Ama-turtles kwesinye isikhathi agcinwa ekudingisweni, okuvumela izingane zesikole ukuhlela umsebenzi wokucwaninga okuhloswe ngawo ukutadisha lezi zilwane ezingafani nalutho. Kulesi sihloko, uthisha uzothola imininingwane edingekayo ngabo, kanye nemiyalo yabafundi, ezosiza ukuqondisa imisebenzi yocwaningi osemusha "ngendlela eyiyo." Lo mbhalo wabhalwa yisazi sezinto eziphilayo, okwathi isikhathi eside sasiqukethe abamele izinhlobo ezahlukile zamaruba eflethini lakhe futhi saphawula ngazo ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-turtles angenye yamayunithi wesigaba se-Reptile. Leli yiqembu lakudala kakhulu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Zimbozwe nge-carapace eqinile, eqinile equkethe izihlangu zamadorsal (carapace) nezivikelo zesisu (plastiki). Akhiwa ngezindleko ezibunjiweyo namanye amathambo, ngakho-ke ufudu alususwa egobolondweni ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zamathambo alo. Ukusuka ngenhla, igobolondo lamafudu amaningi embozwe amapuleti abunjwe ngophondo afane nezinwele zethu namazipho. Ukuma, ubungako kanye nenombolo yamapuleti (izihlangu) kuyisici sezinhlobo ezibalulekile. Okuhlukile yizihubulu zolwandle ezithambile futhi ezinesikhumba, ezingenazo izihlangu ezinjalo. Amandla wegobolondo awanamkhawulo: uma liwela ematsheni noma asphalt, lingalimala. Izinkozi, zifisa ukujabulela inyama entsha, ziphonsa imfudu emadwaleni, bese ifika kuyo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Kumafudu asemhlabeni, i-carapace mude, ibuswa. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ezihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, iphansi futhi ihlelwa kabusha. Izihlangu ze-Horny ezimboze igobolondo zikhula impilo yonke yesilwane. Ezinhlotsheni eziphila impilo yesikhathi sonyaka, lapho ukuphaphama kuthathelwa indawo yi-hibernation, ukukhula kwento ebabazekayo yegobolondo kuyanda phakathi kokuphila okusebenzayo, futhi kunciphe ngesikhathi sokulala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke emasondweni wezihlangu kwakhiwa, kufana namasongo minyaka yonke ezihlahleni. Ukusuka kubo unganquma iminyaka cishe yesilwane. Kumafudu ahlala ekudingisweni futhi engazifihli, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ubudala ngezindandatho.
Zonke izimfudu zithanda ukufudumala, kepha ngisho nabomdabu bezingwadule ezishisayo abakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile amahora ashisayo osuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziphumula emibhedeni ejulile, epholile noma ngokuvamile ingena ekubandakanyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ihlala igeleza kahle ebusika. Phakathi kwamafudu kukhona izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezinama-herbivorous, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezidla ezinye. Kwabamele iningi labo, lokhu kudla kuguquka kakhulu ngobudala. Ngesikhathi sokusakazeka, izimfudu (ngisho namanzi amnandi asemanzini) zibekela amaqanda emhlabeni, ziwafihle esihlabathini noma enye indawo efanelekile. Intuthuko yabo iqondile.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwefudu batholakala enyakatho yazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo: bahlala ezingxenyeni ezithile zensimu yangaphambili yeSoviet Union, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, kubandakanya iPakistan, i-Iran kanye neChina. Okwamanje, izalela ngempumelelo ekudingisweni. Njengezinye izinhlobo, abesilisa besifufula saseCentral Asia banomsila omude kanye nengxenye ethize yomugqa ophansi we-carapace - lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-plastiki. Ama-paws alezi zikhuhli aqine kakhulu, futhi ingxenye engenhla ye-carapace - i-carapace - icacile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bambe kalula ezindaweni zabo zomdabu ukucasha elangeni elihangayo noma ebusika obandayo.
Imiphumela yokuqaphelisisa kwami yokuziphatha kwamafudu agcinwe ezimweni zokwethisa angivumela ukusho ukuthi lezi zilwane zibonisa ubuhlakani obuthile futhi ziyakwazi ukwakha ubuhlakani bokubamba. Lapho esondela e-terrarium yabantu, izimfudu ezilambile zaseCentral Asia zakhwela zaya ngqo engilazini yangaphambili yekamelo ababenethemba eliqinisekile lokuthola ukudla, futhi kulesi simo kungaba nzima ukuhlangana nabo ...
Abanye ababhali baphawule ukuthi izimfudu zaseCentral Asia, ezikhishwe phansi efulethini, zikhumbula indlela eya endaweni ephakelayo kalula, futhi zazungeza indlu “ngezindlela eziyizintandokazi” zomuntu ngamunye.
Ukubona izilwane zami ezifuywayo, ngiphawule ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu banjengeziziba zaseCentral Asia, kuboniswe ngezinga lomsebenzi womzimba kanye nokudla ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuboshwa. Ngokuthabisako, isici esenza isebenze, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza komsoco wesilwane esithile, kungumsebenzi womunye umuntu osuqalile ukondla. Ngenkathi ngigcina izimfudu zaseCentral Asia egumbini elilodwa nezinti zasogwadule, ama-gerbils aseMongolia, kwadingeka ngibone amacala ahlekisayo okugcotshwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala phansi zamagobongo ezinwele ngesifiso esikhulu sokususa ucezu lweqabunga leklabishi kuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakukhona amaqabunga eklabishi “ongeyena umuntu” eduzane, isikhathi esithile ahlala ngaphandle kokunaka “izinto eziqhutshwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo”.
Ngiphinde ngadonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi ngemuva kokuphela kokudla, cishe zonke izimfudu zaseCentral Asia zivame ukuzwa ukwehla okukhulu komzimba.
Izilokotho zami zazivame ukuthambekela ekuziphatheni okungapheli. Isibonelo esithile: ufudu luhamba odongeni lwethala, lijikeleza ama-degrees angama-180 bese lihamba odongeni olufanayo ngaphesheya. Ekhoneni elihlukile le-terrarium, lesi simo siyaphindwa. Lokhu kukhasa okungamisi "emuva nangaphambili" kungahlala imizuzu eminingi. Ngokuphikelela okufanayo, ufudu lwase-Central Asia lungakwazi "ukumba umgodi" ekhoneni le-terrarium. Ngasikhathi sinye, igabha futhi igwebu kakhulu ngegobolondo, okungamcunula kakhulu umuntu onaye egumbini elilodwa. Okungathandeki ikakhulukazi yile misindo ephikelelayo futhi ephindaphindwayo ebusuku (ngokwesibonelo, esimweni lapho umuntu efuna ukulala). Lesi sici sesifufula somhlaba, kusobala, kufanele sibhekwe lapho kuthathwa isinqumo sokuthi usiqale njengesifuyo sezilwane. Ngokulunga, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokukhishwa komthombo wokukhanya nokushisa ku-terrarium, umsebenzi we-motor (futhi ikakhulukazi wokucwila) ufudu noma wehla ngokuphelele, ngoba izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ngalo izinga lokudla kwalezi zilwane ezinegazi elibandayo.
Ingxoxo ekhethekile ifanelwe umcabango odumile wokugcinwa ngokuhlanganyela kwabameleli bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane nezitshalo, ukudala “imvelo yokufakelwa” endaweni yasekhaya. Mina mathupha, ngeshwa, isipiliyoni esibi sokulungiswa okuhlanganyelwe kwezilwane zasogwadule - izimfudu zaseCentral Asia kanye namagciwane aseMongolia. Ama-Gerbils, agcinwe okwesikhashana ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, aletha izingane ngokungalindelekile - amawundlu angaboni, angaboni, angenasizo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi umndeni wethu ubusemsebenzini. Lapho ngibuyela ekhaya kusihlwa, ngashaqeka lapho ngibona emihlathini yeshobhe isidumbu esichithakele selinye lamawundlu amnyama, okwathi, ngentokozo ebonakalayo, yadliwa yizilwanyane. Amawundlu asele, ngokusobala, adliwe ngaphambili. Ngale ndlela ebuhlungu, ngenxa yobudedengu bami, iqiniso elincane elaziwa ngefofoti yomhlaba eyinqaba laqinisekiswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwabo kudlala indima enkulu. Ngabeka igumbi elinamafudu kanye nama-gerbils anesisindo, nesisekelo esibanzi, indawo yokukhosela enesisindo samagundane, okuthi izidalwa eziphindaphindayo zingakwazi ukuguqula. Ngakholelwa ekutheni ngale ndlela ngayixazulula inkinga yobudlelwano phakathi kwabamele balezi zilwane zezilwane. Kepha bengingalungile futhi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngathola amanxeba okuphuma kwegazi angajwayelekile emilenzeni yangemuva kofudu lwami lwase-Central Asia. Ukubhekwa kwesikhathi eside kube nemiphumela. Kwavela ukuthi ama-gerbils ngezikhathi ezithile ayegijimela kumafudu kusuka ngemuva futhi awalume emilenzeni engezansi! Izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha 'zazisemuva kwesigcawu,' kodwa amaqiniso ayesobala. Njengoba wazi, amazinyo amajikijolo abukhali, azilimaza, ngakho-ke ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlala njalo kwama-gerbils ngokumelene nezimfudu bekungeke kube nemiphumela ngokubukeka kanye nesimo sempilo salaba bantu. Abamele lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane kwadingeka ukuthi bahlaliswe ngokushesha emakamelweni ahlukene, kanye namafudu - ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala oluphuthumayo ...
Siyini isiphetho? Ngokusobala, umzamo wokuhlanganisa ngokuhlanganyela abamele bezinhlobo ezihlukile zebhayoloji kufanele wandulelwe wucwaningo olunzulu lwe-biology yabo emithonjeni eshicilelwe. Ukugcizelelwa kwalolu cwaningo kufanele kwenziwe ngokunembile ekuboneni izici zobudlelwano phakathi kwezilwane zezinhlobo ezihlukile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo zemvelo egumbini elilodwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kokusebenzisana kwabo. Uma kunolaka emvelweni, okungaba yingozi kwabamele noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane, ukuhlalisa izilwane kuyadingeka, futhi awukwazi ukungabaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele uqonde ukuthi ngeke ukubone konke kusengaphambili ...
Kunzima ukugcina izimfudu zomhlaba kanye nezitshalo zasendlini ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ithala. Uma izimfudu zingafinyelela kuzo, khona-ke lezi zitshalo zizodliwa noma ziphuke imilenze enamandla kanye ne-carapace yezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngibona izindlela ezintathu zokuphuma kulesi simo. Indlela yokuqala yokuphuma: izitshalo ezibukhoma emabhodweni zifakwa edongeni lamatshe noma eshalofini elizinzile odongeni olungasemuva ngaphakathi kwethari. Lapho-ke izimbali zizobe zingafinyeleleki kumfudu yasemhlabeni, ezingazi ukuthi kufanele zikhuphuke kanjani, futhi, njengomthetho, ungazibeki engcupheni yokukwenza. Indlela yesibili yokuphuma: Izitshalo eziphilayo zibekwe eduze kodonga olungemuva lwe-terrarium, kodwa ngaphandle, okuzoqinisekisa ukungakwazi kwabo ukuphindisela. Indlela yesithathu yokuphuma: odongeni olungemuva olubonakalayo lwe-terrarium kusuka ngaphandle, ungalungisa isikrini esihle sokugqagqana kombala ngesithombe sezitshalo zasendlini (ngokwesibonelo, i-cacti), okuzodala ukukhohlisa kwengcezwana yemvelo yemvelo efana nezimfudu zomhlaba. Ilungelo lokukhetha elawo wonke umthandi we-terarium ...
I-CHINESE TRIONICS (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Igama lesibili lalezinhlobo zezilwane yi-Far Eastern leatherback turtle. Uhlala emachibini nasemifuleni. Ngaphandle, kuhluke kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamfudu. I-carapace yayo eyindilinga imbozwe ngesikhumba esithambile esingenazihlangu ezi-horny. Intamo yesilwane yinde, i-muzzle inwetshelwa ku-proboscis ngamakhala emakhaleni ayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ube ngaphansi kwamanzi ngasese, ubeka i-proboscis yokuphefumula. Amaphaphu anama-membran phakathi kweminwe, umsila umfushane, umzimba uthambile. Leli ufudu ukubhukuda okukhulu kanye nokwehluka. Akuhambi kude namanzi, ifudumeza kuphela emabhange, futhi ithengise ukudla kwayo emanzini, izinhlanzi ezigoqayo, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izibungu, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ubude obukhulu kakhulu begobolondo ufudu ngasohlangothini lwayo olungaphezulu ngama-35 cm.
Ama-Trionics anomona omkhulu ngendawo yawo nokungabekezelelani kwabantu bohlobo olufanayo. Uma uthenga izimfudu ezimbili ezincane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi enye yazo izokhula ngokushesha bese iqala ukuhlukumeza umakhelwane. Imiphumela yokulwa ilukhuni, ngoba la mafudu anegobolondo lesikhumba, elisengcupheni. Ukutheleleka ngefungal kungangena emanxebeni avela empini, lapho lezi zilwane zitholakala khona kalula. Lesi sifo sivame ukubulala. Ngokuvamile, kungabonakala ukuthi ama-Trionics anolaka kakhulu kunezinye izimfudu zamanzi, okumele zibhekwe lapho kugcinwa lezi zixoshwa.
Ufudu oluncane lwalezi zilwane lwafika kimi ngephutha ngoFebhuwari 2003. Njengoba isipiliyoni sami sangomuntu sabonisa, isilwanyana esincane esinobude obuyi-cm cm sasivele sikhala kabuhlungu. Ngisakhumbula ukunqwabelana “kwemihlambi emikhulu” emihlathini emincane kodwa enamandla kakhulu ngokusika okuqinile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sekudlule iminyaka eminingi kusukela ngalesosikhathi ... Kwakungenakwenzeka ukucabanga kusengaphambili ukuthi ukulunywa kwesidalwa esinjalo kungaba buhlungu kangaka.
Kwakuhlekisa ukubuka ufudu lwelula intamo yalo ende ngenkathi luphefumula, luzama ukufinyelela ngaphezulu kwamanzi ngensumpa emincane enamaphiko ayo enwetshwe phambili, ukwenza olunye ukhipha umoya nokuphefumula. Njengoba ihlala isemanzini, lesi silwane sathandwa isikhathi eside ukuze siveze ingxenye engenhla yekhanda ngamakhala namehlo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye engezansi yekhanda, intamo, isiqu kanye nemilenze kwasala endaweni yasemanzini.
Isudu yami yayiselula kakhulu, yayihamba ngenkuthalo ikakhulukazi eduze noma eduze kwephansi kwasemanzini. Lapha uthole "izikhova" lapho acashe khona ngokukhanya okunamandla waphumula. Eqhubekela ezansi kwaleli gumbi lokufakelwa, wayevame "ukuhlwitha" futhi ahlole ngokucophelela izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zephansi, afake i-proboscis yakhe esihlabathini. Ubekuthanda ukuba ngaphezulu, aphumule izitho zakhe ngaphezulu kwezitshalo zasemanzini ezintantayo.
Ufudu olintantayo kwikholamu yamanzi lwaluthatha kalula, ngesinye isikhathi luphuthelwe. Ukudla okulele phansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwabanjwa imihlathi ngokunembe, okokuqala. Ngijwayele ukondla ngama-tweezers, ufudu lwami lwalulandela isandla sendoda, oluphakanyisiwe ukusuka phezulu cishe ebusweni bamanzi, ngokusobala belinde ukudla.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenqubo yokondla, "esiswini esigcwele," ufudu uchithe isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, uchithe ngaphansi komfula we-aquaterrarium usesimweni sokungasebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umlomo wesilwane wawusuvulekile, ngokusobala owawuqinisekisa ukuphefumula ngokushintshiselana ngegesi okusebenzayo naphakathi kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomlomo wesibeletho.
I-RED-EAR FRESHWATER TURTLE (iTrachemysscripttaelegans)
Abamele le zinhlobo bahola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ngakho-ke ama-paws abo afakwe ulwelwesi olunamandla. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlobo zezindawo ezinombala ophuzi, owolintshi noma obomvu - “izindlebe” ezisezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ubude be-carapace bufika kuma-28 cm.
Ngokwemvelo, isatshalaliswa isuka ezifundeni ezisempumalanga ye-USA iya eNortheast Mexico. Kwenzeka ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezigudle ugu. Muva nje, kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezikude kude nendawo yokuhlala yangempela. Lokhu kuphinda kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi kwezinye izikhathi, izimfudu zibalekela abanikazi bazo, kwezinye - abantu bakhipha izilwane ezicasulayo zingene emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze. Izimfudu ezinamehlo abomvu ezikhishwe emanzini emvelo aseJalimane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zaqala lapho ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi "amaMelika" asusa imfudu yaseYurophu ezindaweni ayehlala kuzo. Ezweni lale mafudu, ubusika obubandayo nehlobo elishisayo. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi, omfudu bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi beselangeni. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-15 degrees C baba yisifo esibulalayo, kuthi ngama-degree C ayi-10 awele ekubandakanyeni, azingcwabe ngaphansi kwe-sludge engezansi.
Ama-feed aphambili ekudingisweni yizinhlanzi, amagundane asanda kuzalwa, ama-Earthworms, no-shrimp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngentshiseko udla i-duckweed, iklabishi, isaladi. Turtles mate unyaka wonke. Amaqanda abekwa kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
NgoJuni 2001, ufudu olusha olunamehlo abomvu enesifo esijwayelekile sabamele lolu hlobo, lwathambisa igobolondo, lweza kimi njengesipho. Ngenhlanhla, lesi sifo sasisesinye sezigaba zokuqala zokukhula kwaso, isilwane saphiliswa. Njengoba wazi, lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium emzimbeni we-reptile futhi sizibonakalisa siphikisana nesizinda esivamile sokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kanye nokushoda kwamavithamini weqembu D. Uma isimo sesilwane sesihambile kakhulu, ungasishintsha lesi simo ngokunikeza okuphindaphindwe inyama noma inhlanzi nabanye inani lezithasiselo zamaminerali (ushokoledi, isidlo sethambo, amagobolondo omhlabathi asuka kumaqanda enkukhu). Ngendlela efanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, ukuzama ukuvimba ukuvela kwezimpawu zezimpawu zokuqala zokungalingani kwezinto emzimbeni.Kodwa-ke, inkinga ukuthi ufudu olunamehlo abomvu kuvame kakhulu ukudla ukudla emanzini. Ngasikhathi sinye, isengezo samaminerali ngokuzenzakalela sihlukana kokuphakelayo (inyama noma inhlanzi) futhi kungangeni emzimbeni wesilwane esidlayo. Ngendlela yayo, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa nokuphakelwa okuyinhloko, isengezo samaminerali asidliwanga ngofudu.
Ngithole indlela elula futhi engabizi yokuphuma esimweni esichazwe ngenhla, esikuvumela ukuthi ujova ngokulingene amaminerali emzimbeni we-reptile egulayo. Udinga ukuthatha ucezu lwenyama, ulugoqe ngendlela egobeke emhlabathini, bese ucindezela iminwe yakho kuwo wonke izinhlangothi. Kulokhu, igobolondo linamathela ngokuqinile enyameni futhi, liwele emanzini, alihlukanisi ngokuzimela kukho ngisho nalapho ufudu lugwida ukudla. Ukondla njalo isilwane esigulayo ngezithako zamaminerali kuvame ukufaka isandla ekululameni okusheshayo uma umzimba wesilwane uqinisekisiwe (ukugeza ilanga, ukugcotshwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye usebenzisa isibani se-quartz, enikeza okudlayo okuphakelayo okuqukethe amavithamini wamaqembu A, D, E). Ngokwemvelo, zonke lezi zenzo zokuthuthukisa isilwane kufanele zilinganiswe ngokuqinile.
Okokusebenza okulungile kwe "khaya" lesfishi esinamehlo abomvu akuyona into elula. Lapho uyigcina e-aquarium enamanzi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi izinyamazane zidinga indawo yomhlaba, lapho angaphuma khona uma kunesidingo, aphumule futhi afudumale. Ngakho-ke, lapha, ekuphakameni okudingekayo, umthombo kagesi wokukhanya nokushisa (ngokwesibonelo, isibani esivamile se-incandescent) kufanele sitholakale, kufudumeza ubuso be- "siqhingi" emazingeni okushisa angama-30- 35 degrees C. Lapha isilwane esinegazi esibandayo esinokushisa komzimba okuguquguqukayo sizosebenza ngaso leso sikhathi esifanele ngaso izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka emzimbeni. I-aquarium heater enamandla olawula ukushisa, afakwa emanzini futhi ihlanganiswe nezinkomishi zokubamba odongeni noma ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, iyadingeka futhi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi licishe libe ngama-25 degrees C. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lemvelo egumbini lingawa ngaphansi kwalesi sikhombisi, akudingekile ukusebenzisa i-aquarium heater.
Ufudu olunempilo, olunamehlo abomvu, lugcinwe lisesimweni esifanelekile, luyasebenza, luyathanda ukwazi, lunesifiso esihle sokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha okuhle. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ufudu oluncane luzogcina lukhule lube isilwane esinesisindo esikhulu impela esinobude obuyi-20 cm, noma ngaphezulu. I-aquarium noma i-aquaterrarium, eyayisetshenziselwa ukuyigcina ekuqaleni, ngokuqinisekile ngeke ilunge i-reptile yabantu abadala. Le nkinga kufanele icatshangwe nangaphambi kokuthola i-reptile encane kakhulu, encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane esidala esikhudlwana esidla kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, siphonsa imfucuza enkulu endaweni ezingcolisa futhi yonakalise amanzi. Ngakho-ke, izihlungi ezinamandla ze-aquarium kanye nokuhlanza okujwayelekile izakhiwo lapho okutholakale khona izidalwa zezilwane kuzodingeka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthi uqale phansi ufudu omncane olintanta emanzini ekhaya, kufanele ucabangisise ngakho ... Kuzoba kude impela ukuthi ukhulume nabafundi abavame ukugcina izilwane ezahlukahlukene ekhaya futhi abahlali becabanga ngemiphumela engaba khona yalezo zenzo. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi isibopho sempilo nempilo yesilwane silapha ngokuphelele sinomnikazi waso. Uma, noma kunjalo, ufudu selungenisiwe kakade endlini, kungaba okungenangqondo ukungasebenzisi lesi simo ngezinjongo zokuziqeqesha. Uthisha we-biology angacela umfundi ukuthi enze ukubukwa nokuhlola okuhlukahlukene kokuphilayo, okuqondiswa yimiyalo engezansi, ethuthukiswe ngumlobi wale ndatshana.
Imiyalo yokufundwa kwamafudu asethunjiwe
1. Jwayela nezincwadi ezisatshalaliswa, izici zemvelo zezinhlobo zezifutho ozifundayo.
2. Usebenzisa izincwadi zabathandi be-terrarium, thola ukuthi ungabaqukethe kanjani ngokufanele abamele bale nhlobo yamafudu asethunjiwe.
3. Chaza ngokuningiliziwe i-terrarium noma i-aquaterrarium lapho i-reptile oyifundayo itholakala khona futhi uqhathanise le ncazelo nemithetho yokugcina izilwanyana ezithunjiwe usuyazi.
4. Bheka ngokucophelela futhi uchaze ngokuningiliziwe izici zesakhiwo sangaphandle sofudu osifundayo (ubukhulu nobume bomzimba, umbala wayo, ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwegobolondo namalunga, nendawo yezinzwa). Chaza ukuthi kungani lesi silwane sibukeka kanjena.
5. Naka ijubane lokuhamba kwefudu ku-terarium noma emanzini, kanye nasendleleni yalo yokuhamba esikhaleni. Uma ufudu lungamanzi amasha - qhathanisa nezimpawu zokuhamba kwalo emhlabeni nasemanzini.
6. Ngenkambiso yokwenza ukubukwa okuphindaphindiwe nokusebenzisa imishini efanelekile kagesi, thola ukuthi singakanani isikhathi ufudu lwasemanzini akho asemhlabeni, nokuthi lingakanani amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zemvelo (izinga lokushisa elihleli, izinga lokukhanya).
7. Yenza ukubukwa okumbalwa bese uthola ukuthi singakanani isikhathi ufudu sichitha singagudluki, nokuthi singakanani - esimeni esisebenzayo ekushiseni okuthile ku-terrarium. Yenza isiphetho mayelana nezinga lomsebenzi wesilwane kulezi zimo zokushisa. Uma isilwane sigcinwa endaweni yakho, shintsha izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-terrarium ngamadigri ambalwa (ngaphakathi kwamanani amukelekayo) bese ubheka okuphindaphindiwe. Qhathanisa imiphumela, yakha iziphetho.
8. Yenza ukubukwa okuningana bese uthola ukuthi singakanani isikhathi ufudu sichitha singashukumi, nokuthi singakanani - esimeni esisebenzayo ngaphambi nangemva kokudla. Qhathanisa futhi uchaze imiphumela.
9. Uma ufudu lwakho lungamanzi acwebile - yenza okumbalwa bese uthola ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani isilwane sichitha emhlabeni ngaphambi kokondla, nokuthi singakanani ngemuva kwalokho. Qhathanisa futhi uchaze imiphumela.
10. Uma isilwane sisesigcinweni sakho sasekhaya, senisenza inqubo yokubheka kanye nokuhlolwa, sifunde izici zokudla kwaso. Ngasikhathi sinye, phendula imibuzo elandelayo:
- Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuphakelwa ezidliwa kalula yizilwane ezihuqayo?
- Yini enqumayo ukuthi isilwane siqala ukuzondla noma cha?
- Ujwayela kaningi kangakanani ufudu olifundayo
"Ijuba likudla kanjani ukudla kwalo futhi linamazinyo?"
11. Yakha imiphumela yocwaningo lwakho ngesimo se-computer bese usho ngayo emhlanganweni wesiyingi sebhayoloji noma esifundweni sebhayoloji.
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5. I-Alderton D. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezihlukile: I-Encyclopedia. - M: Ukushicilela indlu iRosman-Press, 2002.
6. Izidingo ze-Sumatokhin S.V. ze-Federal State Educational Standard yemfundo kanye nocwaningo kanye nemisebenzi yokwakhiwa // Biology esikoleni. - 2013. - Cha. 5.
7. ISumatokhin S.V. Ucwaningo lwemfundo ku-biology ku
ngokusho kwe-GEF: ukuqala kuphi, okufanele ukwenze, yini imiphumela yokufeza // i-Biology esikoleni. - 2014. - Cha. 4.
Ukunakwa
Ukuze ufudu luzizwe luhle, kufanele lugezwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuzokwanela izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Kudinga ukufudunyezwa ngemuva kokugeza nokuba ome. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki: isimo sezulu sizakuba sibanda futhi uzoshiya isilwane phansi noma usisuse ngokushesha endaweni evulekile, lapho kungaba khona ukubanda.
Impilo yeFudu
Impilo yesifudumezi incike kakhulu ekudleni kwayo. Ukudla okungafanelekile kufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwegobolondo kancane, futhi ukuncipha, okunciphisa impilo yayo. Ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha. Udokotela uzohlola futhi anikeze imishanguzo.
Ungazami ukuphatha ufudu ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela wezilwane. Nakekela isimo sezindluzelekazi nezomsoco ukuze zingabi nazinkinga zempilo.
Ukondla
Ukondliwa okufanelekile kwefudu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukondliwa kwefudu ebusika nasehlobo kunokuhlukahluka kwalo. Ufudu luzwa ukusondela kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, noma ngabe lithunjiwe futhi izinga lokushisa alikashintshi kakhulu.
Ukudla okuyinhloko ekudleni kwefudu yimifino. Qiniseka ukuthi ukudla kwefudu kuyalingana. Awukwazi ukumqeda amandla noma ukumvumela ukuba afe yindlala. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo nezithasiselo ezilusizo zamavithamini kufanele ziqukethwe kokudla.
Njengoba ufudu luhlala ekuthunjweni, izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwalo zingenzeka. Uma engazitholi zonke izinto zomkhondo azidingayo, ufudu luzodla konke ngokulandelana, yebo umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, qaphela ekukhetheni kwakhe ukudla.
Sesivele sishilo ukuthi imifino iyisakhi esibalulekile kwezolimo. Kungaba: ulethisi, udoti, i-dandelion, utshani obunotshani, ama-inflorescence wezitshalo, ukhula. Ngemuva kwabo kuza imifino: izaqathe, utamatisi, beet. Okusuka ezihlathini zezithelo zithanda kakhulu ithini lamapheya kanye nama-apula. Ungangeza futhi ama-plums, ama-apricots, ikhabe kanye nama-raspberries.
Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukunikeza ufudu: isinkwa, ubisi, izinambuzane.
Uma isilwane sakho singaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala, kunconyelwa ukondla isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku, kanye nabantu abadala izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Bathola umswakama ovela kwimifino nezithelo, kodwa ukubeka isitsha samanzi ngeke kube ngaphandle kwendawo.
Gcina i-turtle i-trearium ebanzi, enxande. Ukuze ufudu lufinyelele ku-12 cm ngosayizi, indawo ezofinyelela ku-60-100 litre izokwanela. Ukushisa okukuwo kufanele kube kusuka kuma-25 kuya kwangama-35 degrees. Ukushisa, ungathatha isibani.
Ngomhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe ngamatshe ayisiyingi noma ngamatshe amfulezi omfula, ungqimba ongamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-10. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa isihlabathi, ukushefa, ama-granite chips njengomhlabathi.
Ukuze ube ntofontofo, ufudu lidinga indawo yokukhosela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amabhokisi amancane okhuni. Ngomkhombe wokudla, izitsha ezincane ezijwayelekile kufanelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungangeqi umswakama ku-terrarium.
Ukunakwa
Ukuze ufudu luzizwe luhle, kufanele lugezwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuzokwanela izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Kudinga ukufudunyezwa ngemuva kokugeza nokuba ome. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki: isimo sezulu sizakuba sibanda futhi uzoshiya isilwane phansi noma usisuse ngokushesha endaweni evulekile, lapho kungaba khona ukubanda.
Impilo yeFudu
Impilo yesifudumezi incike kakhulu ekudleni kwayo. Ukudla okungafanelekile kufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwegobolondo kancane, futhi ukuncipha, okunciphisa impilo yayo. Ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokugula, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha. Udokotela uzohlola futhi anikeze imishanguzo.
Ungazami ukuphatha ufudu ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela wezilwane. Nakekela isimo sezindluzelekazi nezomsoco ukuze zingabi nazinkinga zempilo.
Nakekela izimfudu zasemanzini
Ama-turfish amanzi ahlanzekile nawo athandwa kakhulu. Ama-turches alolu hlobo angavame ukutholakala emizimbeni efudumele yamanzi. Zincane ngosayizi futhi zikhanya ngombala.
Ukondla
Izinhlobo eziningi zezifudu zamanzi amnandi ziyamangaza, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi udinga ukwaba naye isidlo sasemini naye. Ngokuyisisekelo, badla ukudla kwamafudu, izinhlanzi, izingcezu zenyama eluhlaza nezinhlanzi, imifino. Ngenqubo, wena ngokwakho uzoqonda ukuthi ungondla kanjani ufudu lwakho. Izithasiselo ezinamaminerali ngohlobo lwe-calcium nazo ziyadingeka.
Ama-turfish amanzi ahlanzekile agcinwa e-terrarium. Kufanele ifakwe ngohlelo lokukhanyisa, lokungena komoya kanye nolokushisa. Ngaphezu kwamanzi ku-terrarium kufanele kube yindawo yomhlaba owomile. I-turtle kufanele ikwazi ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka, nomhlaba emhlabeni uma kunesidingo.
Ubungako bethrafikhi kuncike ngosayizi wefudu. Ukuze i-sushi, inhlabathi noma amatshe abushelelezi afanele, kubalulekile ukuthi ikwazi ukukhuphukela endaweni eyomile ngaphandle kobunzima. Umbani uvame ukufakwa lapho ukuze ufudu lushiye.
Amatshe amatshe amatshe amnyama kanye namatshe abushelelezi alungele inhlabathi, usengasebenzisa imakethi. Balingisa utshani. Ungase futhi ubeke amatshe amaningi abushelelezi, izinto ze-ceramic kanye ne-driftwood kule ndawo yokuhlobisa. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele lisuke ku-17 liye ku-30 degrees.
Izeluleko zokugcina izimfudu
- Musa ukugcina ufudu phansi
- Ungavumeli ezinye izilwane ukuthi zihlangane nefudu.
- Thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona ukuwohloka kwempilo yezilwane ezifuywayo
- Nikeza Ukudla Okumbiwa phansi kweCalcium
- Musa ukushiya unganakekelwa emgwaqweni
- Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho okusalungiswa
Bheka ngokucophelela impilo yesilwane sakho esincane, futhi uzokuphendula ngothando nangendlela yokuziphatha ehlekisayo.