- Okhthoba 14, 2018
- Ukuzingela
- Elena Motrenko
I-Boar yasendle (i-boar) isilwane esikhulu sasendle, indondo eyamukelekile yabazingeli abaningi. Uzibandakanya nokudoba okunjalo, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba isilo siqinile futhi sinobuqili. Ukubulala izingulube akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Labo bazingeli abaphumelele babheka ukunqoba kuye kungenye yezimpumelelo zabo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-boar ahlakaniphile kakhulu. Icebo lakhe ukukhohlisa umuntu nokucasha, bese ihlasela ngokuzumayo.
Boar yasendle: incazelo
I-boar yasendle isilwane esifuywayo esinamahlwili, noma mhlawumbe ingulube yasendle. Umehluko wawo ovela esilwaneni esivamile yikhanda elikhulu nesigaxa eside, umzimba omfishane, imilenze eminyene. Izindlebe zezulube ziqondile, zibukhali futhi zinde.
Lesi silwane sikhulu. Ukuphakama kwakhe kungaphezu kwemitha eyodwa. IMisa - amakhilogremu angama-150-300. Ama-boar asendle ukubhukuda okukhulu. Uyaphumelela kahle kule ndaba futhi anganqoba ichibi lonke. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinkukhu zasendle ngokwemvelo.
I-boar ibukeka imbi, kepha, empeleni, lesi isilwane esidala.
Izwi le-boar liyafana nemisindo yengulube. Ubuye agwinye amathe. Kepha ingulube elimele ihlushwa ukuhlupheka buthule. Ngisho nezinsikazi nezithintekayo zithintekile uma zilimala.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwengulube yasendle cishe siyiminyaka eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nambili endle, futhi ekudingisweni singaphila kuze kube ngamashumi amabili.
Habitat
Izinkukhu zasendle zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba. Bathanda amahlathi abanzi futhi axubile nezihlahlana, kanye ne-marshland. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, banethuba lokuzondla bona. Isimo esibalulekile sendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ukuba khona kwedamu. Abayithandi le ndawo eneqhwa eliningi. Abazibekezeleli isithwathwa esikhulu - bangafa.
Iqiniso lokuhlala ehlathini le-boar yasendle lingasungulwa ngokuba khona kokulandelwa kwesilo, ukuhlukaniswa ngoboya, kanye nomhlabathi obunjiwe. Isisekelo sonyawo lwaso sifana kakhulu ne-elk, kepha sinosayizi omncane. Imikhondo yeminwe emincane eseceleni icacile, ihlukaniswe kabanzi. Ithrekhi inesimo esiyindilinga. Ngezansi ungabona isithombe sengulube yasendle ehlathini.
Amandla we-Boar
I-boar yasendle ayiyona imnandi nokudla ekudleni. Udla noma yikuphi ukudla angakuthola. Ngokucebile, yindawo encane edingekayo ehlathini ukuze izingulube zasendle zihlale futhi zithole ukudla. Bathanda amajikijolo, izithelo, ama-acorns, izimpande, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane, amaphuphu. Bangakwazi ukujabulela izinyoka ezinobuthi ngobumnandi - ubuthi bazo abububi ezinywini zasendle. Ukudla okuyimifino kuvame kakhulu ekudla kwezilwane.
Ukudla kwe-boar yasendle kuncike esikhathini sonyaka: entwasahlobo - imifino emincane nezimpande, ehlobo - amajikijolo, amaqabunga, utshani. Ekwindla, izingulube zasendle zidla izithelo, amakhowe, amantongomane nembewu. Futhi ebusika, okuqukethwe ngama-mosses, ama-lichens, amagatsha.
Ehlathini, izingulube zasendle zidla izinyamazane ezincane, bese zithola izimpande nezinambuzane ezithile ngokumba umhlabathi ngamafangs, angafika ubude obungafika kumasentimitha angama-22.
Ama-boar anuka iphunga lokudla ebangeni elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha amahlanu futhi ekujuleni okungamamitha angaphezu kwama-25. Ngokubona ikhono elimangalisayo lalezi zilwane ukuthola ngokushesha ukudla, abantu baqala ukuzisebenzisa ukucinga amakhowe abizayo - ama-truffles.
Imvamisa abadobi bathola amanetha abo angenalutho ngemuva kokuhambela izingulube.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lesi silo singadla umzimba waso uma sesifile noma silimele.
Ingulube idinga amakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha kokudla ngosuku. Ehlobo, lesilwane sitfola emakhilogremu lalishumi kuya neshumi nanhlanu. Lokhu kumsiza ukuthi asinde ebusika.
Imikhuba ye-Boar
Izinkukhu zasendle ziyizilwane eziqaphileyo; zikhetha indawo eseceleni. Ntambama, bayaphumula, bacashe emathangeni bese bezakhela isidleke esinempilo samagatsha namaqabunga.
Esimweni esishisayo, lezi zilwane zihlela "ifonti" - umgodi onamanzi nodaka. Ngaphandle kothando lwazo lokugeza (njengoba luphunyuka ekushiseni nasezinambuzaneni), amabhuzu asendle ayizilwane ezihlanzekile kahle.
Ebusika, iqhwa lakhiwa futhi libekwe emaqabunga awile.
Ukuhlangana nengulube yasendle ehlathini ngesikhathi sasemini akunakwenzeka. Kepha ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezinamagqubu, bangazulazula ntambama.
Ebusuku, isigaba esisebenzayo sokuphila kwalezi zilwane zasendle siqala. Baphuma beyofuna ukudla. Ehlathini, ingulube yasendle ihamba emahlathini, kulandela umuzwa wayo wokuqapha. Ibona noma ibuphi ubungozi, isilo silinda endaweni yokukhosela.
Ama-boar akhetha ukugwema abantu kanye nemizi yabo.
Izinkukhu ezindala zihlala zodwa, kanti izintokazi ziyahlangana emihlambini.
Usayizi
Ubude bomzimba wabadala bezingulube zasendle bufika ku-175 cm, ukuphakama cishe ngamamitha ayi-1. Isisindo kufika ku-100 kg, ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-200 kg.
Lesi silwane sihlukile kwezingulube ezifuywayo emfushane nangomzimba omfishane, imilenze eminyene nephakeme, ikhanda elide nelincane, izindlebe ezinde ezibukhali nezisindayo. Ama-fangs aphezulu nangaphansi ahlala ekhula futhi enamathela kusuka emlonyeni.
Izici zomzimba
Intamo inkulu, iminyene, imfishane, ikhanda likhulu, linomumo wedigital, izindlebe zinde, zibanzi, futhi amehlo mancane. Isidlakela esinamandla esine-patch siphumela ngaphambili futhi sivumela isilwane ukuba sitshale, noma size sifakwe iqhwa, size sibe ngu-15 cm cm.Umsila uqondile, ubude bawo buyi-20-25 cm, buhlotshiswe ngebhulashi esicongweni. Kuzwakala njengengulube yasekhaya (imihuzuko nemikhono). Uma egijima, ashesha aze afike ku-40 km / h. Ukubhukuda kahle.
Okudingayo
I-Boar yasendle iyisilwane esimangalisa, futhi kulesi sikhombisi empeleni, njengomuntu. Ukudla kwaso ikakhulukazi kubandakanya ukudla kwezitshalo, okuhlukahluka ngesizini (ama-tubers, izimpande, ama-rhizomes, ama-bulbs, izithelo, ama-acorns, imbewu, amantongomane, amajikijolo, amakhowe, amagxolo esihlahla, amagwababa, amahlumela) kanye nezilwane ezincane (izikelemu, ama-mollusks, amasele, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinduku, ama -tivtivores, amaqanda ezinyoni nezibungu zezinambuzane), kanye ne-carrion. Izintandokazi ezithile zokudla zincike endaweni ohlala kuyo nesikhathi sonyaka.
Zuza
Ukuvula umhlabathi ngenzalo yamabhele asendle kusiza ukutshala imbewu, kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezihlahla okwalandela. Futhi, lezi zilwane zibhubhisa izinambuzane zasehlathini, eziwusizo.
Ezikhathini ezilambile, izingulube zasendle, kunalokho, ziya kumazambane nakweminye imikhakha, futhi zilimaze ezolimo ngokuphula nokunyathela izilimo. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlasela izinyoni nezinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlosi olwehlayo, i-roe dees noma inyamazane, uma zibuthakathaka noma ziyagula.
Izitshalo eziningi ezinoshevu kanye nesihlungu senyoka azisebenzi ezimvwini.
Iphi i
Ibanga lokusatshalaliswa kwezingulube zasendle libanzi impela. Izinhlobo zihlala emahlathini amakhulu ase-Europe ahlanganisiwe futhi axubile (kusukela e-Atlantic kuya e-Urals), esifundeni iMedithera, enyakatho ye-Afrika, ezintabeni zaseCentral Asia, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Anterior Asia kanye naseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kukhona neziqhingi eziningi zasolwandle zasendle kuzo zonke izilwandlekazi nezilwandle zomhlaba wethu.
Ukuziphatha
AmaBoar akhethwa yizindawo ezinamanzi amaningi, anomswakama, omile futhi agqunywe ngomhlanga nezihlahla. Lezi yizilwane zenhlalo ezakha imihlambi enempilo ye-matriarchal. Abesilisa abadala bahlala bodwa ngasikhathi sinye, bajoyine umhlambi kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala.
Ukuhamba komhlaba nokujikeleza
Ingulube yasendle ihamba kancane, kepha ngokushesha, ibhukuda ngokuphelele futhi iyakwazi ukubhukuda isikhathi eside. Umbono awunampilo: amabhuzu awayihlukanisi imibala, umuntu omele amamitha ayi-15 kuye ngeke abone. Okugxilwe ngosizo lokuhogela, ukunambitha nokuzwa. Izinkukhu zasendle ziyaqaphela, kepha hhayi ubugwala, uma zicasulwa, zilimele noma zivikele amawundlu ayo, bese iba yingozi futhi ibe nolaka.
Isikhathi somsebenzi nokuphumula
Njengoba lesi silwane sithinteka ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ngokuzumayo, sibeka okuningi odakeni ukuze zivikeleke ezinambuzaneni nasekushisweni, nasekuqiniseni izinga lokushisa lomzimba elifanele. Ama-boars asendle asebenza ikakhulukazi ekushoneni, phakathi nosuku alala phansi kwizimbobo ezembiwe aze afike ku-30 kuya ku-40- 40. kusihlwa bayaphuma, bayogeza bahambe bayofuna ukudla.
Progeny
Isisindo sengulube esanda kuzalwa sisuka ku-600 kuya ku-1650 g. Inemigqa, enemibala emhlophe, emnyama-nsundu futhi ephuzi egoba ingane ehlathini. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4-5, umbala uyashintsha ube mnyama.
Owesifazane uwanakekela ngokucophelela amawundlu, awavikele ngenkani ezitheni, futhi abuyele kuwo njalo emahoreni angama-3-4. Emavikini okuqala empilo, izingulube zihlala kuhlobo "lwesidleke". Kancane kancane, baqala ukuphuma nabesifazane, futhi emavikini amathathu baqala ukujwayeza imikhuba yezingulube zasendle ezindala.
Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3,5. Ekwindla, ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela isisindo sama-20-30 kg.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphezu kwabantu, izingulube zasendle, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane, zisongelwa impisi ne-lynx, e-Asia - ingwe nehlosi, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlasela abesilisa abadala. Izinyoka ezinkulu nezinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zingahlasela izingulube. Ngokuvamile, inani labantu liqinile futhi alisongelwa ngokuqothulwa noma ukubhujiswa.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Amadlozi engulube yanamuhla ezifuywayo yizingulube zasendle zaseMesophothamiya, e-Asia Minor, eYurophu naseChina, abantu ababehlala nazo enkathini yamaNeolithic. Ngokusho kwabavubukuli, eminyakeni eyi-13,000 kuye kwayi-12 700 edlule, izingulube zasendle zazifuywe eMiddle East. Ekuqaleni, zigcinwe zisesimweni esibi sasendle, njengoba kwenzeka manje, ngokwesibonelo, eNew Guinea. Izingulube zezingulube zatholakala ososayensi eCyprus, lapho zazingathola kuphela ukusuka ezweni kanye nabantu. Izingulube zokuqala ezifuywayo zalethwa eYurophu zivela eMpumalanga, emva kwalokho inqubo esebenzayo yokuqashwa kwezingulube zasendle zaseYurophu yaqala. Kwenzekile ngokushesha okwenele ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu nokuqina kwezingulube zasendle. Lezi zilwane zazifuywa ngenxa yenyama emnandi, nezikhumba zazo (zokwenza izihlangu), amathambo (okwakha amathuluzi nezikhali) kanye namabhulashi (okwenzelwe amabhulashi). ENdiya naseChina, izingulube zasendle zidla imfucuza yabantu, futhi zabizwa nangokuthi "amathoyilethi engulube."
Izingodo ehlathini, ukuthi zenzeni?
Ukuya ehlathini, udinga ukukhumbula izindlela zokuqapha. Ama-boar agijima ngokushesha kakhulu futhi anamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke umhlangano naye ungaphela ngokungakhululeki. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abaningi bafa ngezinswelaboya zasendle kunakwabasakazi (isilinganiso 12:10). Kwakunezikhathi lapho ngisho nehlosi libulawa khona ngulube.
Lesi silo asikwazi ukubona kahle, kepha sinokuzwa okuhle nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Izwa indlela yomuntu othile ehlathini, izingulube zizozama ukugwema ukuhlangana.
Umuntu akafakiwe ekudleni kwezinkukhu. Ngakho-ke, ungalindela ukuhlaselwa ezimweni ezikhethekile. Izilwane zihlasela lowo muntu uma ezengozini kuye noma enzalweni yakhe.
Sizothola ukuthi ungasabisa kanjani izingulube zasendle ehlathini uma uzizwa usondele kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ngenkathi uhamba ngokuzwakalayo ucule, wenze imisindo, izingubo ezigqokayo. Isilwane siyozwa futhi sizame ukucasha.
Ukushayisana okungalindelekile
Uma zonke izinyathelo zithathiwe, kepha isimanga esiyingozi senzekile, eminye imithetho kumele ilandelwe ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngihlangana nengulube yasendle ehlathini?
Zitholele amaqhinga ambalwa abalulekile. Ungagijimeli, udinga ukuhlala uzolile. Ingulube yasendle ihlwitha umuntu futhi ihambe ingaboni ingozi.
Kepha uma izingulube zesaba, zathukuthela, noma uhlangane naye ngesikhathi sokuzala, noma uphazamisa lowesifazane ngezingulube, khona-ke lokhu kubi. Lapho isilo sihlasela, ngeke yesabe lutho.
Uma ingulube ithukuthele, ayikwazi ukwesaba. Futhi njengoba isilo sigijima ngokushesha (30 km / h), sizotholana nomuntu ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, ukubalekela kwakhe akunangqondo. Kepha akakwazi ukwehlisa ijubane noma aphambuke. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma okuqondile okuvela kulesi simo esiyingozi kuyogobhoza ohlangothini. Kepha lokhu kudinga ubuhlakani obuhle. Bambalwa abaye baphumelela ebuqilini obunje. Uma kwenzeka kwenzeka, ungazicabangela usindisiwe - izingulube zivama ukubuya. Uma, noma kunjalo, ephuthuma okwesibili, kufanele uphinde ugxume ohlangothini futhi ungene kuwo uze ufike endaweni yokukhosela.
Akufanele ukuvikela, ngeke kulethe imiphumela. Ukushaywa ngommese noma ukudutshulwa kufanele kuhloswe kahle futhi kuqondiswe esweni, entanyeni noma endlebeni.
Kukhona inketho ethembeke kakhudlwana - gibela isihlahla bese uhlala lapho isikhashana. Okokuqala, izingulube zizokubukela phansi, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana kuzosuka.