Lesi sidalwa esinemibala ekhanyayo esimamatheke kakhulu yi-tiger salamander (Latin Ambystoma mavortium), esihlala esifundeni esisuka esifundeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCanada siya ezifundeni ezisempumalanga neMexico.
Ama-Tiger salamanders ayizilwane ezihamba nobusuku, indawo yokuhlala ayithandayo yizimbobo ezimnyama abazigobayo bodwa (lapho bathola khona igama lesidlaliso elithi "salamander mole"), noma bahlale ezingenalutho. Lapha bangagcina isikhumba sabo esihle simanzi.
Ikhula cishe amasentimitha angama-35, i-tiger salamander ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-salamanders endle.
Ama-salamanders we-Tiger adume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi be-amphibian. Azikhathaleli ekudleni, zibekezelela kalula ushintsho lokushisa, zinobuntu obekhulunyiwe futhi ziyakwazi ngisho nokubona abanini bazo.
Izakhamizi zesifundazwe saseMelika saseKansas zikhethe i-tiger salamander njenge-amphibian esemthethweni yombuso wazo.
18.01.2019
I-Tiger ambistoma, noma i-tiger salamander (lat. Ambystoma tigrinum) ingeyamalungu omndeni i-Ambistomatidae (Ambystomatidae). Le ampudia ye-caudate ivame ukugcinwa njengesilwane esifuywayo eNyakatho Melika.
Ngo-2005, ngokuvota kwi-Intanethi, yakhethwa njengophawu lwesifundazwe saseMelika e-Illinois, yashaya izimbangi zayo ezisondelene kakhulu - isihlahla esiguqukayo (i-Hyla versicolor) ne-American toad (Anaxyrus americanus).
Isilwane asibangeli nkathazo enkulu, kepha sidinga inhlonipho kumuntu waso. Inememori yokubuka eyenziwe kahle eyenziwe kahle futhi iyakwazi ukukhumbula abanikazi bayo. Njengoba unesimo esijwayelekile, ukhipha ubuthi, obungadala ukusabela komzimba kanye nokucasuka kolwelwesi lwe-mucous. Akumnandi ikakhulukazi lapho zihlangana ngamehlo, zidala umuzwa wokuvutha isikhathi eside futhi ongathandeki.
U-Amphibian waqala wachazwa ngo-1799 njengoSiren operculata ngusosayensi wemvelo waseFrance u-Ambroise Paliso de Beauvois. Yathola igama layo lamanje ngo-1828 emisebenzini yesazi sezilwane saseMelika uJacob Green.
Ukubhebhetheka
Le ndawo ihlanganisa iningi lezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika kusuka ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeCanada kuya enyakatho neMexico. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga uhambisana nezifunda eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu zeLabrador.
Ama-Tiger ambistoma ahlala ikakhulu endaweni eshisayo. Izakhamuzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala eduze namachibi angajulile ngasogwini lwePacific.
Ama-Amphibians atholakala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene kokubili ezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni ezindaweni eziphakeme aze afike ku-3000 m ngaphezu kolwandle, kepha azikho ezintabeni zaseRocky nasezintabeni zakwa-Appalachian. Eningizimu, izixuku ezincane ezicezile zivelela.
Ama-Amphibians ahlala ezimfundeni ezinomswakama, emahlathini anomthunzi nasezitsheni, lapho kunamachibi, amachibi nemifula ehamba kancane enamanzi apholile. Akuvamile ukubonwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esisebusika phakathi kwe-shrubbery.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-salamanders we-Tiger angabusuku. Abakuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga, vikela izikhala ezivulekile futhi ungalokothi uhambe kude kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi. Esikhathini sasemini, bacasha ezindaweni zabo zokukhosela ezitholakala ngaphansi kwezihlahla, izihlahla eziwile noma izinqwaba zamatshe.
Imisele evame ukulahlwa yisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokucasha ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapho zingekho, i-amphibian izimba zizodwa.
Ekwindla, i-ambistoma iwela emgodini wobusika, futhi ehlobo, lapho kushisa ngokweqile, kungcwatshwa kujule emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwemvula, ivela futhi emhlabathini.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo ama-badger (uMelinae), isikhova (iStrigiformes), izinyoka (amaSerpentes) nama-lynxes abomvu (iLynx rufus). Izibungu zamahlosi ezihlafunayo zondliwa ngentshiseko ngezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi nezinambuzane zasemanzini.
Ngezikhathi zengozi, isilwane kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni sokubalekela silungiselela ukuxosha ukuhlaselwa. Igoba futhi iphakamise umsila, iwushuthele ezinhlangothini futhi isuse amaconsi obisi lobuthi kuyo. Lapho isisemlonyeni noma emehlweni omhlaseli, i-daredevil iyakwazi ukumdumaza ekuhlaseleni.
Umsoco
I-Tiger salamander inesifiso esikhulu sokudla. Kwisitulo esisodwa, uyakwazi ukudla inyamazane, ubukhulu bayo bulingana nesihlanu somzimba wayo.
Isiminzi sihlasela zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingamelana nazo. Ikhipha isisulu ngosizi lokuhogela. Lapho isondela kuye ngangokunokwenzeka, ibamba ulimi lwayo igqame.
Isisekelo sokudliwayo yimisundu, iminenke nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amphibians, amagundane asanda kuzalwa, kanye nezinyoka ezincane ziyadliwa.
Ama-larvae adla nge-shellfish kanye nefry yezinhlanzi. Phakathi kwazo, i-cannibalism kanye nokudla izibungu zezinhlobo ezihlobene kukhona ukwanda.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti eningizimu yebanga selikhona engxenyeni yesibili kaDisemba, lapho izidumbu zamanzi ezingashisi zigcwele amanzi emvula. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, ihlala kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ama-Amphibians alungele ukuzala ayeka ukuba ngamakhambi futhi abuthe emanzini angajulile ngamaqembu amakhulu, lapho kutholakala abantu abangaphezu kuka-50. Zintanta zizungeza omunye ngomunye, ziqhubukusha bese zikhipha umoya emanzini kakhulu kangangokuba zimbozwa ngamabhamuza. Imidlalo enjalo yokuhlangana ijabulisa abesifazane futhi ibaphoqelele ukuthi bathathe izikhala zesiduna zamadoda ngezinsimbi zawo.
Ukuhlangana kuhlala kwenzeka endaweni yasemanzini ngokuqala kobumnyama.
Kwezinye izindawo ezomile lapho ama-tiger salamanders engatholakali khona amanzi, abeka amaqanda awo ku-silt of puddles drying. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kuqala ngemuva kwemvula yokuqala yasekwindla.
Insikazi imvamisa ibeka amaqanda ematsheni, e-driftwood noma emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini ezitholakala duzane naphansi. Amashalofu awo avela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokukhulelwa kumabheji afinyelela izingcezu ezingama-200 kuye kwayi-1000.
Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3. Isikhathi se-metamorphosis sazo sihluke kakhulu ezimweni zezemvelo futhi sithatha amasonto ayi-10 ukufudumala nokufika onyakeni emanzini abandayo. Njengoba sesifinyelele kubude bomzimba obungu-8-9 cm, ama-ambistomes adlula emhlabeni.
Ezinye izibungu zihlala esigabeni esikhulu sokukhula, zigcine amagilebhisi azo futhi zingayi emhlabeni. Isikhathi esiningi lokhu kuyabonakala emizimbeni yamanzi ejulile futhi ebandayo. Isilwane esisele esiteji se-neotenic larva sibizwa nge-axolotl.
Lawa ma-amphibians angagcinwa ngamaqembu amancane e-aquaterrarium. Kubantu abathathu, ivolumu okungenani engu-100x40x40 cm iyadingeka.
Ingxube yenhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-peat noma i-coconut substrate ibekwa phansi, bese i-sphagnum moss ibekwa phezulu. Ubukhulu obukhulu besendlalelo kumele okungenani bube ngu-10 cm. Ama-salamanders athanda ukumba emhlabathini noma acashe ezindaweni zokukhosela, ngakho-ke, izinto ezenziwe nge-ceramic eziyize noma zepulasitiki zifakwa njengezindawo zokukhosela.
Kuqakathekile ukuthi kube lomkhumbi onamanzi ku-terrarium yokuthambisa isikhumba bese ugeza. Ama-Ambistomes aqala izinqubo zamanzi lapho umswakama womoya wehla. Ukuze uyilondoloze kabili ngesonto, kuyadingeka ukufafaza izindonga nokugcwala komhlaba.
Emini, amazinga okushisa anakekelwa ku-21 ° -24 ° C, bese ehliselwa ku-17 ° -20 ° C ebusuku. Ngokukhanyisa, kusetshenziswa izibani ze-fluorescent.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zondliwa yizikelemu, ama-slugs, izinhlanzi ze-aquarium, amakhethini kanye nama-tadpoles. Izicucu ezincanyana zeleal noma yenkukhu ziyondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izilwane ezincane zondliwa nsuku zonke, kuthi abantu abadala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala busuka ku-17 kuya ku-33 cm. Umzimba ugcwele. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Zinomsila omude ocindezelwe ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni eyindilinga emuva. Abesifazane banemilenze emifushane. Izilokotho ezinkulu kunazo zonke zabanjwa eColorado.
Ikhanda elikhulu liphela ngo-muzzle obanzi oyindilinga futhi uhlukaniswe ngamehlo entanyeni. Amehlo ayacwayiza, aphakathi nendawo.
Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okomnqumo kuya ku-brownish noma onsundu ngombala onamabala aphuzi nemivimbo. Ingxenye ye-ventral imvama kakhulu iphuzi noma ibe nsundu.
Ama-larvae anemibala ephuzi-eluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo-luhlaza onamabala amnyama nemivimbo emide. Isisu simhlophe. Njengoba ukhula, umbala uba mnyama.
Isikhathi sokuphila endle cishe siyiminyaka eyi-16. Ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, i-ambistoma yehlosi ihlala iminyaka engama-25.
I-Habitat ye-tiger hound
Tiger salamanders zivame yonke indawo: emahlathini e-coniferous, ogwadule, ogwadule olungamaphethelo, izimfunda ezingaphansi komhlaba, amasimu, amadlelo, ezintabeni, ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi kuyaqabukela ezimpophomeni zamanzi. Ama-Ambistomes azalela emanzini: amachibi, amachibi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi ezingapheli.
I-Tiger ambistoma (Ambystoma tigrinum).
Indlela yokuphila Tiger Ambisto
Lezi yizilwane ezingewona ezenhlalo, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela. Ama-Ambistomes achitha amahora emini emiseleni enama-rentter, ngaphansi kwamadwala, ngemishanguzo nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela, futhi ebusuku aqala ukuzingela. Uma kungekho ndawo yokukhosela efanelekile, i-tiger salamander iyakwazi ukumba umgodi ngokwayo.
Ama-salamanders akhetha izindawo ezinomswakama, ngakho-ke azihambi kude nemizimba yamanzi. Ngo-Okthoba, i-hibernator iqala ubusika, ababuchithela emiseleni yamagundane.
Ngenxa yobukhona be-pineal gland (i-pineal gland), etholakala ngemuva kwamehlo, ama-salamanders we-tiger afakwe kahle esikhaleni.
AbakwaSalamanders bazama ukugwema izikhala ezivulekile nelanga.
Izitha zala ma-amphibians kukhona ama-phenam, ama-raccoon nezinyoni, kanti izibungu zidliwe ngamasele nezinhlanzi ezidla inyama.
Lapho isitha sisondela, i-tiger salamander ithatha isikhundla sokuzivikela: igoba umzimba ngesimo se-arc, iphakamise umsila wayo, bese iqala ukuzulazula isuka ngapha nangapha. Lapho i-salamander yenza ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory, i-toxin yobisi ikhishwa emsileni, engena emehlweni wesitha. Kepha ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, yize zinobuthi, ziholela ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo kuma-salamanders tiger. Isibonelo, ama-raccoon alahlwa nge-ambist odakeni kuze kungabikho ubuthi esikhunjeni.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezi amphibians cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Ukudla kwama-tiger ambistos
I-tiger salamander iyakwazi ukudla inyamazane, okuyingxenye yesi-5 yobude bayo. Isisu se-ambistoma sinosayizi amasentimitha angama-9-10, kanti izisulu ezingama-30-60 zingaba khona.
Ngenxa yobukhona be-pineal gland (i-pineal gland), etholakala ngemuva kwamehlo, ama-salamanders we-tiger afakwe kahle esikhaleni.
Ama-salamanders azingela ngosizo lwe-olfaction, futhi ahlasela hhayi nje inyamazane ehambayo, kepha futhi nenyamazane enganyakazi. Lapho isisulu sisondela eduze kwe-ambistome, siphakamisa umhlathi wayo ongaphezulu bese sibamba inyamazane ngolimi lwayo, siyidonse emlonyeni. Abantu abadala nezibungu badla noma iluphi inyamazane elincanyana ngokwabo: ama-mollusks, izibungu kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihlaselayo.
Izinzuzo nokulimala kwama ambger tiger
Izibungu ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi zilimaza ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, ngoba zingadla izinhlanzi ezincane, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla ubhedu, ukulimala okuvela kuzo kuncane kakhulu. Ama-Tiger ambistomes ayasiza ngoba aqeda izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi.
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Habitat
Lo mlimi onobuhlalu ogcwele e-USA, eCanada (eningizimu yezwe) nasenyakatho neMexico. I-tiger salamander ayisiyisiqholo, izizwa imnandi cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zemvelo. Ingatholakala ogwadule nasezinhlangwini ezingwadule, emahlathini acijile futhi aqine, ezimfundeni nasemasimini. Kepha! Isimo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu kuye ukuba khona echibini eliseduze. Izintandokazi zinikezwa inhlabathi enesihlabathi esikhululekile.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba buyi-27 - 33 cm, okuyi-14 - 17 cm okuwela emsileni. Umbala we-salamander onsundu, unemivimbo ephuzi namabala asakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Isisu silula. Umuntu ngamunye unephethini lakhe ngalinye nomthunzi wombala. Umzimba uqinile, ikhanda-libanzi. Iminwe emabunzini angaphambili, eyisihlanu emilenzeni yangemuva. Akanayo i-eardrum. Angawuvula kakhulu umlomo wakhe, ngenkathi ebambelela ohlukunyezwa ngolimi olunamathelayo.
Izitha
I-tiger salamander inezinkinga eziningi, lezi ngama-raccoon, ama-uwezekano, izinyoni. Kepha i-heroine yethu enomsila ingazivikela ngokungesabi. Lapho ehlasela yena, ugoba isidumbu ku-arc, uphakamisa umsila wakhe futhi awuzungeze usuka ngapha nangapha. I-toxin iyaphuma kuyo. Empini, ubuthi buwela umuntu okonile. Isidambisi, ngokwesibonelo, isilwane esinobuqili, sidonsa i-salamander phansi, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ubuthi kuyo. Isigaxa senkunzi nenhlanzi zidla izibungu ze-caviar ne-salamander.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endle, i-tiger salamander ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20.
Amanye amagama: i-tiger salamander yasempumalanga, i-tiger ambistoma.
- Isigaba - Ama-Amphibians
- Isikwele - Tail
- Umndeni - i-Ambistomy
- URodo - Tiger Salamander
- Buka - Tiger Salamander