Skunk kungokwesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo. Akakwazi ukugibela izihlahla. Lezi zilwane zihamba kuphela emhlabathini. ISkunk ihlukaniswa yindlela yayo yokuhamba.

Ukuze enze isinyathelo esingokomfanekiso, kudingeka agobise umhlane wakhe, athathe umsila wakhe ohlangothini enze igxuma elifushane. Ngakho-ke, ezinezinyawo ezine.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ama-skunk ezinhlotsheni ezine:
— Imicu yeskunk. Isisindo sayo singama-1.5-5.3 kg.
— I-skunk echithiwe. Lolu hlobo lincane. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-0,5-1 kg.
— Ingulube Skunk. I-skunks enkulu kunazo zonke. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-4.5 kg.
— I-smelly skunk.

ISkunk yaziwa ngephunga layo elingajabulisi le-pungent. Ukusabela kokuqala kwezingane "fu skunk". Emakhathuni, iphunga laso liyachichima. Umthombo wesiphunga esinjalo ungaphansi komsila wakhe. Indlala ekhethekile ikhiqiza uketshezi olunephunga elinamandla.

Lokhu kuyindlela engajwayelekile yokuvikela kwabazingeli. Ebhekene nengozi, lesi silwane siphendukela emuva esitha, siphakamise umsila waso bese sisebenzisa ingxubevange. Ukusakazwa koketshezi kungena ngamamitha ayi-1-6. Iphunga liphikelela kakhulu kangangokuba into efakwe kuyo ingaphansi kokuchayeka ngokuphelele kuma-detergents.

Unuka uSkunk kungakhipha isifutho esikhethekile. Ukuvikelwa Kwakhe kubuyiselwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10. Sonke lesi sikhathi akavikeleki. Isilwane esithintwe yi-skunk ngeke sisasondela kuye, futhi umbala waso ogqamile uzofaka isandla esikhumbuzweni sengozi.

I-Skunk fur sibongwa kakhulu. Kepha iphunga loboya liyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza lingatholakali njalo emakethe. Umbala walezi zidlamlilo zikhanya. Kwisizinda esimnyama, imivimbo emhlophe emibili ezinhlangothini noma amabala. Futhi enye imicu emhlophe esihlokweni phakathi kwamehlo.

Umsila uthambile futhi mude ngemivimbo emhlophe namnyama. Ubude bawo buyi-17.3-30.7 cm. Umzimba we-skunk uqinile. Amaphayi amafushane, kepha anezinhlwayi ezinkulu. Abesilisa bakhulu ngo-10% kunabesifazane. Ngaphandle, isilwane sikhange kakhulu, ngakho-ke kukhona abaningi ekhaya izithombe ze-skunk.

Skunk Habitat

Bahlala amaSkunks ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifulethi. Isilwane sithanda ukungashiyi imithombo yamanzi ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Izwe lakubo kukholakala ukuthi liyindawo yase-United States naseningizimu yeCanada.

I-skunk yezilwane ngeke uhlangane e-Alaska naseHawaii. Izilwane ezincelisayo zivamile nasemazweni anjengeMexico, Nicaragua ne-El Salvador, Argentina, Guatemala neCosta Rica, iBolivia, iParaguay, iPeru neBelize, eChile.

Isilwane sithatha amamitha angaphezu kuka-1800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhuphukela kumamitha angama-4000. USkunk uyaphila emahlathini noma emasimini, kude nasendaweni yokuhlala abantu.

Imisele, amadwala namaphethelo aseduze nemifula yindawo ayithandayo kulezi zilwane. Ebusika, isilwane siyazifihla. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, balungisa ikhaya labo, baqoqa amaqabunga owomile notshani.

Indawo yokulala kumele yome futhi ingathandeki kwabanye. NgoDisemba, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, i-minke whale iyalala. I-Nora imvamisa i-skunk ikhetha sele yambiwe othile. Umgodi we-fox noma ukungabi namandla okuvela ezimpondweni ezomile kungahle kulungele izindlu. Abesifazane balala namawundlu, nabesilisa ngokwehlukana. Umakhelwane awubekezeleli. Izilwane ziyavuka ekupheleni kukaMashi.

E-Italy, eGermany, eGreat Britain, eNetherlands nase-USA bagcina i-minke whale njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kepha kwezinye izifundazwe ekhaya skunk akuvamile. Umthetho uvikela lezi zilwane ekuhwebeni okungagunyaziwe. Lapho kuvunyelwe, ungathenga i-skunk ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane noma emapulazini obuboya lapho asusa khona izindlala ezinephunga.

Ukunakekela isilwane esinjalo kulula. ISkunk eRussia Kuyabiza kakhulu, ngoba azikho izinkulisa. Zilethwa zivela eMelika. Kepha isifiso sabo sokuba nekhaya sidlulela e-Asia. Ungalindela ukuthi ngokuzayo umuntu othile azothembisa ukukuzala ukuze athengiswe. Izithombe zeSkunk futhi abanikazi bazo bakhuluma ngokuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwalezi zilwane ekhaya.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuzala siwela ekwindla. Emadodeni, isidoda sivela enyangeni kaMashi, lokhu kungabonakala kuma-testicles akhulisiwe. NgoSepthemba, ziyanda ukuya ngosayizi omkhulu. ISkunk isilungele ukuvuthwa. Ngo-Okthoba, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda kuyama.

Kwabesifazane, ukuthomba kwenzeka unyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa. Isifunda sivela ngoSepthemba, kepha abesilisa bavunyelwe ukusondela kubo ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ama-polykunous skunks mate nabesifazane abaningi. Abathathi iqhaza ekunakekeleni amawundlu.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-28-31. Kulezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo, uma kunesidingo, ukubambezeleka kokumunca umbungu odongeni lwesibeletho kungenzeka. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-embryonic diapause. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhulelwa kudluliselwa ezinsukwini ezingama-63.

Kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-10 kuvela inkunkuma. Kaningi kuba ngabantu abangama-5-6. Ama-skunks amancane avela ngoMashi noma ngoMeyi. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-22,5 g. Zazalwa ziyisithulu futhi ziyimpumputhe. Ezinganeni, isikhumba sinokubonakala kwe-velor ethambile. Umbala uyefana nowama-skunks abantu abadala.

Emavikini amabili kamuva, amawundlu aqala ukubona, futhi emavikini ama-4 angathatha ithuba lokuzivikela. Bangakwazi ukudubula ngoketshezi onephunga izinsuku ezingama-40-46. Owesifazane wondla inzalo yakhe amasonto angama-6-7. Baqala ukuzidla bodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ubusika bokuqala umndeni bendawonye, ​​ama-skunks alandelayo afuna indawo yokulala eyedwa.

USkunk uyaphila ekuthunjweni kuze kube seminyakeni eyi-10, kepha emvelweni leli nani lincane kakhulu. Iminyaka emithathu kuphela. Lo mehluko ubangelwa ukushona okuphezulu. Izimbangela ezinkulu yizifo, imigwaqo evulekile nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Izikhova-izikhova, amabhere, izimpungushe, amasoka, amabhulukwe nezinsimbi kuyazizingela. Cishe i-90% yezilwane ezisencane ngeke zikwazi ukusinda ebusika bazo bokuqala.

Umsoco

USkunk akayazi indlela yokubamba ngokushesha noma inyamazane enkulu, ngoba lokhu akanamakhono adingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwakhe kufaka namagundane amancane, izibankwa, amasele. Uma kwenzeka, angahlasela umvimbi ongasizi ngalutho.

Iyadla ku-carrion. Ukudla kwesilwane ezincelisayo kuhlukile. Ehlobo, angazithokozela izithelo namajikijolo asendle, kanye nembewu notshani. Imenyu incike ngenkathi. Ebusika, izilwane, kanye nokuqala kokushisa, izimila.

Ngokuyisisekelo, inyamazane iya ukuzingela ebusuku. Umbono wakhe ubuthakathaka ngisho naphakathi nosuku, ngakho-ke ebusuku usebenzisa ukuzwa kwakhe kanye nomuzwa wakhe wokuhogela. I-skunk igaya umhlabathi ngamakhala nangamahlakala ayo ifuna izinambuzane. Ijika amagxolo awile namatshe ifuna izinyamazane.

Ukuze uthole izinduku ezincane, i-skunk iyelula, ilinde bese igxuma, ithumba inyamazane ngamazinyo namazinyo ayo. Icebo elifanayo lokuzingela izintethe namabhungane. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho ecindezela izinambuzane ngezihlakala zazo emhlabathini.

Ezinye izilwane ziwela phansi emhlabathini ukuze zikhiphe, ngokwesibonelo, isikhumba esinobuthi noma isisusa se-prickly villi. Ukuze angaboli i-skunk, uyayidla khona lapho. Kwiziqu zakhe, ubamba ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zithanda kakhulu uju. Kepha uma befika esidlekeni, khona-ke uyodla yonke into nezinyosi zezinyosi nezinyosi noju.

Ukugwinya kwenyosi akukho kubuhlungu kuye, futhi ijazi eliminyene, eliqinile liyalivikela ekulimaleni. Iphuzu elibuthakathaka lingumhlubulo kuphela. Amaqanda nawo angokudla kwakhe okumnandi. Ukuhlephula, i-skunk ibaphonsa emuva kwakhe, ngethemba lokuthi iqanda lizokhuphuka okuthile okuqinile futhi kwephule. Ekhaya ukondla i-skunk dinga kanye nenja.

Udinga ukudla okunje: hhayi okubabayo, okungenasawoti, hhayi okumnandi, hhayi okunamafutha. Unganika yonke imifino nezithelo kwimenyu kufanele okungenani kube yi-50%. Okuvela kumaphrotheni anikeze inhlanzi ebilisiwe noma inkukhu. Iqanda, ilayisi, amabele nokunye okusanhlamvu ekudleni kufanele kube njalo. Njengazo zonke izilwane kudliwa ama-skunks imikhiqizo yemvelo kuphela.

Amagciwane kubo ubuthi. Kwezolimo, baletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, bedla izinduku nezinambuzane ezilimaza isivuno. Akuvamile ukuthi, lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zidle izaqathe noma amabhungane asengadini.

Skunk

Lapho kukhulunywa nge-skunk, abaningi baphukile futhi bakhipha isimemezelo esibonakalayo: "Fuuu!" Yebo Yebo, skunk Yaba yindawo eyaziwayo ngenxa yamakha ayo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi igama lakhe liyasetshenziswa ukubiza umuntu ongabhemi omuhle kakhulu. Kungakujabulisa ukuqonda izici zokubonakala kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile, ukuveza imikhuba yaso, ukuchaza uhlobo, imikhuba yokudla nezindawo okubhaliswa kuzo ama-skunk njalo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Skunk - isilwane esidliwayo esinamalungu omndeni ofanayo we-skunks. Muva nje, ama-skunks abonwa njengengxenye yomndeni we-marten ngenxa yokufana, kodwa ososayensi benza ucwaningo oluningi lwama-moleculethi futhi bathola ukuthi ama-skunks asondelene nomndeni we-panda kunasemndenini we-marten ne-raccoon, njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Umphumela walezi zifundo ukuthi ama-skunk ahlukaniswe aba ngumndeni ohlukile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-skunk?

Imivimbo enguSkunk okuvame kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni wakwa-skunk, lesi yisilwane esincane esisezingeni eliphakathi, kepha kunalokho siyinyama ethe xaxa. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buvela ku-28 kuya ku-38 cm, futhi ubude bomsila buhlukahluka kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-30 ​​cm. Isisindo sesilwane sisuka ku-1,2 kuye ku-5.3 kg. Izingalo zimfushane, izindlawu zazo zigobe kancane, emabunzini asezinde, lokhu kubalulekile ukumba izimbobo. Izindlebe zeskunk zimfishane, ziqinile ngokwanele, futhi ziyindilinga ngaphezulu. Ijazi le-skunk linezinwele ezinde kakhulu, kepha uboya bungaqinile, umsila uvukile futhi ubukeka ucebile.

Umbala wesilwane unesilinganiso esimnyama nomhlophe. Isudi emnyama inwetshelwe ngemicu emhlophe ebanzi eqala endaweni yekhanda futhi yelulele emuva ngasemsileni, lapho umbala wayo unezinwele zombili namathoni amnyama.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubude nobubanzi bemivimbo emhlophe behlukile kubantu abahlukile be-skunk enemigqa.

Skunk mexican luhluke ngohlobo lwangaphambilini ngobukhulu obuncane, isisindo salo alifinyeleli kilogremu futhi lisukela kuma-800 kuya kuma-900 amagremu. Le nhlobonhlobo ye-skunk inezinketho ezimbili zemibala. Eyokuqala yazo iyona evame kakhulu: ingaphezulu lesilwane limhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi zonke ezinye izingxenye (isisu, isicubu, izitho) zimnyama. Ohlelweni lwesibili lombala, ithoni emnyama ifinyelela kuqala kanye nemicu emincane emincane kakhulu kuphela ebonakalayo ezinhlangothini, ingaphakathi lomsila, imvamisa nayo imhlophe. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi uboya besilwane bude futhi bulula kunobubanzi besandla, futhi ngezinwele ezinde ezisezintanjeni zakhe zabizwa nge- "hood skunk".

I-Skunk encane enamabala akahlukile ngosayizi omkhulu, unobude bomzimba obungu-23 kuya ku-35 cm, kanti nomsila unobude obungamasentimitha ayi-11 kuye kwangama-22. Emzimbeni omnyama, umhlobiso wemivimbo emhlophe nama-zigzag amhlophe uhlala ungumuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlangana nezilwane ezinemibala ngokulinganayo cishe akunakwenzeka. Isilwane sibukeka siyabukeka, futhi okukude ngombala wejazi ukubonwa okubonakalayo kuyabonakala.

ISkunk South American kubhekisa umndeni wezingulube. Isilwane sinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele impela, lesi skunk singasukela ku-46 siye ku-90 cm ubude, isisindo sisukela ku-2, 5 kuye ku-4, kg. Umsila walesi silwanyana umhlophe, futhi emzimbeni waso omnyama, kukhona futhi imicu emhlophe elula ukusuka emuva kwekhanda kuye emsileni, kuphela kunephethini elimhlophe.

Isibhakabhaka esinqunyiwe okubizwa nangokuthi yi-telecenter, kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwe-skunk lamabheji anephunga elimnandi, okwathi kuze kube ngu-1997 labalwa njenge kunim. Isibi esinyanyekile sifana ngokubukeka kubheji elijwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba wakhe busuka kuma-37 kuye kuma-52 cm, kuthi isisindo sisuka ku-1,3 kuye ku-3.6 kg. Isilwane sinomsila omfushane kakhulu, ubude bawo ngamasentimitha amane, futhi izinwele ezikuyo zinde. Ithoni eyimbangela yomzimba imnyama, imivimbo ekhanyayo igqame engxenyeni yesikhumba.

Manje usuyazi konke mayelana nomfula ophume kanye nephunga le-skunk. Sibona ukuthi lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sihlala kuphi.

Ihlala kuphi i-skunk?

Photo: Skunk ngemvelo

Cishe wonke ama-skunks ahlala ku-New World. Izikebhe ezinemigqa zahlala endaweni eseNyakatho Melika, zahlala izikhala ukusuka eningizimu yeCanada zaya enyakatho yezwe laseMexico. Ngokuqondene ne-United States, lapho lezi zingwazi zingatholakala cishe kunoma yisiphi isifundazwe, ngaphandle kweHawaii ne-Alaska.

Kungenzeka impela ubone ama-skunks athwala izingulube (enezimpondo) ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu Melika ziye ezikhaleni ze-Argentina. Kwama-skunk abonakalayo, izindawo zokuhlala zingamazwe asePennsylvania naseBritish Columbia, futhi ububanzi bawo bokuhambisa bufinyelela eCosta Rica. Ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe laseMelika, kuhlala amashidi amakha kuphela; akhethe iziqhingi zase-Indonesia.

Ngaphezu kwesimo esishiwo ngaphambili, ama-skunks angahlangatshezwa ngezikhala:

AmaSkunk ahlala ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba, kepha iningi lazo lihehwa yizindawo eziphansi eziseduzane nemithombo yamanzi. Zibuye zihlale emadwaleni amatshe, imvamisa azikho ngaphezulu kwamakhilomitha amabili ngaphezu kolwandle, yize izibonakaliso ziye zabonakala zikhuphuka cishe ngamakhilomitha amane. Izilwane azidluleli ezindaweni ezisemahlathini, kuphela azithandi ukhula olukhulu, zithanda ihlathi elikhanyayo. Izikebhe namaxhaphozi awathandeki.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: AmaSkunk awadukeli kude nabantu futhi ajwayele ukuhlala emadolobheni nakwezinye izindawo, lapho ahlala khona efuna ukudla ekuchithekeni komhlaba nasemigedeni.

Ngabe kudliwa skunk?

Photo: Imicu Skunk

Ama-Skunks, ngaphandle kokungabaza, angabizwa ngokuthi ama-omnivorous, imenyu yawo ifaka phakathi ukudla kwezilwane kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izilwane zidla ezinye.

AbakwaSkunks bayakujabulela ukuluma:

Izilwane zidla ngenjabulo ngemifino ehlukahlukene nemifino, okusanhlamvu, amahlamvu, izitshalo ezine-herbaceous namantongomane. Musa ukudelela i-skunk ne-carrion. Njengoba sekushiwo, ama-skunks ahlala emadolobhaneni abantu adla imfucuza yokudla ezindaweni zokufakelwa emhlabathini nasemigqonyeni kadoti.

AmaSkunks abekwa phambili ekuzingeleni ngesikhathi sokuhwalala, besebenzisa ukuzwa kwabo okubucayi nephunga elibukhali. Sebeqaphele inyamazane yabo, ngokwesibonelo, isilwane, bagebha umhlaba, baqubule amatshe, bajabulise amaqabunga awileyo ngamakhala abo ukuze bathole inyamazane. Ama-rice skunks abamba amazinyo awo, konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokugxuma. Uma isisulu esibanjiwe sinezikhumba ezilukhuni kakhulu noma kukhona ameva, khona-ke izilwane ezibuqili ziqale ziligobele phansi. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ama-skunks ahlala ekudingisweni makhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunezihlobo zawo ezivela endle, ngoba Ukudla kwabo kugcwele ngamafutha.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ama-Skunks izinyo elimnandi, amane ancoma uju, aludle ngqo nezinyosi nezinyosi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: American Skunk

Ama-Skunks ayasebenza kusihlwa futhi ebusuku, bese kukhethwa izimbobo zawo ukuthola ukudla. Bayazi ukuthi bambe kanjani ngokuphelele, kepha zama ukubamba imisele yabanye abantu ukuze baphile. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-skunk zikhuphuka kahle emiqhele yezihlahla, kodwa iningi lezilwane alikwazi ukugibela izihlahla, futhi wonke ama-skunk abhukuda kahle nje.

Izilwane ezinqunyelwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ziqala ukugcina amanoni ekwindla ukuze zibusika kalula, noma hibernation ingeyona into eyingqayizivele kuzo, kepha izilwane ziba nezesabekayo futhi zibulale ebusika, ngaphandle kokushiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezifudumele. Zikhosela emiseleni ngamaqembu amancane, ahlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi.

Lapho kuvela ama-stupor ebusika, ama-skunk akhetha ukuhlala yedwa. Ukubuswa kwalezi zilwane akuyona into engafani nhlobo, akubeki mingcele kwimingcele yezabelo zomhlaba. Indawo yokondla insikazi ingahlala indawo engamakhilomitha amabili kuya amane, futhi kwabesilisa ingafinyelela kumashumi amabili.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokuphikisana nomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga nokuzwa, imvelo ayizange ifake skunks ngamehlo abukhali, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukwahlukanisa noma yini ngaphandle komaki wamamitha amathathu.

Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo lwe-skunk, khona-ke iyabekezeleleka ngokuphelele, ingathengiswa, okuvame ukwenziwa emazweni anjenge-UK, Italy, USA, Germany, Netherlands. Imvamisa, izingwegwe ezimthende ziba yizilwane ezifuywayo, izindlala zazo ezingamasondo zisuswa. Abanini bezilwane ezixakile baqinisekisa ukuthi ama-skunks ayakuthokozela ukuxhumana futhi alungele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya, aba ngabangane bangempela.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Skunk Cub

AmaSkunks avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyodwa, futhi isikhathi sawo somshado siqala ngenyanga yokuqala yentwasahlobo noma ngoFebhuwari futhi sithatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngalesi sikhathi sesiyaluyalu, abesilisa bangaba nolaka futhi balwe nalabo abancintisana nabo ngokuba ngumuntu wesifazane skunk. Ama-Skunks angabizwa ngokuthi isithembu; owesilisa oyedwa unezinsikazi eziningana zokuzalela. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza kumanyolo kuphela, akabonakali ngokuqhubekayo empilweni yenzalo yakhe.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezimbili. Owesifazane uzala izingane ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi, kepha esikhathini esiningi kuzo kuba nezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha zazo. Isisindo sezingane singama-gramu angama-23, lapho zizalwa zingaboni futhi zisithulu, isikhumba sazo sifana ne-velvet enemibala efanayo neyezihlobo ezivuthiwe.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Kwama-skunks, into efana ne-embryonic diapause (ukukhula kokubambezeleka kwe-embryonic) iyisici. Kulokhu, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Cishe emavikini amabili eminyaka, imidlwane ye-skunk ithola amandla okubona, futhi esondele enyangeni isivele ikwazi ukuzimela endaweni yokuzivikela. Bangazisebenzisa izikhali zabo zokuhogela lapho benonyaka owodwa nesigamu. Umama uphatha izingane cishe amasonto ayisikhombisa. Baqala ukufunda ukuzimela ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ukuqala ubusika kwenzeka emgodini womama, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ama-skunks amancane kuyodingeka azitholele isiphephelo. Ezimweni ezinzima zasendle, ama-skunks ahlala cishe iminyaka emithathu noma emine, futhi idlanzana liyakwazi ukuhlala ekudingisweni. Izilwane eziningi ezincane ziyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kunobufakazi bokuthi abantu abayishumi kuphela kwabayikhulu abakwazi ukunqoba ngempumelelo ubusika bokuqala.

Izitha Zemvelo Zokunk

Isithombe: Imicu Skunks

Kukhona isikhali esinamandla samakhemikhali ku-archit s'sk, kodwa asesabisi wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke unezitha ezimweni zemvelo, yize ziningi.

Phakathi kwabafundi abangaba yingozi abangafakwa ohlwini:

I-skunk yo-furry ayilula futhi isisungule iqhinga lokuzivikela elisebenzayo. Okokuqala, isilwane siveza ubuqili bokwexwayisa: siphakamisa umsila waso, sithathe isikhundla sayo sokuhlaselwa, sinyathele izinyawo phansi, sikhiphe umlozane, singama ngezinyawo zaso ngaphambili futhi silingise ukudubula okungelona iqiniso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza ngendlela enobuntu, inika isitha ithuba lokubuyela emuva ngaphandle kokugeza ngotshwala. Uma isitha sinenkani futhi siqhubeka nokuthuthuka, i-skunk evela ekusongelweni iya emsebenzini, isukume ibheke phambili, igobeke umhlane idubule isisulu esinezinhloso ezinhle. Umuthi we-skunk oily uthukuthelisa kakhulu amehlo wesitha, kwesinye isikhathi udala ubumpumputhe besikhashana.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Amakhemikhali abizwa nge-butyl mercaptan atholakala kwizithambo eziboshwe ngamehlo, zenal, skunk ezizungeze izicubu, ezigobhoza ngazo futhi zidubule ngezimbotshana ezimbalwa. I-fetid substrate yanele isibhamu esingu-5 noma esi-6, yonke imfihlo esetshenzisiwe iyabuthana futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbili.

Kuyiqiniso, izinyamazane eziningi, njengoba sezithole okungenani indiza ye-skunk, ngeke ziphinde zibuye kulesi silwane, zisikhumbule ngemibala egqamile. Kufanele ngingeze ukuthi izinyoni zisindiswa kakhulu ukungabi nalutho olubucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyaqhubeka nokuhlasela ama-skunks. Ngezitha ze-skunk, umuntu angahlukanisa nomuntu obhubhisa izilwane ngenxa yephunga labo. AmaSkunks ahlala ehlupheka ngokuhlaselwa inyamazane kuma-coops enkukhu. Abantu babulala izilwane ngoba ama-skunks avame ukuhlaselwa ngamarabi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Little Skunk

AmaSkunks asakazeka kabanzi ezindaweni zonke zaseMelika, aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi. Ungakhohlwa ngamabheji anamakha ahlala e-Indonesia. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithinta kabi usayizi wabantu be-skunk. Okokuqala, laba ngabantu ababulala ama-skunks ngamabomu ngenxa yokuncipha kwabo kwamaphunga nokubeka engcupheni amarabi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyazingelwa ama-skunks ukuze kutholakale uboya bawo, obaluleke kakhulu, kepha awusetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba iphunga lawo elibi linzima kakhulu ukususa, futhi, kaningi, akunakwenzeka.

Indoda ibhubhisa ama-skunk futhi ngokungaqondile, ibaphoqa ngaphandle kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala futhi benze imisebenzi yabo ematasa. Inani elikhulu lezilwane ziyafa emigwaqweni emikhulu. Ama-Skunks avame ukuba abathwali bezifo ezahlukahlukene (i-histoplasmosis, amarabi), ngenxa yazo uqobo oluhlupheka ngayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwabantu lingalandelelwa phakathi kwezilwane ezisencane, okungamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela asinda ngempumelelo unyaka wokuqala wokuphila.

Ngokumangazayo, naphezu kwazo zonke izici ezingezinhle, ama-skunks asesebaningi, awabhekene nokuqothulwa, futhi izilwane azidingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ezingathokozi kodwa. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lezi zilwane ezihehayo azithobeki ekukhetheni ukudla futhi zingahlala emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi neyasemadolobheni. Ungawabukeli phansi phansi amandla ezikhali zawo ezithile, ezivame ukusindisa izimpilo eziningi ze-skunk ezivela ezilwaneni ezihlaselayo ezihlukumezanayo.

Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukukufaka lokho skunk Kuletha abantu izinzuzo ezinkulu ngokudla ngamagundwane ahlukahlukene nezinambuzane ezicasulayo. Noma kunjalo, ubukeka emuhle kakhulu, emfashini futhi ehloniphekile nge-redcoco yakhe emnyama nomhlophe, futhi nomsila wakhe omfushane, onjengefeni, unezela ubuhle nobukekayo. Into emqoka ukuthi ungasabisi noma uphazamise le mod ukuze okokuphefumula okunephunga elimnandi kungangeni esifundweni.

Ukuvela kweskunk enemigqa

Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi ngamasentimitha angama-32-45, kulawa masayizi kufanelekile ukungeza ubude bomsila we-fluffy - amasentimitha ayi-18-25.

Abesifazane bacishe babe yi-10% kunabesilisa. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesilisa singamakhilogremu angama-3,6, kanti izinsikazi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-2,7. Ubukhulu be-skunk bufana nosayizi wekati elifuywayo.

Skunks saziwa njengezilwane ezikhipha iphunga elingemnandi.

Amawashi ezilwane amafushane, izilenge zigobe kancane. Izichaka emilenzeni yangaphambili mide kuneyasemilenzeni yangemuva. Izindlebe zincanyana, ukuma kwazo kuyindilinga.

Isikhumba sinoboya obukhulu futhi obumbene. Iningi loboya bumnyama. Isikhumba sihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emhlophe emibili eqala ngemuva kwekhanda futhi yelulele emuva ngemuva kuya emsileni. Lemivimbo ibanzi. Esihlalweni sezimbali kukhona nomugqa omhlophe, kodwa umncane. Amasayizi wemichilo yomuntu ngamunye ahlukile. Imichilo emnyama ehlanganisiwe nemnyama ihlangana nomsila.

AmaSkunks anezindlala ezikhethekile ezinephunga ngaphansi komsila ezikhipha uketshezi olunamafutha olunephunga elingajabulisi neze. Leli phunga liphikelela kakhulu. Ngezikhathi zengozi, i-skunk ibhula isitha sayo. Izidlamlilo zesaba kakhulu leli phunga elisindayo lokuthi ngenxa yalokhu, ama-skunks ayimigqa awanazo izitha.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-skunks antshontsha amaqanda ezinyoni.

Ukuziphatha kwe-Skunk kanye nokudla okunempilo

Ama-skunks anemigqa adla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane: izithelo, amaqabunga, utshani, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane, izihlahla zemithi, amagundane, amaphuphu kanye namaqanda enyoni. Futhi, lokhu kudla kufaka izinambuzane eziningi nezibungu zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-skunks adla i-carrion.

Izilwane zidla kusihlwa nakusihlwa. Izimbobo ezinezimbobo ezihlala ezintanjeni zihlala kwizimbobo abazakhela zona, kodwa futhi zingangena nasezinkomeni zabanye abantu. Izindlwana zabo zenziwe phakathi kwamatshe nasezivulini zamatshe.

Lalela izwi lesiketi esinemichilo

Abesilisa bahola indlela yokuphila bebodwa, futhi abesifazane bangahlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Ekwindla, ama-skunks adla emafutheni awadingayo ngesikhathi hibernation. I-hibernation yasebusika ihlala kusuka ngoDisemba kuya ku-Mashi. Ngenkathi ebusika, amanye amaduna akhasa ephuma ezingubeni.

AmaSkunks adla nokudla kwezitshalo.

Ubudlelwano nomuntu

E-USA, Italy, Great Britain, Germany naseNetherlands, lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kwamanye amazwe ase-US lokhu kwenqatshwe nguhulumeni; izikwati ezifuywayo azivamile lapho, ngenxa yobunzima bomthetho. Bathenga izikebhe ezimthende emapulazini amakhulu e-fur nasezindlini zokugcina izilwane.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo nemikhuba

Imvelo ichithe ngokucophelela izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo zezilwane ezithile. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane yokuba khona kwabo, lezi zilwane zizivumelanise nezimo zasendaweni futhi zilungele zona. Ezwenikazi laseMelika, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezihlala laphaya kwenye indawo. Enye yalezi yi-skunk.

Ama-Skunks adume kakhulu ngobunyoninco bawo: kubukeka njengesilwane esihle kakhulu futhi sikhangayo ngesigqoko esimnyama esimnyama namhlophe nomsila omuhle kakhulu, kepha uma esaba, masinyane uthulula imfihlo enephunga elimnandi kakhulu etholakala ezindongeni ze-anal ngaphansi komsila bese eguqula umhlaseli abe thula. Endle, imibala engajwayelekile yesilwane esinyisayo iyisibonakaliso sezinyamazane nezitha zemvelo, noma kunjalo, uma kumuntu othile usongo olunjalo lungwanele futhi ukufafaza imfihlo kuzobonakala kuncane, i-skunk izosebenzisa izindwani zayo ezibukhali, eziqinile ezifihliwe emaphashini okugwazwa ngokuqinile phansi, imilenze enamandla.

Okukhulu kunazo zonke ngama-skunk-skunks, isisindo sabo sifinyelela ku-4-5 kg. Emincane kakhulu ibonwa inesisindo kusuka ku-200 g kuya ku-1 kg. Okuvame kakhulu kukhona imichilo eyindilinga kanye neMexico. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu futhi ezinesitoko, ubude bazo bungafinyelela kuma-40 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila wazo ungama-20-30 cm. Isisindo sawo sisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-5 kg.

Emilenzeni ezintanjeni kukhona izigqoko ezinkulu ezibunjiweyo, ngazo ezingabamba kalula inhlabathi.

Zinoboya obude, obukhulu futhi obunzima. Kunemivimbo emhlophe ngemuva ngemuva kusuka ekhanda kuya emsileni. AmaSkunks anezindlala ngaphansi komsila okhiqiza uketshezi onephunga elibi. Lesi isikhali sakhe. Lapho i-skunk isengozini, ibuyela emuva esitheni, iphakamise umsila wayo futhi iqhume ngqo lo msakazo onukayo ngokudabukisayo ongafika kumamitha ayi-3 ngqo kwelitshe. Uma lolu ketshezi lungena emehlweni akho, isitha sizophela isikhashana, nephunga laleli ketshezi liphikelele kangangokuba ngeke lisuswe izinsuku eziningana. Yingakho ama-skunk cishe engenazitha. Yize ingaba yisisulu se-coyote noma i-cougar elambile.

Uhlala kuphi futhi uhlala kuphi?

USkunk uhlala cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika kusuka eCanada kuya eMexico. Bahlala ikakhulukazi ehlathini, bakhetha izindawo ezinamakhono abantu. Ama-Skunks ahlekisa kakhulu, adla izinduku ezincane, izinhlanzi, achithe izidleke futhi kwesinye isikhathi azideleli ukugcwala. Kepha zingadla utshani, amaqabunga, noma yiziphi izithelo namantongomane. Bahola kakhulu impilo yasebusuku. Emvelweni, ama-skunks awahlali isikhathi eside, iminyaka engama-2-3.

Ukuze ube nokuphila okuntofontofo, ama-skunks akha imigilingwane nemigodi, angahlala ekhona, lapho eke waxosha umnikazi wangaphambilini engenanhlonipho ngolunye uhlobo lwakhe, uma kunjalo, ahlangana ngamandla nosayizi. Zikhuphuka ngokuphelele izihlahla. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ama-skunks aqoqeka ngenkuthalo amasheya amakhulu wamafutha angaphansi, futhi ebusika azama ukuchitha isikhathi esengeziwe emiseleni, ekhuthele kuphela ngokuqala kokukhanya kwelanga kwentwasahlobo yokuqala. Ebusika, izilwane zithunyelwa ngamaqembu amancane nemindeni, kufaka phakathi owesilisa, owesifazana kanye namawundlu ambalwa, noma owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi.

Ama-Skunks anamehlo ampofu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu isilwane asikwazi ukubona lutho, kepha sinomqondo omuhle wephunga nokuzwa. AmaSkunk akhetha ukuthola ukudla nokuzingela ebusuku; ashiya izindawo zawo zokukhosela kusihlwa.

Ama-Skunks awathobeki ekudleni, imenyu yawo yansuku zonke ifaka izimpande ezihlukahlukene ezidliwayo, amajikijolo namakhambi, izinambuzane, ama-amphibians amancane, amaqanda enyoni, izinso, amantongomane, futhi angazideleli izinsalela zokudla komuntu. Lapho befuna izikebhe ezidliwayo, banenkani futhi banesineke: bachitha umhlaba, basakaza amaqabunga nezingcezu ezibolile zamagxolo, bazulazula bephuma emaphethelweni amadolobha, befaka imigqomo kadoti nokulahla udoti.

Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo azinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo - akulula ukuthi kudliwe i-skunk, ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwayo okungokwemvelo okuphelele. Ngisho namabhere amakhulu asaba i-stink-skunk futhi akhetha ukuhamba azungeze isiloya esinoboya, esivele isongele ukukhulisa umsila wayo bese ichofoza ngamazinyo abukhali, anjenge-razor. Kunezikhathi lapho ama-skunks aba yisisulu sezimpungushe, izicubu ezinkulu kanye namapholoyizi, kepha kuyaqabukela. Ngokuvamile ama-skunks athungathwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama, ezaziwa ngomqondo wazo obuthakathaka wephunga.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, owesilisa ongowokuzalwa angakwazi ukuqoqa ihhashi labesifazane abaningi; kulo lonke unyaka, ama-skunks, ikakhulukazi, awashadile futhi awanakho ukuzijabulisa kakhulu, ngisho nangomunye nomunye. Imidlalo yokuhlobisa iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi maphakathi nehlobo, ngemuva kokukhulelwa okufishane, insikazi iletha inzalo: isuka kumathole ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Ama-skunks asanda kuzalwa azalwe eyimpumputhe futhi ancike kakhulu kunina, inyanga nenyanga adla ubisi kuphela, futhi emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuzalwa, amehlo abo aqala ukuvula kancane. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha, zikhule futhi ziqine, futhi ezinyangeni ezine zingaba nengozi enkulu 'yephunga' lokuphazamisa ukuthula kwabo.

Amawundlu amaSkunk ahlala nonina isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili amehlo abo evulekile. Amlandela ngokungaphezi, efunda ukuzenzela imali futhi azivikele ezitheni.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

AmaSkunks ahlala ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotope - womabili amahlathi nezikhala ezivulekile, kufaka phakathi ugwadule, kuyilapho akugwema ukusondela komuntu. Ubuningi obukhulu bezintambo eziqoshwe emhlabathini baqoshwa emhlabeni wezolimo (ama-skunks ayi-13 ngamahektha angama-259). Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, ngesikhathi sobusika hibernation kuphela lapho abesifazane bangakha amaqembu abantu abaningana. AmaSkunks ahamba ayozingela kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Babhukuda kahle, kepha bagibela izihlahla kabi.

Ama-skunks anemigqa awesabekayo, kepha aze afike kuma-70% okudla kwawo izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-skunks adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (ama-voles, ama-hamsters, onogwaja), amaqanda wezinyoni namachwane, inhlanzi, izidalwa eziphakeme kanye nenani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo - utshani, amaqabunga, ama-buds, izithelo, okusanhlamvu namantongomane, kanye ne-carrion.

Ekwindla, ama-skunks adla futhi abe namafutha amaningi. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, bagcwala ubusika ngenkathi ebandayo. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, i-skunk iqala ukuqoqa izinto ezibonakalayo (utshani obomile namaqabunga) esidlekeni sasebusika, kuthi ekuqaleni kukaDisemba kulele. Isiphephelo sasebusika se-skunk siyimibhobho nanoma yiziphi izindawo ezomile nezithile. Imvamisa uhlala emgodini wesinye isilwane esincane, isikhathi esiningi akazikha ngokwakhe. Abesifazane bavame ukuhlangana ebusika emaceleni emaqenjini abantu abangafika kwabayisithupha ngamawundlu, kwesinye isikhathi abasiki besilisa kanye nabo, kepha abesilisa bavame ukuba nezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukile. Izinsikazi namawundlu akuvamile ukuvuka ngaphambi kokuphela kukaMashi, kodwa izinsikazi ezindala ziyasebenza phakathi kwamakhaza ebusika.

I-skunk inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, kwesinye isikhathi iba yinyamazane, i-coyote noma inja. Uma iphazanyiswa yi-skunk skunk, ayikaze ibaleke, kepha njengesixwayiso ikhombisa ukuma okuzivikelayo: ngokunyakaza okubukhali, ukugoba umhlane wayo, ukuphakamisa kanye nokufafaza umsila wayo, ishaya amazinyo ayo kakhulu. Imvamisa, isitha sibuyela emuva, kepha uma kungenjalo, i-skunk ijikisa isitha, iphonsa umsila wayo emhlane bese ifafaza i-sphincter ifafaza kuyo imfihlo yezindlala ze-anal, imane ishaye ilitshe (imvamisa ekhanda) ukusuka ebangeni lamamitha ayi-2-3. Imfihlo inephunga elihlasimulisayo futhi idla ngokweqile: ukungena kolwelwesi lwe-mucous iso, kubangela umuzwa ovuthayo futhi ubumpumputhe besikhashana. Ngenxa yalokhu, umphikisi ongemuhle amahora amaningi uzama ukuhlanza amehlo akhe, impumulo nomlomo, nephunga elibi ligcinwa ebhokisini lakhe amasonto ambalwa. Ukusebenza kokuvikelwa okunjalo kuphakeme kakhulu, kanti izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlukumezayo akuvamile ukuzingela ama-skunks. Izitha eziyinhloko zama-skunks yizinyoni ezidla inyama - isikhova uVirginian (Bubo virginianus) ne-buzzard ebomvu-enomsila (Buteo jamaicensis) .

Tised, lezi zilwane zibonakaliswa ukuthokozela, nobungane.

Ahlala kuphi ama-skunks?

Ama-Skunks ajwayelekile kulo lonke elaseNyakatho, eMaphakathi naseNingizimu Melika, awahlali enyakatho yeCanada kuphela.Izilwane zihlala kuma-biotypes ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kepha izindawo ezithandayo ziyindawo enamatshe nemiphetho eduze kwemifula. Ama-Skunks nawo azizwa ekhululekile emadolobheni asondelene nalapha, ngoba ungahlala uthola ukudla nendawo yokukhosela lapha. Emini, ama-skunk amadolobha ahlala emapayipini nasezingaphansi zezindlu, futhi ebusuku alahla amathini nokulahlwa.

Izinhlobo nezithombe zama-skunks

Ngokwakheka kwazo, ama-skunks anokuma okuphakathi nendawo phakathi kwamabheji namajikijolo. Umzimba uqinile, imilenze imfishane ngemikhono emide, esetshenziswa yizilwane ekhipha ukudla kanye nasekwakhiweni kwemisele.

Esithombeni, ama-skunks eduze nomgodi.

Ubude bomzimba wama-skunks bubalelwa ku-35-43 cm, kanye nomsila we-fluffy 17-30 cm ubude.

Zonke izilwane zipendiwe zimnyama futhi zimhlophe, kanti umbala ungahluka hhayi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa nakubantu bohlobo olufanayo.

Ngokusho kokuqagela okuhlukahlukene, kunezinhlobo eziyi-10-13 zezinkunku emhlabeni.

Imicu yeskunk

IStriped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) yilungu lomndeni elivame kakhulu. Uhlala eningizimu yeCanada, enkabeni nasenyakatho ye-United States, enyakatho neMexico. Imvamisa, i-skunk enemigqa ihlala emadolobheni amancane namadolobha. Ihlela izindawo zokukhosela emiseleni nakwizindlu ezingaphansi kwezindlu. Umbala wejazi umnyama ngemigqa emhlophe echezukelayo ngemuva, ekhanda kukhona ibala elimhlophe kanye nomucu omhlophe.

I-skunk yaseMexico

I-skunk yaseMexico (iMephitis macroura) yincane kunawo wonke ama-skunk. Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, ihlala emadwaleni nasezinkangala. Uboya bungaba mnyama ngomhlane omhlophe ngokuphelele, omnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe emincane zombili izinhlangothi zombili zangemuva, noma ukuhlanganisa ukukhetha kombala wokuqala nowesibili.

Ama-Skunks Agcwele

Uhlobo Spilogale luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-3:

• i-skunk encane (S. Gracilis). Kuthunyelwe kusuka enkabeni ye-US kuye empumalanga yeMexico,
• ibonwe skunk S.Putorius. Ukuphila eningizimu-mpumalanga nasenkabeni ye-US kuya eMexico,
• iskunk emfushane (S. pugmea). Ihlala entshonalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neMexico.

Esithombeni esingezansi, i-skunk encane (S. Gracilis).

Onke ama-skunk abonwe angamaxoxo amahle we-dart. Bahlela izindawo zokukhosela phakathi kwamatshe, kwizimbobo, nangamakamelo ezindlini. Ijazi lithambile kunezinye izinhlobo. Umbala umnyama, unemibala emhlophe engu-4-6.

Izingulube Zezingulube

Uhlobo lweConepatus luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-5:

• ingulube skunk C.mesoleucus. Kutholakala eningizimu ye-USA naseNicaragua,
• I-Easternkun Skunk C.leuconotus. Ukuphila eTexas naseMexico
• isigamu-skunk C.semistriatus skunk. Ihlala eningizimu yeMexico, enyakatho yePeru, eBrazil,
• I-Skunk C.chinga yaseNingizimu Melika. Ukuphila e-Argentina, Bolivia, eChile, ePeru, eParaguay,
• Humboldt Skunk C.humboldii. Kutholakala eChile naseArgentina.

Izingulube-skunks ikakhulukazi zithanda indawo enolaka, izindawo zokukhosela zihlela ngemisele futhi phakathi kwamatshe. Ijazi limnyama, linomucu omhlophe obanzi emuva, umsila umhlophe. Akukho umugqa omhlophe ekhanda. Ikhala libanzi futhi alinalutho, likhumbula kahle ingulube.

I-Skunk Smell - Isikhali Sokuhamba Kwamakhemikhali

Iphunga lasendle, enyanyekayo elikhutshwa ngama-skunks lithukuthelisa ngisho nekhala elincanyana lomuntu. Kepha ezilwaneni uqobo, lesi yisikhali esinamandla ngokumelene nezitha, isiqinisekiso sokuphepha kwazo.

AmaSkunk angenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa ezivikelwe amakhemikhali. Ekuqaleni, i-skunk ixwayisa isitha: ithatha indawo esongelayo, iphakamisa umsila wayo, igcizelele izinyawo zayo, imisindo, iphakamile ngaphambili kwayo futhi ilingise "ukudubula" okungamanga, okungukuthi. inika isitha lonke ithuba lokugwema ukuthatha ishawa kusuka kwokeyidi olunephunga elimnandi. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi futhi isitha siqhubeka nokukhubekisa, lesi silwane sikhuphuka emahlombe aso angaphambili, sibambe umhlane waso nge-arc bese sifafaza umfula onoshevu esitheni ngokusebenzisa ikhanda, umane ushaye ilitshe usuka kude ngamamitha amathathu. Ngenxa yalokhu kuqondisa, i-skunk ayikaze ijike umhlaseli wayo. Umuthi onamafutha ubangela ukucasuka okukhulu kwamehlo kohlukumezekile, futhi ngokuxhumana okunembile kwamehlo, ngisho nokungaboni okwesikhashana kungenzeka.

I-Butyl mercaptan iyinto esemqoka kuzikhali zamakhemikhali ze-skunk. Iqongelela emithanjeni emibili etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-anus. Lezi zindlala zizungezwe yimisipha edubula imfihlo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezimbili ezincane. Uketshezi olunephunga elisezithanjeni luhlala ngokudubula okungu-5-6, leli nani liziqongelela cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili.

Ngabe ama-skunks ahlala kanjani endle?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-skunks ayakwazi ukumba umhlaba ngokuphelele, imisele ngokuvamile ihlwaya ukukhetha abangabazi.

Emabeleni, izilwane ziphumula, zisinda ebusika, zizala amazinyane futhi zikhulise. AmaSkunks asebenza ebumnyameni, akhethwa kwizimbobo zawo lapho kuqala ukuba mnyama.

Onke amalungu omndeni angamashuni amahle kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla kwabo ngamagundane nezinambuzane, futhi okumnandi kakhulu yizibungu nezibungu ezihlala emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile, ama-skunks angama-omnivores. Badla izinhlanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, amaqanda ezinyoni, izithelo, imbewu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ngeke bawashiye amaxoxo, amasalamanders, izinyoka, ngisho u-carrion noma udoti. Bathola inyamazane ngomsindo noma ngephunga, ngoba awukwazi ukubala ngombono - akuthuthukanga kahle. Ukuze usinde ebusika futhi uqhubeke nomjaho entwasahlobo, ngokuwa, i-skunk kufanele iphindwe kabili ngobuningi bayo.

AmaSkunks akhetha ukuhlala yedwa isikhathi esingangonyaka, futhi enyakatho kuphela amaqembu lapho afinyelela ubusika obuyi-20 ebusika ngemisele evamile. Imvamisa iqembu liqukethe owesilisa oyedwa osekhulile nabesifazane abaningi. Izilwane zilala cishe izinyanga ezine. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, "imishado" iqala, bese kuthi uma sebeganile, izilwane ziphinde zibuyele kwodwa.

Ama -kunkunle avundile impela: kwilitha elilodwa kungafinyelela amawundlu angaba yishumi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, inzalo iyavela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amawundlu ahlala nonina, kuthi emva kwalokho aguqukele empilweni ezimele. Abesilisa abanandaba nezingane, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi babulala amawundlu.

Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, umuntu ngamunye wesifazane uhlala endaweni eyi-2-4 km2 ngosayizi, odlula kakhulu izikhala zabanye besifazane. Iziza zamadoda zifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-20 km2 futhi ziyadlula.

Ama-Skunks athwala amarabi. Imvamisa bahlela izindawo zokukhosela ebusika eduze kwezakhiwo zasemapulazini, ezikhulisa ubungozi bokutheleleka kwezifo ezifuywayo. Kungenxa yokusongelwa kwesifo esibulalayo emazweni amaningi aseMelika ukuthi umthetho wenqabela ukugcina amashuni ekhaya.

Izinja, izimpungushe, amabhulukwe, izikhova kanye nezikhova ezikhozi ngokuvamile azihambi ingozi yokuhlasela ama-skunks ngokwesaba ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, kukholakala ukuthi ngenxa yokudubula nobuthi ngubuthi obusezandleni zabantu, kuze kube ngama-50% azo zonke izilwane ezizalwa zifa minyaka yonke. Iningi lazo lifa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ingxenye encane kakhulu yama-skunks emvelweni ihlala iminyaka emithathu.

Izinhlobo zama-Skunks

Ama-skunks ayalingana ngesakhiwo kuma-badger namawele we-steppe. Baphinde babe nomzimba ominyene nemilenze emifushane. Sekukonke, cishe zinhlobo eziyi-13 zama-skunks ahlukanisiwe.

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Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

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I-skunk echithiwe

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Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu zokubhaliswa: i-skunk encane, i-skunk ebonakalayo ne-skunk emincane. Bahlukaniswa yindawo yabo yokuhlala. Ukusakazwa okuncane kwasakazeka kusuka enkabeni ye-USA kuya empumalanga yeMexico. Ama-skunks ahlukanisiwe agcwele empumalanga nasenkabeni ye-United States. Ama-skunks ama-dwarf ahlala esifundeni esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga neMexico. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa yikhono lazo lokugibela izihlahla. Bamisa okokukhosela kwabo phakathi kwamatshe, ngemibhede nangaphansi. Bahlukaniswa ngejazi elithambile nombala omnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe eminingana.

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Incazelo ejwayelekile

AmaSkunks anikezwa ngombala obonakalayo ngendlela yokushintshana ngemichilo emhlophe ngemuva ngemuva okumnyama. Kunomehluko omncane ngombala ngokuya ngezinhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo. Le ndlela yokulingisa isebenza njengovikela umsebenzi wabo.

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Ngobukhulu bawo, ama-skunks angafinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-17 kuye kwangama-30 ubude bomzimba futhi anesisindo esisebangeni le-0,2 kuye ku-1 kilog, ngaphandle kwama-brown-skunk skunks.

Isici esaziwa kakhulu salaba bameleli izinhlayiya zabo ezinephunga elimnandi, ezikhiqiza futhi ziveze iphunga eliqhubekayo elingajabulisi. Bayakwazi ukujova lolu ketshezi luze lungamamitha ayi-6.

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Onke ama-skunks anomzimba oqinile nomsila we-fluffy kakhulu. Izingalo zimfushane futhi zikhule kahle. Emaphethelweni kukhona uzipho olubukhali olusiza ukumba umgodi wokwakhiwa kwezimbobo.

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Isikhathi sokuzala

I-Autumn kuma-skunks iphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lokhu kuvame ukuqala ngoSepthemba. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa. Izilwane ngokwazo zibonakaliswa ngokuziphatha isithembu. Owesilisa oyedwa angaba nabesifazane abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa akabandakanywa emfundweni yenzalo.

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Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-31. Abesifazane babonakala nge-embryonic diapause, lapho kukhona ukubambezeleka kokunamathiselwe kombungu ezindongeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa ama-skunks amancane amathathu kuya kwayi-10, anesisindo sama-gramu ayi-22 kuphela. Babonakala beyizimpumputhe ngokuphelele futhi beyisithulu. Babonwa kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Eseneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, aqala ukudubula ngoketshezi lwawo olunuka kabi. Izinyanga ezimbili, izinsikazi zondla inzalo yazo ngentshiseko, emva kwalokho ifunda ukuzimela ngokuzimela izitholele ukudla kwayo. Owesifazane uchitha ubusika bokuqala ngamawundlu. Ngemuva kwalokho bakulungele ngokuphelele ukuzimela futhi bangashiya insimu kanina.

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Izitha

Ama-Skunks empeleni awabandakanyi ochungechungeni lokudla lwezinye izilwane ngenxa yekhono lazo lokukhiqiza imfihlo enephunga elimazayo esabisa abaningi abazingelayo. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezidla ezinye njenge-lynx, fox, coyote, kanye ne-badger zingahlasela ama-skunks abuthakathaka.

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Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-skunk ixwayisa abaphikisi bayo, ukuthatha indawo esongelayo, iphakamisa umsila wayo futhi inyathele izinyawo zayo. Uma isilwane esiyingozi singasuki lapho, khona-ke siqala ukukhala, sime emilenzeni yaso yangaphambili size sidlale okungelona iqiniso. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sinikeza izilwane ezidla izitha ithuba lokugwema izihlakala. Uma lokhu kungasebenzi, khona-ke i-skunk igoba umhlane wayo bese ifafaza imfihlo yayo ngaphezulu kwekhanda kuya esilwaneni esiyingozi. Uma igwinyiwe, lo muthi ungadala ukungaboni okwesikhashana.

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Ukwakheka kwento efakiwe kuqukethe i-butyl mercaptan. Iqongelela isikhathi eside kwizindlala ze-anus. Njengomthetho, lolu ketshezi lukwanele isibhamu ayi-6. Ukuvuselela kuzothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.

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Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-skunks angabathwali abaphambili bezifo eziningi namagciwane. Ikakhulu, zifaka isifo esibizwa nge-histoplasmosis. Futhi phakathi kwamarabi ama-skunks kuvame ukutholakala.

Isitha esibaluleke kakhulu salezi zilwane ezinhle umuntu. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukubhubhisa ama-skunk ngenxa yephunga abalisakazayo. Kukhona futhi amacala lapho ama-skunks angahlasela izinkukhu. Ama-skunks amaningi ayafa emgaqweni noma ngenkathi edla ukudla okufulelwe ubuthi ngaphambili.

Okwenziwe Homemade

Muva nje, abaningi bagcina ama-skunks njengezilwane ezifuywayo, njengoba bebekade besusa izinduna zangasese ezifihla imfihlo emnandi. Kepha abanye abanini abakunaki lokhu futhi bashiya i-skunk “nesikhali” sakhe. Ekhaya, ama-skunks angaphila iminyaka engu-5-6. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifundazwe zase-U.S., Ukugcina ama-skunks njengezilwane ezifuywayo akuvunyelwe ngumthetho ngoba abakholelwa ku-skunks bathwala ukuthi bangabaphethe amarabi.

Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi i-skunk ayinakuba isilwane! Lesi isilwane esinemvelo enhle nenomdlandla, ngaphezu kwalokho, sinomlingiswa oguquguqukayo kakhulu. Uma amakati noma izinja ezifuywayo kwesinye isikhathi zingakhombisa isimilo sazo, inja ingahlafuna ezicathulweni, ifenisha esekati lekati, khona-ke i-skunk ayisoze yakwenza. AmaSkunks athembeke kakhulu futhi anothando. Azikhubekisi ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo nezingane ezincane. Imvamisa kwenzeka okuphambene. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi isilwane asilimalanga ngesikhathi somdlalo.

Fundisa isilwane ngezandla kusuka emaminithini okuqala omhlangano. Ngakho-ke ufundisa isilwane ukwethemba. AbakwaSkunks abasoze baluma inkosi yabo. Bayasabela othandweni nasothandweni lapho bedlala nabo. Ngemidlalo, thenga amathoyizi ezitolo zezilwane. Zonke izinhlobo zamabhola, amagundane amakhulu nezinti zizokwenzani. Zama ukukhetha ithoyizi eliphakathi nendawo enezingxenye ezincane ukuze i-skunk ingakuluma noma idle noma yini. I-skunk idinga ikheji lapho ingazizwa iphephile. Ungasiphazamisi isilwane ngesikhathi sokulala nokuphumula. Ungakhohlwa ukubeka indawo yotshani obomile emgodini wezilwane ukuze isilwane singene kuso. Shiya ikheji livulekile ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka endlini. Awungeke wesabe izitshalo zasekhaya noma ifenisha - ama-skunks awakaze alimaze lutho, kepha angakwazi ukuyihambisa. Uyomangala ukuthi zilunge kangakanani izilwane.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-skunk isilwane sasebusuku. Uma ungafuni ukuthi akuvuse ebusuku uzodlala, bese uvala umnyango wekamelo. Isilwane uqobo siyakwazi ukuzijabulisa ngamathoyizi. Musa ukuqeqesha isilwane ukuba silale ebusuku. Yena uqobo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzokwakhiwa kabusha enkambisweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ama-Skunks adinga ubuhlalu obukhulu hhayi ukuvikela, kodwa ukudla. Azihliki ndawo zonke, njengamakati. Ukuze ungabangeli ukuphazamiseka kwezilwane okungadingekile, gawula izigqoko kanye ngesonto ngezingodo ze-manicure. Inqubo ayinabuhlungu ngokuphelele esilwaneni.

Khumbula ukuthi endle ebusika, ama-skunks hibernate. Ekhaya, lokhu akwenzeki, kepha isilwane sidinga isikhathi esithe xaxa sokulala nokudla okuncane. Ukudla kwe-skunk kuqukethe izinambuzane nezimpande zezitshalo, okunzima impela ukukunikeza. Yondla ifilimu yakho yenkukhu ebilisiwe, imifino, izithelo ezomisiwe kanye nembewu. AmaSkunks ayawathanda kakhulu amabele namajikijolo. Panda isilwane sakho! Uma ungenasikhathi sokupheka, khona-ke i-skunk iyokujabulela ukudla ukudla kwenja eyomile. Kodwa ukwenza ukudla okuvela ekudleni okusheshayo kukodwa akusifanele. Baholela ekuthuthukiseni i-urolithiasis.

Ama -kunje awadingi noma yikuphi ukugoma okukhethekile. Ungathola imigomo yezinja ngokwecebo elijwayelekile. Kabili ngonyaka, kufanelekile ukunikeza amalungiselelo e-helminth, noma ngabe isilwane asihambi. Ukuhambela i-skunk kucindezela kakhulu. Lapho izinduna zazo zisuswa, azikwazi ukuzivikela emakati nasezinjeni ngendlela ezijwayele ngayo. Uma udinga ukuthutha isilwane, bese usenza ekheyini lamakati. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinamahloni kakhulu.

Ungaqali indlu ye-skunk engaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Ukulima kungathatha isikhathi esiningi. Isilwane esidala esasihlala endle siqaphela abantu. Ngeke ukwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo obunokwethemba naye. Abantu abasha, kunalokho, bathambekele kalula futhi baqeqeshiwe. Bazokwazi ukwenza umkhankaso omuhle kakhulu wokubuthana kwasekhaya nemidlalo. Ama-Skunks awona neze ulaka futhi anomusa kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuhle ukukukhumbula lokhu lapho umeme izivakashi. Isilwane singasatshiswa kakhulu yimisindo enkulu nobuso obungajwayelekile, lapho-ke siwela ubuthongo nokuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ngesimo sokucophelela, uzoba nesilwane esincane esihle nenomusa endlini, sithokozisa abendlu.

Inani lomuntu

Ama-Skunks aletha inzuzo enkulu kwezolimo ngokudla izinambuzane (ibhungane lembala yamazambane, i-isikhonyane, njll.) Kanye namagundane.

Kwesinye isikhathi zidla izaqathe emasimini bese zonakalisa amaqanda enkukhu, kepha akuvamile ngokwanele. Izinyosi nazo zidla ema apiaries.

Ama-Skunks abeka ingozi enkulu njengabathwali bamarabi, isifo se-carnivore ne-tularemia, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi ama-skunks angavunyelwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo emazweni amaningi aseMelika.

Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakudotshwa izimbobo eziyimichilo emapulazini obuboya, lapho besususe amabala ansundu, kepha njengamanje uboya bawo abufuneki. Ngo-1933-1939kwenziwa imizamo engaphumelelanga e-USSR ukwethula i-skunk njengesilwane esizala ubhiya - eVoronezh Reserve, esiQondweni sasePetrov ePrimorsky Territory, eSifundeni saseKharkiv, e-Kirghiz nase-Azerbaijan SSR, naseDagestan ASSR. Ngaphandle kokudabukela emlandweni othile wesilwane, ochwepheshe bakhipha ama-skunks emapulazini e-fur anephunga elimnandi asusiwe emahlathini, kodwa esikhathini esifushane zonke izilwane ezikhululiwe, ezazincishwe izindlela zazo eziyinhloko zokuvikela, zawa izisulu zalapha.

Ngokusho kobufakazi besazi sezilwane u-P. A. Manteifel, amaphutha abhekwe nawo, kwathi ngokulandelayo akhululwa ama-skunks enezindlala ezingagudluki. Kodwa-ke, izitha ezinkulu zababhubhisa ngokushesha. Ngesinye isikhathi, phambi kwamehlo akhe, ibhele lashayisa i-skunk nge-paw yayo, ngemuva kwalokho yabhonga isikhathi eside futhi yagoqa emhlabathini, ihlushwa iphunga le-skunk. Mhlawumbe ibhele likhumbule lesi sifundo, kepha alisizanga i-skunk [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-3195 ] .