Igama lesi Latin: | Acanthis cannabina |
Isigcawu: | Ama-Passerines |
Umndeni: | Qeda |
Ngokwengeziwe: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Kancane kancane kunondlunkulu. Ubude bomzimba 13 cm cm, amaphiko 23-25 26 cm, isisindo 14-20 g. Umsila mude, umfoloko umfushane, uphondo olumnyama ngombala. Azikho izithunzi eziluhlaza nphuzi ngombala weplamu. Indiza iyashesha, ayisebenzi. Lapho ukundiza amabanga amade kungakhuphukela ebangeni eliphakeme. Emhlabathini ahamba ngamalambu amancane agxuma. Qoqa ukudla (imbewu) kusuka emhlabathini noma uphume kuma-inflorescences, uhlale phansi ezitshalweni.
Incazelo. Owesilisa ogqoke ingubo yokuhlobisa inesikhwanyana esifubeni esikhanyayo emuva, inhloko engwevu, isifunda esinobuhlakani, ukukhanya, okumhlophe. Izisu nezangaphansi zimhlophe. Umphimbo omhlophe onemisipha emfushane ephuzi. Umbala webele emadodeni uyahluka: uvame ukupinki noma ubomvu okhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi kube bomvu. Kunendawo encane ebomvu ebunzini. Izinhlangothi zesisu ngokufaka okuhlanganayo okunsundu. Imingcele emhlophe emincane ayabonakala ezimpaphe zamaphiko nomsila. Owesilisa unemichilo emsundu esifubeni sakhe ekwindla, ithoni ebomvu icishe ingabonakali, ingubo yasesifubeni iyaqhathaniswa nesigqoko sokumpunga esikhanyayo. Owesifazane uthambile ngaphezulu futhi akanawo amathoni abomvu ngombala. Ngasemuva, esifubeni nasezinhlangothini, imifudlana emfushane yobumfushane. Uqhwaku lowesilisa luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo, insikazi ilula kancane, esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika umlomo u-brownish, i-mandible iphuzi, imilenze in nsundu, i-iris i nsundu.
Izinyoni ezincane ezigqokeni esidlekayo ziyahlukahluka kwabesifazane emapulini abo ahlukanisiwe, imibala elula ekhanda, izinkudla eziningi ezincane ezinde ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi zomzimba, kanye nomlomo omncane. Esikhathini feather entsha yasekwindla, bobabili abancane nabadala babo bobabili ubulili babukeka befana kakhulu ngenxa yemikhawulo ebanzi esezingeni eliphakeme ye-ocher yendawo yonke yephunga, isigaxa esenziwe ngemaski nemithunzi ekhanyayo yephaphethi. I-linnet yowesifazane ihlukile kudilika lentelikazi emzimbeni ololayo, kanye nokuba khona komngcele omhlophe emaphethelweni aphansi nezinsiba zomsila.
Vota. Ingoma iyathandeka, iyahlukahluka, inoshintsho olunikezwa ikhwela nokushayela izingcingo, izingcingo ezijwayelekile - "Finch"tyuv", Melodic"tululu"Futhi hlanya"tk-tk-tk».
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. E-Eurasia, kusatshalaliswa kusuka eziqhingini zaseBrithani, ugu lwe-Atlantic kanye naseningizimu yeS Scandinavia kuya eSigodini saseYenisei, nasezintabeni nasezintabeni zezinyawo zaseNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia Minor, eCrimea, eCaucasus, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, e-Asia Ephakathi, eningizimu yeKazakhstan nase-Altai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlala e-Canary Islands naseMadeira. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zohlobo olufudukayo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nezisenkabeni yeYurophu yaseYurophu, kwesinye isikhathi ubusika buba ngamanani amancane emzileni ophakathi nendawo. Kuhleliwe eCiscaucasia. Isidingo esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwezindawo zokuhlala ukuba khona kwezindawo ezivulekile nezihlahlana. Ingahlala ezimithini ezimanzi, endaweni eyomile, emithambekeni yezintaba, endaweni yamasiko.
Indlela yokuphila. Izidleke ezingadini, izingadi zemifino, izihlahlana, ngasemaphethelweni amasimu, ezindaweni ezivikelekile kojantshi bezitimela nasemigwaqweni emikhulu. Isidleke siphansi, singama-0.5-2,5 m ukusuka emhlabathini, esihlahleni esinobuthi, emaphethelweni noma ezigodini zocingo, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlahleni. Lesi isitsha esincane kodwa esinyene kunalokho, esakhiwe ngotshani, izimpande, izinti, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlanganiswa ne-moss, i-lichens kanye ne-cobwebs. Igqoko lifakwe emaceleni otshani, izicubu zezitshalo noma zoboya. E-clutch kunamaqanda angama-4-7 anombala omhlophe qwa, aluhlaza okotshani noma ongwephuzi ngemuva, ongabonakala ungenawo noma iyiphi iphethini noma ube namabala ansundu noma abomvu obukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu, obuvame kakhulu ukuba semaphethelweni amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa amabala obomvu onsomi obomvu, izintambo ezimnyama nama-curls athuthukiswa. Iphuphu limbozwe ngombala omude futhi omnyama ongezansi.
Ama-tickys adla futhi ondle cishe kuphela ngembewu yotshani, ngokuya kancane, ama-invertebrates. Kusukela ukuphela kwehlobo, ukuzulazula emihlambini emadolobheni angenalutho, phakela emhlabathini notshanini obude, uvame ukuhlangana ngama-greenfinches ne-Carduelis.
I-syn. I-Carduelis cannabina ne-linaria cannabina
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
I-Finch yomndeni - uFritillidae.
EBelarus - C. c. insangu.
Ukuzalanisa okujwayelekile, ukuthutha okufudukayo, ngezikhathi ezithile zezinhlobo zasebusika. Eminyakeni ehlukile, ezindaweni ezifanayo ingaxazulula kakhulu, noma, kunalokho, kuyaqabukela.
Encane kunondlunkulu, ebonakaliswa yi-dimorphism ebaluliwe. Owesilisa osemdala unekhanda elimpunga lomlotha, umphambili nesifuba kubomvu ngokugqamile, izembozo zangakwesobunxele nezamaphiko zibomvana ngombala obomvu, amaphiko nomsila zingwephuzi nsundu. UBill ungwevu, imilenze ibe nsundu. I-plumage yensikazi nenyoni encane ayifani umahluko, onsundu ngombala, ngaphandle kombala obomvu. Ngasemuva nasesifubeni, imisebe emide emnyama emnyama. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-14- 23 g, owesimame ungama-15- 21 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-12cm cm, amaphiko angaba ngu-21-25.5 cm.Ukuphakama kwamaphiko emaduna kukhona 7.5-9 cm, umsila ungama-5.5-6 cm , Tarsus 1,4-2,2 cm, umlomo u-0,9-1-1 cm. ubude bamaphiko ezinsikazi 7.5-8 cm, umsila 5-6.5 cm, Tarsus 1.4-1.9 cm, umlomo u-0, 9-1 cm.
Le nyoni ivame ukubonwa ihlala ezintanjeni noma ngaphezulu kwesihlahla nezihlahla eziphansi. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, abesilisa bavame ukucula. Ingoma ithulile, kepha kodwa yinde, iqukethe uchungechunge lwama-melodic trill kanye nemisindo yokuchofoza.
Prefers zivula izikhala nezihlahlana eziphansi. Amahlathi aqinile ayagwema. Imvamisa uhlala eduze nedamu. Kuhlala indawo enamasiko nezihlahla nezihlahla. Ihlala ezingadini, emapaki, emigodini yamathuna, emngcwabeni oseduze kwezindawo ezitshaliwe, ezivikelweni ezivikela iqhwa emigwaqweni emikhulu nezitimela, ezindaweni ezinamatshe amade, esifundeni sezikhukhula nasezithatheni eziseningizimu, emadolobheni aseduze nasezakhiweni zabantu, ikakhulukazi emadolobhaneni nasemadolobhaneni.
Bafika eminyakeni yesibili kaMashi - ingxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli.
Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli i-linnet ivame ukungena ezindaweni zokudla, abesilisa bahlabelela ngenkuthalo. Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwendlu, imvamisa ibanjelwa ngambili. Kodwa-ke, kaningi emaqenjini onke ahlala ezihlahleni phakathi kwamasimu noma eceleni kwendlela yemigwaqo emikhulu. Njengomthetho, izidleke zihlelwe ezihlahleni ezihlwabusayo zemithi kanye nezihlahlana, ezihlahleni ezincane zikaKhisimusi, amapayini, amajunipers, kanye nasezintweni zezitshalo zokuhlobisa (amagilebhisi asendle, ama-lilac, ama-vesicles, njll.), Kaningi emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla zezithelo (i-apula, eliphakathi kwe, i-cherry plum nabanye.). Ngokwesimo samasiko, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlangana ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile - ezinkunini zomlilo, ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi e-clapboard, ezitsheni zezitini nezihlangu zokhuni zokugcina iqhwa. Isidleke sakhiwa endaweni ephakeme eyi-0.6-3 m (imvamisa cishe ngu-1.5 m).
Isidleke siyindawo eminyene, eqinile, kepha eyakheke njengenyama yenkomishi engenakubalwa, esonteke kusuka kuma-rhizomes e-wheatgrass (endaweni ye-anthropic), isiqu se-heather, i-forbs (emaphethelweni wehlathi, imisele yokuphuma), i.e. kusuka kwinto yokwakha eqhelelekile exutshaniswe nezimpande ezacile, moss. Ugqoko uvame ukufakwa ungqimba obukhulu be-fluff yemifino, uvolo, izimpaphe, ihhashi, izimpande ezacile, kanye nokotini nentambo (kwesinye isikhathi i-lining iqukethe into eyodwa kuphela). Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungama-5.5-12 cm, ububanzi buyi-10,5-13 cm, ukujula kojantshi kungama-3-5 cm, ubukhulu kungama-7-8 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Ngokubopha okuphelele kwamaqanda angama-4-7 (imvamisa ama-5-6) ngombala okhanyayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe ngombala onsomi omnyama, amabala ansundu ngokubomvu, kanye nama-curls, kwesinye isikhathi akha i-corolla ekugcineni. Isisindo seqanda 1.7 g, ubude 17-20 mm, ububanzi 12-15 mm.
Isikhathi esidlekayo sinwetshwa kakhulu. Kutholakale imfuhlumfuhlu entsha kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (eminyakeni ethile ukusuka ekupheleni kweminyaka yesithathu ka-Ephreli) kuya eminyakeni eyishumi kaJulayi futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngisho nango-Agasti. Kunezingane ezimbili ngonyaka. Esimweni sokufa komashi, kuyaphindwa. Ifaka izinsuku eziyi-12-14 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izinsuku eziyishumi nambili), ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane.
Amathanga ashiya isidleke ngosuku lwe-12 lokuphila. Bobabili ngaphambi kokusuka esidlekeni, futhi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto behambile, bobabili laba bazali bahlala bondla amachwane, bawazuza ngomlomo ngokudla okulethwa yizikhwama ezingafani nalutho. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, uLinnet akakhombisi ukukhathazeka ngengozi esidlekeni. Azami ukuvikela inzalo, kepha azifihle.
Amancane omjikelezo wokuqala wohlobo lokuhlangana ahlanganiswa abe yimihlambi emincane bese athuthela ezindaweni ezidliwayo. Ngemuva kokumuka kwabasha, umjikelezo wesibili nawo uvame ukugcinwa emihlambini emincane.
Ukudla kwe-Hemp kuxubile: bondla amantshontsho ngezinambuzane, amacimbi, izicabucabu, kanti izinyoni ezindala zidla kakhulu imbewu yezikhambi zasendle nezitshaliwe. Esikhathini esedlule, lapho behlakulela isiko lobuchwepheshe le-hemp emasimini nasezihlolweni zabalimi, izinyoni zazithanda ukuzondla ngezithelo zaso ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ukusuka kwe-Autumn kwenzeka ngoSepthemba - Okthoba. Isikhala sezinyoni zivame ukuya emasimini, lapho zihlala khona okwesikhashana ezindaweni zokuzondla. UFedyushin noDolbyk (1967) bakhombisa ukuthi izinyoni zihamba emhlanjini ohlakazekile, zinamathela ezintangeni. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, ama-linnet abengavamile ezweni lethu, kepha amanye awo asebusika ebusika obufudumele, futhi eneqhwa kakhulu. Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, izihlahla ze-hemp ebusika ziye zaqashelwa eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeBelarus cishe njalo ngonyaka eBrest nasezindaweni zawo, ezindlini zasehlobo, nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zesifunda saseBrest.
Ubuningi be-Belarus bulinganiselwa kumabhangqa ayizinkulungwane eziyi-130-180, ubuningi buzinzile noma buyashintshashintsha kancane.
Ubudala obukhulu obhalisiwe eYurophu buyiminyaka engu-9 izinyanga ezi-5.
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2. Nikiforov M.E., Yotesky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus: A Handbook-Guest for Nice and Egg" Minsk, 1989. -479 k.
3. UGaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I. V. "Isayensi yezinyoni eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeBelarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.
4. UFedyushin A. V., UDolbik M. S. "Izinyoni zaseBelarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. UFransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) KUSUKELA uhlu lwamarekhodi okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinyoni zaseYurophu.