I-Ling - inhlanzi evela emndenini wama-cyprinids (uCyprinidae), owenza uhlobo lwegama elifanayo, oluqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwamanzi ahlanzekile - i-Tinca tinca. Izici ezihlukile zetekisi yangaphandle yayo eyingqayizivele, i-thermophilicity, ukungabikho kokuhamba, kanye nokuzivumelanisa okuhle nezici ezingezinhle zemvelo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezinhle kakhulu zesimilo, umlingisi ophambukayo, kuyinto ethandwayo yokudoba ngama-amateur nezemidlalo.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-tench?

I-Tinca tinca ayifani nanoma yimuphi omunye ummeleli we-ichthyofauna, kuzo zombili kuma-cyprinid abomdabu nasemindenini eqhelile. Osaziwayo bezemvelo L.P. USabaneev noS.ST. U-Aksakov waveza emisebenzini yakhe ukuthi "ukunamathela esigcini sekhempeli elilodwa kufana ne-ide". Uma ngabe lezi zici ezijwayelekile zikhona, zingakwazi ukutholakala kumuntu ojwayelekile, ngasikhathi sinye, ingaphandle lenhlanzi likuvumela ukuthi ulikhombe phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo, uma unaka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuziphatha:

• umzimba omude
• isikali esincane kakhulu, esifanelekile i-cycloid (izingcezu ezingama-87- 105 emugqeni we-lateral),
• Amehlo amancane ane-iris ebomvu,
• umugqa omkhulu ocwebezelayo
• umlomo wokugcina omncane ngezindebe ezinamanzi,
• i-antennae ebucayi kuze kufike ku-2 mm ubude ezinhlangothini zomhlathi ongenhla,
• amaphiko amnyama ayindilinga,
• izinhlangothi ezitshelayo embozwe ungqimba olungapheli lwe-mucus.

Isikimu sombala sincike ezimweni zokuphila. Echibini elihlanzekile elinomhlabathi okhanyayo, umzimba unombala wesiliva ohlaza okotshani onamathani aminyene ngemuva. Endabeni yaphansi enodaka, ama-shades aguqukela endaweni ethile ebandayo enombala onsundu, imvamisa nge-tint yomnqumo. Kunefomu lezinhlanzi ezihlobisayo - i-tench yegolide, ehlukile kunekhethini lesisekelo ngombala we-saffron-amber, amabala amnyama ezinhlangothini ne-iris emnyama.

Umsuka wegama lezinhlobo uhlotshaniswa nesinye sezimpawu ezihlukile zokuziphatha. Lapho ingena emzimbeni, umumbu, lapho ungena emoyeni, womile ngokushesha, uqinise bese uwela ungcezwana, kufana nenqubo yokushintsha ikhava yezilwane - ukuncibilika.

Izinhlanzi zibonakaliswa yizimpawu zesibili ezithuthukisiwe zobulili, eziphawuleka kakhulu emadodeni - amaphini amaphakathi anwebile anemisebe eminyene.

Isikhathi sokuphila nosayizi we-tench

Abamele lolu hlobo lweTinca bahlukaniswa umjikelezo omude wokuzalwa weminyaka eyi-12-15 nokukhula okuhamba kancane. I-fry yeminyaka eyi-1 inobude bomzimba engadluli ku-3-7 cm futhi ikhula ngesilinganiso esilinganayo esingu-3-5 cm isizini ngayinye Ngokukhula ngokobulili (iminyaka emi-3-4), usayizi womuntu awudluli ku-15-20 cm, uma uqhathaniswa nomuntu oneminyaka engu-1.5-2 ubudala i-carp. Ngemuva kokuphela kweminyaka engu-6-7, ukwanda kwesisindo nosayizi kuyancipha. Inhlanzi iyakwazi ukukhula ibe ngamasayizi ahlaba umxhwele, i-tench enkulu kakhulu inesisindo esingu-7.0-7,5 kg ubude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-65-70. Njengomthetho, kuza abantu abalinganayo abanesisindo esingu-150-700 g. 0 kg

Habitat

Izinhlobo zisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu nengxenye ye-Asia enesimo sezulu esipholile. Lapha kuhlala i-tench ezindaweni ezimile, ezigeleza ezindaweni eziphansi zolwandle olumnyama, iBaltic, iCaspian kanye nolwandle i-Azov. Ngenxa yokunamathiselwe esimweni sezulu esifudumele, izinhlanzi azisabanzi empumalanga ye-Urals, kepha zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo naphakathi neYenisei, Vitim, Ob, Angara, kanye nezinye izingxenye ezisentshonalanga yeLake Baikal. Izindawo ezithandekayo zokuncibilikisa zifaka amachibi, amachibi, amadombolo, amaseseksini onamandla amanje, izintokazi ezindala, izindawo zokugcina ezinesihlabathi esithambile, esinosilika, obumba phansi.

Inhlanzi iyakwazi ukubekezelela ukusweleka komoya-mpilo, ukwanda kwe-acidity nosawoti, ngakho-ke izizwa imnandi kumaswidi, kuzamcolo wezikhukhula, emilanjeni yomfula ngokuqukethwe okuphambili kwamanzi olwandle. Ukuze ube nempilo enhle, ubuningi be-algae, phansi, izitshalo ezinde, i-snag, izihlahla ezihlanganisiwe, umhlanga, umhlanga, ukuvikela nokudla kubalulekile.

Ngabe izinhlanzi zidlani emvelweni?

Isisekelo sokudla kungukudla kwezitshalo, i-zooplankton kanye nezinto ezincane eziphilayo ezihlala phansi kwemizimba yamanzi:

• ama-bloodworms, ama-amphipods, ama-rotifers,
• cyclops, Bosmin, polemus,
• izimbungulu, ama-annelids, ama-mollusks, ama-leeches,
• izibungu zama-chironomid, imayflies, izimpungushe, izimpukane zecaddis, izibani,
• amabhungane amanzi (i-lamellar, ukubhukuda),
• amahlumela we-telakare, resta, buttercup, Hornwort, elodea,
• duckweed, ezinye izitshalo ezincane ezintantayo,
• okusanhlamvu, phytoplankton, detritus.

Ngokuthanda, izinhlanzi zomndeni zidla izithiyo zokufakelwa nokudla okuxubile, okwenzelwe ukubamba nokukhulisa amanye ama-cyprinid. Ngokushoda kokudla, kungadla gazinga, izinambuzane ezinamaphiko, ama-tadpoles, i-caviar, nokunye ukudla kwezilwane okuthile. Umsebenzi ophambili wokuphakelwa uwela ngesikhathi sokuhlwa sosuku futhi kuhambisane nokumba ngokujulile kokudonsela phansi. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla ngaphansi kuka + 10 C C, inhlanzi ilahlekelwa yisifiso sayo futhi iyeke ukufuna ukudla. Isimo esifanayo sibonisa umuntu ovuthwe ngokufudumele (ngenhla kuka + 30 ° C), obangela ukushiswa ngamandla kuwo.

Indlela yokuphila

I-Lin ithanda izindawo ezishonile ezingashonile kumamitha ayi-1-2, ngakho-ke icophelela ngokucophelela futhi iyimfihlo. Ukukhula okuncane kuqoqwa ngamaqembu amancane (izingcezu ezi-5-15), kuyilapho abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bethambekela ebhekeni elilodwa, elizinzile. Kwizinhlanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokwanele libalulekile, kepha livikela ukukhanya kwelanga okuvulekile, okunamathela njalo ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wezitshalo. Ukuze ungancintisani kumqhudelwano we-feed nge-agile, ubiquitous, noisy crucian carp, osesha ukudla ngesikhathi sasemini, isixhumanisi sishintshele ekungeneni kokudla komsoco. Okuhambisana nalokhu ukukuluma kwakhe asebenzayo kusihlwa nasekupheleni kokusa.

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kulula ngokwanele ukulandelela izinhlanzi ngendlela ye-bubble, eyenzeka ngenxa yokuphuma komoya we-swamp kusuka ku-sludge evulekile. Kepha le ndlela kwesinye isikhathi iyehluleka, ngoba i-carp iyindlela efanayo yokudla.

Ekwindla yokuqala, i-tench iqongelela ngokuqinile izinqolobane zamandla futhi ingondla usuku lonke. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo sikaNovemba, umsebenzi wokuphakelayo wehla kakhulu. Ukuseshwa kwezinhlanzi ngakunye, kwakha izikole, kuya emigodini ebusika, lapho bemba khona usilika, bawele oopopayi abasamisiwe futhi bangondli nhlobo. Leli phupho liqinile kangangokuba emachibini angashoni, emifuleni, emachibini kunamacala okufa kwabantu imfuyo ngenxa yokuqandelwa yizo zonke izingqimba zamanzi ngisho nengxenye yaphansi. Ukuvuswa kwentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka lapho isithombo sesifudumele ngenhla kuka + 4-7 ° C. Inhlanzi ishesha ukulahla ubusika bese iqhubekela ezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho izimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi iyofuna ukudla kwezilwane ezinekhalori ephezulu, ngokuyinhloko izibungu zomiyane.

Ukusakaza okweshumi

Izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa zidonsa sekwephuze kakhulu, zilinde amanzi ukuba afudumele afinyelele ezingeni lokushisa lika + 20-24 ° C, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo uvame ukuphela kukaMeyi, Juni noma ukuqala kukaJulayi. Indawo enamaphaphu igeleza kancane, amanzi angajulile avikelwe emoyeni (0.3-0.8 m) ngobuningi besitshalo esingaphansi komhlaba. Imashi ngokuvamile ifakwa emagatsheni akhukhulayo ezihlahla nasezihlahleni. Ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngokunqenqema nesikhathi sokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Le nqubo ifaka abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi abaneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, ebonakala ngesisindo (200-400 g) nokuzala (amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20- 40). Izinsikazi ezingaphezulu kuka-0.8-1.0 kg ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amancane anombala ophuzi angama-400-500 ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

Imvelo ihlinzeka ngesinxephezelo ngokulahleka kwesikhathi okubangelwa ukuqhuma sekwephuzile: isikhathi sokufakwa kwamaqanda sifinyezwa kakhulu, emanzini afudumele kahle angamahora angama-70-75 kuphela. Izibungu ezigoqayo ezinobukhulu be-3.0-3,5 mm zinamathisela kulengxenye engezansi futhi zisheshise ezinye izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngenxa yamandla agciniwe we-yolk sac. Fry encane ebhukuda ihlala emanzini angajulile. Ngenxa yomqondo wokuhlusela umhlambi, inhlanzi ezinomlotha zakha izikole ezinkulu futhi zicasha emifino eminyene, lapho ishintshela khona ekudleni okondlayo okusebenzayo nge-zooplankton kanye ne-unicellular algae. Njengoba sesifinyelele kusayizi ka-1,2-1,5 cm, i-fry icwila phansi bese ishintshela ekudleni okune-benthic okunempilo.

Ukudoba umugqa

Isikhathi esifanele sokudoba isikhathi sangaphambi kokuklabha (Ephreli-Meyi) futhi esifudumele ngo-Agasti, Septhemba, Okthoba. Udinga ukuya echibini kuse mnyama, ukuze ungaphuthelwa ukuluma kwasekuseni. Njengokulwa kwendawo yonke, kusetshenziswa induku yokudoba, efakwe:

• ikhoyili encane yangaphakathi (1500-2000),
• umugqa oyinhloko wokudoba wombala omnyama (0.25-0.3 mm),
• ukuvuza okungama-20-25 cm ubude (ubukhulu 0.18-0.22 mm),
• izinduku ezisheshayo zokudoba ezisheshayo ezi-4-5 m ubude,
• 3-5 g ukuntanta,
• isinki ngesimo seminqumo (2 g g) kanye ne-sub-flask (1-3 g),
• i-crochet No. 8-14 (ngokuya ngezigaba zamazwe omhlaba).

Ubukhulu obukhulu bokuthi le mishini ayihlobene nesisindo senhlanzi, kodwa nendawo yokudoba, lapho izitshalo nezimbila eziningi zidonsa khona. Ukunakwa kufanelwe ukukhethwa kwe-fleat, okufanele ibe nombala obuthuntu (onsundu, luhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani). Isibungu esikhulu sobumba nodongwe, isilwanyane, inqwaba yezikelemu zegazi, isibungu, kanye neempethu kuyasetshenziswa njengokubamba nge-tench.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zivame ukuwela izibungu zikadrako, kodwa lapha udinga ukuzilungiselela ukulunywa okungenzeka kwe-perch kanye ne-carp. Phakathi kwama-nozzles wezitshalo, abaholi bangamabele kakolweni, i-oats, ibhali, uphizi, amazambane, inhlama, i-semolina, isigaxa sesinkwa. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina, isheyiti isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngendlela yekhiyubhu yekhekhe edonswa imicu enezinhlangothi 1x1 cm noma 1x1.5 cm (hemp, nelineni, sunflower). Uma kwenzeka ukuluma okungazinzile, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlanganise isihego kugobo, udale “isamentshisi” lezimpethu ne-gwww, ummbila nenhlama. Enye indlela yokudoba i-tench kungukubhekana nengaphansi kwe-rubber shock absorber. Kungathathwa ngokubhukuda noma ngesikebhe ewindini phakathi kwamathanga aminyene nokudoba ngaphandle kwengozi yokuphonswa okungaphumelelanga.

Izimfanelo ezinhle

Isaga esidumile sithi: "inyama enhle kakhulu ingulube, inhlanzi ehamba phambili iyishumi." Lokhu iqiniso lokuthi noma ngubani noma ngubani owake wanambitha isidlo kusuka kulomeleli oyingqayizivele wamanzi amhlophe ichthyofauna uzovumelana nawo. Inhlanzi inenyama enamafutha enamafutha futhi inamafutha (3,5-8.8%) ene-aftertaste emnandi, isilinganiso esiphakathi kwezingxenye ezidliwayo nezingcolile zomzimba singama-55-60%. I-Fillet ye-tench ayiyona i-bony, ithathwa ngokushesha ngumzimba, ilungele ukudla ngokubonga kokuqukethwe okunamafutha okulinganiselwe (3.5-3.8%) nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori (40-45 kcal nge-100 g). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyisebenzisa njalo kuyasiza ekwehliseni ushukela wegazi. Izinhlanzi zicebile ku:

• amavithamini A, C, E, PP, B2, B6, B12,
• iodine, i-fluorine, ifosforasi,
• potassium, calcium, manganese,
• okunamafutha e-polyunsaturated.

Umkhiqizo unconywa kubantu abanezinkinga zepheshana lesisu, indlala yegilo, uhlelo lwenhliziyo. Ukulungiselela kahle i-tench futhi ususe iphunga lodaka, kwanele ukufaka i-fillet amahora angama-8 kuya kwe-12 emanzini anosawoti omncane. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlanza ngokucophelela umucu nesikali esincane ngaphandle kokulimaza isikhumba. Izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokupheka zibhekwa njengokupheka, ukubhaka kuhhavini, ukuthosa. Izitsha ezikhethiwe, ezifakwe izithako nezihlanganisiwe ziyathandwa. Inyama ye-Tench ihlanganiswe no-ukhilimu omuncu, iwayini, ujusi kalamula, ama-meatballs amnandi e-jellied, ama-meatball, ama-meatballs atholakala kuwo.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile

U-Lin ukuphela kwelungu lohlobo Tinca. Ukwelashile kakhulu futhi akasebenzi. I-Tench ikhula kancane kancane futhi kaningi inamathela phansi. Indawo yokuhlala yendawo engasogwini. I-Tench akuyona nje igama, iyisici, ngoba le nhlanzi yaqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yamandla okushintsha umbala lapho ivezwa emoyeni. Kunjengokungathi kuncibilika, isembozo esimboza umsundu siqala ukuba mnyama, bese kuvela amabala amnyama emzimbeni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, le mucus exfoliates, futhi kule ndawo kuvela amabala aphuzi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi emhlabeni kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezithathwe ngokuhlobisa - ishumi legolide.

I-Tench yinhlanzi enamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho etholakala emachibini, emachibini, ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi. Ingatholakala emifuleni, kepha kuyaqabukela. U-Lin ukhetha ukucasha e-algae futhi uthanda amachibi amakhulu, ngoba lapho akhululeke kakhudlwana. Lezi zindawo zikhangwa kakhulu yi-tench ngamathanga awo omhlanga, udaka nemihlanga. Uthanda izindawo ezinenkambo emnene. Ihlala kahle emanzini angenawo umoya-mpilo. UTench uyakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ezinye izinhlanzi zifa khona lapho.

Unomzimba wesikali obukhulu, omude futhi omude ohlala ngokuqinile esikhunjeni futhi ukhulule umphunga. I-tench inomlomo wokuphela futhi omncane kunalokho, emakhoneni lapho kukhona khona izintokazi ezimfushane. Amehlo mancane, ahlanganiswe yi-iris ebomvu. Onke amaphini ayindilinga, futhi kukhona induction encane in the caudal fa. Alinawo umbala othize, ngoba kuncike kwisilondolozi lapho izinhlanzi zihlala khona. Iningi labantu linomhlane omnyama opende ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti izinhlangothi zikhanya kwesinye isikhathi ziphuzi. Amaphiko wonke angwevu ngombala, kepha ama-base kanye namaphinifa we-ventral aphuzi. Ukwehlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane kulula impela, ngoba okokuqala kunamaphinifa wesibili aminyene.

Imvamisa, isisindo somuntu uqobo singama-600 g kuphela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isampula efike ku-50 cm, enesisindo esingama-2-3 kg, iyatholakala. Iminyaka yokuphila eyi-18.

Ukudla kwe-tench kuyahlukahlukahluka, kuqukethe izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu, imollusks, izitshalo zasemanzini kanye ne-detritus.

Ungayikhetha kanjani

Ukukhetha kwe-tench kufanele kusondele kuyena nomthwalo okhethekile, ngoba inhlala-kahle yakho incike kulokhu. Ithiphu yokuqala ukuthenga izinhlanzi ezintsha kuphela. Manje kungenzeka impela, ngoba le nhlanzi iyathengiswa futhi emanzini. Uma uthenga kusuka kwikhawunta, bese uhlola ngokucophelela ama-gill, ngoba ayisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusha. Bese usula, futhi ungathathi izwi lomthengisi lona. Inhlanzi entsha ayisho neze iphunga lezinhlanzi, iphunga lokutsha lisuka kulo. Amehlo e-tench kufanele acace futhi abe sobala. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi elibi. Cindezela ezinhlanzini, umgodi osele uwuphawu olucacile lokusha okunganele. Inyama yenhlanzi entsha ineminyene, ibuyiselwa ngokushesha futhi inamandla. Uma uthenge i-tench, kepha lapho ufika ekhaya bese uqala ukuyisika, uthola ukuthi amathambo asemva kwenyama, ayibuyisele emuva noma ayiphonsa emgqonyeni, nakanjani akufanele uyidle inhlanzi enjalo.

Ungayigcina kanjani

I-tench entsha ingagcinwa izinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuyikhipha, hlamba kahle bese uyesula yomile. Ngemuva kwayo, ungayisonga ngephepha elimhlophe, elalifakwe ngaphambili ngesisombululo esinamandla se-saline. Ngemuva kwalokho ungasisonga futhi ngethanga elihlanzekile.

Izinhlanzi eziphekiwe zingagcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi eside kunalokho, emazingeni okushisa angadluli ku-5 ° C.

Incazelo yezinhlanzi eziyishumi

Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobo ukungasebenzi nokuthanda ukushisa. Ikhula kancane, ingazetheleli futhi igcina ngezansi, ikhethe indawo esogwini. Ungahlangana ne-tench ikakhulu emachibini nasemachibini. Uhlala futhi emifuleni - kubantu abadala nakumabhayisekili. Lapho kuhlala khona i-tench, kuhlale kukhona izimila zasemanzini nokujula okukhulu.

Ukubonakaliswa kwesiko

EHungary, i-tench ibizwa nge- "fish gypsy", lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayithandwa lapho.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo zokuphilisa zazibandakanywa emgqeni. KwakuseNkathini Ephakathi futhi ngaleso sikhathi babekholelwa ukuthi uma le nhlanzi inqunywa phakathi futhi ifakwa enxebeni, khona-ke izinhlungu zizodlula, ukushisa kwehle. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-tench idambisa ngisho ne-jaundice. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi inomphumela omuhle hhayi kubantu kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izinhlanzi. Izihlobo ezigulayo bezidinga nje ukusikaza nge-tench futhi konke kuzodlula.

Ukubukeka

Umzimba umfishane, mude futhi awugqinsi. Isikali esincane sinamathela ngokuqinile kuyo, embozwe ngenhla ngesendlalelo esinyakazayo se-viscous ne-mucus obukhulu. Umbala womzimba uhluka kusuka kwesiliva eluhlaza okotshani kuya kwesimnyama ngombala omhlophe nge-bronze.Amachaphaza amachashaza nokuhlaziya amafushane, angamaphini we-caudal ngaphandle kwamanothi abekiwe. Amehlo abomvu - owolintshi. Kukhona izinja ezimfishane emakhoneni omlomo.

Igama lale nhlanzi libonisa isici salo esithandekayo, lonke iphuzu ukuthi liyakwazi “ukuncibilika,” okungukuthi, ngokushintsha umbala emoyeni.

Isisindo somuntu ojwayelekile singama-250 - 600 amagremu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingu-1 kuya ku-2 kg. Isampula esikhulu esisebenza ngempela sifinyelela kumakhilogremu amane; ubude, isiqhwaga esinjalo sizoba ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-60. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila sale hlobo siyiminyaka eyi-16.

Ihlala kuphi i-tench?

Ukhetha ukuhlala lapho kunesivalo esibuthakathaka, okungukuthi, emachibini nasezindongeni zemifula egcwele kakhulu izitshalo ezinwabuzelayo ezithambile. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala eduze nasogwini oluphezulu, lapho kukhula khona umhlanga nemihlanga. Lokhu kudliwa yinhlanzi. Cishe amaphesenti angama-60 okudla kwansuku zonke ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngeke wenqabe i-shellfish, izibungu kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane.

Izindlela zokupheka zeTench

Kwezokudla, i-tench incintisana nezinyama ezihamba phambili. Kepha kwehlukaniswa yukuthi i-fillet yale nhlanzi igayeka lula kakhulu futhi ishesha. Ngalesi sizathu, izitsha eziyishumi zifakwa emibusweni eminingi yokudla. Zinhle izingane nezingane asebekhulile.

Inyama iqukethe amavithamini amaningi kanye namaminerali. Lo mkhiqizo ucebile nge-boron, i-iron, i-lithium, ithusi, i-calcium, i-potassium, i-cobalt, i-manganese, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus kanye ne-bromine. Amafutha acebile ngamavithamini A, kanye nama-acids ama-polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwale nhlanzi ngohlobo oluthosiwe futhi oluhlinzekiwe kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlelwa kwenhliziyo.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kuphansi, kuphela ama-kilojoule angama-40 ngamagremu ayi-100.

Oven wabhaka i-tench

Udinga i-tench enkulu, i-dill, izinongo ze-fish kanye nebhotela. Sihlanza futhi sikhwishe isidumbu, hlambulula kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Faka amanzi izithako, engeza kancane.

Kunesidingo esincane sezinongo zokungezelela ukunambitheka, kepha uma i-tench ibanjwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, khona-ke kungcono ukungagcini izinongo - ngalesi sikhathi inyama inemvithi engemuva kancane.

Faka isidumbu ngamafutha bese ufaka inqwaba dill esiswini, ubhake emazingeni okushisa angama-250, usithulule ngezikhathi ezithile kuJusi obamba iso. Noma bhaka inhlanzi ngo-foil.

Izici eziwusizo nezokuphulukisa

ILin ingenye yemikhiqizo embalwa equkethe amaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme, aqukethe ama-amino acid abalulekile. Odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukudla i-tench kubantu abakhala ngokungasebenzi kahle kwesisu, noma izinkinga nge-yegilo yegilo. Ososayensi bakubonisile ukuthi uma usebenzisa uhlelo oluphekwe emlilweni noma enezinhlanzi ezibhakiwe, kuzoba nomthelela omuhle emzimbeni wonke. Iningi le-tench lithinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo, okungukuthi, livimbela ukuvela kwama-arrhythmias.

Imiqobelo yethenda

Ama-cutlets enziwa asuka e-crucian carp. Baphenduka okumnandi futhi okumnandi.

Ukuze ulungiselele isidlo, udinga amagremu ama-500 wefilitha yezinhlanzi asontekile nge-grinder yenyama, amaqanda ama-2, u-anyanisi ojwayelekile, isipuni semayonesi kanye nezipuni ezimbili zikafulawa onama-slide.

Okokuqala, ufulawa ungezwa enyameni enamakhasi, kufanele udonse uketshezi oluningi kusuka kusisindo senhlanzi. Skrolela ku-anyanisi yesigaxa senyama. Yengeza inyama enezinhlamvu, kukhona imayonnaise bese ushayela amaqanda ambalwa. Zonke pepper, usawoti u hlanganise kahle. Masime imizuzu eyi-15, uma kukhona ujusi omningi, bese ufaka ufulawa omncane.

Sithosa epanini elifudumele njengama pancake aminyene. Ama-cutlets anjalo athelwa ngerayisi ebilisiwe.

Ekuphekeni

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi i-tench ayikulungele ukudla ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Ikhwalithi yokunambitheka ephezulu kakhulu inezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Le nhlobo ithanda ukuhlala emanzini marshy noma i-musty, ngakho-ke inyama iphunga ubumba nosilika. Kepha lokhu kungalungiswa kalula ngokugijimisa umugqa ophilayo kubhavu wamanzi, noma ukuwagcina emanzini amaningi amahora ayi-12.

I-Lin ilungele izitsha ezahlukahlukene. Kungaphekwa, kuthosiwe, kubhakwe, kugcotshwe, kufakwe emafutheni, kufakwe ngomshini, kuphekwe ukhilimu omuncu noma iwayini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yenza inyama enhle kakhulu enobisi.

I-tench elungiselelwe kahle ifaniswa nokunambitheka nenyama yenkukhu, kanti nesikhumba sayo sifana nesikhumba sezinyoni esijabulisayo.

Ithambile ishumi

Ifakwe emqhudelwaneni nanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi. Isikhumba esigoqiwe sibhekwa njengezibiliboco.

Imibuzo mayelana nefry ayivelakancane. Konke okudingekayo kwizithako yinhlanzi uqobo, usawoti, ulamula nofulawa.

Ilin kufanele ihlanzwe kancane, igutwe futhi igezwe. Amagilethi asuswa ngokungadingekile. Uma isidumbu sikhulu, sinqunywa sibe yizicucu ezihlukanisiwe.

Sawoti inhlanzi bese ufafaza ujusi kalamula. Ake ume imizuzu engu-20, ukuze usawoti. Bese isinkwa kufulawa kanye gazinga emafutheni emifino afudumele kuze kube nsundu yegolide.

Sisakaza isitsha kwibhodwe noma ithawula ukukhipha amafutha ngokweqile. Siyibeka epuletini futhi yilokho - ubukhazikhazi bethu obukhulu busilungile.

Indlebe yeshumi

Ukulungiselela kulula. Kwi-saucepan ye-2 litre uzodinga inhlanzi eyodwa ephakathi, noma amakhanda amakhulu ama-3-4 asuswe ama-gill, amazambane ama-4, u-anyanisi owodwa, i-pepper bell, iqabunga le-bay, iparsley, i-dill, i-pepper nosawoti.

Beka inhlanzi ehlutshiwe noma amakhanda ukubilisa phezu kokushisa okuphakathi, amanzi epanini kufanele abande, uma kungenjalo umhluzi uzoba namafu. Ngenkathi inhlanzi isabilisiwe, amazambane abolile, u-anyanisi kanye nopelepele wensimbi. Sika amazambane abe ngama-cubes amakhulu, nemifino esele esele ibe amasongo. Kungcono ukuthatha upelepele oluhlaza, ngoba obomvu nphuzi kunika izindlebe ubumnandi obuncane.

Lapho amanzi ebilisa, engeza iqabunga le-bay kanye nezinongo, akuyeke ukubilise imizuzu engaba ngu-15, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ishumi libilisiwe. Cindezela umhluzi nge-cheesecloth noma ngesihlungo.

Inhlanzi yeBony - uyisike ibe yizicucu, uyihlole ngokucophelela. Hlukanisa i-fillet yenyama emathanjeni bese uyibuyisela kumhluzi, ulethe kubilitha, engeza amazambane kuqala, kuthi lapho sesilungile, faka u-anyanisi no-pepper epanini. Ekupheleni kokupheka, engeza imifino ebunjiwe endlebeni yakho bese uhlola izinongo, uma kunesidingo, usawoti kanye nopelepele. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, faka i-spoonful of ukhilimu omuncu endlebeni yakho.

Itholakalaphi i-tench eRussia?

I-Tench yizinhlanzi ezijwayelekile. Indawo ehlala kuyo iyingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia. Engxenyeni yase-Asia, ngaphesheya kwe-Urals, i-tench ayivamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kweYenisei kudlula umkhawulo wendawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi eziqhubekayo. Njengoba lo omele ama-cyprinid ancike ezicini zemvelo, akwenzeki empumalanga yeSiberia neBaikal.

Uma kunamanzi amile, amabhange agcwele indawo kanye nodaka oludaka echibini, kungenzeka ukuthi kube neshumi. Ikhetha ukushisa kwamanzi okufudumele okulinganiselwe, kugwema iziphethu ezibandayo nezibandayo. Ngakho-ke, amachibi afudumele angafinyezi kahle, amachibi, amanzi asemuva, kanye neziteshi zomfula ezinezifundo ezithulekile yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-tench.

I-Tench imvamisa ihlala emabhange aphezulu, agqunywe ngomhlanga nangama-algae, acashe phakathi kwezingodo nodaka. Ibekezelela okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo omncane emanzini. Akaze afuduke, akhethe indlela eseceleni, enesilinganiso sokuphila ezindaweni ajwayelekile. Lapho kuqala ubusika, bugobhoza ku-silt bese luwela opopayi abasamisiwe kuze kufike ukushisa kwentwasahlobo.

Incazelo ejwayelekile nezimpawu

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-tench ingeyomndeni we-cyprinid, ayibukeki njenge-carp nakancane. Esikhundleni salokho, ingahlanganiswa nesilonda, esinomzimba ofanayo, kepha olula, ongenayo i-mucus, esikalini.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-tench? Inhlanzi inombala wegolide omnqumo wegolide wezinhlangothi, uphendukela emuva ngotshani obumnyama obumnyama noma obumnyama. Isisu sinombala ophuzi ophuzi, futhi amaphini aba mnyama njalo. Umzimba wale nhlanzi umbozwe ungqimba obukhulu be-mucus, oqina ngokushesha futhi uphume emoyeni.

Uma inhlanzi ihlala endaweni egcina amanzi enesihlabathi esingezansi, umbala wayo uba nsundu. Uhlala echibini elikhulu noma emfuleni onodaka noma osezingeni eliphansi, u-tench uthola umbala omnyama noma omnyama.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-cyprinid, inhloko ye-tench incane ngosayizi; ama-gill slits anama-stamens angama-20. Amehlo abomvu, mancane ngosayizi. Umlomo mncane, ukhuphuke kancane. Izindebe zinenyama. Inamazinyo elilodwa, amazinyo emaphethelweni agobile ngaphakathi. Emhlathini kunezinyamazane ezincane ezibucayi kakhulu, ezinxenxa ukungaboni kahle ezinhlanzini.

Isilinganiso selayini sincane, siqine kakhulu emzimbeni. Umsila ubanzi nge-truncation encane. I-Fin fin back, kanye ne-caudal emfushane, inesimo esiyindilinga, ngaphandle kwe-notch. Amaphiko we-ventral we-tench ajwayele ukukhula kuyo yonke impilo. Uma umuntu esegugile, isikhathi eside angafinyelela ekuhlolweni. (Isithombe).

Ngabe imigqa idla ini?

I-Tench ngenye yalezo zinhlanzi ezikhetha ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo kusihlwa. Ngokuqala kokusa, i-tench iqala ukumba phansi ngentshiseko ifuna ukudla. Konke kudliwe: izimbungulu ezintantayo, izimbungulu, izibungu zomiyane, izinambuzane ezindizayo ngenhla kwamanzi. Ungakhanyi utshani be-tench nodaka. Izidalwa eziphilayo ze-invertebrate izilwane - i-detritus - nazo ziya ekudleni.

Lapho ubusuku bufika futhi amanzi echibini ahamba kancane, umsebenzi wezinhlanzi wehla kakhulu. Lapho-ke i-tench iwela esimweni sokuphumula, ixazululwe ezindaweni ezifihliwe phansi enodaka noma phakathi kwezihlahla.

I-Tench ngenye yezinhlanzi ezinokuthula kakhulu. Kepha uma idamu lapho lihlala khona lingacebile ngohlobo lwezakhi, i-tench ingakhombisa ukuthambekela kokudla ngokudla izingane zabanye abamele umndeni we-cyprinid.

Inqubo yokuzala

Amandla wokuqhakaza ngo-tench kwenzeka iminyaka emi-3-4. Enye yezimo zokuqala kokusakazwa kwamanzi, efudumele ku-17-190C. Njengomthetho, ukuqhuma kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi bese kuthatha amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Ngalesi sikhathi, imigqa iphula indlela yabo yokuphila evamile ebekelwe eceleni, iphambuka ibe ngamaqembu.

Ngokuqhekeka, izinsikazi zithanda indawo yokunwebeka ngamanzi ahlanzekile angenamandla. Ukujula, noma kunjalo, akudluli kumamitha ayi-1. Le nqubo ihlala izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuya ngeminyaka yezinhlanzi, inani lamaqanda lingahluka kusuka kuma-50 kuya kwangama-600. Izibungu zinamathele ezimpandeni neziqu zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

ICaviar tench incane kakhulu futhi ine-tint eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Uma amanzi esefudumale ngaphezu kwe-200C, isikhathi sokufakwayo sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-4. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvela izibungu bese kuqala isikhathi eside sokukhula. Ngemuva kokubukeka, gazinga ingena emihlambini emincane. Indawo yokudla yezinsizwa ezikhulayo yi-plankton kanye ne-algae.

I-Tench yinhlanzi ekhula kancane kancane. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-fry iyakwazi ukukhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-5. Ukuze ifinyelele umugqa wama-20 cm ubude, iminyaka emi-5 kumele idlule.

Usayizi womugqa

E-Russia, usayizi ojwayelekile weshumi ekubambeni kubanjiswa ikakhulukazi usukela ku-150 kuya kuma-700 amagremu.

Ubukhulu bomugqa ophakathi neRussia maphakathi nekhilogremu

Ikhilogremu yenhlanzi isivele ibhekwe njengomdwebo omuhle, yize abanenhlanhla bedoba amakhilogremu ama-3-4. Izinsimbi ezabanjwa eNgilandi zithathwa njengezingaqoshwa, irekhodi lesisindo esikhulu samakhilogremu ayisisindo esingu-890 lifike eDaren Wardom ehlobo lika-2001. Kunemibiko yemigqa yamakhilogremu ayishumi, kepha le mininingwane ayibhalwanga.

Izinhlobo ze-tench

• UMfula. Ngokungafani echibini, inobuso obukhazimulayo. Umlomo uphakeme ngokwengeziwe. Umbala umnyama. Imvamisa ivikela izindawo ezinamavili asindayo, zicashe ezindaweni zokuthula,
• Isifunda iLake. Omkhulu kunabo bonke ezizweni zakhe. Inombala okhanyayo we-golden hue body nesisu sesiliva,
• Isiziba. Le tench incane kunechibi. Uzizwa emkhulu emachibini adalwe ngokungemthetho namachibi amancane emvelo,
• UGolide Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezavela njengomphumela womsebenzi wabazalisi. Inombala wegolide. Kukhona amabala abonakala ngokucacile ezinhlangothini. Amehlo amnyama ngombala.

Izici ezihehayo

I-mucus emboza umzimba we-tench inezinto zokuphulukisa, ngokuba yi-antibiotic yemvelo yemvelo. Ngokusho kokubona kwabangeneleli kanye nezifundo ezinolwazi lwe-ichthyologists, izinhlanzi ezinesifo ziyeza kuye "zizophathwa". Le nqubo iqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi "izinhlanzi ezigulayo" zihudula eduze "nodokotela", ziba ngcolile ku-mucus wokupholisa. Ngale ndlela, izinhlanzi ziyasindiswa, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa zamanzi. I-mucus ngokwayo isindisa i-tench ngisho nangesikhathi sobusika, lapho isindisa ekuqandeni. Kuyamangaza futhi ukuthi i-tench ivumela ipiki egulayo uqobo ukuthi ilulaphe, futhi ayihlaseli. Kepha i-pike enempilo ayisaguquki ekudleni okuthi “udokotela”, yize ithanda kakhulu abantu abahamba ngezinyawo. Izimbangi, ngokujwayelekile, azibheki njenge-tench njengokudla okumnandi, ngokusobala, konke ngesizathu esifanayo - inkungu enkulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlanzi njengezinhlanzi zenyathi.

I-Slime tench iyi-antibiotic yemvelo!

By the way, igama elithi Lin ngokwalo lafika futhi ngenxa yokuhamba kwalo okungajwayelekile! Iqiniso ngukuthi ukusukela ekujuleni kwamanzi kuya emoyeni, umunyu emzimbeni wawo uqala ukoma futhi ube mnyama (ushintshe umbala). Ngemuva kwalokho ikhishwe ngokuphelele yizicucu, endaweni lapho umbala wesikali ulula khona. Singasho ukuthi inhlanzi iyancibilika. Ngakho igama. Kuliqiniso, ngokunikela ngemvelo yakhe yokuzilibazisa nokuzimisela, kanye nokungakuthandi kwakhe ukugeleza, wayengathola igama elithi ubuvila, obekungaba iqiniso futhi. Kukhona nombono wokuthi igama livela lapha, kepha noma kunjalo, iningi lama-ichthyologists linamathela enguqulweni yokushintshwa kwama-molting and color.

Ezinye zezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngokungemthetho yile iGolden tench, enombala ogqamile futhi ithole ukwabiwa okukhethekile ngokubonakala kwayo okugcwele ekuqoqweni kwamachibi okuhlobisa asendlini.

Futhi, abafuyi bezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Kvolsdorf tench, lapho amadamu akhokhelwayo agcinwa ngokukhethekile, abelwe. Abantu be-Kvolsdorf bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu kunabalingani babo basendle futhi phambilini baba yizicupho zokuhaha kwabangeneleli.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umfula uzibukeka kahle lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla, kwezinye iziqiwu kwesinye isikhathi luphumelela kakhulu ukudoba ishumi ebusika .

Uma i-tench isengatholakala emgodini weBaikal naku- "Red Book of Buryatia", khona-ke empumalanga akwenzeki. Imifula namachibi engxenye yaseYurophu yezwekazi yindawo yawo yokuhlala enkulu.

Bona izithombe zomugqa esigabeni esihambelanayo.

Futhi manje ukunaka kwakho ividiyo ehehayo.

Ukubamba i-tench ku-feeder nezinye izindlela zokubamba le nhlanzi yasebukhosini zichazwa ngemininingwane eminingi ezigabeni ezifanele zendawo. Indawo yethu ikhula njalo. Bhalisela kithi eVkontakte, yabelana ngamava kanye nemibono yokushintshana.

Izitha eziyishumi

Indlela yokuphila yale nhlanzi eyedwa ayisho ukuthi kukhona noma yiziphi izinsongo ezibalulekile ezivela kwezinye izakhamuzi zedamu. Izidlakudla ezifana namaphayiphu nezimfudu ngesizathu esithile aziphangi nge-tench. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umiyane inhlanzi eboshelwe ngayo ubadelela.

IBurbot, okuthi, njenge-tench, iyinhlanzi ephansi futhi ithanda ukudla ngesikhathi sokuhlwa, ukuphela kwengozi ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-tench. Ukuncintisana kokudla, kanye nokuthi i-burbot ayinandaba nokudla amahlumela amancane ama-molts, yenza i-tench igweme indawo yayo.

Abazingeli, abangabhubhisa ngokuphelele inani lale nhlanzi echibini, baba yingozi enkulu kwe-tench.

Ngokungafani ne-tench yabantu abadala, i-rie yayo ivame ukuba yisisulu sabanye abahlali basemanzini, njengoba indawo evulekile engavikelwe ngabazali. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibalo samaqanda abekile singaba sikhulu impela, ingxenye engenalutho iyasinda ifike esimeni senhlanzi endala.

Isifo

Ngenxa yokwakheka okungafani kwamakhemikhali we-mucus, ukumboza wonke umzimba wonke, i-tench imelana nezifo eziningi ezithinta umndeni we-carp. Izifo ezinjenge-dactylogyrosis, i-rubella namanye ama-parasites azimesabi. Kodwa-ke, i-tench ingatheleleka nge-opisthorchus.

Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukutheleleka kwezinhlanzi "ngamehlo", ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokudla, kufanele uguqukele kwenye yezindlela ezilandelayo:

• qhwa kakhulu
• usawoti,
• ukwelashwa okushisa.

Izinzuzo zenyama

Inyama ye-Newwater tench ithathwa njengeyokudla, ngokwe-100g. ngu-45 kcal kuphela. Izazi zezokondla zeluleka njalo ukuthi zidle le nhlanzi kubantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi kanye nalabo abanezifo zesifo senhliziyo.

Inyama yeTench iqukethe izinto ezibalulekile ezimbalwa zokulandela umkhondo: potassium, magnesium, sodium, ithusi, zinc, fluorine, chromium, manganese. Izinhlanzi ziqukethe amavithamini A, E, C. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni kukuvumela ukuthi ufake inyama elishumi ekudleni kwezingane nabasubathi. I-Iodine, ecebe inyama yenhlanzi, ithinta kahle ukusebenza kwe-yegilo yegilo.

E-Russia, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-tench ingalapha i-jaundice, futhi abelaphi belapha amanxeba ngokufaka kubo isidumbu senhlanzi esinqunyelwe.

Imikhuba

UTench uhamba eyofuna okuphakelayo engxenyeni ye-sludge, emba ngayo. Imvamisa, ekudleni, inhlanzi ingena shí emanzini. Abadobi bathi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana neshumi ebusweni. Abanye baphawula ukuthi ebumnyameni, ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezinambuzane eziningi, inhlanzi iphuma ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi.

Umsebenzi wansuku zonke

I-Tench yinhlanzi engondla usuku lonke, kepha umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ubonwa ekuseni nakusihlwa - imvamisa phakathi nalesi sikhathi ifudukela ogwini. Isikhathi esisele izinhlanzi sichitha ezindaweni ezijulile, kepha ziyaqhubeka nokudla lapho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngezinsuku ezinamafu, izinhlanzi eziyishumi ziyakwazi ukudla amahora amaningi imini.

Umsebenzi wesikhathi sonyaka

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-tench ihlala emachibini amancanyana nemifula egcwele imifino, lapho kukhona khona udaka oluningi phansi. Ihlala ezindaweni ezifudunyezwa yilanga ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1-2. Uhlala endaweni eyodwa.

Ekwindla, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, imigqa yakha amasheya, iyeke ukudla, iqhwa emigodini yesilika yemifula kanye nemifula. Ebusika, umsebenzi wezinhlanzi awubonwa - bayazichitha ubusika.

Babamba umugqa kuphela ngesikhathi esifudumele sosuku, ngoba kwenye inkathi ngeke kube khona ukuluma. Wazibandakanya nokudoba kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekuhlwayeni, bese emva kwamasonto angama-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-zhor emangalisayo ibonwa ezinhlanzini. Entwasahlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala, imigqa isondela ogwini ezindaweni ezincane ezinemifino nohlaza, lapho zifuna khona ukudla.

Ukufuduka

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-tench ihola indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukwenza ukufuduka kokuphilayo nsuku zonke ngaphakathi kwichibi, zisuka ezindaweni ezijulile ziye ogwini, zidlule imifino emgudwini ofanayo. Futhi, izinhlanzi zingenza ukunyakaza okuncane ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Ehlobo

Ihlobo isikhathi esikhulu sokuzingela kweshumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlanzi isebenza ngokwengeziwe. Ngokubheka uhlobo lokudla kwenhlanzi, lubanjwa ezinhlotsheni eziningana zamagiya - izikejana zokudoba ezintanjeni nezaphansi. Indlela yokuqala mihle ngoba ikhombisa imiphumela emihle yokubamba. Endabeni yenduku yokudoba engezansi, kungcono ukunikela ngokuthandwa ezinhlobonhlobo zondlayo.

Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yamanzi evulekile, i-tench idla ukudla kwezilwane, ngenxa yokuthi i-caddis, umhlonyane wegazi, umhlonyane, izimpethu zisetshenziswa njengezithiyo. U-Lin uthanda i-leeches ehlala echibini. Kamuva, lapho kuvela amahlumela ezitshalo zamachibi (umhlanga, ikhathalogi, ichibi, amaphilisi weqanda), imenyu yezinhlanzi iyahlukahluka. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukubamba izishumi ngezingcezu zamahlumela namaqabunga obuthakathaka balezi amakhambi.

Ukudoba okuhle kwenyathi yezitshalo kuqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Abadobi basebenzisa ibhali, uphizi nenhlama. Inhlanzi ayinandaba noshizi we-cottage shizi. Abanye ama-angler baphawula ukuthi lapho kungezwa ushizi we-cottagee kwezinye izinto, i-nibble iba ngcono kakhulu.

Ukuheha i-tench endaweni yokudoba, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa izingxube zebait ezijwayelekile. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi inhlanzi iyakwazi "ukuhamba emikhondweni", ihlaselwa ngeheythi izinsuku eziningana. Uma kwaziwa ngqo ukuthi i-tench ihlala kuphi, asikho isidingo sokuyondla.

Ebusika

Yize i-tench ingasebenzi ebusika, kwezinye iziqiwu ezine-oksijini enhle namathanga ahlala isikhathi eside, izinhlanzi zingaphuma ekushiseni bese ziqala ukondla. Lokhu akuvamile futhi umdobi uvame ukuphuthelwa yizikhathi ezinjalo. Uma i-tench igobe igobe ebusika - lokhu kubhekwa njengenhlanhla nje.

Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-amateurs ahamba ngenhloso "kulayini" ebusika, kepha ukubamba okuphezulu kungaba ngesizotha.

Ukuluma nokulwa

Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho i-tench isebenza ngokweqile, ibamba isihehi ngokuzethemba, kepha imvamisa iyacophelela futhi ayihlali iluma. Ngandlela thile, ukulunywa kwale nhlanzi kuyefana ne-crucian carp. Kepha ukuthambekela “kokujabulela inqubo” kuyinto ejwayelekile okwemizuzwana embalwa: kuqhuma kancane ngamathiphu wezindebe, kuyiphonse phansi. Lokhu kuholela ekushintshashintsheni kwesikhathi eside kwelente, lapho umdobi angakubona njengokulunywa yinhlanzi okuncane. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, akunangqondo ukugoba. Uma i-float ngokuzumayo ijula ​​futhi ibhukuda iqonde ngasohlangothini, noma ilele uhlangothi olulodwa - bayayixhawula masinyane.

Abadobi abaningi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu baqaphele ukuthi izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu, zizomelana ngamandla ngemuva kokusika. Uzozama nokudidiyela umugqa ku-algae, uzama ukumba usilika. Ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nesisindo se-tench; umdobi udinga ukubaluleka ngalowo mzuzu. Umkhuba we-tench uwukudonswa “kwamanga” kwentambo yokudoba, okuthi emva kwalokho ayidonse. Kulokhu, kuvame ukuqhekeka. Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa umugqa oqinile wokudoba.

Ukubuthwa ngesikhathi sokudoba i-tench akuvamile, ngoba imvamisa ingwegwe inquma ngomlomo wezinhlanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi ishumi selikhathele, inhlanzi ilethwa ogwini ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi, ngaphandle kokunikeza splash, ukuze ingethusi abanye abantu abangacasha eduze. Kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni ususe inhlanzi emanzini ngosizo lwetha - ngakho-ke ngeke ishelele ngenxa yobubanzi obuningi bomsipha.

Sebenzisa njengesiheho

Kukholelwa ukuthi inhlanzi encane eyishumi, yize ikhuthazela, iyisithiya esibi, ngoba ayifanekisi ukukhanga inyamazane. Kepha abanye abantu abasuke bengavumelani nale nkulumo. Bayakholelwa ukuthi kunezindawo zokugcina lapho kutholakala khona inqwaba yeshumi, nalapho umhlaseli esejwayela ukudla izinhlanzi.

I-Lin iyathengiswa: ukulungiselela ibhizinisi

I-tench ikhule njengenhlanzi esizayo yezentengiso, yize ngesikhathi sangaphambi kwezimboni eRussia yafuywa kanye ne-crucian carp kanye ne-carp. Ngokuvamile, ukuzalanisa i-tench echibini akuhlukile ku-carp ekhulayo.

Okunzima kakhulu isigaba sokuqala, esihlanganisa ukudlulisa izithiyo zokuphatha. Ichibi lelo liqashiswa lisuka kuhulumeni noma likhishwe lodwa. Ezimweni zombili, uzodinga ukuthola izimvume ezidingekayo.

Lapho ukhetha ichibi noma insimu engaphansi kokumbiwa kwayo, kucatshangelwa izici eziningi, kufaka phakathi ichibi elithile elifanelekile ngokuzalanisa i-tench. Izinhlanzi ezinjengamachibi afudumele anodaka anezimila eziningi. I-Linu ngeke ilunge amachibi amancanyana kakhulu.

Ngebhizinisi elinenzuzo ezuzisayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthathe izinto ezinendawo enesibuko samanzi okungenani amahektha angama-20. Kuyamukeleka nokuningi ngokuya ngamakhono wezezimali. Hhayi inhlanzi eziningi kuphela ezitshalwa echibini elikhulu, kodwa futhi bathola imali ngokunikeza ngezinsizakalo zokudoba ezikhokhelwayo. Lapho i-reservoir iseduze nedolobhana, imali etholwa ngabadobi ingahle ibe ngaphezulu kunalapho kuthengiswa izinhlanzi.

Futhi, lapho ukhetha ichibi, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngohlelo lwe-spillway, ngoba isango elinjalo alikuvumeli kuphela ukulawula izinga lamanzi, kodwa futhi libhekwa njengendlela elula yokubamba izinhlanzi ezinosawoti. Uma ingekho indlela yokwakha i-hoses ye-drain, kufanele ushiye leli chibi bese ukhetha enye inketho.

I-Tench yinhlanzi edinga phansi enodaka nobuningi bezimanzi echibini, ukujula kwayo kufanele kube okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5 wokuphepha kwezinhlanzi ebusika okuphephile. Ngokufuya okuningana, izinhlanzi zidla ama-invertebrates amancane atholakala kusilika, izinsalela zemifino nezinsalela. Lokhu kuhle ngoba akudingeki ukuthi umlimi asebenzise imali kulondolozi lwedamu. Kepha le ndlela ilungele kuphela izindawo ezinkulu zokugcina, kuyilapho inani lezinhlanzi ezinosawoti lincane.

Ukwandisa inani lemikhiqizo kusuka endaweni yokugcina yendawo efanayo, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa indlela ebukhali yokukhula, lapho isisekelo somugqa womugqa kungukudla okwenziwe ngokungeyikho. Le ndlela ilungele ukhula olukhula njengamafry, owethulwa echibini entwasahlobo, bese ubanjwa ekwindla uthengisiwe. Ukusuka ehektheleni elilodwa echibini, kutholakala amathani ambalwa wezinhlanzi, kepha izindleko zokufuya kakhulu ziphezulu kakhulu.

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzalanisa i-tench ifaka phakathi ukondla izinhlanzi ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe, imifino emifino emisiwe ehlanganiswe nephalishi, imbewu yokhula nemfucuza yokusanhlamvu

Ukuzalela nokukhula kweshumi kuyathengiswa

Umugqa uqala ukuzalanisa ngo-gazinga, otholakala ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuzalela izinhlanzi. Ukuthengwa kwezilwane ezisencane ezinesisindo esingama-30-40 amagremu ngeminyaka emibili yempilo kufinyelela isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Ngonyaka wesithathu, inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-400, esithathwa njengesibonakaliso esihle kakhulu kwezinhlanzi ezingathengiswa. Isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esingamathani ayi-1,2 ihektha ngalinye. Lapho ukhule ku-polyculture ene-carp, umkhiqizo ophelele ungafinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5.

Emachibini amancane, akunankinga nokubamba izinhlanzi ezinosawoti, ngoba i-tench ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezivilaphayo ezingasuki ezindaweni zayo zokuphaka - kulula ukuyibamba ngezidwedwe. Kunzima kakhulu ngamachibi amakhulu namachibi, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa idonsa kuwo, ngeke kwenzeke ukumboza yonke insimu yamanzi. Okuwukuphela kwenketho ephumelelayo kuleli cala ukushintshashintsha. Inqubo yenziwa ebusuku ngenqanaba lomsindo elincane ukuze i-tench ingazingcwabi ku-sludge.

Ukungathobeki kwe-tench kanye nekhono lokuyithutha ngaphandle kwezinkinga kubhekwa njengesici sezinhlanzi - ngomswakama owenele, inhlanzi ingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi cishe amahora angama-48.

Ukwenza inzuzo ngokuzalanisa umugqa

Kunzima ukubala inzuzo ephakathi yomnotho, ngoba kuyadingeka ukubheka izinto ezithile ezingakhiqiza imiphumela ehlukile yezimali ngokuya ngezimo lapho usomabhizinisi asebenza khona. Futhi namhlanje eRussia abekho labo abazala ama-tench kuphela. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, idedelwa echibini elinama-carp. Ngalezi zizathu, uhlelo olusha lwezindleko lokwakha ipulazi lezinhlanzi luzodingidwa:

• Ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswa ama-ruble angaba yizigidi ezingama-5000 ekwakhiweni nasekulungisweni kwesichibi samahektha ayi-100. Lesi samba sifaka phakathi ukudalwa kokukhululeka kwendawo yokugcina amadala nokwakhiwa kwezikhiye. Lapho uthola ichibi elivela kuhulumeni, izindleko zingancipha kakhulu.
• Kufanele usebenzise imali ekuthengeni uFry tench. Ukugcwalisa indawo yokugcina amanzi ngamahektha ayi-100, kuzodingeka ama-ruble angaba yizigidi ezingama-2-3. Lapho ubamba izinhlanzi njalo ngokuwa, kuyodingeka uchithe ku-fry ngonyaka. Uma usomabhizinisi ezovumela ukuzalaniswa kuphela, futhi kunciphise inani lokubamba, isimo singaba khona lapho ukusakazeka kwezinhlanzi echibini kuzohlanganisa ukulahleka kwesibalo sabantu ekubambeni. Okusho ukuthi, akusadingeki usebenzise imali ukugcwalisa indawo yokugcina ngefry.
• Ngendlela ebanzi yokukhula ishumi, usomabhizinisi uzodinga ukubeka inani lokudla. Ngalezi zinhloso, imfucuza yezolimo isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi. Amandla okuxoxisana nabalimi kuzosiza ukwehlisa izindleko - bazimisele ukuthengisa ngobuningi ngamanani ashibhile.
• Izindleko zifaka iholo lomqaphi, ozoqapha i-oda echibini, amvikele kubazingeli.
• Kuzoba nemfucuza lapho futhi lapho ukhokhela izinsizakalo zokudoba futhi uzihambisa endaweni oyithengisayo.

Ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko ngekhilogremu eyodwa yezinhlanzi ezikhulwe ngendlela eqinile imayelana nama-ruble angama-70 ngekhilo ngalinye. Nendlela ebanzi - okuncane kakhulu. I-Wholesale yezinhlanzi eziqandisiwe zingama-ruble ayi-100 ngekhilogremu eyodwa, i-tench bukhoma - ama-ruble ayi-120-140. Ngokuthengisa, imali engenayo izoba kaningana. Ngakho-ke kusuka inzuzo eyodwa yekhilogremu kuzoba ama-ruble angama-30- 40, kuye ngezindleko, amanani entengo yamanje, indlela yokuqalisa.

Ngokwesilinganiso, amathani ayi-1,2 ezinhlanzi ezinosawoti atholakala ngehektha ngalinye ngendlela eqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, idamu elilodwa elinendawo engamahektare ayi-100 likwazi ukucebisa usomabhizinisi ngenzuzo ephelele ngokubamba, ifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezi-3,6. Inzuzo iyanda ngemithombo eyengeziwe yemali engenayo: inhlangano yokudoba ekhokhelwayo. Isibonelo, emadolobheni aseMoscow umdobi ukhokha ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziningana ngosuku. Uma abantu abayi-10 bedoba nsuku zonke echibini, imali eyengeziwe izoba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 - 20 ngosuku.

Izici zomzimba

Inyama yomugqa, eyabanjwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ibhekwa njengemnandi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, izidumbu azisetshenziswa ekudleni. Ukunambitheka nephunga lale nhlanzi kuvame ukwenza abantu abaningi benqabe ukudla i-tench. Le yinhlanzi enamanzi acwebile ethanda ama-marshy bottoms, yingakho inyama yawo ingaduda. Kodwa ukuxazulula le nkinga kulula: faka izinhlanzi bukhoma emanzini ahlanzekile amahora angu-12-16. Uma le ndlela ingasizi, sebenzisa izinongo nejusi kalamula.

Ngaphambi kokupheka izinhlanzi, isidumbu siyahlanzwa. Kulesi sigaba, kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe wonke ama-husks ukuze ungalimazi isikhumba senhlanzi, okuthi ngemuva kokuthambisa noma ukubhaka kube yinto emnandi yegolide.

I-Tench yinhlanzi enemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ngoba ingapheka, kukhahlamezwe, kubhakwe, kuthosiwe, kusetshenziselwe ukupheka isobho senhlanzi ne-aspic. Ukugcwaliswa okuhlukahlukene kulungiselelwe kusuka ku-fillet yezinhlanzi. Isidumbu se-tench siphenduka simnandi kakhulu uma siphekiwe ku-ukhilimu omuncu newayini, sigxishwe futhi sibhakwa ngamakhambi. Ama-gourmet amaningi anjenge-tench othosiwe futhi abhakwe, ngoba le fillet ithambile futhi inoshukela.

Uma ubhaka i-tench, pre-marine inhlanzi ujusi kalamula kanye nezinongo, bese ubhaka ngesixha se-dill, esibekwe esiswini sesidumbu.

Mayelana nezakhiwo ze-mucus tench

I-mucus emboza umzimba we-tench inezinto zokuphulukisa ngenxa yokuthi iyi-antibiotic yemvelo yemvelo. Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngabe-ichthyologists, abasungula ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinesifo ziyezeliselwa abantu abaphilile: bagcobhoza eceleni kwenhlanzi enamafutha. Le nqubo iphinde isize ukuvikela ezifweni zamanzi.

Inhlanzi ngokwayo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-mucus, iyalondolozwa ngisho nasebusika, lapho ifihla ekuqandeni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngisho ne-pike tench egulayo iyavuma ngokwayo "ukwelashwa" futhi ayihlaseli yona. Kepha i-pike enempilo ayinandaba nokudla inhlanzi enempilo. Izinyamazane azibheki njengokudla okuyishumi njengokudla, mhlawumbe ngenxa yomsipha omkhulu inhlanzi embozwe ngayo.

Inhlanzi yathola igama layo ngokunembile ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-mucus engavamile. Lapho inhlanzi ingena emoyeni ivela emanzini, umphunga emzimbeni wayo uyoma futhi ube mnyama, uguqule umbala. Ngemuva kwalokho, inyamalala ngokuphelele ibe yizicucu, endaweni yayo lapho kukhona izikali zokukhanya. Ngamazwi alula - imihlambi yezinhlanzi. Ukusuka kulokhu, igama lenhlanzi lishumi.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ezinye izici zomugqa ziyamangaza. Inhlanzi inesikhumba esqinile futhi esisindayo. Kepha lokhu akuyona ukuphela kwento ethinte ikakhulukazi abacwaningi. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uyakwazi ukukhiqiza into eyingqayizivele yamaprotheni ezinye izinhlanzi ezingenazo - inezindawo ezinamandla ezibulala izinzwa. Abacwaningi baqinisekisile ukuthi le nto isebenza kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namagciwane amaningi wamagciwane namagciwane esikhumba.

Ukuba khona kwale nto kuvikela umugqa ezifweni eziningi ezithinta ezinye izakhamizi zezidumbu zamanzi. Lokhu kwakujabulisa kakhulu ososayensi baseJapan kangangokuba babefuna ukudala i-ejenti enamandla ye-antibacterial evela ku-mucus ye-tench. Kepha iminyaka eminingana yocwaningo ikhombisile - lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyabiza.

Ososayensi bamangala lapho bebona ukuhlolwa kwegazi lezinhlanzi. Kwavela ukuthi iqukethe i-ichthyotoxins - izinto ezinempahla enobuthi.Izithako ezifanayo ngaphambili zazitholakala izidumbu zama-eels river, i-pelamide ye-carp, i-tuna, namanye amanzi ahlanzekile nawasolwandle. Okuyingozi kakhulu i-sea eel. Kwenziwe ucwaningo lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona amagundane elebhu - ngemuva kokuthintana nento enobuthi, ukufa kwenzeka cishe emaphesenti angama-85 wamacala, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu - kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-30.

Iqoqo eliphezulu lezinto ezinobuthi emizimbeni yezinhlanzi ibonwa ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Abaphenyi abakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi yini ehlobene nalesi sici. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi izidumbu ze-tench ziqukethe inani elincane le-ichthyotoxins, okwenza kungadingeki ukwenqaba ukudla le nhlanzi. Ubuthi bubhujiswa ngokwelashwa okushisa kwenhlanzi. Ukuphela kwengozi kubantu kumane kufakwa engxenyeni yento enobuthi ngqo egazini.

I-Tench yinhlanzi evela emndenini we-carp. Izici ezihlukile zezinhlanzi zithathwa njengokubukeka okuhlukile, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, ukungacabangi kokudla okunempilo. Kuyazuzisa ukufuya izinhlanzi kanye nezidumbu - lokhu kukhulisa imali engenayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Tench luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray zomndeni wakwa-cyprinid kanye nokulandelana kwama-cyprinid. Ungummeleli oyedwa wohlobo lwegama elifanayo (Tinca). Okusuka kwigama lomndeni wezinhlanzi kuyacaca ukuthi i-carp iyisihlobo esiseduzane kakhulu se-tench, yize ungeke usho ngokushesha ngokubukeka, ngoba akukho okufana ekuqaleni kokuqala. Isikali se-Microscopic, esine-hule ye-olive-ye-olive kanye nesigaxa esimnandi se-mucus, siyimboza - lezi yizici eziphambili zomugqa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Emgqeni okhishwe emanzini, umquba uyoma ngokushesha bese uqala ukuwa uphele, kube sengathi izihlambi zinhlanzi, zichitha isikhumba. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi wabizwa kanjalo.

Kukhona okunye ukucabanga mayelana negama lezinhlanzi, elibonakalisa indlela yalo yokuphila. Le nhlanzi i-inert futhi ayisebenzi, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama layo lihambisana negama elithi "ubuvila", elathola kamuva umsindo omusha othi "tench".

Ividiyo: Lin

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-tench ayihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinto abantu abazifuyile ngokwezifiso, lawa umugqa wegolide kanye neKwolsdorf. Esokuqala sihle kakhulu futhi sifana ne -fishfish, ngakho-ke sivame ukugcwala ezindaweni zokuhlobisa. Eyesibili ifana nse nomugqa ojwayelekile, kepha ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi inezici ezibalulekile (inhlanzi nekhilogremu eyodwa ibhekwa njengejwayelekile).

Ngokuqondene nomugqa ojwayelekile owakhiwe ngokwemvelo uqobo, ungafinyelela nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, bufinyelela kubude obufika ku-70 cm nesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-7.5 kg. Ukuqagela okunjalo akuvamile, ngakho-ke, ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba wezinhlanzi buyehluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 cm. Ezweni lethu, abadobi bavame ukubamba umugqa osisindo osuka ku-150 kuye kuma-700 amagremu.

Abanye bahlukanisa umugqa ohlobene nalezo zindawo zokuhlala lapho behlala khona, bagcizelela:

• ulayini wechibi, obhekwa njengekhulu kunawo wonke futhi unamandla amakhulu, uthanda amachibi amakhulu nezindawo zokonga,
• ulayini womfula, ohlukile kowokuqala ngosayizi omncane, umlomo wezinhlanzi uyaphakanyiswa, uhlala ngasemfuleni amanzi asemfuleni naseziphepheni,
• umugqa wamachibi, ophinde ube mncane kunomugqa wechibi futhi uhlala kahle kuzo zombili izihlambi zemvelo namachibi okufakelwa,
• i-tench emfishane, ehlala ezindaweni ezigcinwe ezitokisini, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bayo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, kepha buvame kakhulu.

Ngabe kudlani i-tench?

Isithombe: Izinhlanzi eziyishumi ezingaphansi kwamanzi

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, imenyu yolayini iqukethe ama-invertebrates ahlala ezansi kwodaka lwedamu.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kuhluke kakhulu, i-tench ayisihlukanisi ukuluma:

• ukopha,
• crustaceans
• izimbungulu zamanzi
• izinqe
• ukubhukuda
• gazinga lezinye izinhlanzi,
• phytoplankton,
• imikhaza
• izimbungulu zamanzi,
• zonke izinhlobo zemibungu (ikakhulukazi omiyane).

Ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, i-tench idla uwoyela wemifino ngobumnandi: inhlobonhlobo yolwayi, amahlumela we-sedge, umhlanga, ikhathalogu, izigaxa zeminduze yamanzi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ekudleni, i-tench ayithobeki, ayinayo imilutha yokudla ekhethekile (ikakhulukazi isikhathi sonyaka), ngakho-ke imunca lokho okuwela ngaphansi kwamaphayi.

Izindawo zokondla izinhlanzi zikhethwa yizindawo ezingaphansi ezinodaka noma i-peat floor kanye ne-undergrowth overgrowth. Ukuthola ukudla, imigqa kufanele yambe nxazonke, yephule phansi, okuthukuthelisa ukubonakala kwama-bubble womoya ebusweni bomhlaba, okunikeza indawo yomugqa. Isikhathi sokondla ulayini siba ekuseni kakhulu noma entathakusa. Emini, ngokukhanya kwelanga okuningi, izinhlanzi azifuni ukondla. Ebusuku, i-tench ayondli, kepha ilala ngaphansi komoya ophansi. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda ekwindla, inhlanzi idla okuncane futhi idle kancane, kancane kancane ilungiselela ukufihlakala lapho isondla ngokuphelele.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: IGolden tench

U-Lin, ngokungafani nesihlobo sakhe se-carp, ubonakala ngokuhamba kancane, ukuhamba kancane nokuzilibazisa. U-Lin unakekele kakhulu, unamahloni, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukubamba. Eboshwe ngokhuni, yonke into yakhe iyashintsha: uqala ukubonisa ubutha, ubuhlakani, uphonsa wonke amandla akhe ekuphikiseni futhi angakwazi ukugqashula kalula (ikakhulukazi isibonelo esinzima). Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba uma ufuna ukuhlala, awusafiswa.

I-tench, njengemvukuzane, ischews ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, ayithandi ukuphuma, izigcina isendaweni ecashile, enemithunzi, ethangeni lamanzi ekujuleni. Abantu abavuthiwe bathanda ukuhlala bodwa, kepha izilwane ezincane zivame ukuhlanganiswa emhlambini osukela ezinhlanzini ezihlanu kuya kweziyi-15. Ubuye afune ukudla kwe-tench kusihlwa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi i-tench ingangeneki futhi ayisebenzi, yenza ukufuduka kwendabuko cishe nsuku zonke, kusuka esifundeni esisogwini kuya ekujuleni, bese kubuyela ogwini. Ngesikhathi sokuhlakazeka, angabheka nendawo entsha yokunwabisa.

Ekwindla sekwephuzile, imigqa igeleza kusilika bese iwela ekushayweni komoya, okuphela ngokufika kwezinsuku zentwasahlobo, lapho ikholomu lamanzi liqala ukufudumala lifinyelela kumazinga amane ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Avukile, imigqa isondela kakhulu ogwini, igcwele kakhulu imifino yasemanzini, eqala ukuyiqinisa ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside sasebusika. Kuyabonakala ukuthi lapho kushisa kakhulu inhlanzi iba yi-lethalgic futhi izama ukuhlala eduze nezansi, lapho ipholile khona. Lapho ikwindla isondela futhi amanzi eqala ukuphola kancane, i-tench isebenza kakhulu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Flock of Lines

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, imigqa yabantu abadala yendlela yokuphila ehlanganayo, ikhetha ukuba yodwa ekujuleni kobumnyama. Intsha kuphela engenalwazi eyakha imihlambi emincane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-tench yi-thermophilic, ngenxa yalokho ivela kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Lapho amanzi esevele efudumele kahle (kusuka kumadigri ayi-17 kuye kwangama-20). Imayini ikhula ngokomzimba isondele eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ubudala, lapho iba namandla kusuka kuma-200 kuya kwangama-400 amagremu.

Ngokwesizathu sabo sokusaba, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo ezingashoni ezigcwele zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi ezishaywa umoya kancane. Inqubo yokusaphaza iqhubeka ngezigaba eziningana, izikhawu phakathi ezingafika kumaviki amabili. I-Caviar ibekwa ngokujulile, imvamisa ingaphansi kobubanzi bamamitha, inamathela emagatsheni ezihlahla athuthelwa emanzini kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Imigqa ivundile kakhulu, insikazi eyodwa ingakhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-600, isikhathi sokufakwa kuwo esihlukahluka kusuka emahoreni angama-70 kuye kwangama-75 kuphela.

Amaqanda we-tench awawona maningi kakhulu futhi ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amafry azalwa, acishe abe ngu-3 mm ubude, awashiyi indawo yawo yokuzalwa izinsuku eziningana, aqiniswa izakhi ezisele ku-yolk sac. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala uhambo lokuzimela, behlangana emihlambini. Ukudla kwabo ekuqaleni kuqukethe i-zooplankton kanye ne-algae, bese kuvela ama-invertebrates angaphansi kuyo.

Izinhlanzi ezincane zikhula kancane, lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-3 ubude bazo zingama-3-4 cm. Ngemuva komunye unyaka, ziphinda kabili ngosayizi bese kuthi kuphela iminyaka emihlanu ubude bazo zifinyelele kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Kwasungulwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula komugqa kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eyisikhombisa, futhi baphila kusuka kwabangu-12 kuye ku-16.

Izitha zemvelo zomugqa

Ngokumangazayo, inhlanzi enjalo enokuthula nenamahloni, njenge-tench, ayinazitha eziningi endle. Le nhlanzi ikweleta umumbu wayo oyingqayizivele emzimbeni. Izinhlanzi ezifuywayo nezilwane ezincelisayo ezithanda ukudla izinhlanzi, zivala impumulo yazo, okungavusi isifiso sazo sokudla ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu be-mucus obunamandla, obunephunga layo elithile.

Imvamisa, ngobukhulu obukhulu, ama-caviar angama-lingual kanye nama-fry angenalwazi ahlupheka. I-Tench ayikuvikeli ukwenziwa kwayo, kanti i-fry isengozini enkulu, ngakho-ke, zombili izinhlanzi ezincane namaqanda zidla ngenhliziyo izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene (i-pike, i-perch), kanye nezilwane (ama-otter, ama-muskrats), nama-waterfowls awanandaba nokuzidla. Izidalwa ezihlasimulisa umzimba zemvelo nazo ziba imbangela yokufa kwenqwaba yamaqanda, lapho isikhukhula siphela kanye nezinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, bese kuthi ikhava, esemanzini angajulile.

Umuntu angabizwa futhi ngokuthi isitha se-tench, ikakhulukazi lowo olawula ngekhono induku yokudoba. Imvamisa yokudoba i-tench iqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqhume. Ama-Angler asebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezithiyelo zobuqili ne-bait, ngoba i-tench iyakuqaphela konke okusha. I-Coned tench inezinzuzo eziningana: okokuqala, kunamamaki kakhulu, okwesibili, inyama yayo inambitheka kakhulu futhi idla, futhi okwesithathu, asikho isidingo sokuhlanza izikali, ngakho-ke asiside kangako isikhathi sokudabukisa ngaso.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ebubanzini beYurophu, ibanga lokuhlala kwe-tench likhulu kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngenani lomugqa wonke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi isibalo sawo asisongeli ukuqothulwa, kepha kunezici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezithinta kabi. Okokuqala, kungukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kwalezo ziindawo okugcinwe kuzo lapho kunqunyelwe i-tench. Lokhu kungumphumela wemisebenzi yezomnotho eshubile yabantu.

Ukufa okukhulu kwe-tench kugcinwa ebusika, lapho kuba khona ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi, okuholela ekutheni izinhlanzi zasebusika zimane ziqandeke eqhweni, azinaso isikhala esivame ukumba usilika nobusika. Ensimini yezwe lethu, ukuzingela kuyachuma ngale kwe-Urals, yingakho abantu be-tench lapho behlise kakhulu.

Zonke lezi zinto ezenziwa ngabantu ziholele ekutheni kwezinye izifunda, zombuso wethu naphesheya kwezilwandle, i-tench yaqala ukunyamalala futhi yabangela ukukhathazeka kwezinhlangano zezemvelo, yingakho-ke ifakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zalezi zindawo. Nakulokhu futhi, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi lesi simo sivele kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, futhi hhayi yonke indawo, ngokuyisisekelo, i-tench ihlakazeke kakhulu futhi isibalo saso sisezingeni elifanele, ngaphandle kokubangela ukwesaba, okungajabulisi kodwa. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo.

Unogada Wemigqa

Photo: Lin kusuka encwadini Red

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, inani lemigqa kwezinye izifunda lehle kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu ezi-barbaric, ngakho-ke kwadingeka ngengeze le nhlanzi ethandekayo ezincwadini eziBomvu zezifunda ngazinye. I-Tench ifakwe ku-Red Book of Moscow njengezinhlobo ezisengozini kule ndima. Izici ezinomkhawulo lapha ukudonswa kwamanzi amdaka angcolile eMfuleni laseMoscow, ukuhlangana kogu, inani elikhulu lezindawo zokubhukuda ezihamba ngezimoto eziphazamisa izinhlanzi ezinamahloni, kanye nokwanda kwenani labantu abadla i-lingan caviar kanye nefry.

Empumalanga yeSiberia, i-tench nayo ibhekwa njengendawo okuhlala kuyo, ikakhulukazi emanzini eLake Baikal. Ukukhula kokuzingela kuholele kulokhu, ngakho-ke i-tench iseNcwadini eBomvu yaseBuryatia. ILin ithathwa njengeyivelakancane esifundeni saseYaroslavl ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindawo ezihlala zodwa ezigcwele imifino yasemanzini, lapho yayingabonakala khona ngokuthula. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu esifundeni saseYaroslavl. Esifundeni i-Irkutsk, i-tench nayo ibhalwe ku-Red Book yesifunda i-Irkutsk. Ngaphezu kwezwe lethu, i-tench ivikelwe eJalimane, njengoba lapho inani layo lincane kakhulu.

Ukugcina lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi, kunconywa izindlela ezilandelayo zokonga:

• ukuqapha njalo kwabantu abaziwayo,
• ukuqapha amabala obusika kanye nezizathu ezinwebekayo,
• ukongiwa kwezindawo zemvelo ezingasogwini emadolobheni,
• Ukuhlanza imfucumfucu kanye nokungcoliswa kwezimboni kwezindawo ezikhipha ubusika kanye nobusika
• ukunqatshelwa kokudotshwa ngesikhathi sokuluka,
• izinhlawulo ezinzima zokuzingela.

Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukufaka lokho okungajwayelekile ngobuningi bawo nosayizi wesikali ishumi, embule abaningi abavela kuma-engela ahlukene, ngoba imikhuba yakhe kanye nezimpawu zakhe, ezagcina kunokuthula, okukhohlisayo nokungashisi, zahlaziywa. Ukubonakala kwe-tench enhle ngeke kudidaniswe nanoma yikuphi okunye, ngoba Kungokoqobo futhi kungokwangempela.

Yini indlela engcono yokubamba ishumi?

Isibheji esihle kunazo zonke i-molt isikelesi somhlaba esivamile. Isimo esiyinhloko - isiheho kufanele sibe sincane hhayi ukubanga izinsolo ezinhlanzini eziqaphela.

Indawo lapho inhlanzi itholakala khona ingatholwa ngamabhabheli wesimilo akhuphuka esuka phansi. Kubadobi, le nto yabizwa ngokuthi “umzila wokuhamba ngomgwaqo” noma “umkhondo womzila”.

Ngabe uke waba ne-CATCH enkulu kakhulu?

Ugcine nini ukubamba inqwaba yamaphayiphu / IZINYEMPILO / imizimba?

Ngaso sonke isikhathi sifuna ukuthola umphumela wokudoba - ukubamba hhayi ama-perch amathathu, kodwa amaphayile ekhilogremu ambalwa - lokhu kuzoba ukubanjiswa! Ngamunye wethu uphupha ngalokhu, kepha akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kanjani.

Ukubamba okuhle kungatholakala (futhi siyakwazi lokhu) sibonga ngebheti elihle.

Ingalungiswa ekhaya, ungathenga ezitolo zokudoba. Kepha ezitolo kuyabiza, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukupheka isheyiti ekhaya, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, futhi, kahle kakhulu, kude nokuhlala njalo isithiyo sekhaya sisebenza kahle.

Uyakwazi ukudumazeka lapho uthenga ibheyithi noma uyipheke ekhaya futhi ubamba iminsalo emithathu noma emine?

Ngakho-ke mhlawumbe sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa umkhiqizo womsebenzi owenziwe ngempela, ukusebenza kwawo okufakazelwe ngokwesayensi nangokuzijwayeza emifuleni nasemachibini aseRussia?

Vele, kungcono ukuzama kanye kunokuzwa amahlandla ayinkulungwane. Ikakhulu manje - inkathi uqobo lwayo! Isaphulelo esingu-50% lapho uku-oda kuyibhonasi enhle!