Ososayensi bathi izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, izilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane zinyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba wethu izikhathi ezili-1 000 ngokushesha kunezinga lemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi silahlekelwa yizinhlobo eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-130 nsuku zonke.
Embikweni oshicilelwe ekuqaleni kuka-2010, i-UN Commission on Biodiversity idonsela ukunaka kwezinguquko ezinhlekeleleni emhlabeni wezilwane zasendle. Umbhali walo mbiko uqhathanisa isimo samanje nokuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule.
Namuhla, ngaphezu kwe-40% yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo eMhlabeni zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Uma ngabe la amanani wokuqothuka aqhubeka noma esheshisa, khona-ke inani lezinhlobo ezisengozini emashumini eminyaka alandelayo lizoba ezigidini. Vele, lesi yisikhathi sokucabanga kubo bonke abakhileyo kule planethi, ngoba ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo ezithile kuholela ezinkingeni zomhlaba zemvelo, kusongele ukuqina kwendawo yonke yoMhlaba.
Namuhla sinikeza ukubheka kwezinhlobo ezingama-25 zezilwane ezibonakalayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, bese ucabanga ngomhlaba wezilwane zasendle ngaphandle kwazo ...
1. Koala
Usongo: Ngokwezilinganiso ze-Australia Koala Foundation (idatha ka-2008), cishe ama-100,000 ama-koalas asala endle.
I-koala yayizingelwa ngenkuthalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho basezisondele ukuqothulwa. Izigidi zezikhumba zezilwane zithengisiwe eYurophu naseMelika.
Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwama-koalas kwenzeka eQueensland ngo-1915, 1917 nango-1919, kwabe sekubulawa izilwane ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngesikhali, ubuthi kanye nemikhawulo. Lesi sibhicongo sabangela ukukhalaza komphakathi okubanzi futhi mhlawumbe kwakuyinkinga yokuqala yezemvelo ekuhlanganyeleni abantu base-Australia. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle komnyakazo okhulayo wokuvikela izinhlobo zabomdabu, ubuphofu nendlala okubangelwa isomiso sango-1926 kuya ku-1919 kuholele kwesinye isigameko sokubulawa kwabantu. Kungakapheli nenyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuvulwa kwenkathi yokuzingela ngo-Agasti 1927, ama-koalas angama-600,000 abhujiswa.
Namuhla, izinsongo ezinkulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo yilezi: imiphumela yokwenziwa kwabantu emadolobheni, ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo, ukuwa kwesitshalo se-koalas - eucalyptus fodder plant, izingozi zomgwaqo, nokuhlaselwa yinja. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanye amakoloni e-koala ahlaselwe kanzima yizifo ezithathelwanayo, ikakhulukazi i-chlamydia. I-Chlamydia ye-koalas ihlukile esimweni somuntu, ingaholela ebumpumputhe nokungazalisi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi okungenani ama-50% abantu batheleleka nge-chlamydia ne-retrovirus, okwenza buthaka ukungavikeleki kwezilwane.
2. Izimpimpi
Isimo: esengozini .
Usongo: Kule minyaka engama-20-30 edlule, ukwehla ngokushesha kwenani labantu be-chimpanzee kuye kwabonwa, ukubikezela ngekusasa akukhuthazi.
Ukwehla kwenani lama-chimpanzee kuhlotshaniswa nokucekelwa phansi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo abahlala kuzo (ezolimo ezishisayo nezishisayo, ukugawulwa kwemithi enkulu), ukuzingela ngenhloso yokukhiqiza inyama kanye nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni ngamathole. Muva nje, izifo ezithathelwanayo ziye zaba yingozi enkulu kubantu be-chimpanzee. Iqiniso ngukuthi chimpanzee athambekele ezifweni zabantu, futhi, ngenxa yokukhula kokuxhumana phakathi kwabo nabantu, kukhona ukwanda kwesibalo samacala okutheleleka ngegciwane.
3. Ama-Amur tiger
Isimo: esengozini.
Izinsongo: Eminyakeni engama-30 yekhulu le-XX, inani lamahlosi e-Amur lalingekho ngaphezulu kwabantu abangama-50, futhi ngokusho kweminye imibiko - lingadluli kuma-20-30. Izenzo ezihlelekile zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ngeminyaka yama-1980 zithele izithelo, inani lezilwane lenyuke laya kuma-200.
Usongo olukhulu lokuba khona kwamakati amakhulu belokhu luzingela njalo. Ithambo le-tiger emakethe emnyama yaseChina libiza isisindo salo ngegolide, isikhumba se-tiger siyindondo eyamukelekile.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, isidingo se-tiger bone sanda kakhulu, amaqembu ahlelekile abaqoqi bezinkemba ngaleso sikhathi ayekhubazeka kakhulu inani lezinyoni. Ngo-1993 kuphela lapho izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwe-Amur tiger ziphinde zaqala, futhi kakade ngo-1996 inani labo lase lisondele ku-430.
Namuhla, inani lamahlosi ahlala endle lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-431 - 529.
Ukugawulwa kwemithi enkulu okungekho emthethweni kanye nemililo yehlathi, ebaphuca indawo yokuhlala yabo ejwayelekile, nakho kube yingozi enkulu kumahlosi.
4. Indlovu yase-Afrika
Isimo: esengozini.
Usongo: Ekhulwini lama-20, inani lezindlovu zase-Afrika lehle kakhulu. Ukuzingela i-Ivory kutholile isilinganiso esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa kwamazwe omhlaba kwezohwebo lwendlovu (1990), inani lezindlovu zase-Afrika lehle ngesigamu. Emuva ngo-1970, bekukhona abantu abangama-400,000, kepha ngonyaka ka-2006 base bengama-10,000 kuphela.
IKenya ibe ngelinye lamazwe lapho izindlovu zase-Afrika zacekelwa phansi. Phakathi kuka-1973 no-1989, inani lezindlovu lapha lehle ngo-85%. EBurundi, eGambia, eMauritania naseSwaziland, izindlovu zanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Njengamanje, indlovu yase-Afrika ngokusemthethweni inokuvikelwa nguhulumeni, futhi kwezinye izindawo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nokwenyuka kwesibalo sabantu ngesilinganiso esingu-4%. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela kusasebenza namanje. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2012 kwaba nokuqubuka okukhulu ezimayini zezindlovu ezingekho emthethweni.
5. I-Galapagos Sea Lion
Isimo: esengozini .
Izinsongo: I-Galapagos Sea Lion luhlobo lwengonyama yasolwandle ehlala kuphela Isiqhingi saseGalapagos futhi, ngamanani amancane amancane, e-Isla de La Plata (Ecuador).
Isibalo sabantu ngonyaka we-1978 sasingaba ngu-40,000, okwamanje, isibalo sabantu sehle ngo-50%.
Izinsongo ezinkulu ukuthambekela kokubulawa kwabantu kanye nokuqedwa kokuzala ngesikhathi se-El Niño (ukuguquguquka kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi angaphezulu kwengxenye yolwandlekazi lwePacific Ocean, onomphumela obonakalayo esimweni sezulu), ukuhlaselwa ngabazingeli, kanye nokutheleleka kwezifo ezithathelanayo ezivela ezinjeni zasendle.
6. Isifufula saseGalapagos noma ufudu lwendlovu
Izinsongo: Kukholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakubhujiswe izimfudu zezindlovu ezingaphezu kuka-200,000. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni eziqhingini zaseCharles naseBarington izimfudu ziphele nya, kwamanye ziye zacishe zanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Amarekhodi wezingodo zemikhumbi aqala maphakathi nekhulu le-19 athi eminyakeni engama-36, imikhumbi engu-79 yasusa izimfudu ezisusa eziqhingini eziyi-10 373 kulezi ziqhingi. Iqiniso ngukuthi selivule iGalapagos, amatilosi aseYurophu aqala ukusebenzisa izimfudu zezindlovu njengokudla okuphilayo okwenziwe ngamakhekhe. Izilwane zagcwala izibambo, lapho zazinezinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zemvelo zokulima zacekelwa phansi, kwangeniswa futhi kwasatshalaliswa izilwane zasemzini ezinjengamagundane, izingulube nezimbuzi, okwaba umncintiswano wokudla kwezifudu.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, kwenziwa umzamo omningi ukubuyisa isibalo sabantu baseGalapagos turtles. Amawundlu athunjiwe akhishwa eziqhingini ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala zemvelo. Kuze kube manje, inani lamafudu endlovu lingaphezu kwabantu abayi-19,000.
Ezingxenyeni eziyishumi nanhlanu zemfudu yezindlovu, ziyishumi kuphela ezisindile namuhla. I-subspecies yeshumi nanye ibifanekiselwa kuthunjwa okukodwa. Uyaziwa kithi ngaphansi kwegama "uLone George." Ngeshwa, ngoJuni 2012, uGeorge washona.
7. Ingulule
Usongo: Kwake kwaba nesikhathi, izingulule zahlala cishe kulo lonke elase-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nendawo ephakathi ne-Asia. Namuhla zitholakala kuphela e-Afrika, eningizimu yeSahara nase-Asia, lapho abantu abangabodwa besondele ekuqothulweni.
Ama-cheetah amaningi awahlali ezindaweni ezivikelwe, lokhu kuholela ezingxabanweni nabalimi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindawo ezakhiwe, izingulule zivame ukuhlangana nabantu, ukuzingela imfuyo. Abantu bendawo bababheka 'njengezinambuzane' futhi bahlala balwa nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba se-cheetah siseyindondo eyamukelekile yabazingeli. Konke lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwesibalo sabantu; kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, isibalo sezingulule sehle ngamaphesenti angama-30.
8. I-gorilla yaseNtshonalanga
Isimo: isengozini enkulu.
Izinsongo: Emuva ngo-2007, ama-gorilla asentshonalanga abhalwa ku-Red Book yezinhlobo ezisengozini.
Ukuzingela, ukugawula izingodo, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu konke kukhungathekisa ukulingana kwemvelo kwendawo futhi kuholele ekuqothulweni kancane kancane kwabantu be-gorilla abasentshonalanga.
Kepha mhlawumbe usongo olukhulu ebukhoneni bokubakhona kwama-gorilla namuhla yi-Ebola virus, igunda abantu balolu hlobo, kubandakanya ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ukusuka ngo-1992 kuya ku-2011, iminyaka engama-20, inani lama gorilla asentshonalanga linciphe ngo-45%. Njengamanje, igciwane le-Ebola linganciphisa inani labantu baseNtshonalanga abangama-gorilla endaweni ebucayi lapho ukwelashwa kungasenakwenzeka.
9. IGrey's Zebra
Isimo: esengozini .
Izinsongo: Esikhathini esedlule, idube likaGrevy noma i-zebra yasogwadule yayisakazwa isuka eGibhithe iye eNyakatho Afrika, lapho yachithwa khona ezikhathini zasendulo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi bekungososayensi bakhe bendabuko basendulo ababebiza “ihlosi”.
Isibalo sezinkozi zikaGrvy ngeminyaka yo-1970s sasicishe sibe ngu-15,000, ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu lama-21 kwasala abantu abangama-3 500 kuphela, okuyi-75% ephansi. Namuhla kukholakala ukuthi isibalo sezimbaza zikaGreyvy ezihlala endle asidluli kuma-2 500. Ekudingisweni ziqukethe ama-zebras angaba ngu-600.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, i-zebhu ye-Grevy ibilokhu izingelwa ngonya ukuze ithole isikhumba esihle esibe ngumhlobiso owuthandayo wezangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-zebra yacekelwa phansi, ikubheka njengomncintiswano ongathandeki kwemfuyo emadlelweni. Muva nje, kuvela ukuthi amadube kaGrvy adla izinhlobo zotshani ezinzima ezingakwazi ukugaywa yizinkomo.
Njengamanje, eSomalia naseTopiya, i-zebra kaGrvy icishe iqothulwe ngokuphelele, eKenya kuphela lapho kwenzeka sakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo.
10. Imvubu
Izinsongo: Inani lemvubu emhlabeni kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule lehlile ngo-7 - 20%. Njengoba abachwepheshe bebikezela, eminyakeni engama-30 ezayo isibalo sabo sizokwehla ngomunye u-30%.
Yonke indawo inani lemvubu lithinteka kabi ngabantu. Abantu bendawo baphehla imvubu ukuze bathole inyama nethambo lesilwane. Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni ngemvubu okutholwe ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Isibonelo, ngo-1991 - 1992, amathani angaphezu kwe-27 amathambo athathwa kubadayisi nabazingeli ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lomhlaba otshaliwe uyakhula minyaka yonke, izindawo ezingasogwini zivame ukulinyelwa, okuyizindawo zemvubu nezasekhaya, nendawo yokudla.
11. Inkosi cobra
Usongo: INkosi cobra ingelinye lenyoka enkulu enobuthi emhlabeni. Ihlala kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Asia, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nasezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-East Asia (eseningizimu neChina).
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwesibalo senkosi cobra ukufakwa kwezinyawo ngenhloso yokuthola isikhumba ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo nezesekeli, ukuthola ubuthi benyoka, obulinganiswa nomuthi wesintu, kanye nokuthola inyama yenyoka negazi, okuthathwa njengokudla okumnandi kwamanye amazwe. Namuhla, usongo olukhulu kuzinhlobo ngumsebenzi owandile wesintu wokulima, okuholela ekunciphisweni okukhulu kwezindawo zokuhlala zenkosi cobra - amahlathi ashisayo.
12. Sloth collar
Izinsongo: Njengabahlali bezindawo ezishisayo, ngokungangabazeki ama-sloth ahlushwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazingelwa inyama. Ngenhlanhla, lo mkhuba ubelokhu uncipha muva nje.
Kwake kwatholakala ama-sloth ngisho naseNyakatho Melika. Manje bahlala eCentral naseNingizimu Melika kuphela, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseBrazil nasePatagonia.
13. Ibhubesi lase-Afrika
Izinsongo: Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, kuye kwehla ngokushesha inani lamabhubesi ase-Afrika. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, bakha kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-50% enani eliphelele.
Ngo-1950, isibalo sezingonyama zase-Afrika sasicishe sibe ngama-400,000, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s - 100,000, ngonyaka we-2002 - 2004 - 47,000-16,500 abantu.
Izizathu ezinkulu zokwehla kwenani lamabhubesi ase-Afrika yizifo ezithathelanayo, ukuzingela kwe-trophy kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Usongo olukhulu izingxabano nabantu. Abantu, bezama ukuvikela izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nempilo yabo, bavame ukubhubhisa ngokungenangqondo amabhubesi (izithiyo ezinobuthi ziwumkhuba ojwayelekile ekubhujisweni kwabo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhubesi aseNtshonalanga Afrika ahlukanisiwe namabhubesi ahlala enkabeni ye-Afrika. Lesi sici sithinta kabi ukuzala futhi, ekugcineni, ukwahlukahluka kofuzo kwezinhlobo.
Iqhaza elibalulekile kulondolozwe kwesibalo samaBhubesi ase-Afrika lidlalwa ngokwakhiwa kwamapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezigcinwe kuwo. Okudume kakhulu kulokhu yi-Etosha National Park eNamibia, iSerengeti National Park eTanzania, neKruger National Park eseNingizimu Afrika.
14. I-Orangutan
Isimo: isengozini enkulu (iSumatran orangutan), isengcupheni (iBornean orangutan).
Izinsongo: Ukulahleka kwendawo ngenxa yokugawulwa ngokweqile nokuguqulwa kwayo kwezolimo nokwakhiwa komgwaqo yizinkinga eziphambili ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zombili izinhlobo zama-orangutan. Njengamanje, ngaphandle kokudalwa kwamapaki ezwe lonke, amahlathi ayaqhubeka nokugawulwa ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzingela amathole ngenhloso yokuthengiswa kwawo okuqhubekayo kubeka engcupheni enkulu.
Eminyakeni engama-75 eyedlule, inani lama-orangutan ahlala eSumatra lehlile ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-80 futhi liyaqhubeka nokuwohloka okungalingani. EBorneo, inani labantu lehlile ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 kule minyaka engama-60 eyedlule.
15. URhino
Isimo: obhejane abamhlophe - abaseduze nokuqothulwa, obhejane baseSumatran, abamnyama nabaseJavanese - basengozini enkulu.
Izinsongo: Endle, obhejane abadala awunazo izitha ngaphandle kwabantu. Usongo olukhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobhejane ukuzingela. Uphondo lukabhejane luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe emnyama, lusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa nokwelapha. Emithini yaseChina, uphondo lukabhejane lubhekwa njenge-anti-fever ne-aphrodisiac esebenzayo. Emakethe emnyama, izindleko ngekhilogremu ngayinye yezimpondo zobhejane ifinyelela ku- $ 30,000.
Ngo-2009 kwaphawulwa ukwanda okungakaze kube khona ekuzingeleni, izindlela zokuvikela obhejane zatholakala zingasebenzi. Yize kunezingcingo zezikhulu zaseNingizimu Afrika zokulwa nokuzingela, izibalo zepaki likazwelonke zikhombisa okulandelayo: 2010 - 333 obhejane, ngo-2012 - 633.
16. Komodo lizard
Izinsongo: Isidlakela saseKomodo - isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esihlala eziqhingini zase-Indonesia zaseKomodo, Rinka, Flores, Gili nasePadar.
Umsebenzi wentabamlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzingela, ezokuvakasha - konke lokhu kuholele ekwehlisweni okukhulu kwenani lama-lizons aqapha. Namuhla, usongo olukhulu ezinhlotsheni ukonakaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi, ukuncipha kwenani lezinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinyathi, okuyizisulu eziyinhloko zokuqapha izimbungulu.
Ochwepheshe balinganisela inani labantu abangama-4,000 kuya ku-5,000. Kodwa-ke, abanye ososayensi besaba ukuthi kukhona abesifazane besifazane abangama-350 kuphela ubudala bokuzala phakathi kwabo. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ngo-1980 kwadalwa iKomodo National Park, exazulula izinkinga zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo.
17. I-panda enkulu
Isimo: esengozini.
Usongo: I-panda enkulu njengamanje itholakala kuphela ezintabeni ezithile maphakathi neChina, ikakhulukazi eSichuan futhi incane ezifundeni zaseShaanxi naseGansu. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ama-panda amakhulu akhishwa ezindaweni eziphansi lapho bake bahlala khona.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-panda enkulu ibilokhu izingela ngokuzingela, hhayi nje kuphela ngabantu bendawo abazingela isikhumba esithambile, kodwa nakwabezinye izizwe.Ngo-1869, lesi silwane sangeniswa eNtshonalanga, lapho saba yintandokazi yomphakathi futhi satholakala njengento yokudlala yobuningi. Ezimweni eziningi, lo mbono wadalwa ngenxa yemvelo yemifino yokudla kwe-pandas (isisekelo sokudla kwabo yi-bamboo).
Inani le-panda enkulu ngonyaka lincipha ngokungazelele, okubangelwa inani eliphansi kakhulu lokuzalwa endle nasekuthunjweni. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi okwamanje kunabantu abangaba ngu-1,600 abasele eMhlabeni.
18. I-Magellanic Penguin
Isimo: eduze nosongo lokuqothulwa.
Izigidi zalawa penguins zisahlala emaphethelweni e-Argentina naseChile. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezidla izindwani ze-Magellanic Penguin zithinteka kakhulu ekuchitheni kukawoyela, okubulala abantu abadala abangama-20,000 namachwane angama-22,000 unyaka ngamunye.
Ukwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi zasolwandle kuthinta nokusinda kwezinhlobo. Izinguquko ezinkulu zesimo sezulu zenze ukuthi ama-penguin angakwazi ukubhukuda ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka esidlekeni efuna ukudla.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ze-penguin eziyi-12 kwezingu-17 ziyehla ngokushesha.
19. Ibhere lasePolar
Izinsongo : Ngokwezibalo ze-World Conservation Union (idatha ka-2008), inani lamazwe omhlaba elinamaparele namuhla lisuka ku-20,000 liye kuma-25,000 abantu. Unyaka ngamunye inani labo lehliswa kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nokushisa komhlaba, i-Arctic ice incibilika ngokushesha. Okamabhere amancanyana, lokhu kusho ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nobunzima obukhulu ekutholeni ukudla.
Eminyakeni engama-45 edlule, inani lamabhere asebethambile lehlile lingaphezulu kwama-30%. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, kungakapheli iminyaka eyikhulu, amabhere we-polar anganyamalala ngokungenakulungiswa.
20. IGiraffe Rothschild
Isimo: esengozini .
Izinsongo: IGiraffa kaRothschild, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Baringo Giraffe noma i-Uganda Giraeve, ingesinye sezindawo ezingatheni kakhulu zezindlulamithi, endle kunamakhulu ambalwa kuphela.
Ezolimo ezindaweni ezihlala izindlulamithi ziye zaba yisizathu esikhulu sokwehliswa kwazo. Njengamanje, zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe eLake Nakuru National Park eKenya naseMurchison Falls National Park enyakatho ye-Uganda. Kukhona futhi Isikhungo sendlulamithi eNairobi, ekhaya kunezindlulamithi eziningi zeRothschild.
21. Sakwa
Isimo: isengozini.
Usongo: ISifaki luhlobo lwama-lemurs, abamele umndeni wakwa-Indri. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-sifaks: i-Verro siphack, i-Walnut siphack, i-Cracked siphack, i-siphac enomqhele wegolide, uSilika kanye ne-Perrier siphas. Bonke bahlala kuphela esiqhingini saseMadagascar.
Ukulahleka kwendawo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo nokushiswa kwamahlathi esifundeni nokuzingela okuqhubekayo kwama-lemurs kuyizisongo eziphambili zokuba khona kwalesi silwane esimangalisayo.
22. Humpback Whale
Usongo: Imikhomo ye-Humpback ibilokhu iyinto ekhalaza kakhulu amakhulu eminyaka ngo-1996, lokhu kwaholela ekunciphiseni kwamanani abo cishe ama-90%. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhomo ye-humpback kwaqoshwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1608, futhi ngekhulu le-18, ukuzingela kwemikhomo kwamafutha abo nenyama kwase kuthola inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuhweba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani imikhomo engama-181,400 yabanjwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukudoba ngomshini osebenza ngomshini phakathi kuka-1868 no-1965.
Ekhathazekile ngesimo esibucayi salezi zinhlobo, i-International Whaling Commission, ngonyaka we-1996, yethula umthetho ogcwele wokudotshwa komkhomo we-humpback whale Namuhla, ukudotshwa kwemikhomo kunqunyelwe abantu abambalwa ngonyaka, kuthathwe ogwini lwesiqhingi saseBequia (lesi siqhingi ngesesifundazwe saseSaint Vincent kanye neGrenadines). Ngasikhathi sinye, iJapan inohlelo lwesayensi lwe-humpback whale (JARPA-II), ngokusho ukuthi, ngonyaka we-2007 kuphela, kukhiqizwe imikhomo engama-50 "ngezinjongo zocwaningo".
Njengamanje, usayizi wabantu uyavama ukwanda. Noma kunjalo, kunezindlela eziningi zokusongela okungaguquki, njengokuthi: ukushayisana nemikhumbi, ukungcoliswa komsindo, amathuba okuba ubambeke egiyeni yokudoba.
23. Inja yeHyenoid
Isimo: esengozini .
Izinsongo: Kuze kube manje, inani lezinja ezimise okwama-hyena lizinkulungwane ezingama-3,000 - 5,000 kuphela ekubunjweni kwamaphakethe angama-60 - 100. Cishe isigamu sabantu abahlala eNingizimu Afrika, iningi eMpumalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi eKenya nase-Uganda, e-Central Africa kuyaqabukela.
Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwezinja ze-hyenoid zisobala: ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukudubula okungalawulwa.
24. Ibhere elimnyama
Isimo: isengozini eMelika, isengozini enkulu eCanada, inyamalale eMexico.
Usongo: Esikhathini esedlule, ama-grizzlies ayehlala ezindaweni ezinkulukazi kusuka e-Alaska kuya eTexas naseMexico.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abaxakile kuqale ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamakhosi eSpain. Ngokuqala kwabaseYurophu nokukhula kwezindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu, izindawo ezihlala kuzo zama-grizzlies zaqala ukuncipha ngokuqinile. KumaNdiya, ibhere kwakuyisilwane esiyi-totem futhi yabamba iqhaza elikhulu ezinganekwaneni zezizwe eziningi. Kodwa-ke, baze bazingela ngokubabaza, besebenzisa inyama yayo ukudla, isikhumba sokwenza izingubo, nezikhafu namazinyo njengobucwebecwebe. Kwabafuduki abavela eYurophu, ibhere laba ngumncintiswano ekukhiqizeni ukudla futhi laba sengozini empilweni, okwaholela ekuqothulweni kwalo ngobuningi.
Njengamanje, iningi labantu abadabukisayo lihlala e-Yellowstone National Park. Inani eliphelele lezinhlobo lilinganiselwa namuhla kubantu abangama-50 000.
25. Whale Shark
Izinsongo: Okwamanje, akukho datha eqondile ngenani labasakazi abaziwa ukuthi bahlala kanjani endle. Kodwa-ke, inani lalezi zinhlobo Emhlabeni alikaze libe likhulu. Abanye abacwaningi babika ukuthi kunabantu abangaba yinkulungwane kuphela abasele kule planethi.
Usongo olukhulu ebukhoneni boshaka be-whale, yiqiniso, ukudoba kwabo. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kwamanje kokubamba, ukudoba koshaka kuyaqhubeka eSoutheast Asia naseNdiya. Isici sokuthuthukiswa koshaka be-whale ukubakhula kwabo isikhathi eside kakhulu kanye namazinga okufuya okuhamba kancane, okwenza kungabi lula ukubuyisa inani labantu ngokushesha. Minyaka yonke, isibalo sabashaka be-whale emhlabeni sincishiswa ngo-5% - 6%.
IRhini elimhlophe
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abantu abangamashumi amathathu walolu hlobo bahlala emhlabeni. Okwamanje, yizinsikazi ezimbili kuphela zalolu hlobo ezisasele emvelweni. Ngo-Mashi 2019, owesilisa wokugcina walolu hlobo wafa eneminyaka engama-45. Kwakuwubhejane wakudala, futhi ososayensi kwadingeka bawususe ngenxa yokuhlushwa kanzima kwezifo ezihlobene nobudala. Kepha bakwazile ukuthatha kuye i-biomaterial kuye nge-IVF. Kukhona ithemba lokugcina lokufakwa kwezinsikazi okwenziwe ngobuciko ukukhiqiza inzalo yobhejane elimhlophe.
Ubuwazi ukuthi obhejane abamhlophe kungenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu emhlabeni?
Ubhejane kaJavan
Kwelinye lama-athikili akhe, i-biggest.ru ibhale ngezilwane eziqothulayo ngekhulu lama-21. Omunye wabo kwakungu obhejane baseCameroon. Omunye ummeleli wezinhlobo zobhejane usezandleni zokusinda. Cishe bangama-60 abantu abasasele obhejane baseJava, futhi bonke bagadiwe ngokucophelela epaki likazwelonke lase-Indonesia. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, babehlala eVietnam, kodwa ngenxa yezimpondo zabo, abazingeli bababhuqa ngokuphelele.
USaola
Leli qwele elingajwayelekile le-artiodactyl laqala ukutholakala ehlathini elisenyakatho neVietnam ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lokhu okutholwe bekungumuzwa wangempela. Okwamanje, kunezilwane ezingaba yishumi nambili, futhi zonke zivikelwe umbuso. Lapho bezama ukubenza bathunjwe, amaSulumane aqala ukushona emasontweni ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, ubuholi bezwe buwenqabele ngokuphelele ukuzingela kwalezi zilwane. Ngokusobala, endle, kungaba nabantu abanga-100.
Leopard eseMpumalanga Ekude
Lesi silwane esihle sihlala empumalanga yeRussia neChina. Inani eliphelele lezingwe licishe libe ngabantu abangama-80. Iningi lazo lihlala futhi lingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso epaki likazwelonke le Primorsky Krai. Ngaphansi kweshumi kula makati angavamile ahlala emazweni amabili. Ngo-2016, abasebenzi bepaki kazwelonke baqopha ukukhula okuphezulu kwama-kittens ngesikhathi sepaki ikhona. Lokhu kunika ithemba ngokuchuma kwesikhathi esizayo kwengwe eyiFar East.
I-gorilla esezintabeni
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungenampilo endaweni yezinyamazane ezinkulu ezinesizungu nokuzingela inyama kuholele enanini lama-gorilla. Okwamanje, kunabantu abangaphezu kwe-500. Ama-gorilla asezintabeni ahlala ezindaweni ezisele ezingenamagquma zamahlathi asendle e-equatorial Africa. Endlini yabo yokuhlala, ohulumeni base-Uganda, eCongo naseRwanda bahlela amapaki ezwe ukuvikela ama-gorilla asezintabeni.
Ingwe yeqhwa noma ingwe yeqhwa
Ihlala emazweni ayi-12 ase-Asia, kufaka phakathi izintaba zase-Altai zaseRussia kanti isibalo salawa makati sisuka ku-4 siye ku-7 izinkulungwane. Cishe iningi lezingwe zihlala ezintabeni zase China. E-Russia azikho izingwe zeqhwa ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Izwe selisungule uhlelo lukazwelonke lokuvikela nokukhiqiza kabusha amanani alezi zilwanyana ezinhle kakhulu.
Ama-orangutan aseKalimatran naseSumatran
Ukuqothulwa kwezinhlekelele e-Southeast Asia kanye nokuzingela kunciphise inani lama-orangutan laba yinto ephansi kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, uhla lwazo nezinombolo kunciphile. Ukuze uwasindise, kwenziwa amapulazi akhethekile lapho kukhuliswa khona izintandane futhi kuthathwa nezinkawu ezindala kubathengisi.
ECoror condor
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, indiza yakhe yayingabonakala kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Kepha maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 laqala ukuphela ngokushesha. Ukuqothulwa kweMerciless kwaholela ekutheni emvelweni akuhlali, futhi cishe izinyoni ezingamashumi amathathu zazihlala kwizilwane zasendle. Kusukela ngo-1992, lezi zinyoni bezigadliwe, sekwenziwe uhlelo olukhethekile lokuzalanisa i-condor yokuzalanisa. Okwamanje, inani labantu likwazile ukuthola izinyoni ezingamakhulu amathathu, futhi bonke bakhululwa.
By endleleni, ama-condors aphakathi kwezinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke, uhlu lwazo olubona kulesi sihloko.
Inyosi yaseNyakatho Melika
Ngekhulu le-19, imihlambi emikhulu yalezi zilwane yayihlala kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika. Kepha ngenxa yokoma, inzuzo yenyathi yabulawa yizigidi. Kugcinwe isithombe sangekhulu le-19, esathumba intaba enkulu yezikhumba zamabhu. Lokhu kwesabeka ekuqothulweni kwayo ngobukhulu kuholele ekuqothulweni okucishe kube ngokuphelele kwezilwane ezasinda enkathini yeqhwa nokuqothulwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngenhlanhla, ngo-1894, kwamiswa umthetho e-United States owenqabela ukuzingela noma yiziphi izilwane. Ngaleso sikhathi, kungaphansi kwenkulungwane yenkukhu eyaphila. Manje kunamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30, futhi wonke angabanikazi abazimele, kepha lesi sibalo sisasongela isibalo esiphelele senyathi yeNyakatho Melika.
Lokhu kungummeleli wokugcina wezinkunzi zasendle zaseYurophu, uhlobo lwenyathi. Indawo yokuhlala amahlathi aseYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, kwakukhona izinkomo nezinkunzi ezimbalwa kuphela, lapho inani lamanje lamabhuni lahamba khona. Izenzo ezonakalisayo ezalethwa yiMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili zabeka ukuzalaniswa okuphumelelayo kwe-buffalo kusondele ekuweni. Ukudalwa kwesibekelelo u "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" no "Oryol Polesie" kwenziwe elikhulu iqhaza ekugcinweni kwalesi silwanyana esiyingqayizivele. Manje zingaphezu kuka-3 500 izilwane ezihlala kulezi ziqiwu.
I-Oedipus ne-Pied tamarins
Manje izinhlobo eziphambili ze-tamarin, futhi ezingaba yishumi zazo, azisongelwa ngokubhujiswa, kuphela ama-Oedipus nePegom tamarins, okuyisibalo sawo esiye sanqunyelwa ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, asengozini. Inani labo alidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Lawa marmose amancane amahle afunwa kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngenxa yalokhu abanjwa angalawuleki futhi athengiswa emakethe emnyama.
I-Raptor enamabala amhlophe
Lesi silwane esixakile sohlobo lwe-pangolin sihlala emahlathini ashisayo asolwandle wase-Afrika aseCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ngo-2014, lolu hlobo lwezibankwa lwafakwa ohlwini lwabasesichengeni. Uma maduze nje akukho zinyathelo ezizothathwa ukuvikela lezi zilwane, khona-ke ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 inani labo labantu lingancishiswa.
Ukulondolozwa kwendalo
Okwamanje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloze konke ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo, ngoba wazalwa ngemvelo izigidi zeminyaka edlule. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezethulwe akuyona nje iqoqo elingakhethi, kodwa iqembu elisebenzayo elihlanganisiwe. Ukuqothulwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo kuyofaka ushintsho olukhulu kukho konke ukusebenza kwemvelo. Uhlobo ngalunye lubaluleke kakhulu futhi luhlukile emhlabeni wethu.
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Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zezilwane nezinyoni ezisengozini ezisengozini, kufanelekile ukubaphatha ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuvikelwa. Njengoba ziyizisulu ezisengozini enkulu, ubuntu bungalahlekelwa yile nhlobo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kungokonga izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile eziba ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwisifundazwe ngasinye nomuntu ngamunye.
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Izizathu ezinkulu zokulahleka kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezahlukahlukene yilezi: ukungcoliswa kwendawo yokuhlala izilwane, ukuzingela okungalawulwa ezindaweni ezinqatshelwe, ukubhujiswa kwezilwane ukudala imikhiqizo, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Wonke amazwe omhlaba anemithetho ethile yokuvikela ukuqothulwa kwezilwane zasendle ezilawula ukuzingela nokuloba okunengqondo, eRussia kunomthetho wokuzingela nokusebenzisa umhlaba wezilwane.
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Okwamanje kunencwadi ebizwa ngokuthi yiRed Book of the International Union for the Conservation of Natural, eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1948, lapho kubalwa khona izilwane nezitshalo ezingavamile. E-Russian Federation kukhona iNcwadi Ebomvu efanayo, eqopha izinhlobo ezisengcupheni zezwe lethu. Ngenxa yenqubomgomo yezwe, bekungenzeka ukusindisa ama-sabas nama-saigas abesemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa kusuka ekuqothulweni. Manje bavunyelwe ngisho nokuzingela. Isibalo se-kulans ne-bison sikhuphukile.
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ISaigas inganyamalala ebusweni boMhlaba
Ukukhathazeka ngokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungagcineki kude. Ngakho-ke uma uthatha inkathi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kuze kube sekupheleni kwamashumi amabili (eminye iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu) - izinhlobo ezingama-68 zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-130 zaphela.
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Ngokwezibalo eziqhutshwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, kudalwa uhlobo olulodwa noma izikhungo ezingaphansi konyaka ngamunye. Imvamisa kwenzeka into ethile lapho kwenzeka ukuqothuka okuyingxenye, okungukuthi, ukuqothuka emazweni athile. Ngakho-ke eRussia eCaucasus, umuntu uye waba neqhaza lokuthi izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye sezivele sezinyamalele. Yize lokhu kwenzeka phambilini: ngokwemibiko yabavubukuli, izinkabi zemaskandi zaziseRussia eminyakeni engama-200 edlule, futhi zabhalwa e-Alaska ngaphambi kuka-1900. Kepha kunezinhlobo esingazilahla esikhathini esifushane.
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Uhlu lwezilwane ezisengozini
Inyathi. Inyathi yeBialowieza inkulu ngobukhulu futhi ngombala onsomi omnyama yaqothulwa ngo-1927. Kwakukhona inyathi yaseCaucasian, inani laso elinamagoli ambalwa.
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I-Red Wolf - Lesi yisilo esikhulu esinombala wewolintshi. Kuleli fomu, kunamalunga angaphansi kweshumi, amabili awo atholakala ezweni lethu, kepha mancane kakhulu.
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Sterkh - crane elihlala enyakatho yeSiberia. Ngenxa yokwehliswa kwezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zisheshe ziphele.
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Uma sikhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezisengozini, izinyoni, izinambuzane, khona-ke izikhungo zocwaningo zinikeza izibalo ezahlukahlukene nezilinganiso. Manje ezingaphezu kuka-40% wezimbali nezilwane zisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini:
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1. Koala. Ukuncipha kwezinhlobo kwenzeka ngenxa yokusikwa kwe-eucalyptus - umthombo wabo wokudla, izinqubo zasemadolobheni nokuhlasela kwenja.
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2. Ama-Amur tiger. Izimbangela eziphambili zokwehla kwesibalo sabantu esokuzingela kanye nemililo yehlathi.
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3. I-Galapagos Sea Lion. Umthelela omubi ekukhiqizweni kwamabhubesi asolwandle ukonakala kwezimo zemvelo, kanye nokutheleleka okuvela ezinjeni zasendle.
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4. Ingulule. Abalimi bababulala njengoba izingulule zizingela imfuyo. Bazingelwa nangabazingeli ngenhloso yokufihla.
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5. Chimpanzee. Ukuncipha kwezinhlobo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuwohloka kwendawo yazo yokuhlala, ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kumathole abo, kanye nokutheleleka.
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6. I-gorilla yaseNtshonalanga. Ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu nokuzingela sekunciphisile abantu babo.
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7. ICollar sloth. Inani labantu liyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.
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8. I-Rhinoceros. Usongo olukhulu ngabazingeli abathengisa uphondo lukabhejane emakethe emnyama.
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9. Giant panda. Izinhlobo ziyahlakazwa endaweni yokuhlala. Izilwane zinamazinga aphansi okuzala.
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10. Indlovu yase-Afrika. Lolu hlobo luphinde lube yisisulu sokuzingela, ngoba izindlovu ibaluleke kakhulu.
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11. IGrey's Zebra. Lolu hlobo lwaluzingelwe ngenkuthalo ngenxa yesikhumba nokuncintisana kwamadlelo.
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12. Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa. Izinguquko endaweni yokuhlala yamabhere ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba kuthinta ukuncipha kwezinhlobo.
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13. Shuthe. Inani labantu liyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.
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14. Grizzly. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezincishisiwe ngenxa yokuzingela nengozi yamabhere kubantu.
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15. Ibhubesi lase-Afrika. Izinhlobo zidilizwa ngenxa yezingxabano nabantu, ukuzingela okusebenzayo, izifo ezithathelanayo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
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16. Isifufula saseGalapagos. Bacekelwa phansi ngentshiseko, bashintsha izindawo zokuhlala. Izilwane ezethulwe eGalapagossa zikuthinte kabi ukuzala kwazo.
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17. Komodo lizard. Izinhlobo ziyancipha ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nokuzingela.
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18. Ushaka whale. Inciphise inani labantu ngenxa yoshaka.
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19. Inja yeHyena. Uhlobo lufa ngenxa yezifo ezithathelanayo kanye noshintsho endaweni yokuhlala.
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20. imvubu. Ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kumathambo enyama nawezilwane kuholele ekunciphiseni kwabantu.
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21. I-Magellanic Penguin. Inani labantu lihlushwa ukuchitheka okungapheli kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli.
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22. Humpback whale. Izinhlobo ziyancipha ngenxa yehhala.
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23. INkosi uCobra. Izinhlobo zaba yisisulu sokuzingela.
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24. IGiraffe Rothschild. Izilwane ziyahlupheka ngenxa yendawo encishisiwe.
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25. I-Orangutan. Inani labantu liyancipha ngenxa yezinqubo zasemadolobheni nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo.
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Uhlu lwezilwane ezisengozini kuphela alunqunyelwe kulezi zinhlobo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, usongo olukhulu ngumuntu nemiphumela yemisebenzi yakhe. Kunezinhlelo zombuso zokulondolozwa kwezilwane ezisengozini. Futhi wonke umuntu angaba negalelo kulondolozo lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini.
Kungani izilwane zifa ngaphandle?
Ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo ezindala nokuvela kwezintsha kuyinqubo yemvelo ngokuphelele eMhlabeni. Emakhulwini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ukuqothulwa kwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, futhi hhayi kudala kakhulu, umuntu wanezelwa ngalezi zizathu. Kepha qala kuqala.
Zonke izikhathi zokuqothula zangaphambili zazihlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuhamba kwamapuleti e-tectonic, umsebenzi wentabamlilo, ukushayisana nemizimba yasezulwini, njll. Ukuqothulwa kwezilwane kwamanje (okukhula ngokushesha) kwaqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-100,000 edlule. - ngesikhathi sokuhlalwa kwabantu emhlabeni. Okhokho bethu bakude bahlasela imvelo ngokungazi futhi bacekela phansi ukulingana kwemvelo, ukuzingela, ukucekela phansi indawo yokuhlala nokusabalalisa lesi sifo.
Kepha okunye futhi, eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-10 000 edlule, sasihlakulela ezolimo futhi saqala ukuphila impilo enhle. Ukuzakhela izindawo ahlala kuzo, umuntu waziguqula imvelo yasendaweni wazenzela yona, kuwo wonke umlando ongazange uvunyelwe ezinye izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izilwane zimane zafa, ezinye zathutha zaya ezindaweni ezintsha futhi, zagcwala khona izinhlobo zezilwane zalapho.
Ukuphazamiseka kweHabitat
Ngezidingo zethu, kwakudingeka sibhekane nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukulima umhlaba, ukudonsa indawo yokubhukuda, ukudala amadamu okugcina - konke lokhu kwashintsha kakhulu indawo yokuhlala yezinto eziphilayo. Izilwane zaphelelwa yindawo yazo yokuhlala, lapho zathenga khona ukudla zanda.
Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane iba engafanele ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ama-pesticides, i-oyili, ama-phenols, izinsimbi, imfucumfucu enobuthi kanye ne-nyukiliya - konke lokhu kuthinta umkhathi, inhlabathi, izilwandle, futhi, kuthinta kabi bonke abakhileyo eMhlabeni.
Zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyaxhuma futhi ukuqothulwa kwezilwane zohlobo olulodwa kuvame ukucunula ezinye ukuqothulwa. Lo mkhuba ubizwa "Umphumela oqoqiwe".
Isibonelo. EMalaysia, banqume ukuqeda ngokuphelele omiyane bomalaleveva ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-DDT. Omiyane bayehlulwa - umalaleveva awesabeki! Kepha kube khona amaqhude angazange athintwe yi-DDT. Amachaphaza adliwe yizibankwa, okwenziwa buthakathaka kwe-pesticide. Ngakho-ke izibankwa zaba inyamazane elula yamakati, okwadala ukubulawa kwalaba bantu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuleso sifunda inani lamagundane athwala izifo ukuze alingane nomalaleveva lenyuka kakhulu.
I-ring-tailed lemur
I-Feline (noma iRing-tailed) lemurs ingabonakala ezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile nasemahlathini aseningizimu yeMadagascar. I-International Union for Conservation of Natural ihlukanise lolu hlobo njengoba lusengozini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lale lemurs lehlile ezilwaneni ezingama-2 000 kuya ku-2400 - ukwehliswa okushaqisayo kwama-95% kusukela ngonyaka ka-2000. Ukushayela okusemqoka kokuncipha kwenani labantu be-lemur kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kwendawo okusheshayo, ukuzingela nokuhweba ngezilwane emakethe emnyama.
INosach
Esiqhingini sesithathu ngobukhulu seplanethi iBarneo, lolu hlobo lwenkawu luyisifo. Kaningi zitholakala eduze nemifula, kanye nasezindaweni ezisogwini, emahlathini nasezixhaphozini. Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwezihlahla okungalawulwa, eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, inani labantu base-nosen lehlile ngo-40%. Futhi isizathu salokhu kwehla ukuzingela kwalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile. Inyama yabo yaziswa kakhulu emithini yaseChina.
Ngendlela, esizeni sethu i-biggest.ru ungabona uhlu lweziqhingi ezinkulu kakhulu zoMhlaba endaweni.
Ukumbiwa ngokweqile
Namuhla sisebenzisa umhlaba wezilwane hhayi njengomthombo wokudla kuphela, kepha futhi nokukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezidingo eziningi ezingabalulekile.
Ekhiqizweni kwemithi, amakha, izimonyo neminye imikhiqizo yezimboni, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyadingeka, okungukuthi, izinto zokusetshenziswa kwezilwane. Ngokusemthethweni, izilwane ezisengozini azihambi kulezi zidingo, kepha umthetho awuzange ubhalelwe abazingeli.
Ukuzingela kanye nokushushumbisa izilwane kuthuthukiswa ngendlela emangalisayo kuwo wonke amazwe futhi kubangela ukulimala okungalingani emvelweni. Ngakho-ke uyakwazi lokho ukushushumbisa izilwane nezitshalo kungaqhathaniswa nezikhali zokushushumbisa nezidakamizwa? Futhi-ke, asihlali sikhuluma ngokushushumbisa okungekho emthethweni kwezilwane ezingandile ngefomu bukhoma, kepha kuvame ukukhuluma ngezingxenye zabo ezibalulekile: ithambo, uboya, njll.
Isibonelo esithusayo sokuqothulwa ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile inyoni yakwaDodo, esizokhuluma ngayo okuningi.
Ithonya lezinhlobo zomhlaba
Kukhona into enjalo "isingeniso" - Lokhu kwenziwa kabusha komuntu ngenhloso futhi kungahlosile kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ngaphandle kwendawo yazo. Ngamanye amagama, ngenxa yomuntu, izinhlobo ezintsha zaqala ukuvela lapho zazingakaze zibe khona ngaphambili futhi kwakungafanele zibe lapho. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezethulwayo, ezingenazitha zemvelo endaweni entsha, ziqala ukwanda futhi zidilize izakhamuzi zendawo.
Isibonelo esihle ukwethulwa konogwaja e-Australia. Babalethe lapho bevela eNgilandi bezokuzingela ezemidlalo. Onogwaja babethanda isimo sezulu sendawo, futhi izitha zakhona zazingagugi ngokwanele ukuba zizizingele. Ngakho-ke, i-eared yasuka ngokushesha futhi yaqala ukubhubhisa wonke amadlelo. Izimpungushe zilethwe e-Australia ukuze ziqothulwe, kepha zaqala ukuzingela izimbangi zasendaweni, okwakudala isimo kuphela. Sikwazi ukukhipha onogwaja ngesigamu ngosizo lwegciwane elikhethekile.
I-Dodo (Dodo)
Lezi zinyoni ezingenazindiza zazihlala eziqhingini zaseMascarene naseMauritius. Kepha ikoloni lokusebenziseka kwalezi zindawo ngekhulu le-17 laba yisizathu sokuqothulwa kwazo maduze. Abantu hhayi kuphela ukuzingela kakhulu i-Drontov, kodwa futhi baletha ezinye izinyamazane (amagundane, amakati, izinja), nazo ezibe nomthelela.
Igama "Dodo" (kusuka ngesiPutukezi - "isiphukuphuku"), lezi zinyoni zamukelwa amatilosi. Iqiniso ngukuthi endaweni abahlala kuyo babengenazitha futhi babethembele ebudlelwaneni nabantu. Sasingekho isidingo esithile sokuzingela ama-Dronts - amane asondela kuwo futhi ashaywa ngenduku ekhanda. Futhi kwakunzima kulezi zinyoni ukucasha engozini, ngoba abakwazanga ukundiza, ukubhukuda, noma ukugijima ngokushesha.
Isifanekiselo saseMauritius sibonisa iDront
Ummeleli omkhulu kunenye yezinsizakusebenza zalezi zinyoni afinyelela kumamitha ayi-3,5 nesisindo esingama-250 kg. Zazingenamaphiko. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-16 bahlala e-New Zealand, baze baba ngokuphelele iqothulwe abomdabu.
Carolina Parrot
Lolu hlobo kwakungukuphela kwepholiji elalihlala eNyakatho Melika. Kepha kwavela ukuthi akubalulekile kanye nepholiji yaseCarolina iqothulwengoba amasimu alimele nezihlahla zezithelo. Bagcina ukubonwa ngawo-1920s.
I-Steller Cormorant
Esinye isibonelo lapho izidalwa ezingakwazi ukucasha zimane zafa ngokuhlaselwa ngabantu. Zindize kabi, futhi mhlawumbe azazi ukuthi kanjani. ngalokho ukuzingela akubanga nzima kubo. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu ngemuva kokutholakala, izinhlobo zezilwane sezinyamalele ngokuphelele.
I-Tasmanian tiger
Ummeleli wokugcina walezinhlobo washona ngo-1936. Kwakuyi-carnivore enkulu kunazo zonke ezinjenge-marsupial carnivore, ehlala esiqhingini saseTasmania. Ukubhujiswa ngumuntu ngenxa ukulimala kwezolimo.
Ngale ndlela, bazama ukubopha ihlosi laseTasmanian besebenzisa iDNA yemidlwane yotshwala. Kepha iphrojekthi yehlulekile, ngoba IDNA ayikwazanga ukukhishwa.
ECamibia obhejane abamnyama
Ngesinye isikhathi, abamele le mikhombandlela yobhejane basatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke elase-Afrika, kodwa ngenkuthalo abazingeli ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000s, kwasala abantu abambalwa kuphela. Ngo-2011, umuntu wokugcina wale nhlobo akazange abe.
Ngale ndlela, ososayensi abaningi bathi cishe ingxenye yengxenye yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo izonyamalala eminyakeni eyikhulu.
Isifutho sendlovu yase-Abingdon
Ngo-2012, uLone George washona - owayengummeleli wokugcina wale nhlobo. Lezi izimfudu ezinkulu zomhlaba zaziyizakhamuzi zaseGalopogsky Islands. Abaningi babo basinda baba yiminyaka engama-200. Ngeshwa lezi izimfudu zonakalisa indawo yokuhlala nabantu. Inyama emnandi negobolondo elihle - kahle, hlobo luni lomzingeli olungamelana nalo? Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuvinjwa kokuzingela kwethulwa ngendlela yesikhathi, kepha abazingeli abanandaba nemithetho ...
I-Quagga
Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile, esifana no-hybrid we-zebra nehhashi, sasivamile eNingizimu Afrika. Babekhohliseka kalula futhi benobungane, ngakho-ke ukubanga insangu kwakulula. Baqothulwa ngenxa yenyama emnandi. nesikhumba esibalulekile. Ummeleli wokugcina walezi zinhlobo washona ngo-1883.
Ibhere laseMexico elizwelayo
Yabonakala ukuqothuka ngo-1964. Wahlala eNyakatho Melika waze waba ngokuphelele iqothulwa ngabalimi bendawongoba wahlasela imfuyo.
Qiniseka ukuthi ubukela ividiyo, ekhuluma ngezilwane ezithile ezingasekho ngenxa yephutha lethu:
I-Chirol
Lolu hlobo lwe-antelope, olutholakala emathafeni otshani phakathi kweKenya neSomalia, luhlushwa kakhulu yizifo, izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi, nabantu. Kancane kancane sibhubhisa indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane, sizizingele futhi sizincishe ukudla, ziluse imihlambi yezinkomo.
Namuhla inani le-chirol alidluli kubantu abangu-1000. Kodwa-ke, azigcinwa ezindaweni zoo futhi azifakwanga ezitokisini.
I-Orangutan
Emvelweni, lezi zinkawu ziyizihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zomuntu. Kepha lokhu akusivimbi ukuthi sinqume amahlathi lapho behlala khona, futhi bazingele njalo.
Namuhla, uhla lwama-orangutan lukhawulelwe eBorneo naseSumatra. Inani labo lilinganiselwa ku-70,000, okuyizikhathi ezimbalwa ezingaphansi kaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
I-orangutan iyisidalwa esihlakaniphe kunazo zonke eMhlabeni ngemuva kwabantu, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, inganyamalala ngokuphelele uma ijubane lokuqothuka liqhubeka.
I-otter yolwandle
Lezi zilwane zasolwandle zitholakala ogwini olusenyakatho loLwandle iPacific. Eminyakeni eyi-18-19, ama-otter olwandle yaqothulwa kakhulu ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu. Ngenhlanhla, ukwephulwa komthetho kwamiswa ngemizamo yamazwe omhlaba, futhi ukuzingela kuwo cishe kwavinjwa yonke indawo.
Namuhla, inani lama-otter olwandle liyizinkulungwane ezingama-88. Noma kunjalo, ukukhula kwalo akubonwa. Isizathu salokhu kunezinkinga eziningi zemvelo ezihambisana nokungcoliswa kolwandle.
Kwenziwa ini ukuvikela izilwane ekuqothulweni
Okokuqala, ukuzingela izinhlobo ezithile kulawulwa ngumthetho, ngaphakathi nangamazinga wombuso. Sinombhalo onjalo Umthetho Wobumbano "Emhlabeni Wezilwane".
INcwadi Ebomvu isetshenziselwa ukuphendula izilwane ezisengozini. Kuwona wonke amazwe futhi ibuye ibe nenguqulo yomhlaba wonke.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi, ngokuya ngobungozi bokuqothuka, izinhlobo ezithile zingase zibe nokuhluka isimo sokuphephaokuhlongozwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Natural (IUCN):
- Ukuqothuka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezanyamalala ngokuphelele (i-EX) nalezo ezingasatholakali endle - ekudingisweni kuphela (EW).
- Usongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Lesi sigaba sifaka izilwane, ngemuva kwezizukulwane eziningana, ezinganyamalala ngokuphelele endle (CR), ezisengozini (EN) nezinhlobo ezisengozini (i-VU).
- Ingozi incane. Lezi yizilwane ezincike emizamweni yokulondolozwa (ama-CD), eduze kwezimo ezisengcupheni (NTs), nalezo ezisongelwa kancane (i-LCs).
Izilwane ezinesimo "Ukuqothuka Endle" (EW) bayisibonelo esisodwa somzamo womuntu wokugcina izilwane ezisengozini. Izilwane ezinjengalezi zitholakala kuphela endaweni eyenziwe ngobuciko, okuyizikhungo ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha. Ngeshwa, eziningi zalezi zinhlobo sezivele zinikezelwe; abameleli babo abakwazi ukunika izingane futhi baphile nje izinsuku zabo zokugcina.
Izindawo zokugcina kanye nezindawo ezingcwele kungenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokugcina izilwane ezisengozini. Kunezindawo zemvelo ezingabalelwa kwezingu-150. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ukuzingela, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuba khona komuntu kwenqatshelwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezilwane ezinje, usongo lokuqothulwa kwazo alwaziswanga ngesizathu esithile noma kwesinye. Zonke lezi zindlela zisebenza kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.
Uhlobo luthathwa ngokusemthethweni njengoluphele lapho omele alo wokugcina efa. Kunomqondo ukuqothuka okusebenzayo - bonke abantu abasele abasakwazi ukuzala, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yobudala noma isimo sempilo.
Impisi ebomvu
Izinhlobo ezingandile zezimpisi. Bahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States. Iningi labalimi labaqothulaonganelisekile ngokuthi izimpisi ezibomvu zahlasela imfuyo nezinyoni.
Ngesikhathi sika-1967, abamele abangu-14 balezi zinhlobo bahlala emhlabeni. Babekwe ekudingisweni, futhi namuhla isibalo sezimpisi ezibomvu singabantu abayikhulu.
USaiga
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, ama-saigas ayengolunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-Eurasia, kodwa ngenxa yabantu, uhla lwawo lwancipha lufika ezifundeni ezincanyana ze-steppe eSouthern Volga Region, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan naseMongolia.
ngoba ukuzingela okungalawulwa ama-saigas acishe afa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kepha sibonga izindlela zokuvikela ngesikhathi esifanele, inani labantu labuyiselwa futhi nemvume yokubazingela yavela futhi. Izinombolo zabo ziphinde zehla kakhulu zaya esimweni esibucayi.
Namuhla emhlabeni kukhona cishe ama-saigas ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Ukusethwa kwezinyathelo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo kufaka ukucindezela okuqinile kokuzingela nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwendawo evikelekile.
Isiqhingi sesiqhingi
Lezi zilwane azidluli usayizi wekati elijwayelekile. Zasatshalaliswa kahle eziqhingini eziseduzane naseCalifornia, kuze kube ekuqaleni kwama 90s zonke izinkozi zaqothulwa lapho. Izimpungushe, lezi zinyoni zazingeyona ingozi, futhi zazizingelwa izinhlanzi kuphela. Indawo yezinkozi yathatha ngokushesha izinkozi zegolideababengenamahloni ngokuzingela izimpungushe, futhi ngokushesha babhubhisa cishe sonke isibalo.
Izimpungushe ezazisele zazikhuliswa ekudingisweni kuze kube yilapho inkinga ixazululwe ngokhozi lwegolide. Namuhla, isibalo sabantu sibuyiselwe futhi silingana nabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu.
Lokhu kungummeleli wokugcina wezinkomo zasendle eYurophu. Endle yena abazingeli babhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zilwane bezisagcinwa ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina izilwane.
Ngenxa yemizamo yososayensi namuhla, inyathi ibuyele endle. Inani labo lisondele kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezine.
Isiphetho
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yezazi zemvelo, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo yezinto eziphilayo isengozini yokuqothulwa.Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kwenzeke ngoba sibambe sekwephuzile. Namuhla, ukuvinjelwa okusemthethweni kunganakwa ngabazingeli abathi, ngaphandle komcabango wesibili, bazobulala indlovu noma ihlosi lokugcina ngenzuzo. Iwayinini eliningi lilele nabathengi bokugcina be “mpahla” enikezwa abazingeli abafuna ngobuqili ukuba nezimpulu zezilwane ezingavamile, bagqoke amajazi oboya enziwe ngoboya obalulekile noma basebenzise “ukuphulukisa” amafutha esikhunjeni sabo.
14. Izindlulamithi zakwaKordofan nezaseNubian
Indlulamithi kaCordofan (iGiraffa camelopardalis antiquorum) ne-Nubian giraff (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) zibhalwe njengoba zisengozini enkulu ukubulawa yi-International Conservation Union. Abomdabu base-Afrika, Cordofan kanye ne-Nubian izindlulamithi ziyafa ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo nokubulawa kwezilwane okuzingela.
13. I-Red Panda
I-panda ebomvu (i-Ailurus fulgens) ibizwa nangokuthi i-panda encane noma ikati lekati. Endle, kutholakala kuphela ama-panda abomvu ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngenxa yokuzingela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye namazinga okuzala aphansi, i-panda ebomvu ilahlekelwa yindawo yayo yokuhlala. Ukulonda izinhlobo, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuzingela okungemthetho kwama-panda abomvu ezindaweni ayehlala kuzo.
6. I-Addax
Ngenxa yokuzingela okungalawulwa endaweni yabo yendabuko - eSahara - isimo sendawo i-Addax yasendle (i-Addax nasomaculatus) noma i-Mendes antelope, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthiwa, ihlukaniswa ngokuthi “usongo olubi lokuqothulwa”. Umbiko we-WWF wango-2016 uthi lokho kuphela ISITHATHU isengezo.
5. Ubhejane omnyama
Obhejane abamnyama (Diceros bicornis) bahlala kuhlu lwezilwane ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, yize kukhuphuka inani labantu eminyakeni yamuva. Inganekwane yezimpondo “eziyisimangaliso” yenza obhejane bahlale bebahlaselwa abazingeli nabazingeli. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphansi kuka-2 500 bahlala ezweni labo eliseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika.
4. IPangolin
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-pangolin (Pholidota) futhi zonke zisengozini. Izibungu zithathwa njengezilwane ezihweba kakhulu emhlabeni ngokungekho emthethweni. Okokuqala, ngoba inyama yabo iyisibiliboco eChina naseVietnam, kanti izikali zabo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza umuthi eChina elilodwa.
3. IDugong
I-Dugong dugon njengamanje ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "izidalwa ezisengozini" kwi-Red Book ye-International Union for Conservation of Natural. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusho ukuthi isilwane sisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu angenelele ukuze alondoloze izinhlobo. Ama-dugongs ayezingela inyama yawo nebhotela.
2. ISumatran Tiger
Naphezu kwesifiso esikhulu sokugcina izinhlobo zezilwane eminyakeni yamuva, imithetho elwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, i-Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) isengozini enkulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amahlosi angaphansi kwama-400 asele.
1. INarwhal
AmaNarwhals (amaMonodon monoceros) amahle kakhulu. Lawa "unicorns olwandle" okwamanje abhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia ngokuthi "uhlobo oluncane olunqabile." Lokhu kusho into eyodwa kuphela - thina bantu kufanele siqhubeke nokusiza lezi zidalwa ukuba ziphile endaweni yazo ese-Arctic.Njengoba sibona ukuqothulwa, ukuqothulwa kanye nokuqothuka emhlabeni kubangelwa amaphutha abantu. Izindlela eziningi zenzelwe ukusiza abafowethu abancane. Konke kusezandleni zesintu. Manje sekunethuba lokubona izidalwa ezinhle kangaka ziphila, hhayi esithombeni. Izinhlobo ezimangalisa futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo zezilwane zasendle zicela usizo. Sisekela futhi sisiza izilwane ezisengozini kanyekanye.