile noma okunganele
• izimo eziphakeme kakhulu noma eziphansi kakhulu zamanzi,
• ukukhithika ngokweqile e-aquarium,
• ukungabheki kwezimpawu zokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi eziqukethwe ndawonye,
• ukusetshenziswa kokwakheka okungafanele kanye nokudla noma okuphakelayo okukhohlakele,
• amaphutha ekukhetheni kokudla.

Esikhathini esiningi, kwanele ukumane siqede amaphutha ezimweni zokuboshwa, kepha izifo ezingathi sína, kufaka phakathi izilonda eziyizidlakudla, igciwane, izilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokutheleleka, zizodinga ukuqokwa kwemithi efanele yokwelashwa.

Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi

Ingxenye ebalulekile yezihlobo zakwa-Aguarun, ezihlangene ne-catfish ephethwe yi-Flat, noma iPimelodovye, njengamanje inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke ezingagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zasemanzini. Ngokuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa, i-aquarium Aguaruna iyakwazi ukuphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nanhlanu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlanzi ezinje zifana kakhulu nemikhomo yokubulala yase-Afrika, kanti iphethini ebonakalayo ifana nombala wamakati asendle ahlala ehlathini, ngakho-ke i-Aguaruna idume ngokufanele hhayi nje kuphela phakathi kwezasekhaya kepha futhi nezangaphandle zasemanzini.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane eziphila emanzini ezihlaselayo, i-Aguaruna akulula kakhulu ukuyigcina futhi izodinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimweni eziningi, ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi kuqale izinhlanzi ezinjengabaqalayo bamanzi asemanzini.

Okuqukethwe kwe-Huaru ukunakekelwa kokuhambisana kokuqukethwe kwesithombe se-Huaru

I-Ouara, ngaphezulu, icichlid engunxantathu, ihlobo noma i-cuneiform ibona ama-cichlid - lapho nje engabizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi ye-aquarium, okungeyomndeni womndeni we-cichlid futhi otholakala ngokwemvelo emanzini amasha aseGuana, kanye nasezindongeni zomfula. Amazons.

Ngokubukeka, i-ovar iyahluka emzimbeni onesimo sediski, nekhanda elikhudlwana, umlomo wesifo nezindebe ezigcwele. Imikhawulo engenamikhawulo yemisebe ye-anal anal eyedlule ifana nokufana nezinzwa.

Umbala wale nhlanzi uvame ukuba nsundu kakhulu, kodwa-ke, nezinhlanzi ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinamabala amhlophe nazo ziyatholakala.

Oars eziluhlaza oluhlaza okotshani, ezinamehlo abomvu kanye nomugqa ophahlazekile emzimbeni wonke, nazo zingatholakala.

Ngobulili, kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweHuara ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kwensikazi, kuvela i-ovipositor enjenge-pear, bese kuthi kowesilisa, ama-vas deferens, akhotheme ekhanda. I-Uary - inhlanzi enkulu engafinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ubude.

Izimo ezinobunzima

IHuaru ihlala emihlambini lapho ukuhlonishwa kwabaphathi kuhlonishwa khona. Izinhlanzi zihlala ndawonye buthule nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezithanda ukuthula, ikakhulukazi nezihlobo zazo ezi-cichlid. Kodwa-ke, siphawula ukuthi i-uara yinhlanzi enamahloni kunalokho, kungcono ukuhlomisa i-aquarium ngenani elikhulu lamatshe neziboko, okuzoba yindawo yokuhlala yenhlanzi.

Kodwa-ke, ukushiya indawo enkulu yokubhukuda nakho kuyadingeka. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa insimu ngamatshe ayizicaba, uwafake ngokuqondile ku-aquarium. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ezimbili zizodinga i-aquarium enkulu ngokulinganayo yamalitha ayi-150. Kunconywa ukutshala uhlaza olunamafutha amancane e-aquarium, kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhodwe, ngoba ama-oars angadla izitshalo.

I-Uara yinhlanzi ye-aquarium ehlala phakathi nezendlalelo zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo eziphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi zifunwa kakhulu esimweni samanzi futhi azibekezeleli ukungcoliswa kwe-nitrogen. Kungakho ukuhlunga nokufakelwa ku-aquarium kumele kube namandla.

Ukushintshwa njalo kwama-40% wevolumu yamanzi ephelele nakho kuyadingeka. Njengoba i-uar ngokwemvelo ihlala emanzini e-acidic, e-aquarium i-acidity yamanzi kufanele ingathathi hlangothi - 6.0-7.5 ngobulukhuni obungafika ku-15 °.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcinwa kangcono kuma-25-30 degrees.

Kuyadingeka ukondla inhlanzi ngokudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga aklabile eklabishi, i-dandelion ne-ulethisi azoba umuthi omuhle kakhulu ku-wara. Kokudla okubukhoma, izinhlanzi zithanda ama-bloodworms, ishubhu, i-coronetra ne-shrimp.

Imithetho yokuzalanisa

Izinhlanzi ziyavuthwa ngokocansi, zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-10-12 izinyanga. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalanisa kuthunjwa kudinga kulandelwe imithetho ethile. Into yokuqala ukwazi ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingavela endaweni ehlala emanzini, zikhethe izidleke, amakamelo anombala wokuzalela.

Uma ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlala ethangini, zingaba usongo kuFry. Ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ngemuva kokunyuka kokushisa kwamanzi ngamadigri athile (ama-degrees angama-28- 30). Ubulukhuni bamanzi akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-8 °, acidity - 6.5-7.0 pH.

Inhlanzi yowesifazane ilingisa inqubo yokuqalwa kokuzala uma insikazi eyodwa ithatha indawo yeduna elihamba phambili. Ikhiqiza amaqanda amakhulu ama-300-500, ayibeka ngaphansi kwamatshe. ICaviar ifakwe amahora angama-72, ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezintathu uFry azoqala ukubhukuda ngokuzimela eyofuna ukudla.

Ukuqala kokudla - izindlala zesikhumba emzimbeni wabazali, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi banganikwa izibungu ze-artemia, ama-rotifers, ama-cyclops. Fry amasonto ama-2 weminyaka adinga ukudla kwezitshalo - zinike ulethisi ne-dandelion ezikalwe ngamanzi abilayo. Ababelethi batlhogomela inzalo yabo bebodwa.

Ukondla i-ouaru

Ukudla kwalezi zinhlanzi kufanele kube ngokucebile futhi okuhlukahlukene. Ukusuka kokudla kwezilwane nikeza i-shrimp, umhlonyane womfula, ishubhu, umhlume omkhulu wegazi, i-brine shrimp.

Iningi lamamenyu walezi cichlid ukudla kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, ulethisi onesikali, i-dandelion noma iklabishi. Ungafaka nemifino nezithelo ezinjenge-zucchini nama-apula.

Ukudla okuhlukahlukene okumhlophe eqandisiwe okuqukethe i-duckweed ne-spirulina nakho kufanelekile.

I-AQUA MANIAC - izindawo zasemanzini, izinhlanzi, izitshalo

SOMI NO SOMIKI.
Ingxenye 7 AGUARUNA.

I-musfish catfish noma i-Aguaruna, igama lesayensi i-Aguarunichthys torosus, ingeyamalungu omndeni wePimelodidae (Pimelodovye noma i-Flat-ekhanda lekati). Igama lesibili lale nhlobo linikezwa ukuhlonipha isizwe samaNdiya ahlala ehlathini lasePeru eMfuleni iMaranion, lapho abacwaningi beqala ukuthola le catfish. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi ezidla inyama ebhuqayo, kulula kakhulu ukuyigcina ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, noma kunjalo, ayinconywa kubaqalayo bokumba amanzi olwandle.
Isuka kwelaseNingizimu Melika isuka emgodini iMfula iMaranion endaweni ephakeme ye-Amazon, igeleza ikakhulukazi ePeru nase-Ecuador. Ihlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene - imifula esheshayo igeleza ivela ezintabeni, namachibi akhelwe amanzi nezikhukhula ngasemfuleni omkhulu womfula.

Umthamo we-aquarium uvela ku-500 l.

Inani le-PH - 5.8-7.2

Ubulukhuni bamanzi - 5- 15 dGH

Uhlobo lwesigatshana - noma yisiphi

Amanzi angaboli - cha

Ukuhamba kwamanzi - abuthakathaka noma abambekile

Ubukhulu benhlanzi bufika kuma-34 cm.

Ukudla - okuphakelayo kokudla kwezinhlobo ezi-carnivorous

Abantu abadala bafinyelela kubude obufika kuma-34 cm. I-catfish inomzimba omude omkhulu onekhanda elincane elisicaba elinezintuthwane eziyisithupha ezibucayi. Amaphiko lawo makhulu. Umbala ulula ngamabala amaningi amnyama.
I-Predator, ngokwemvelo idla ezinye izinhlanzi. E-aquariums ivumelanisa neminye imikhiqizo. Ungakhonza ngokudla okhethekile kwezinhlobo ezi-carnivorous, earthworms, shrimp inyama, izicubu, imichilo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe. Yondla izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto.
Ubukhulu obufanele be-aquarium nge-catfish eyodwa buqala kusuka kumalitha angama-500. Idizayini ayinandaba kangako nokugcina i-musfish catfish, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka isikhala esiningi samahhala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yamanzi kumazinga wokushisa owamukelekayo kanye nemingcele ye-hydrochemical. Ukuqongelelwa kukadoti we-organic (izinsalela zokuphakelwa nokuchithwa kwemfucumfucu), okuthi, ngenxa yezici zokudla, kungcolise amanzi ngokuqinile, akumele kuvunyelwe. Ukuqina kwendawo ezungezile kanye nokulinganisa kwemvelo ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kuya ngokuvama kwezinqubo eziphoqelekile zokugcinwa kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokuhlunga.
Hhayi ukubukeka okunobungane kakhulu, ezimeni zokuntuleka kwesikhala kuzoqala ukuqhudelana nezihlobo nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu eziphansi zensimu nezinsizakusebenza zokudla. Lapho isikhala sincipha, kulapho iba nokuhlukumezeka ngokwengeziwe okuziphatha. Noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane ziba yisisulu sazo, ngakho-ke akufanele zifakwe ngaphandle.

Izici zangaphandle

I-ouaru enamabala amnyama inekhanda elikhulu, Amehlo aphuzi aqonde kuso, umlomo wayo mkhulu, unezindebe ezinde. Ukuvumelanisa komzimba ku-oval, kuthambile kancane ezinhlangothini, kunwebekile, kufakwe emsileni. Emgqonyeni we-dorsal and anal kukhona imisebe enama-spiny enokubukeka ngenxa yokuvezwa kwendalo kwemiphetho.

Lawa manzi amade, athambile, ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala oyisisekelo wabantu abadala onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona nezinsimbi ezinezilinganiso ezimnyama ngombala omnyama endaweni emhlophe. Kukhona nezinhlanzi ezinezikali ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani kanye nomugqa obomvu omnyama odayiwe.

Bheka izinkuni ezinobungane obumnyama.

Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zinophawu olunamafutha omncane emphinjeni, namabala amathathu amnyama: amabili ngemuva kweso, emsileni, nangaphansi komzimba.

Ukukhula okuncane kumbozwe izindawo eziningi ezinsundu, ezizisiza ukuba zilingise imvelo, zizivikele engozini.

I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka - ubulili kulula ukucacisa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, lapho owesilisa enomsele womugqa we-seminal egobile ohlangothini, kuthi owesifazana abe ne-ovipositor ebunjwe ngopende.

Izinhlanzi ezinamabala amnyama zinomzimba we-discoid, ubude obuyi-20-30 cm. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni siyiminyaka engama-8-10. Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe zalolu hlobo zinemibala yomzimba onsundu; ibala elimnyama njengotshani libonakala kuso, ngoba izinhlanzi zaqamba igama lazo.

UKUXABANA NABANYE FISH

Ayilungele ukugcinwa kuma-aquariums ajwayelekile, kodwa efanelekile ukuhlala namanye ama-cichlid amakhulu eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.

Ama-cichlids aseNingizimu Melika anolaka oluncane kunabalingani bawo base-Afrika, kodwa ngokuvamile konke kuncike ngosayizi we-aquarium.

I-ouara ingagcinwa ngezinhlanzi ze-discus (yize lezi zinhlanzi ezinomusa kungezona omakhelwane abahle kakhulu), ezine-acara enamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-turquoise, idayimane cichlazoma, amasaka, i-cichlazomas enemigqa emnyama, i-cichlazoma enezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili.

Ngokuvamile, bahlangana kahle cishe nanoma iyiphi i-cichlid, inqobo nje uma ngabe laba bangazithinti.
Ama-Huara amabala amnyama ayizinhlanzi zenhlalo, kudingeka ukuthi agcinwe ngababili, noma kunabantu abaningana, bese athuthukisa isikhundla sokwembula amakhono ezenzo zawo. Kuliqiniso, umhlambi onjalo udinga i-aquarium ebanzi.

I-Nicaraguan cichlazoma - ubuhle obungathandeki

I-Nicaraguan cichlazoma Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (eyake yaziwa ngokuthi yiCichlasoma nicaraguense) ayijwayelekile ngemibala yayo nokwakheka komzimba. Abesilisa baseNicaraguan bakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa izinsikazi zibukeka zinhle kakhulu.

Umbala womzimba uncike kakhulu endaweni ahlala kuyo ngokwemvelo, kepha umbala omuhle kakhulu ungumzimba wedayimane-legolide, inhloko ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nesembozo seglue, nesisu sobubende.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-cichlazoma yaseNicaragua ingenye yama-cichlidi anemibala ekhanyayo, ulutsha lwayo luyi-nondescript, nsundu ngombala futhi aludonseli ukunakwa. Ngokusobala, ngakho-ke, akujwayelekile kakhulu, ngoba kunzima ukuthengisa nokuthola imali, kuyilapho okuncanyana kungakhanyi.

Kepha, uma wazi kahle ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwenhlanzi, lokhu kungenye yama-cichlid amahle kakhulu azokujabulisa iminyaka eminingi.

Lokhu kuyinhlanzi enhle yabasubathi basemanzini abanolwazi nabasezingeni eliphezulu. Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, iNicaraguan iyindawo futhi ingaba nolaka kubakhelwane bayo.

Kepha, noma kunjalo, ayinalo ulaka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-cichlid amakhulu aseCentral America.

Ukuphila endalweni

I-cichlazoma yaseNicaraguan yaqala yachazwa nguGunther ngo-1864. Ihlala eMelika Ephakathi: eLake Nicaragua, eMfuleni iMatina eCosta Rica.

Zitholakala kumachibi nemifula ngokugeleza okubuthakathaka noma okuphakathi. Amajuba adla izinambuzane, kepha abantu abadala bathuthela e-detritus, imbewu, ulwelwe, iminenke nezinye izidalwa ezihlasimulisayo.

Ubunzima kokuqukethwe

I-Nicaraguan cichlazoma yinhlanzi enkulu, kodwa enokuthula impela. Kulula ukuyigcina, kepha isadinga isipiliyoni esithile, njengoba ubukhulu bunika ukulinganiselwa kwabo.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-novice aquarist inganikeza i-aquarium ebanzi, amanzi ahlanzekile, ukondliwa okufanele nomakhelwane, khona-ke ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokuqukethwe.

Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi

Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, indawo yaseNicaragua futhi inolaka ekuvikeleni insimu yayo. Kodwa-ke, unolaka oluncane kunamanye ama-cichlid asayizi wakhe.

Ingagcinwa namanye ama-cichlid - inyosi, emthende omnyama, omnene, isalvini. Zigcinwa ngumbhangqwana, okulula ukuwuthatha uma uthenga izinhlanzi ezincane ezingama-6-6 bese uzikhulisa kanyekanye, uzinike isikhathi sokuba unqume i-pair.

Ukwehluka kobulili

Akulula ukwahlukanisa insikazi nowesilisa kowesilisa kuma-cichlids aseNicaraguan. Owesilisa mkhulu futhi une-dorsal fin ekhonjiwe ngaphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaxa esinamafutha sikhula ekhanda lowesilisa, yize ngokwemvelo kungokwesikhashana futhi kuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Insikazi incane kunowesilisa futhi imvamisa imibala enemibala egqamile.

Ukuzala

I-cichlazoma yaseNicaraguan izalela ngempumelelo e-aquarium. Babeka i-caviar emihosheni, kepha kufanele babhekwe njengababhangqeli abangabodwa, abadinga imihume eminingi nezindawo zokukhosela.

Bemba umgodi endaweni yokukhosela, ngoba i-caviar yaseNicaragua ayinamatheli futhi abakwazi ukuyinamathisela ezindongeni zesiphephelo.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda, ebonakalayo futhi enkulu (2 mm). Ekushiseni okungu-26 ° C, kuphekeka ngosuku lwesithathu, kuthi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-4-5, owesilisa abhukuda.

Kusukela kulo mzuzu kungadliwa nge-brine shrimp nauplii. Abazali banakekela i-caviar kanye nefry ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngokunemba, intokazi iyayinakekela, futhi owesilisa uyamvikela.

Izinhlanzi ze-Oranda: izici zokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa

Ama-aquarists anamuhla, lapho ethatha isinqumo sokwenza ekhoneni elincane lomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, azame ukukhetha izakhamizi ezithile ezithokozisayo nezingajwayelekile. Vele, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba noma iyiphi i-aquarium kufanele ibe ngumhlobiso wekhaya, futhi okukhangayo abantu abathile kuyo, ngcono.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona lezo zinhlanzi esezivele zijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha zinokubonakala okungejwayelekile ukuthi zingasalahlekeli ukuthandwa kwazo, noma ziphikisana nemuva lasemikhiqizweni emisha enjengemunga noma i-zebrafish GloFish. Le yi-oranda, okuyiqiniso ukuthi, iluhlobo lwezinhlanzi zegolide.

Lesi silwane sihluke ngokumangalisayo hhayi ezihlotsheni zaso eziseduzane, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlanzi ngokomthetho. I-Oranda inezici ezifanayo ne-dhahabufish evamile. Unezinsimbi zamaveyili ezithandekayo ezinesikhumba esihle, umzimba ovoid.

Kodwa-ke, kuyahluka ngoba kunokukhula ekhanda. Kungaba nefomu nombala ohluke kakhulu. Kwezinye, zincane futhi zitholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo kuphela. Kwabanye, imboza ikhanda ngokuphelele nangesimbozo se-gill.

Ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwayo, umuntu ngamunye uphatha le nhlanzi ngendlela yakhe. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kumane kukubi futhi bakuhlekise ngakho, bakubize ngokuthi “isithabathaba esintantayo”. Kwabanye, "chip" enjalo ekuthandweni kwabo, ngoba ngaso isilwane sibukeka singesjwayelekile.

Le nhlanzi ayinandawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Kuwuhlobo lwe-scrofula kuphela futhi olwaluhlotshiswe ngobuciko e-China China, emva kwalokho yafika eJapan.

Idlozi lakhe yi-carp elula yesiliva eyi-carp (umndeni wama-cyprinid), osuvele uthole umbala wegolide nomuntu.

Lapho-ke abafuyi bezitshalo banda ngisho nezinhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi izibonakude, amaparele, imisila yeveli, imishi, kanye ne-oranda.

Kunzima nokho ukuhlukanisa abantu ngobulili. Ngokuyisisekelo, umehluko uvela phakathi nenkathi yokuluka. Emadodeni, ama-tubercles avela kwizembozo ze-gill, bese izinsikazi zithola isisu esiyindilinga. Hhayi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukubona ubulili ngokuziphatha, ngoba abesilisa bajaha abesifazane ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Ukukhula ekhanda kungaba nesakhiwo nombala ohlukahlukene kakhulu. Kwezinye, zincane futhi zitholakala ngaphezu kwamehlo kuphela. Kwabanye, imboza ikhanda ngokuphelele nangesimbozo se-gill.

I-Oranda yona ngokwayo ayikhathaleli futhi iqinile. Kodwa-ke, usadinga ukuhlinzeka ngemibandela ethile yokuboshwa lapho angazizwa ekhululekile, akhule kahle futhi angalahli ubuhle bakhe bemvelo. Empeleni, ukunakekelwa kungokulandelayo:

I-Aquarium. Kubalulekile ukuthi ibanzi. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uholele ezikhangisweni noma ezitatimendeni zabathengisi ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zingathenga ne-aquarium encane, futhi ngisho “nembiza” eyindilinga iyokwenza.

Akunjalo, lesi silwane sidinga isitsha esigcwele futhi esikhululekile. Ukhula aze afike ku-15-20 cm, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abe nendawo lapho akwazi ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi enkulu idala umthwalo oqinile kubhalansi lwezinto eziphilayo e-aquarium.

Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, udinga ukubala ukuze umuntu oyedwa okungenani abe namalitha angama-50,

Amapharamitha wamanzi. Njenganoma iyiphi i-crucian, i-oranda ithanda amanzi apholile ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-18-22. Ukuqina nokuqina kukwesibili, lesi silwane asizweli kakhulu kuzo.

Abanye abathengisi bangase bathi, kunalokho, igolidefish ithanda amanzi afudumele ngaphezulu. Lutho neze. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, bagula kancane kuphela (ama-bacteria amaningi awaphili ngo-28-30 ° C), kepha ngasikhathi sinye isikhathi sokuphila kwabo siyancishiswa.

Esitolo sezilwane, akunandaba ukuthi "umkhiqizo" uhlala isikhathi esingakanani. Into esemqoka ukuthi akaguli futhi athengiswe ngokushesha,

I-Priming. Akukhathalekile impela, kepha kuyathandeka ukuthi kube kuncane kakhulu noma kukhulu. Amatshe aphakathi nendawo angabanjiswa emlonyeni wesilwane, khona-ke kuyodingeka ayikhiphe e-aquarium futhi asuse into yakini ngokwawo, besebenzisa ama-tweezers,

Izitshalo. Imvamisa, i-oranda itholakala e-aquarium ebanzi, lapho izitshalo zokufakelwa noma zonke izinhlobo zenqaba, imikhumbi noma i-driftwood zivame ukusetshenziswa kusuka ekuhlobiseni. Izimbali eziphilayo, njengomthetho, aziphili, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zinobuhlakani obukhulu futhi zibona izihlahla njengokugqokwa okuphezulu.

Inketho kuphela ukuthenga izitshalo ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande namaqabunga alukhuni. Isibonelo, kungaba yi-Anubias, izinhlobo eziningi ze-cryptocoryne, i-echinodorus. I-Ferns nayo ifanelekile.

Uma ukudla kudalwa ngendlela efanele, ungangeza futhi imbaza ethe xaxa efana ne-ludwigia, i-nymphaea,

Isibani. Akukhathalekile, kepha ukulungiswa kwe-LED enama-LEDs amaningi kufanelekile, okugcizelela umbala wezinhlanzi futhi kukwenze ugcwale ngokwengeziwe,

Isifo. Akukho ukuthambekela okuthile kulezi zilwane. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 futhi abaguli. Kepha uma okuqukethwe kungalungile, khona-ke "i-semolina", i-aeromonosis (yi-rubella), njll. Kungavela.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye i -fishfish, i-oranda igcwele kakhulu, inkondlo yabantu abadala yondliwa kanye ngosuku.

Ngokwahlukana kufanelekile ukusho isabelo. I-Oranda yinhlanzi egqama kakhulu engenawo umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, akufanele kube ngokweqile. Ukukhula okuncane kungondliwa kabili ngosuku, kepha ukuze kudlule imizuzu emi-5 konke ukudla kudliwe. Lapho umuntu ekhula, bayinika ukudla kanye ngosuku.

Isisekelo semenyu kufanele kube ukudla kwezitshalo. Lokhu kungaba okuphakelayo kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile ezivela kubakhiqizi. Kepha kuyadingeka futhi ukunikeza peas izikhathi ezi-1 ngeviki, ngoba kwenza kube njalo indlela yokugaya ukudla ejwayelekile. Zilungele lezo ezithengiswa ezitolo ezinkulu. Kwanele ukuyikha amanzi abilayo, uyihlanze futhi unikeze ezifuywayo. Abantu abakhulu badinga i-3 peas, ephakathi - 2, encane - akukho ngaphezu koyedwa.

Unganikeza ne-artemia masonto onke. Kuzothuthukisa ukukhula kwezinhlanzi, kepha ngokuzondla njalo kuzovusa ukukhuluphala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Oranda uthanda imifino ehlukahlukene nezinye izimila. Nenjabulo idla i-scalded plantain, i-dandelion. Ayideleli i-zucchini ebilisiwe, iklabishi, ithanga ngisho nezithelo ezinjengebhanana.

Izici zokuziphatha

Bambalwa abalimi abaphuphayo abaphawula ukuthi ama-cichlomas achaziwe ayizidalwa ezihamba ngamabili. Okusho ukuthi, ekuqaleni kohambo lwabo lwempilo, bakha umbhangqwana abahlala nabo empilweni yonke. Ngokuyisisekelo, abantu abahlukile ngokuziphatha okunokuthula, noma kunjalo, bangalwa nabanye abakhileyo be-aquarium ngaphezulu kwensimu.

Ukuze udale izimo ezifanele zokuhlala ndawonye kwalaba abamele umndeni wakwaTsikhlov, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili ngokweqile ithangi, ugijime izinhlanzi ngasikhathi sinye, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi bangabobudala obufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi abantu bakhona banezindawo zokukhosela ezanele lapho bengacasha khona kwabanye abahlali base-aquarium.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

Uma sazi ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane bakhetha omunye nomunye futhi impilo yabo yonke, kungcono uma ukwanda kwenzeka endaweni eyizihlambi ehlukile eklanyelwe lokhu. Umthamo wayo kufanele ube okungenani amalitha angama-60. I-gravel enhle ifaneleka njengomhlabathi, lapho insikazi izocanda umgodi wokufaka amaqanda.

Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa evundise amaqanda, insikazi iyawanakekela, iwahlole ngokucophelela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhathi sokufuduka sisukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine. Okokuqala, kuvela izibungu ezine-yolk sac. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu emva kwalokhu kuvela i-fry, edinga ukondliwa ngokudla okuqala.

"Abazali" zigcinwa nezilwane ezincane kuze kube yilapho izinsana zifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavuthiwe baphinde bavuselelwa ku-aquarium evamile. Uma lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi, ama-cichlid angadla izingane zawo. Izinhlanzi zizobe zikulungele ukuzalaniswa nokuzalela eneminyaka eyi-8-9 izinyanga.

Izifo, ukuvimbela kwazo

INicaraguan cichlazoma isempilweni enhle. Imvamisa, utholakala ukuthi unezifo ezifana:

• ukukhuluphala,
• I-dystrophy yezitho zangaphakathi,
• ukukhathala komzimba.

Ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu kokuvela kwalezi zimo njengokudla okukhethwe kahle, kugcina inhlanzeko emanzini. Kubalulekile ukuvikela inhlanzi ezimweni ezicindezelayo.

Unganaki ukuthi uhlobo oluchaziwe lwama-cichlid aluthathwa njengolwedume kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukunakekelwa okufanele nokunakekelwa kuzo kubenze babe ngumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wekhaya lama-novice aquarist.

Ukudla Nemodi

I-Aguaruna emvelweni iyisidlakela esidala, isisekelo sokudla okuyinhlanzi yezinye izinhlobo. Uma (i-catfish) ibekwe ku-aquarium, khona-ke isheshe isetshenziselwe okunye ukudla, ngendlela yokuphakelwa okukhethekile noma ezinye izinto zokudla zemvelaphi yezilwane.I-Aguaruna idla iminyundu, inyama eshishi, kanye nemichilo yezinhlanzi ezimhlophe kaningana ngesonto.

Ukuvumelana nokuziphatha

I-musfish catfish inolaka kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kuma-aquariums, ngoba ahlala engenaso isikhala esanele sale nhlanzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, le nhlanzi ingumqhudelwano ofanelekayo, kokubili izihlobo zayo nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi ezihola indlela yokuphila eseduze. Babaphoqa kalula ukuphuma endaweni yabo, ngenkathi bethatha izinsiza zokudla eziphambili.

Njengomphumela wokubonwa, kutholakale ukuthi ezimeni zamamanzini, uma kunokuntuleka kwevolumu, izinhlanzi zase-aquarium ezimele i- "Flat-hlooho catfish" zikhombisa ubutha obuphezulu. Kulokhu, noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane zasemanzini ziba isisulu salomhlaseli.

Ekugcineni

Imindeni eminingi iphupha ngokufaka i-aquarium enezinhlanzi ekhaya. Lokhu akuyona nje into esiza amalungu emindeni asondele emvelweni, kepha futhi kuyinto enhle yokuhlobisa, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sethu, lapho abaningi bephinde bakhona ukuze bakwazi ukwakha kabusha. Indlela yokuhlobisa ifulethi elinje? Umbuzo uyathakazelisa impela futhi wonke umuntu uxazulula inkinga enjalo ngendlela yabo. Wonke umuntu ufuna afane nabanye. Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke umuntu ufuna ukuziqhayisa ngokuthile okukhethekile. Futhi lapha i-aquarium yilokho okudingayo. Uma uyihlomisa kahle futhi ubeka inhlanzi eyingqayizivele kuyo, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile izothatha indawo yayo yokuhlonishwa endlini yokuhlala ehlonyelwe manje. Lapho kukhula i-aquarium, kuzobukeka okungcono futhi kukhange ngokwengeziwe, kuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwesimanje.

Ngeshwa, akuyena wonke umuntu olungele ukulawula wonke amapharamitha afanele wokuqukethwe. Njengomthetho, ngaphambi kokuba umniniyo aqonde ukuthi leli bhizinisi alilula kangako, kunezinhlanzi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Ama-amateurs amaningi kulesi sigaba "ajwayelekile", njengoba eqala ukuqonda ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukunaka kakhulu njengoba kudingeka. Abenkani kakhulu bayaqhubeka "nokuhlushwa" izinhlanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho baba ngabasolwandle abanolwazi olunzulu. Kuliqiniso, bambalwa abantu abanjalo, kepha abakwenzayo kufanelekile ukuhlonishwa nokulingiswa. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuphila ngobuhle!