Inyoni enamalebe Kungokuhleleka kwe-falcon nomndeni we-hawk. Uyaziwa futhi ngaphansi kwegama elingapheleli manje elithi "goshawk" (ngokusho kwe-etymology yolimi oludala lweSlavonic, "str" lisho "okusheshayo", futhi "rebec" lisho "motley" noma "pogomarked").
Izinyoni ukhozi ne-hawk hlala endaweni ehloniphekile kuzinsumansumane namasiko abantu abahlukahlukene bomhlaba, lapho zivame ukukhonjwa khona nezithunywa zawonkulunkulu. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babekhonza isithombe sale nyoni, bekholelwa ukuthi iso le-hawk lifanekisela inyanga nelanga, nezimpiko - umkhathi wezulu.
Amayunithi ama-Elite amaqembu ezempi amaSlavic ayevame ukubeka isithombe sale nyoni emabhinisini awo, okwakusho isibindi, amandla nokukhohlakala ngokuphelele ezitheni.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yephansi
Vele ubuke nje isithombe se-hawk ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inyoni Iminyene kakhulu futhi inesibalo esimfishane esinamaphiko ayindilinga futhi amafushane ayindilinga.
I-hawk inemilenze eqinile, lapho kutholakala khona iminwe emide enezinqe ezinamandla nomsila omude. Le nyoni futhi inesici sayo esiyingqayizivele ngendlela “yamashiya” amhlophe akhiwe ngqo ngaphezu kwamehlo, esivame ukuxhuma ngemuva kwekhanda.
Kwezinye izifunda namazwe angatholakala cishe i-hawk emnyama. Izinketho zombala izinyoni hawk kukhona eziningi ezinhle, kepha-ke, abantu batholwa kakhulu, ngombala lapho amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ansundu, amnyama namhlophe.
Amehlo oklebe abakhulu asemakhulu futhi avame ukubomvu noma ansundu, imilenze iphuzi. Abesifazane ezimweni eziningi bakhulu kunabesilisa, futhi isisindo sabo singafinyelela ku-2 kg ubude bomzimba ongu-60-65 cm kanye namaphiko angaphezu kwamamitha. Isisindo sabesilisa siyahlukahluka kuhla kusuka ku-650 kuya ku-1150 amagremu.
Hawks - izinyoni ezidla inyama, ongatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba wethu. Zisakazeke kakhulu eNyakatho (kuze kufike e-Alaska) naseNingizimu Melika, ezintabeni nasezindaweni zamahlathi ezwekazini lase-Euro.
Kakhulu ama-hawks amancane ahlala e-Afrika nase-Australia, ngokungafani nama-Hawks amakhulu, atholakala e-Asia nase-Europe. E-Russia, i-hawk itholakala njalo ngaphandle kwe-Far East, i-Primorsky Territory nakwezinye izindawo zaseSiberia eseNingizimu.
Namuhla, oklebe bahlala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlathi asendulo anezimbali, ngoba ngesinye isikhathi babeminyene ngabazingeli abavulekile ababandakanyeka ekudutshulweni kwezinja, ngoba, ngombono wabo, baqothula kakhulu izisulu zabo ezingaba khona - izigwaca kanye ne-grouse emnyama.
Lalela izwi le-hawk
Izwi lezinyoni linje ngokukhamuluka okukhulu, okwamanje ungezwa “izingxoxo” zazo eziphakeme ngaphandle komzana omncane.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila y hawk
Ama-Hawks ayizinyoni ezidonsa ngokweqile, ashesha futhi anejubane lombani. Bahola ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, bakhombisa umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu futhi bafuna ukudla ngesikhathi sasemini.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha i-pair, abayikhetha kube kanye empilweni. I-hawk pair inendawo yayo, imingcele yayo ingasakazeka ngaphezulu kwamahektare ayizinkulungwane ezintathu futhi ingahlangana nemingcele yabanye abantu (ngaphandle kwendawo yezinyoni eziqondile ezidlekayo).
Oklebe bavame ukwakha izidleke zabo emahlathini amahlathi amadala ezihlahleni ezide kakhulu, ezingeni lamamitha ayishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili ngqo ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Isidleke se-hawk nest
Zingahluka kakhulu ngokubukeka kubantu abahlukile, kepha, bobabili abesilisa nabathengi baphapheme ikakhulukazi ngenkathi kwakhiwa isidleke, bedida amathrekhi abo, behamba besuka esihlahleni besiya esihlahleni futhi bekhulumisana nabanye ngemisindo ethile.
Isikhuni senhloni kufana nokumemeza, kwesinye isikhathi kuguqulwe kube ukunyakaza okuphansi (emadodeni).
Ukudla kweHawk
I-bird hawk - inyamazaneUkudla kwakhe okuqukethe kakhulu ukudla kwezilwane. Amakati kanye nezinsikazi ezincane zidla ezinhlobonhlobo zezibungu, izinambuzane, amasele namagundane amancane.
Sebevuthiwe, baqala ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu, njengama-pheasants, ama-squirrels, ama-hares, onogwaja kanye ne-hazel grouse.
Oklebe bangazingela kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, ngoba isisu sabo sifakwe “isikhwama” esikhethekile lapho ingxenye yezinyamazane ingagcinwa khona, kancane kancane iwele esiswini.
IHawk idla ezinye izinyoni namagundane amancane
Ukubona oklebe kumane kubabazekayo, futhi lapho benyuka esibhakabhakeni bayakwazi ukubuka inyamazane yabo ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi. Ngemuva kokulandela inyamazane yayo, inyoni yenza umjiko wombani, ingakuvumeli ukuqaphela futhi ibambe inyamazane ngezinsimbi zayo ezinamandla eziyishumi.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi nokujaha, i-hawk igxiliwe kakhulu esilwaneni sayo kangangokuba ayikwazi ukubona kalula isithiyo esiphambi kwayo ngesimo somuthi, indlu noma isitimela.
UKlebe ememeza ukwethusa izinyoni Namuhla, isetshenziswa ngabazingeli bomdlalo ngenkani ukuze inyamazane ishiye indawo yokukhosela ukuze iphunyuke ngokushesha kumhlaseli.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
I-hawk inyoni eyindida, ehola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala isikhathi eside. Bafinyelela ekukhuleni cishe ngonyaka owodwa, bese emva kwalokho bakha ngababili bese baqala inqubo ehlanganyelwe yokwakha isidleke.
I-Hawk chick
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yendawo futhi kuvame ukusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane uzala inzalo engadluli kanye ngonyaka ngesilinganiso samaqanda amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, okuthi ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu kamuva, kuzalwe amaphuphu.
Kokubili okwensikazi nowesilisa kuyabandakanyeka ekuqandeni amaqanda. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, oklebe abancane bazi kahle zonke izisekelo zempilo ezimele futhi bashiye isidleke sabo sabazali.
Isikhathi sokuphila sikhulu nje esimeni sendawo yokuhlala yaso yeminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kweli-15, noma kunjalo, kunezimo lapho abanye abantu abagcinwe ekudingisweni behlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Thenga inyoni namuhla akunzima, namachwane hawk ingathengwa kalula ku-inthanethi ngamadola ayi-150-200 aseMelika. Ngokuvamile kuthengwa abalandeli be-falconry kanye nabathandi bezilwane zasendle.
I-Etymology yegama
Igama elithi hawk olimini oludala lweSlavonic litholakala ku- "astreb" ohlukile. Isi-Ukraine - i-hawk, i-hawk, i-Serbo-Croatia јastriјeb - i-hawk, enikeza u-јastrebast wesiphawulo - "i-motley, enamachashaza", Czech - jestrab, Old Czech - jastrab, Polish - jastrząb, Upper Luzhitsk - jatrob, and Lower Sorbian - Kuyathakazelisa Leli gama kungenzeka lakhiwa ngesisekelo sempande yasendulo yeSlavic * str enchazelo yegama elithi "speed" ostrъ (shear, arrow, rapids, rod). Ukuphela kwe-reb kunencazelo "pockmarked, motley". Isici esibonakalayo sokuzingela kwe-hawk ukujikijela kokugcina okusheshayo kombani, futhi iphethini yesiphambano esise-motley esifubeni yaziwa kahle futhi inikeze isiphawulo "hawigs" ngolimi.
I-Ara parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | Kuyacaciswa |
Igama lesiNgisi: | Kuyacaciswa |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Hawk-like |
Umndeni: | Hawk |
Umusa: | Ukhozi |
Ubude bomzimba: | 60-65 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | Kuyacaciswa |
I-Wingspan: | 1000 cm |
Isisindo: | 2000 g |
Okudingayo
Ama-Hawks ayizinyoni ezidla inyama ikakhulukazi ezidla ngokudla kwezilwane. Izinkukhu nabantu abasha badla izibungu, izinambuzane, amasele kanye namagundane amancane. Njengoba zikhula, onogwaja baqala ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu enjengama-pheasants, i-hazel grouse, ama-squirrels, ama hares, onogwaja.
AmaHawks azingela ngesikhathi sasemini, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, njengoba enesikhwama esikhethekile esiswini, esigcina ingxenye yezilwane ezibanjiweyo zidliwe, futhi ukusuka lapho kancane kancane ingena esiswini.
OKlebe baziwa ngamehlo abo amahle, ngenkathi befika esibhakabhakeni bafuna inyamazane ebangeni eliqhele ngamakhilomitha athile. Ngemuva kokulandela inyamazane, inyoni ivele yehle ngokushesha iyibambe ngezidlakela ezinamandla eziyishumi. Ngesikhathi sokujaha, i-hawk igxila kakhulu kulokho kuhlasela kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi ayiziboni izithiyo endleleni yayo, ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla, indlu noma isitimela.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ama-Hawks atholakala kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba wethu. Iningi lalaba bantu abahlukumezanayo livamile eNyakatho (kuze kufike e-Alaska) naseNingizimu Melika, nasezintabeni nasehlathini lase-Eurasia. Amakati amancane ahlala e-Afrika nase-Australia.
Ama-hawks ahlalwa ikakhulukazi ngamahlathi amadala anezimbali, njengoba exoshwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ngabazingeli abazidubulayo.
I-Goshawk (i-Accipiter gentilis)
Ukubuka okukhulu kakhulu. Isisindo sabantu besilisa sisuka ku-630 kuya ku-1100 g, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-55 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-98 kuya ku-104 cm. Izinsikazi zikhulu, isisindo sazo sisuka ku-860 kuya ku-1600 g, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-61 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-105 kuya ku-115 cm. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo Izinyoni zinemivimbo emhlophe ebanzi futhi emide ecishe iguqukele emuva kwekhanda. Uthingo lwezinyoni ezindala zibomvu noma zibomvu-nsundu, zincane - ziphuzi ngokugqamile.
Amapayipi asuka ku-bluish-grey to black. Umhlane, ikhanda nokumboza kwamaphiko kumnyama, isisu sikhanya ngemisuka emnyama edlulayo. Umsila ungwevu onsundu ngemivimbo emnyama. Umzimba ongaphezulu, ikhanda namaphiko abantu abasha kunsundu, isifuba simhlophe ngemivimbo emide emide.
Izinhlobo lezi zivame emahlathini acwengileko futhi athambile nasezintabeni zase-Eshiya naseNyakatho Melika.
Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)
Isidlakela esincane esinemibala emincane esinamaphiko amafushane, abanzi, nomsila omude. Ubude bomzimba wesidoda esidala busuka ku-29 kuya ku-34 cm, amaphiko abe ngamasentimitha angama-59-64. Owesifazane mkhulu ngokwedlulele, aze abe ngu-41 cm ubude ngamaphiko angama-67 kuye kuma-80 cm, futhi anesisindo esukela ku-186 kuya ku-345 g. ngmpunga emnyama, kwesinye isikhathi nge-tint eblue. Esiswini esine-tint ebomvu kukhona imithende ebomvana grey. Uthingo lungamawolintshi aphuzi noma obomvu-orenji. Insikazi ine-brown brown or brownish-brown emuva, amehlo aphuzi.
Ihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezingaphansi kweYurophu. Ukusuka ezifundeni ezibandayo udlulela ebusika uye eningizimu noma eningizimu mpumalanga eya e-Asia. Kuhlala emahlathini, eduze kwezindawo ezivulekile.
UCrested Hawk (Accipiter trivirgatus)
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni buqhamuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-46. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Ekhanda kukhona i-scallop emfishane. Umsila mude, izimpiko zibanzi, zimfushane. Abesilisa bansundu omnyama. Kwabesifazane, isisu sibuye sibe nsundu.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobo ifaka i-Asia eseningizimu (India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia, Philippines). Ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphansi, ezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele.
I-Hawk emfishane yamazinyo (i-Accipiter soloensis)
Ubude bomzimba buqala ku-30 kuye ku-36 cm, izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa ngobukhulu. Kufana nokuvela kondlange omncane, kepha ngaphandle kwephethini elinqamula esiswini nangeminwe emifushane. Ezinyoni ezindala, amathiphu amaphiko amnyama. Umhlane weduna ungwevu, isisu simhlophe, uthingo lubomvu. Insikazi inebele elibomvu kanye nothingo lwesiphuzi. Izinyoni ezincane ezinamabala njengabesifazane.
Izinhlobo zidla empumalanga yeChina, peninsula yaseKorea, kanye naseningizimu yePrimorsky Krai yaseRussia. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Ukubuka okufudukayo, kundizela endlini ebusika e-Indonesia nasePhilippines.
I-Madagascar Hawk (i-Accipiter francesii)
Ubude bomzimba wezinhlobo bungama-21-29 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-40 kuya ku-54 cm. Izinsikazi zinkulu. Umhlane weduna ungwevu omnyama, ikhanda liphuzi. Umsila ompunga uhlotshiswe ngentambo emnyama. Isisu simhlophe ngemivimbo emincane enombala obomvu-onsundu noma onsundu esifubeni nasezinhlangothini. Kukhona umngcele omhlophe emaphikweni. Izinsikazi zinsundu ngaphezulu, ngemivimbo emnyama emnyama emsila. Mid Mid ukukhanya. Uthingo, i-wax ne-paws ephuzi. Futhi kubantu abasha abane-tint eluhlaza okotshani.
End End kuya eMadagascar, lapho ihlala khona emahlathini, emahlathini asemahlathini, nakumapaki, izingadi ezinkulu, emasimini. Kwenzeka ngamamitha afinyelela ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
I-Light Hawk (i-Accipiter novaehollandiae)
Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-44 kuya ku-55 cm, amaphiko ama-cm angama-72-101 cm. Iziduna zincane kakhulu kunabesifazane ngobukhulu. Ukuze uthole i-hawk elula, i-morphs emhlophe ne-grey ihlukaniswa. I-plumage ye-grey morph isuka ku-blue-grey to brown-grey ekhanda, emuva kanye namaphiko, i-underside imhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama eguqayo ebeleni. Amachaphaza amhlophe. I-morph emhlophe ipendiwe imhlophe ngokuphelele. Izinduna zemvula zombili ze-morphs zibomvu-orenji noma zibomvu okumnyama, imilenze iphuzi.
Kwabantu abasha be-grey morph, i-iris ne-nape nsundu; imivimbo ivezwa ebeleni nasengxenyeni engenhla yomsila.
Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo luhlanganisa amahlathi, amahlathi amvula, imifula kanye nemiphetho yamahlathi ezindaweni ezisogwini zase-Australia, kanye naseTasmania.
U-brown Hawk wase-Australia (i-Accipiter fasciatus)
Kuhlala iziQhingi zaseFiji. Le nyoni inekhanda elimpunga nentambo e nsundu. Isisu esibomvu ngemisundu emhlophe. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-45 kuye ku-55 cm, amaphiko yi-75-95 cm. Izinsikazi zikhulu ngosayizi. Isisindo sowesilisa sifinyelela ku-220 g, kwabesifazane kuba ngu-355 g.
Straw Hawk (Accipiter striatus)
Ihhungane elincane kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buqhamuka ku-24 kuya ku-27 cm, kwabesifazane kusuka ku-29 kuya ku-34 cm. Izimpiko zinamasentimitha angama-53 - 65. Isisindo samadoda sisuka ku-87 siye ku-114 g, izintokazi zingu-150-218 g.Ikhanda lincane, liyindilinga ngesimo. Umsila mfushane. UBill umnyama, mncane, umise okwenziwe ngegwegwe. Izintambo zimfushane ziyindilinga, zimnyama ngezansi. Izinzipho zikhulu, zibukhali. I-plumage imnyama grey, umqhele umnyama, isifuba, isisu kanye nezangaphansi zikhanya, zinemivimbo ebomvu emnyama eguqukayo. I-rainbow burgundy. Imilenze iphuzi. Emsileni kukhona imivimbo emhlophe eshintshashintshayo. Ezinyoni ezincane, umqhele, i-nape kanye emuva kun nsundu, uthingo luphuzi.
Le nyoni ihlala eMexico, eVenezuela, e-Argentina.
INgoma yeNgoma emnyama (iMelierax metabates)
Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-38 kuya ku-51 cm. Ngemuva, amaphiko nekhanda kungwevu omnyama, isifuba nentamo kuphuzi okumpunga. Isisu simhlophe qwa, simthende. Izimpaphe zomsila nomsila zingwevu noma zimnyama. Umsila umhlophe ngaphezulu. Uqhwaku luphuzi ngensimbi grey. Amaphayi abomvu.
Izinhlobo lezi zihlala kuma-savannah kanye nasehlathini emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika.
Vota
Izwi likaklebe lifana nokumemeza okukhulu, futhi “izingxoxo” ezinkulu zalezi zinyoni zizwakala ngaphandle kweendawo zokuhlala. Emadodeni, ukumemeza kuvame ukuhamba kahle kube yimisindo ephansi.
Ukukhala kwe-hawk kusetshenziswa abazingeli bomdlalo ukusabisa izinyoni, ukukuzwa, inyamazane ishiya indawo yayo yokubalekela umhlaseli, bese iwela ezandleni zomzingeli.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Umsuka wegama elithi hawk ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene uhlotshaniswa nezincazelo zegama elithi “bukhali”, “okubukhali”, “okusheshayo”, “ukundiza okusheshayo”, okubonisa ubunjalo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni.
- Ezinganekwaneni eziningi nasezinganekwaneni zabantu bomhlaba, onkabi, kanye nezinkozi, babebhekwa njengezithunywa zonkulunkulu. Izakhamizi zaseGibhithe lasendulo zazikhonza isithombe sikashele, ngoba zazikholelwa ukuthi iso lakhe liwuphawu lwenyanga nelanga, kanti nezimpiko zalo zifanekisela isibhakabhaka. Amasosha amaSlav abeka umfanekiso we-hawk kumabhanela abo, njengophawu lwesibindi, amandla nokukhohlakala ngokuphelele ezitheni.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Goshawk
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ze-goshawk zibhekwa njengenye yezindala emhlabeni. Lezi zinyoni zazikhona endulo. Imvamisa ama-hawks ayebhekwa njengezithunywa zonkulunkulu, futhi eGibhithe lasendulo kwakukhona unkulunkulu enekhanda lale nyoni. AmaSlav abuye futhi ahlonipha izikhulu zemigwaqo futhi abeka isithombe senyoni ezivikelweni nasejazini lezingalo. Ukudonswa kwezinkabi nokuzingela ngalezi zinyoni kufinyelela ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Ividiyo: Goshawk
IGoshawk ingesinye sezidleke ezinkulu ezinemibala emincane. Ubukhulu bonyazi besilisa buqala ngamasentimitha angama-50 kuya kwangama-55, isisindo sifinyelela ku-1,2 kilos. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-70, kanye nesisindo samakhilogremu amabili. Iphiko le-hawk lingaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,1-1,5.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenxa yephiko elikhulu, i-hawk ingahlelelwa ngokuphepha ekukhuphukeni kwemijikelezo yomoya kanye nemizuzu engamashumi ukubheka inyamazane efanelekile, ibalekele ngaphandle komzamo.
Isisulu esinamaphiko siyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqinile, sinekhanda elincane le-oblong nentamo emfushane kodwa ehambayo. Enye yezinto eziqondile zephawuni wukubakhona “kwamabhulukwe ezimpaphe”, okungaveli ngezinhlobo ezincane zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Le nyoni imbozwe ngotshani obuningi obimpunga futhi kuphela izimpaphe ezingaphansi zinokukhanya okukhanyayo noma okumhlophe, okwenza le nyoni ibe yinhle futhi ikhunjulwe kahle.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umthunzi wezimpaphe ze-hawk uncike endaweni okuyo. Izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zinephunga eliminyene nelikhanyayo, kuyilapho izithambisi zezintaba zaseCaucasus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinephunga elimnyama.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-goshawk
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukubonakala kwe-goshawk hawk kuncike kakhulu endaweni lapho inyoni ihlala kuyo.
Sibala izinhlobo eziphambili zezinyoni futhi sibonisa izici zazo:
- I-European Goshawk. Lo omele izinhlobo zinkulu kunawo wonke ama-goshawks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esijabulisayo salezinhlobo ukuthi izintokazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa cishe isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. I-hawk yaseYurophu ihlala cishe kuyo yonke i-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika naseMorocco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala kwenyoni eMorocco kubangelwa ukuthi abantu abaningana abaningana bakhululwa ngenhloso ngenhloso yokulawula inani lamajuba akhule kakhulu,
- I-African Goshawk. Inosayizi onesizotha ukwedlula i-European hawk. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala awudluli amasentimitha angama-40, futhi isisindo asidluli ngaphezu kwama-500 amagremu. Le nyoni inombala ogqamile wezimpaphe emhlane namaphiko, nophahla olungwevu esifubeni sayo,
- i-hawk yase-Afrika inemilenze eqinile kakhulu enezinqe ezinamandla futhi eziyishumi, emvumela ukuba abambe ngisho nomdlalo omncane kakhulu. Le nyoni ihlala ezwenikazi lonke lase-Afrika ngaphandle kwasezindaweni eziseningizimu nezomile.
- i-hawk encane. Njengoba igama lisho, iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo edla inyama. Ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-35, nesisindo cishe ngama-300 amagremu. Naphezu kokude kakhulu nosayizi wayo ovelele, le nyoni ingumdlwenguli okhuthele kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukubamba umdlalo isisindo sayo iphindwe kabili. Ngombala, i-hawk encane ayihlukile kune-goshawk yaseYurophu. Umhlaseli onamaphiko uhlala ikakhulukazi esifundeni esisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika,
- i-hawk ekhanyayo. Inyoni engajwayelekile, eyaba negama ngenxa yombala wokukhanya ongavamile kakhulu. Ngobukhulu kanye nemikhuba ikhophi ecishe iphelele yomlingani waseYurophu. Sekukonke, kunabantu abangaba yikhulu kuphela be-goshawk emhlophe, futhi bonke batholakala e-Australia,
- red hawk. Ummeleli ongajwayelekile kakhulu womndeni we-hawk. Kuyafana ngosayizi esidlekeni sezinyoni eYurophu, kepha kuyahluka ngeplamu elibomvu (noma elibomvu). Le nyoni ingukuduma kwangempela kopholi, okwenza ekudleni kwayo okuningi.
Umndeni wama-goshawks mkhulu impela, kepha zonke izinyoni zinemikhuba efanayo, zihlukile ngobukhulu nangokubukeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Goshawk ngendiza
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zabaphisi be-goshawk bahlala phansi, futhi uma kungekho mfutho wamandla, khona-ke izinyathi ezidla zodwa ziphila impilo yazo yonke endaweni eyodwa. Okuwukuphela kokwehlukahluka kuyizinyoni ezihlala enyakatho ye-United States of America eduze nasezintabeni zakwaRocky. Ebusika, akunazimpikiswano kulezi zingxenye, futhi izitha ezinamaphiko ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zifudukele eningizimu.
IGoshawk iyinyoni eshesha kakhulu futhi i-agile. Uphila impilo yansuku zonke, uncamela ukuzingela ekuseni noma ntambama ngaphambi kokuba ilanga lifinyelele ekuthambekeni kwalo. Le nyoni ilala ubusuku esidlekeni, njengoba amehlo ayo engaguquki ekuzingeleni ebusuku.
I-hawk ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nensimu yayo, izama ukungabhabeki ngaphandle kwendawo yayo futhi ichithe impilo yayo yonke esidlekeni esifanayo. Lezi zinyoni ziyinyumbane. Bakha umbhangqwana ozinzile futhi bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye impilo yabo yonke.
Njengomthetho, izindawo zokuzingela zombhangqwana ziyahlangana, kepha ungahambelani. Izinyoni zinomona kakhulu ngomhlaba wazo futhi ziyaxosha (noma zibulale) ezinye izinyamazane ezinemibala ezindizayo lapha.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Noma oklebe besifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, indawo yabo incane izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kwezingu-2-3. Yibona abesilisa ababhekwa njengabazitholela phambili emndenini, yingakho izindawo zabo zokuzingela zikhulu.
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ama-Hawks izidleke ehlathini kaningi, eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinde kakhulu, ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha angama-20.
Incazelo Hawk
I-hawk inamaphiko amafushane kunayo - afinyelela ku-35 cm. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: oklebe bahlala futhi bazingela ehlathini, futhi lapho kunamaphiko anjalo kulula ukundiza nokuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla. Uqhwaku lugobile, lifushane. Ukhozi oluphuzi lungaphezulu komlomo.
Amehlo aphuzi, owolintshi, umkhawulo ofile ubomvu onsundu, uphendukele phambili kancane, futhi awukho ezinhlangothini zekhanda, onikeza umbono we-binocular. Muhle kakhulu kuma-Hawks - ekuxazululeni kukhuphuka amahlandla ama-8 kunomuntu. Ukuzwa nakho kuhle, kepha iphunga lokuhogela alinamandla.
Qaphela!
Ngaphezulu kwama-hawks apendwe ngamathoni ansundu, grey no brown, kanti isifuba sikhanya, ngemivimbo ekhanyayo. Yize kukhona okuhlukile.
Ama-goshawks amhlophe ahlanzekile atholakala eKamchatka. Izimpiko zibanzi, azikhonjwanga, njenge-falcon. Umsila usikiwe noma ungasikwa ngokulinganayo. Amaphayi anamandla amakhulu, aphuzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Goshawk eBelarus
Owesilisa uqala ukunakekela owesimame kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuthandana, lo mbhangqwana uqala ukwakha isidleke futhi owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza kule nqubo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest kuqala izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubekwa kweqanda futhi kuthathe cishe amasonto amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zihlomisa isidleke esikhulu (esingamamitha ububanzi). Ezokwakha, kusetshenziswa amagatsha omile, amagxolo ezihlahla, izinaliti kanye namahlumela ezihlahla.
Imvamisa, kukhona amaqanda ama-2-3 esidlekeni se-goshawk. Cishe azifani ngobukhulu kunenkukhu, kodwa zinombala ogqamile futhi ongemuhle uma uthintwa. I-hatching yeqanda ihlala izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kweli-30 bese insikazi ihlala emaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uzingela futhi anikeze intombi yakhe ngempango.
Ngemuva kokuba kuzelwe abesilisa, insikazi ihlala nayo esidlekeni inyanga yonke. Kuyo yonke le nkathi, iduna lizingela ngamandla avuselelwe futhi linikeza ukudla kwensikazi nawo wonke amaphuphu.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukukhula okuncane kusemaphikweni, kepha abazali basabondla, befundisa ukuzingela. Kusele izinyanga ezintathu kuphela ukuphuma esidlekeni, amaphuphu azimela ngokuphelele futhi ashiye abazali bawo. Ukuvuthwa kwezinyoni ngokocansi kwenzeka ngonyaka.
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-goshawk ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-14-15, kepha ezimweni zokubekelwa ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinyoni zingaphila iminyaka engama-30.
Ahlala kuphi amasela?
AmaHawks ahlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi oMhlaba: ukusuka ehlathini-tundra kuya ehlathini e-Eurasia, omabili amaMelika, e-Afrika, nase-Australia.
Zincamela ukuhlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, yize kunezinhlobo esezivumelanise nesimo sendawo evulekile.
Oklebe abahlala enyakatho bathuthela eningizimu, futhi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinomusa baphila impilo yokuhlala.
Izitha zemvelo zikaphisi we-goshawk
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-goshawk
Ngokuvamile, i-goshawk ayinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo, ngoba lezi zinyoni ziphezu koxhaxha lokudla lwezinyamazane ezinamaphiko. Yena uqobo uyisitha semvelo ezinyoni eziningi nomdlalo omncane wamahlathi.
Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe zingaba yingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane. Lezi ezinye zezilwane ezihlaselwe ehlathini ezingabukela inyamazane yazo amahora amaningi, futhi uma izinyoni ezincane zikhala, khona-ke impungushe iyakwazi ukuhlasela oklebe.
Ebusuku, izikhova nezikhova zingasongela ama-Hawks. Ama-Goshawks awaboni kahle ebumnyameni, okuyikho okusetshenziswa yizikhova, okuyizidlamlilo ezihamba phambili ebusuku. Zingahlasela amachwane ebusuku, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindisela ezinsini ezindala.
Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyamazane, ubukhulu bayo budlula usayizi wephisi, zingaba sengozini ebonakalayo. Isibonelo, kuma-Hawks ase-United States nezinkozi zihlala endaweni engomakhelwane, futhi izinkozi, njengezinyoni ezinkulu, zibusa izilo futhi azideleli nakancane ukuzingela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umdlalo unganele, ama-hawks angabamba iqhaza ku-cannibalism futhi adle izihlobo ezincane nezingenamandla noma ama-broods abo. Kodwa-ke, okuyingozi kakhulu kuma-goshawks ngabantu abadla izinyoni ngepulamu elihle noma ukwenza isilwane esihle futhi esibukekayo esigxiliwe.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Isithombe: Goshawk Hawk
Ngeshwa, inani lama-goshawks lincipha ngokuqinile. Futhi uma ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka bekukhona izinyoni ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-400, manje azisekho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200 zazo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwaba nokukhula okuqhamukayo kwezolimo lwezinkukhu futhi isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi i-hawk yayiwusongo lwezinkukhu, amahansi kanye namadada.
Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, inani elikhulu lezinyoni lacekelwa phansi, okwakukhona ukwanda kwejometri ngenani londlunkulu, okubuye kwaba nomphumela omkhulu kwezolimo. Ibhalansi yemvelo icasukile, futhi ayikabuyiselwa. Kwanele ukukhumbula "ukuzingela undlunkulu" odumile eChina ukuqonda ukuthi ubukhulu benhlekelele bukhulu kangakanani.
Njengamanje, inani lama-goshawks lisatshalaliswa kanjena:
- I-USA - izinkulungwane ezingama-30 zabantu
- I-Afrika - izinkulungwane ezingama-20 zabantu,
- Amazwe ase-Asia - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-35,
- IRussia - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-25,
- I-Europe - cishe izinkulungwane ezine zezinyoni.
Ngokwemvelo, zonke izibalo zilinganiselwa emvelweni, futhi ososayensi abaningi be-Ornithological besaba ukuthi empeleni kunezinyoni ezimbalwa. Kukholakala ukuthi awekho ngaphezu kwamabili ama-4-5 ama-hawks angaphila kumamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ukunciphisa indawo ehlathini eyi-relict kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isibalo samaphisi siyancipha futhi nezidingo zokwenza ngcono isimo zingakabonakali.
Sparrowhawk inyoni enhle yokudla inyamazane ingumhlengikazi wehlathi. Lezi zinyoni zisiza ukugcina ukulingana kwemvelo kwemvelo futhi azikwazi ukudala ingozi ebonakalayo emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu. Emazweni amaningi amapulazi omhlaba avikelwe umbuso, futhi ukuzingela kuwo kungaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile.
Hawks abathunjiwe
Okulukhuni kulula ukukulawula. Izinsuku zokuqala kunzima ukuzondla. Kufanele anikeze izingcezu zenyama endizeni ayicindezele emphinjeni wakhe lapho evula umlomo wakhe. Kepha emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lo hawk uthatha ukudla ezandleni zakhe.
Ngama-hawks bazingela emazweni amaningi omhlaba, imvamisa umdlalo, kepha e-Afrika bayakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ekuzingeleni izinyoni. Kuliqiniso, i-hawk ngeke ibhekane nemfene, kepha ingakuqothula ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwendlela, bese ibhizinisi lezinja nabazingeli.
Ngokuthabisako, ama-hawks ayaxutshwa eCaucasus naseCrimea, azingelwe nawo, futhi akhishwe ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzingela.
Ukondla i-hawk ekudingisweni akulula. Inyama enobisi ingondliwa, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside. Uhlelo lwabo lokugaya ukudla lwenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi ngokuqinisekile badinge amathambo, izimpaphe noboya. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukubathengela amagundane ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Izinhlobo zezinambuzane
Kuhlobo lwe-Hawk, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70, amagama alezi zinyoni aveza izici zawo.
IGoshawk ingummeleli omkhulu wohlobo. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-cm angama-69. Owesifazane unesisindo esingama-1,6 kg, owesilisa, njengawo wonke amankonyane amancane. Uhlobo Lokusabalalisa:.
I-hawk yase-Afrika incane kabili. Umhlane wakhe ungwevu, ne-wax ayiwona ophuzi, kepha ibe nsundu. Izimpilo e-Afrika, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho nentshonalanga.
ISparrow-hawk isabalele eYurophu, eRussia kanye naseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga yeChina. Kakhulu kakhulu kune-goshawk. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa nangokuthi i-hawk encane. Ukuzalelwa emakholoni amancane.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-goshawks awavumeli izihlobo ziye endaweni yazo yokuzingela, kepha ondlunkulu bavunyelwe ngokuthula isidleke eduze.
I-hawk ekhanyayo ihlala e-Australia nase Tasmania. Umbono uhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili - grey and white. Kakhulu, amaphiko afinyelela kumamitha.
I-hawk yengoma emnyama iyisakhamuzi sasehlathini nama-savannah aseNingizimu Afrika. Akhipha imisindo ecokeme, aqamba igama lawo.
Ushebe osezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, uhlala eNdiya entshonalanga kuya e-Indonesia empumalanga. Okujwayelekile ngokubukeka, kepha kune-crest.
I-Tuvik yaseYurophu iyisakhamuzi saseNingizimu yeYurophu, eCrimea, eCaucasus. Ubusika eGibhithe, eTurkey nase-Arabia. Okuphakathi, kudla izinyoni namaxoxo.
I-Red Hawk - Inyoni eyinqaba yezinyamazane e-Australia. Mikhulu, incane kancane kune-goshawk, umbala ubomvu ngombala.
I-hawk inyoni enhle ngokumangalisayo futhi ehlakaniphile. Kulula ukuyishintsha. Ababathandi kakhulu abazingeli bomdlalo, ngoba lapho kuhlala khona oklebe, akekho noyedwa wokuzingela. Bobabili abalimi namajuba abakuthandi ukweba izinkukhu kanye namajuba. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka lokugcina badutshulwa, baze babona ukuthi kuyadingeka izinyoni ngemvelo, ezilawula inani lamagundane.
Akukho lutho oluhle ngokweqile emvelweni. Futhi indoda enhle kangako - ngisho nangaphezulu.
Hawk: Incazelo
Lezi zinyoni zifanekisela izinyoni ezidla inyama zomndeni wakwa-hawk. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo lwama-hawks ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu bazo obuhlukahlukene bomzimba, zikhula zibe ngamamitha angama-0.7 futhi zibe nesisindo ngaphakathi kwamakhilogremu 1.5, kuyilapho i-quail-hawk incanyana ngosayizi (kuphela ngo-0.35 m) futhi inesisindo esiphansi (cishe 0.4 kg).
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
OKlebe bathande ukuhlala emathangeni, bezakhela izidleke emithini emide kakhulu ukulawula izindawo abazizingelayo, ezisezindaweni ezisukela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100 kuye kwangama-150. Lesi sidlakudla sizizwa sihle emahlathini aminyene ezihlahla ezinde, sinezici zokundiza ezihlukile. Ungena kalula emqheleni wezihlahla kunoma iyiphi indlela, avele ajike ngokushesha futhi ame ngokushesha, ngakho-ke izisulu zakhe azinalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Izici ezifanayo zokundiza zingenzeka ngenxa yobukhulu bekhompiyutha yomzimba kanye nokwakheka kwamaphiko awo. Isisulu sokuzingela kukashuni sisekuhlaselweni kwaso kombani ngasohlangothini lwenyamazane yaso, ebheke ukuthi silalele. Ubamba inyamazane yakhe ngamawele aqinile futhi ayicishe ngamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisulu sithola ukulimala okungahambelani nokuphila ngenxa yokuba khona kwezihlakala eziqinile nezibukhali. Njengomthetho, i-hawk idla inyamazane yayo ngokuphelele, ngama-giblets nezimpaphe, kanye namathambo. Lokhu kuvumela umphangi ukuba athole zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo.
Ama-Hawks awahlukaniswa ngemininingwane yezwi eyingqayizivele. Zingaqashelwa yi-"ki-ki-ki" esezingeni eliphezulu noma "ki-ki-ki-ki" ende. Ukuzwa imisindo enjalo kuqhamuka emahlathini asehlathini, singasho ngokuphephile ukuthi imbube ihlala eduzane nehlathi. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo zama-hawks wengoma enza imisindo engaphezulu kwe-melodic. Kanye ngonyaka, ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo entsha yamaphisi, ancibilika, futhi inqubo yokuncibilika ingadonsa iminyaka emi-2.