Buka: I-snipe ejwayelekile
Umndeni: Snipe
Isigcawu: I-Charadriiformes
Ibanga: Izinyoni
Uhlobo: Chordate
I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates
Ubukhulu: Ubude bomzimba - 25 cm, amaphiko - 40 cm, Isisindo - ukusuka ku-80 kuye ku-170 g
Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka eyi-10
ISyipe iyinyoni ebonakalayo enomlomo omude omfishane kanye nombala onsundu onsundu. Isihlobo esiseduze ukhuni. Le sandpiper iyashesha ukundiza, ikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emhlabathini nasemanzini.
Abantu babembiza ngokuthi iwundlu ngokuhlangana kokukhishwa akushicilela ngesikhathi samanje.
Habitat
Mayelana nokukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala, inyoka inyoni engenakungabaza. Isimo esiyinhloko umswakama ophakeme wenhlabathi, lapho sandpiper izifunela ukudla.
Izinyoni zingatholakala ezindaweni zokubhukuda ezimbozwe yi-moss, ogwini lwamachibi nemifula. Zihlala emigodini evulekile enomhlabathi omanzi, emahlathini angavamile nasezindaweni eziseduzane nemizi.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni idlulela kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu, ihlanganisa i-Eastern Siberia kanye neNyakatho ye-Asia. Ukubhaliswa kwenyoka kwaseNyakatho Melika okutholakala eCanada naseMelika.
Ama-Snipe ahlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama
Inyoka iyinyoni efudukayo. Uhambo lwabo lokuya ezindaweni zobusika luqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Izinyoni zasebusika ziya eCentral noma eSouth Asia, eTranscaucasia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-Iran, eNdiya. Kwakukhona nabantu abazulazula baya eNyakatho Afrika.
Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda ngezinye izinyoni ezindizela eningizimu ekwindla, sincoma ukufunda i-athikili https://kot-pes.com/kakie-pticy-uletayut-na-yug-osenyu/
Isimilo
Umsebenzi main ubonwa snipe kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Abantu bavame ukuhlangana emihlambini, yize izindiza zodwa zenzeka. On yokudla amafomu ezinkulu. Isilwane sihlala emhlabathini, sicashe phakathi kwezimila zemashi.
Snipe ngobuchule indiza dives. Kubukhali ukukhuphuka, okwenza kube ngundabuzekwayo. Indiza ngesivinini esikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ichaza izagcokama emoyeni. Uyakwazi ukugoba ngokushesha, azikhethele umgomo.
Ukuqhathanisa i-snipe nezinye izinhlobo
Izindlela ezintathu ezingaphansi kwezinyoka zihlukaniswa. Kunokwehluka okuncane kweplamu: iphethini namathunzi. Izinhlobo zezinhlayiya ezingaphansi ziyahluka ngosayizi.
I-Snipe inkulu kakhulu kune-thrush
Ubungako be-snipe bukhulu kancane thintitha. Izinhlobo eziseduze kakhulu i-snipe yase-Asia kanye ne-hole hole. Kude kude, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa. Kusukela kusihlwathi sase-Asiya nesiyize ihlukaniswa ngumlomo omude nekhanda elincane.
Kunokwehluka kwenani. Umugqa omhlophe ugijimisana nomphetho odabukisayo wephiko. Ingaphezulu elingaphezulu lamaphiko limbozwe ngemivimbo. Uma ubhekisisa kahle iphethini lezinsiba ekhanda, umucu omhlophe ofana nesigaxe esincanyana umnyama kunowomnyama eduze komlomo.
Inyoka ingahlukaniswa komunye ummeleli womndeni wakwaBekas - uhlobisa - iBekas ngosayizi (inkulu kakhulu) nobude boqhwaku (ngaphezu kuka-5.5 cm), iphethini yezimpaphe ekhanda (umugqa okhanyayo ophakathi nendawo).
Kubalulekile!Okuphawuleka kakhulu kweswipe yindlela yayo yokundiza. Amamitha okuqala ambalwa, indiza iqonde emugqeni oqondile, bese iya ku-zigzags.
I-dimorphism emenyezelwe ayikho Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kubude bezimpaphe zensila ezingaphandle. Emadodeni, leli nani lingama-4.7 cm, kanti kwabesifazane lingama-4.3 futhi amafushane.
Ukubukeka
I-plumage yeswipe, njengoba ingabonakala esithombeni, inombala onsundu kakhulu, inamabala akhanyayo namnyama. Kukhona imivimbo emhlophe ezithweni zezimpaphe. Ukukhanya, ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama nesisu senyoni.
Umbala wenyoka umsebenzela njengezithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Uma ezinye izinyoni zindizela phezulu lapho zibona ingozi, zingamane zihele phakathi kotshani obuluhlaza.
Uma unesifiso sokubheka ukufihlwa okungakholeki kwezinye izilwane endle, sincoma ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko https://kot-pes.com/maskirovka-zhivotnyh/
Snipe Long Beak
Uqhwaku olude oluqondile lweswipe masinyane luvele ngaphandle kwesithombe. Ubude bawo buba cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba - cm 7.5. Ngasekupheleni, uqhwaku lukhonjwa. Leli ithuluzi elihle lokuthola ukudla kusilika, isihlabathi noma umhlaba othambile.
Ukuthola isibungu noma isibungu, inyoka iyayibamba ngensika yoqhwaku lwayo futhi iyikhiphe inhlabathi.
Snipe ekufuneni ukudla
Akumangalisi kangako ukwakheka komlomo wenyoni. Uqhwaku olungaphezulu nomhlathi ongenhla ziyakwazi ukugoba phezulu lapho kunesidingo. Yize lo mkhuba utholakala kwezinye izinyoni, ubizwa kakhulu ngesineke.
Lokhu kungachazwa yizici zokuseshwa kokudla. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, izinyoka zinomqondo omuhle wephunga. Bahlukanisa iphunga ngenxa yama-receptors abucayi asephezu komlomo.
Imizimba yabantu incane, cishe ibe ngu-25 cm ubude noma kancane ngaphezulu. Imilenze imfushane. Amehlo amakhulu enyoni asethelwe phezulu futhi ngokusobala adluliselwe emuva ekhanda, enikeza umbono obanzi.
Izici Key
Phakathi kwezinye izinyoni zasehlathini, ama-snipe ahlukaniswa yizici ezilandelayo.
- Le sandpiper ayinasizotha futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezigugayo, ezihlangana nenhlabathi enomswakama kanye namahlathi angavamile.
- Le Snipe ithole igama layo lesidlaliso "iwundlu lasehlathini" ngenxa yomsindo ofana nowokuphala. Futhi uyayishicilela hhayi ngezintambo zezwi, kodwa ngezimpaphe zomsila. Lapho phakathi kokuzwana, owesilisa, lapho esethole ukuphakama, ushona phansi, izimpaphe ziqale ukuthuthumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka umsindo ofanayo othi "bleating".
- Amehlo amakhulu, asezingeni eliphakeme awaniki nje kuphela izinyoni umbono obanzi, kodwa futhi zikuvumela ukuba ubone kusihlwa.
- Isiphundu somlomo wesigaxa singavula noma ngabe sivaliwe kulo lonke ubude bawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyoni ithatha inyamazane kusuka kusihlabathi noma usilika.
- ISyipe iyinkosi yeqiniso yokundiza, ikhulile emoyeni futhi ichaza iziza zangempela. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iyaguga ngemuva kokuphela kwamanje. Le nyoni ihamba ngokushesha emoyeni, iguqula ukuphakama kwayo ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Lezi zinyoni ziyinyumbane. Yize kungowesifazane kuphela obandakanyeka ekuqandeni, bobabili abazali bahilelekile ekunakekeleni inzalo.
- Ngesikhathi somdanso wokuphelisa, i-snipe ingashona isuka phansi isuka kubude obungamamitha angama-70.
Amehlo enyoka asezingeni eliphakeme
Umsoco
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwe-snipe iqukethe izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, izibungu zomhlaba, ngezinga elincane - ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-mollusks. Kanye nokudla kwezilwane, basebenzisa nemifino, ikakhulukazi imbewu namahlumela ezitshalo.
Kubalulekile!Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya imifino esiswini, izinyoni ziginya okusanhlamvu okuncane kwesihlabathi namatshe amatshe.
I-snipe ephume izokondla ngenkuthalo ihamba, ibamba izinambuzane ezincane. Ukuze athole ukudla, uhlola inhlabathi, abhaqe uqhwaku lwawo kuyo icishe ifinyelele ezansi. Ukuthola inyamazane enkulu, ngokwesibonelo isibungu, ngomlomo waso kuhlukanisa kube yizicucwana.
Beak idinga uqhwaku lapho ifuna ukudla
Lapho ifuna ukudla emanzini angajulile, inyoka yethula umlomo wayo omude obukhali ngosilika othambile, futhi iqhubekela phambili kancane, ibheka inhlabathi.
Esiphupheni kunenombolo enkulu yemiphetho yezinzwa ezokuvumela ukuthi ubambe ukunyakaza kwezakhamuzi zobumba. Isizwa inyamazane, ihlwitha iyithumba ngomlomo wayo. Uyakwazi ukugwinya ukudla ngaphandle kokususa umlomo wakhe kusilika.
Ukuziphatha, ukuzala kabusha
Ukubuya ngokushesha kwe-snipe kusuka ebusika. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika nefomu lokuqala lokuncibilika. Ukuqondanisa kwabesilisa kubonwa ngesikhathi sezindiza.
Lapho befika esizeni esidlekayo, okwamanje kuqala. Abantu basebenza insimu yomndeni wabo, imvamisa baphezu kwemingcele yesakhiwo somakhelwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, abesilisa bandiza benyuka endaweni yabo, okukhombisa wonke umuntu ukuthi umatasatasa.
Inyoka iyinyoni ethule kakhulu. Ama-tweets akhe angazwakala kuphela ngesikhathi samanje.
Snipe ecashe otshanini
Ngemuva kobusika, ama-snipe abuyela ezindaweni zawo ezidlekayo. Abesilisa bafika kuqala bese bethatha indawo yesidleke esizayo. Kube sekuqala manje.
Isikhathi sokuhlwitha
Ama-snipes a-monogamous futhi akha amaphenyana azinzile kuyo yonke inkathi yokuhlangana. Ngesikhathi samanje, owesilisa wenza umdanso ojabulisayo wokuphola emoyeni. Ukhuphuka phezulu, achaze imibuthano eminingana, bese ecishe aze awe phansi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ucindezela amaphiko akhe kancane, umsila uvule. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpaphe zakhe ziqala ukuthuthumela kakhulu, zenze umsindo wokukhumbula ukugeleza. Okwamanje kuyaqhubeka emhlabeni. Iduna lihlala egqumeni futhi likhala ngokuzwakalayo.
Kubalulekile!I-snipe isebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa ngomswakama ophezulu, esimweni sezulu esinamafu nemvula elula.
Ngemuva kokuphola, insikazi ijoyina owesilisa. Izidleke ze-Snipe ezindaweni ezihlukene: ezindaweni eziwugwadule, amahlathi angavamile anama-clearings kanye nasezihlahleni, akhula ngemigwaqo yasolwandle.
Umbhangqwana uhlala ndawonye kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa. Insikazi inakekela isidleke ngokuphelele, futhi ifaka namaqanda. Owesilisa uyaqhubeka nokwamanje, okubonisa ukuthi le yindawo yabo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinsana nokunakekela izingane
Owesifazane uhlela isidleke esiqeshini esiseduze kwethala, njengomthetho, otshanini obukhulu. Kumba umgodi omncane ombozwe emhlabathini futhi umbozwe ngotshani.
Kwezinye izindawo, udoti ungaba nezingotshana eziningana zotshani, kodwa ngomswakama omningi, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela amasentimitha amabili. Kwambiwa umgodi ngesilinganiso esingu-10-13 cm, ukuphakama kwesidleke kungama-5 cm.
Kukhona amaqanda ama-4 e-motley esidlekeni
Insikazi ifihla isidleke kusukela phezulu ngezinhlaka zotshani ezisondelene, okuholela endlini encane. Umbala wenyoni ozifihlayo nendawo okuhlala kuyo isidleke kubenza bacishe bangabonakali.
Endabeni yengozi, insikazi isuka ngqo, bese ingena otshanini icashe kuyo. Naphezu komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo, indlela yokuziphatha kwe-snipe kanye nomgomo wokuthola isidleke kulokhu kufana kakhulu isiqhwaga.
Ngabe abukeka kanjani amaqanda wezinyoka?
Le nyoni ibekela amaqanda ama-4 omnqumo noma umbala ophuzi namabala amnyama. Ezimweni ezingandile, kwaqalwa imvuthuluka equkethe amaqanda ama-3 noma ama-5. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imichilo etholakala enamaqanda ayi-6 ingeyabesifazane abaningi.
Amaqanda abunjwe ngotshani abukeka enjenge-snipe. Igobolondo liba buthuntu noma libambe kancane. Ngokwesisindo, amaqanda afinyelela ku-g. Ukuqunjelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-17 ukuya ku-20, ngowesifazane kuphela owabandakanyeka kuwo.
Hatching kanye nentuthuko yamachwane
Amathoyizi amancane ambozwe phansi, kepha athuthukiswe kahle. Zisuka ngaphandle esidlekeni lapho sezomile. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahlanganyela ngokushelela phakathi, futhi yilowo nalowo unakekela amaphuphu akhe.
Izingane kudingeka zondliwe futhi zifudumale. Uma kwenzeka kushona omunye wabazali, owesibili uyinakekela ngokuphelele inzalo.
Kakade lapho eneminyaka yobudala benyanga eyodwa, amaphuphu aqala ukufunda ukundiza. Ukukhula okusha kuqhuma ngokushesha bese kushiya isidleke. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, nabazali ngokwabo bahambisa amachwane endaweni ephephile. Bazidonsa phakathi kwama-paws abo, ngenkathi zindizela ngaphansi komhlaba.
Abantu abasha ngokubukeka bahluke kakhulu kubantu abadala. Uma izinyoni ezivuthiwe zinamabala akhanyayo, ayindilinga emaphikweni aphezulu asembozo, khona-ke izilwane ezincane zinemivimbo ebomvu. Ngokuvamile, i-plumage yeswipe encane imnyama kancane.
Ubuningi bezinyoni bushintsha kancane ngobudala
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uhambo lokuya ezindaweni zobusika, amaphuphu aqale ukuziphilela ngendlela enempilo. Banesheduli ethile. Kusihlwa, izinyoni ziya ukuzondla, ezihlala ubusuku bonke. Ekuseni, bacasha emathangeni otshani.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ibona ingozi (ngokwesibonelo, indlela esondela ngayo isitha), amaphuphu agobisa amakhanda awo otshanini. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bayamxosha noma bamsuse esidlekeni.
Ilungiselela ukubalekela ezindaweni zobusika
Maphakathi nehlobo, ukunyibilika kwenzeka kubantu abadala, okuthi phakathi kwabo amaplamu abo afakwe esikhundleni sawo ngokuphelele. Ngaleso sikhathi, acocekile futhi acashe ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
Snipe - inkosi yokufihla
Ukundiza ukuya ezindaweni zobusika kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, yize kwabanye abantu kungaqhubeka kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala.
Izinyoka zigcinwa zodwa noma emihlanjini encane yezinyoni ezi-6. Zindiza ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ayama ukuze aphumule, inqwaba yabantu ibuthana ezindaweni zokuma.
Ubudlelwano nabantu
I-Snipe yindawo ethandwayo yokuzingela ezemidlalo. Kodwa-ke, inani labo lihlala liphezulu impela, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni azibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ngokuvamile, i-snipe inyoni ekhaliphile nenamahloni.
I-Snipe - ummeleli othakazelayo womndeni we-snipe. Le nyoni iqonde ngomlomo wayo omude nokuhlabelela okuyingqayizivele ngesikhathi somdanso wokuphelelisa.
Lokhu okuhle kwangempela ukundiza. Njengoba eseqale ukuhamba emoyeni ngentambo eqondile, uqhubekela phambili kwi-zigzags esheshayo. Akukenzeki ukuthi wanikwa igama lesidlaliso "lemvana yehlathi." Ukudlidliza kwendodana yakhe okuvezwa izimpaphe zayo lapho igxila kuye kumhlukanisa nezinye izinyoni.
Izinhlobo ze-Snipe
Kusuka izincazelo ze-snipe ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile, sidlulisela ekucutshungweni okunemininingwane eminingi kwezinhlobo zalo mndeni. Njengamanje, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zalezi zinyoni ziyahlukaniswa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo luhlukile kolunye ngokubukeka, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha zabamele balo.
Isipikili esinemibala (owesilisa ngakwesobunxele nowesifazane)
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma kuphela ngokukhazimula kwabo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-Snipe Ordinary ayihlukaniswa nganoma yini ekhethekile, ngakho-ke incazelo yayo ihambisana ngokuphelele nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zomndeni wezinyoni.
Izinhlobo eziphawuleka kunazo zonke yi-snipe yaseJapan, yaseMelika, enkulu ne-Afrika, kanye nezimbobo zezintaba nezamahlathi. Iziphi izici nezimpawu zabamele yilowo nalowo walezi zinhlobo?
Isigaxa esikhulu
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo babizwa igama lazo ngokunembile ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu bokuswakama. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula kwabo kungama-40-45 cm, ngenkathi isisindo somzimba wabo sifinyelela ku-450-500 amagremu. Emndenini wezinyoni ezi-snipe, la magugu makhulu kunawo wonke, ngakho-ke le nhlobo kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Giant.
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinomzimba olungile "omnyama" kanye nemilenze emifushane. Izimpiko zazo zinesimo esiyindilinga kanye nephethini enhle. Umbala wezinsiba zawo wengxenye enkulu awufani ku-plumage namanye amalungu omndeni.
Isigaxa esikhulu
Umzimba ophezulu okhanyayo umbozwe ngemivimbo emnyama eminingana. Imvamisa kukhona abamele abanekhanda eliphuzi nentambo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinsikazi ze-Great Snipe ngaphandle azihlukile kunabesilisa. Umuntu uyakwazi ukubona ubulili benyoni kuphela ngokuziphatha kwayo. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala futhi zenze ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile emhlambini omncane, zihlanganisa abantu abangafika kwabangu-6,7.
Indawo yokuhlala yabamele lolu hlobo yiNingizimu Melika. Izinyoni zande eBrazil, Colombia, Venezuela naseGuyana. Inani elincane labantu liyatholakala naseBolivia, e-Uruguay naseParaguay. Inani lalezi zinhlobo liphakeme impela, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoni azidingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile.
Ukubukeka kwaseMelika
Abamele le nhlobo bahlala eduze kakhulu ne-Great Snipe ebhekwe phambilini - eNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ebusika babo iyindawo efudumele eseNingizimu.
Amanani omzimba alezi zinyoni ajwayelekile kulo mndeni. Ukukhula kwabo kuyinto encane - 25-25 cm kuphela, isisindo somzimba asidluli amagremu ayi-100. Umlomo walezi zinyoni ukhula ube mncane: ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-6,6 kuphela. Ubukhulu obunjalo bomlomo buyisici, ngokwesibonelo, ngamathoyizi e-Snipe Evamile.
I-American Snipe (owesilisa ngakwesokudla)
Amapheya abameleli bezinhlobo zaseMelika angabizwa ngokuthi aqhakaze ngokuphelele. Kunezimpaphe zemibala eluhlaza okotshani, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-emerald, empunga nemibala e-brown emnyama. Imilenze emide ngokulinganayo iluhlaza okotshani ngombala.
Ngokuqondene nephethini ejwayelekile, i-snipe yaseMelika inephethini elibonakala kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zomndeni. Izindawo ezimnyama ezimpaphe zincane impela ngosayizi futhi ngasikhathi sinye zitholakala zisondelene, okudala umqondo wokunganaki.
Amathanga abamele le zinhlobo ekuqaleni azimela ngokuphelele. Kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga ukufunda ukuzingela nokufuna isiphephelo esifanele bebodwa noma nepakethe labo.
I-snipe yaseJapan
"AmaJapan" - lolu kuphela uhlobo lomndeni oludinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile. Ngisho eminyakeni engama-30- 40 eyedlule, inani lezinhlobo zaqala ukwehla ngokushesha. Ososayensi bamazwe amaningana bathatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi ngawo-90s wekhulu le-XX inani labantu lakhuphuka kancane futhi lamisa uphawu oluthile.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngisho nanamuhla, iRussia, iChina, iKorea kanye neJapan baqapha ngokucophelela ukugcinwa kwalaba bantu. Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka yaseJapan iphephile ngokwanele kubo. Izitha zazo zemvelo ziyizimpungushe nezinja ze-raccoon ezihlala emahlathini endawo. "Ababhubhisi" abaphambili bezidleke kungamaqhude.
Ukubonakala kwalezi zinyoni akunakubizwa ngokuthi kumangalisa. Zinezinsiba ezijwayelekile ezikhanyayo ezimdaka noma ezimpunga ezinamabala amnyama emuva nentamo. Ukuphakama kwe "Japan" ngama-25-30 cm, isisindo somzimba awudluli kumagremu ayi-150-170.
I-snipe yaseJapan
Ngenxa yokufana kwalezi zinyoni ezinhlotsheni ezivamile, zivame ukuba izisulu zabazingeli abanganaki abazibulala ngephutha. Ukubulala okunje kuyisijeziso.
Ukundiza kwabameleli bale nhlobo kuhle kakhulu. Zinezinyawo ezinde namaphiko amahle, okuthi lapho zikhumula izinyoni zikhiphe "ukotini" oyisici. Umsebenzi omkhulu wabahlali bendawo ukuvikela ama "Japan" nokwandisa usayizi walesi sakhamuzi.
Ukubukeka kwe-Afrika
Ama-snipe ase-Afrika ahlala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nangaseningizimu ye-Afrika, futhi ngenxa yalokho zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zase-Ethiopia. Lezi zinyoni zivunyelwe ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu zasendaweni. Bayakwazi ukwakha izidleke zabo endaweni eyihlane futhi bathole ukudla eduze namachibi endawo.
Umthethosisekelo walezi zinyoni ukhumbuza ngokuqondile i-Great Snipe. Ziphansi impela, zinemilenze emifushane ne-volumetric plumage. Imivimbo emnyama ingabonakala entanyeni nasekhanda lezinyoni, kanti umzimba umbozwe izimpaphe ezinsundu ezikhanyayo, kanti isisu sikhanya ngokuphelele ophuzi noma mhlophe. Uqhwaku lwabamele lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolunye olude kunabo bonke emndenini. Kuyabasiza ukuthola ukudla enhlabathini eyomile yamazwe ase-Afrika.
Inyoka yase-Afrika
Njenge "Japan", izinhlobo zase-Afrika kunzima ukuzihlukanisa kusuka ku-snipe ejwayelekile. Abazingeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlala beqaphela uhlobo oluthile lokuhamba kancane kwendiza yezinhlobo zase-Afrika. Emhlabeni, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa izinyoni komunye nomunye.
Abamele le nhlobo akulula ukwakha izidleke. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, ayakwazi ukumba izimbobo ezincane abeke utshani obomile namaqabunga kuzo. Ezindlini ezinjalo ezomile nezinethezekile, amaphuphu azizwa evikelekile.
I-Forest Snipe (Dupel)
I-Dupel uhlobo oluhlukile lohlobo lwe-snipe, oluhluke kakhulu kwezinye. Le inyoni enkulu ngokulingana ifinyelela kuma-30 cm amade, enesisindo somzimba esingama-gramu ayi-150-180. Isici esiyinhloko sezimbobo yilesi sibalo esikhulu samaphiko aso, esingafinyelela isigamu semitha ubude.
Inyoni enjalo iyisimo sezulu esishisayo saseRussia. Izindawo ezinkulu zokusatshalaliswa kwazo yiSiberia eseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga, kanye naseMpumalanga Ekude. Uma kubanda, athuthela ezindaweni ezifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, aya emazweni ase-Asia noma e-Australia.
I-Forest Snipe
Okusho ukuthi, ezigodini zamahlathi, womabili amahlathi aminyene anezimila eziphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, eSiberia) nezindawo ezinezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphansi (ama-steppes nama-steppes amahlathi ase-Australia) zamukelekile. Lezi zinyoni zihlala zilwela ukuhlala eduze kwechibi lehlathi, lapho ungathola khona umhlabathi omanzi futhi othambile onemifino yasogwini.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, imigodi ihlomisa izidleke zayo ezindaweni ezomile futhi ungazivumeli ukuba "zicwenge". Bahlala bayinakekela le nzalo, bayinakekela futhi bayivikele kubazingeli bayo. Kusukela ekuzalweni, amaphuphu afunda ukuzimela ukuthola ukudla kwawo.
Ngokuphikisana ne-Common Snipe, lapho ikhipha imisindo ebonakala “ngokugeleza”, imbobo yamahlathi idonsela ukunakwa kwabesifazane “ngokushaya” kwabo okwenziwe ngosizo “lokushaya” ngezimpaphe ezinkulu. In the rest, indlela yokuphila yezimbobo ayihlukile kwezinye iswipe.
I-Mountain Snipe (Dupel)
Isigaxa sentaba sesesibili ngobukhulu phakathi kwabanye abamele abomndeni we-snipe. Ukukhula kwabo kungama-28-32 cm, bese isisindo somzimba sifinyelela inani lama-350-70 amagremu. Bona, njengezimbobo zehlathi, banamaphiko amakhulu, ubude bawo angama-50-55 cm.
Ukubukwa kwentaba ngemigodi kubonakaliswa ngumsila omude kanye nezinsiba ezinkulu zikanokusho. Ikhanda lezinyoni lihlotshiswe ngomucu omude wokukhanya. Iphethini ezimpapheni ikakhulukazi iqukethe amaphethini amhlophe, ngokungafani nezinye iswipe enemivimbo emnyama namabala.
Isisulu sentaba
Indiza yezikebhe zezintaba ifana nendiza yamapulangwe. Ngokuqinile futhi ngokucophelela banqoba amabanga amancanyana, besaba ukuhlangana nomzingeli noma umzingeli. Izibongo zezintaba zitholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele esifudumele - eCentral Asia, engxenyeni ye-Asia yaseRussia, kanye nasezintabeni.
Abamele le nhlobo bazizwa bekhululekile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2 000 kuye ku-5,000. Bahlala eduze kwamachibi asezintabeni, bahlela izidleke zabo lapho. Izimbobo zezintaba kungenye yezinyoni ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nomndeni wezinyoka, njengoba zibekezelela ngokuzithoba ushintsho lokushisa nokucindezela komoya.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, angandizela nakwezinye izindawo, noma angahlala ebusika ezidlekeni zawo zaphakade. Indawo oya kuyo njalo ibhekwa njengokugudla kolwandle oluseNyakatho. Kukhona izimbobo zezintaba zichitha ubusuku bonke eqhweni, ngenkathi zitholakala ngaphansi kweqhwa "elenga", elibavikela kwisimo sezulu sangaphandle.
Indlela yokuphila yezinyoni
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-snipe ihola indlela yokuphila ecashile, ikhetha ukuhlala iphapheme futhi izingele ebusuku. Abazingela amahlathi nabazingeli baba yingozi enkulu yezinyoni, ngakho-ke, kuleli cala, ubuciko bokufihla ikhono nekhono lokubona ingozi ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Amakhono we-Snipe atholakala ebuntwaneni.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinyoni zindiza kahle futhi ziyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane ngaphandle kokwehla, zivame ukuziphilela indlela yokuphila. Izinzipho ezinhle nama-paws aqinile azisiza ukuba zihambisane kalula ogwini olunamanzi lwezidumbu zamanzi, futhi futhi ukuba zingashoni emhlabathini obonakalayo. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, njengomthetho, izinyoni zifuna ukudla.
Imvamisa, ama-snipe ahlala emahlathini anezimila eziphansi noma emigodini evulekile, eduze namachibi amancane. Ukuba khona kotshani obukhulu, kanye nokhuni oluqinile namaqabunga awileyo, adinga ukufihlwa okuphezulu.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-snipe izinyoni ezifudukayo. Abakwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda, ngakho-ke ekwindla bayandizela ezimpini ezifudumele ezinezimo ezethe xaxa. Noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, bachitha isikhathi esincane: vele nge-thaw yokuqala, babuyela eMhlabeni.
Izingoma ze- "Mating"
Isikhathi sokuzala yisikhathi esikhethekile empilweni ye-snipe. Kuqala endleleni yezinyoni ziye ezweni lakubo lapho zibuya emaphethelweni afudumele. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho abavame ukuthula snipe wesilisa qala ngokuheha ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Abesilisa bafika ezidlekeni zabo ngandlela thile kunabesifazane futhi baqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “okwamanje”, okungukuthi, umshikashika wokusebenza kwabesifazane.
Ukuswakama okuvamile kwabesilisa nabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzala
Ukuheha ukunakwa kwabamele "abesifazane", abesilisa benza izingoma ezikhethekile ngisho nemidanso. Izinyoni zizungeza kahle ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi zifika ngempumelelo, ngenkathi kukhipha isimilo umsindo oswelayo, ngikhumbuza imvu evuthayo. Ngokuziphatha okunjalo, abantu bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi “iwundlu”.
Lalela izwi leswipe
Ngemuva kwalomdanso wothando, owesilisa uqhubeka futhi aqhubeke nengoma yakhe emnandi phansi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, insikazi ibhekisisa “umculi” onesizungu namafomu ezinyoni.
Ukuhlwanyelwa okuzala
Lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe uqala ukucinga indawo efanelekile yokubeka isidleke. Owesilisa futhi isinyoka sowesifazane hlalani ndawonye kuphela esikhathini sokudlekwa, ngakho-ke owesifazane kuphela obandakanyeka ekuqandeni amaqanda futhi anakekele amaphuphu esikhathi esizayo kuze kube iphuzu elithile.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi “sokudlekwa kwenduna” owesilisa ufaka inyoni eyodwa kuphela, kusale ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqanda eduze kwesidleke futhi utshele abanye ukuthi insimu ihlalwa ngowesifazane wayo. Lesi sici sibonisa kuphela abamele lolu hlobo. Isilisa, uWoodcock, ngokwesibonelo, sikwazi ukufaka umquba kubantu besifazane abane kuya kwabayi-7 ngesizini.
Isidleke sengulube enamaqanda
Kwakhe isidleke sendoda yakhelwe emhlabathini kusuka kumagatsha namaqabunga awomile. Utshani obomile "buyangena" ekucindezelweni okuncane emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ichibi litholakale eduzane nesidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umswakama uphakeme wale ndawo, ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube, ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukufudumala nokududuza amachwane.
Izici zenzalo
Njengomthetho, insikazi ibekela amaqanda amancane amane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igobolondo leqanda lifana kakhulu nombala wethala le-snipe uqobo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uwafihle ngempumelelo amaqanda kulabo abafuna ukudlela kuwo.
Igobolondo linombala ophuzi futhi limbozwe amabala amnyama amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane bagcina amaqanda abo ngokuhlanganyela, kepha isizathu salokhu kuziphatha asikacaciswa. Le nyoni ivikela inzalo yayo ngendlela efanele, isabisa izinyamazane noma iphazamise ukunaka kwayo kuyo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 zokuqandeka, kuvela amachwane amancane, asevele embozwe nge-fluff kancane. Owesilisa nowesifazane banakekela inzalo bendawonye: bahlukanisa izithombo zibe yizingxenye ezimbili futhi bakhulisa amaphuphu abo ngokwehlukana.
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, amaphuphu ahlala engenakusizwa. Yize bashiya isidleke ngokushesha futhi bafunda ukulandela abazali babo, abazivikeli kakhulu kubazingeli. Ngakho-ke, abazali ngokuvamile kufanele banakekele kahle izingane zabo, ngesinye isikhathi baze bazithuthele emahlombe abo.
Inyoka yenkukhu
Ama-snout amancane phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuzalwa afana kakhulu nabantu abadala. Bathola umbala ofanayo wezinsiba futhi bafunda indlela yokufihla izisulu ngokufanele. "Isici" sabo kuphela ukungakwazi ukundiza.
Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokwenza izindiza ezihamba ibanga elide nabantu abadala senza amachwane afunde ngokushesha ubuciko bendiza. Futhi lapho sezinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukundiza ngokuzimela.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ingxenye enkulu yempilo ye-snipe ichithwa "ekwakhekeni" kwabo. Am amaphuphu amancane adinga okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze anethezeke emhlambini wawo futhi aphile impilo “yabantu abadala”.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lapho esezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, izinyoni zikwazi ukundiza kahle, kodwa namanje zincike kubazali bazo. Futhi eneminyaka engu-8 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye izinyanga, lapho kufika isikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla, i-snipe encane ayihlukile kuhlobo lwezinyoni ezindala.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwalezi zinyoni sineminyaka eyi-10. Lesi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu lapho i-snipe sinesikhathi sokwenza okuningi, kufaka phakathi inzalo eminingana.
Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kulezi zinyoni izitha zayo zemvelo kanye nabantu abanethonya ukuncipha kwenani lezinhlobo cishe zonke zomndeni wama-snipe.
Ukuzingela Snipe
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-snipe ingumdwebo obalulekile hhayi kuphela kubazingeli be-amateur, kodwa mina kochwepheshe. Esithombeni se-snipe Ungabona iplamu lakhe elihle futhi elihle kakhulu. Yile nto eyinhloko eyenzelwe ukuqothulwa kwezinyoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zizingelwa ngenxa yoqhwaku olude nolunomusa. Abazingeli bahlobisa amakamelo abo nabo futhi empeleni bazobakhombisa kubalingani babo. Noma kunjalo, izinyoni esicabangela zona ziyaqaphela futhi zinamahloni.
Snipe ngendiza
Babheka lapho bebazungezile futhi basabele ngokuqinile emisindweni engaphandle kosuku. Ngalesi sizathu, izinja ezizingelayo azikwazi ukubabamba, futhi abazingeli ngokwabo balahlekelwa inyamazane yabo ngemuva kokudutshulwa. Izinsikazi zivikela impilo yamantshontsho azo ngokunaka okukhethekile, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukweba amaqanda asesidlekeni esidlekeni sazo.
Izitha zemvelo zalezi zinyoni, okokuqala, zingabadla amahlathi. Lokhu kufaka amabheji, ama-martens, ama-sables, ama-ermines. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinduku eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezinobudlova ezihlobene namachwane, ziyingozi ezinyoni.
Ubudlelwane bezinyoni nabantu
Naphezu kokuzingela okuhlala njalo, inani le-snipe lihlala likhulu impela. Zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane kweziyi-17 ezifakwe ku-Red Book futhi zivikelwe kakhulu yizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene Zomhlaba. Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kukhokhelwa i-snipe yaseJapan, okwamanje njengamanje evame kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke abanye.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho ukuthi abantu bathanda kakhulu i-snipe. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukubuka indiza enhle nezingoma zezinyoni ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngaphansi kwabantu bathokozela ubukhazikhazi obuhle bezinyoni ezincane.
I-snipe yase-Asia
Ukuziphatha okuyi-snipe okunembile cishe njalo kubeka abantu ezindaweni zabo. Njengoba sekushiwo, abantu balezi zinyoni babizwa ngothando ngokuthi "iwundlu lasehlathini", okubuye kuqinisekise isimo esihle sabantu sokuba ngabamele lo mndeni.
Snipe ezincwadini kanye cinema
Izinyoni ezihlolwe kulesi sihloko zivame ukushiwo emibhalweni yezemibhalo noma kumafilimu esici. Ngakho-ke, i-snipe idlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini weVitali Bianchi "Ngubani ucula ini?". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zitholakala kuLeo Tolstoy ("Anna Karenina"), naku-Ivan Turgenev ("Amanothi omzingeli").
Kepha i-cinema, kuvela ama-snipe ngamafilimu ahlukahlukene, kepha ungadlali iqhaza elikhulu kuwo. Okokuqala, amafilimu anjengalawa afaka ama-Soviet film adaptations emibhalweni yezincwadi zezincwadi zaseRussia.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2010, kwakhululwa ifilimu elincane laseSweden elibizwa nge- “Bekas”. Kodwa-ke, leli gama lihunyushelwa olimini lwesiRussia ngokuthi “Izintandane” futhi alihlangene neze nezinyoni okukhulunywa ngazo endatshaneni. Kufanele futhi kushiwo ukuthi iBekas futhi igama lesibhamu esenziwe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ifektri yaseRussia iHammer.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sikhulume ngezinyoni ezinhle ezinjenge-snipe. Sifunde ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo zabamele lo mndeni, futhi sajwayela nendlela yabo yokuphila. Lezi zinyoni ziyinto ethokozisayo hhayi nje yokubheka kuphela, kodwa futhi nokutadisha.
Izinyoka zisikhumbuza ubuhle nomusa womhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bangakhohlwa ngeplanethi yabo nangezilwane ezihlala nxazonke. Ngempela, kunoma yisiphi isimo, akunandaba, kuyadingeka ukuhlala uyindoda futhi ujabulele ubuhle bemvelo.