Ikati lepampas
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

• I-Oncifelis colocolo
• I-Lynchailurus colocolo

Ikati lepampas (lat. Leopardus colocolo) - isilwane esidla izambane likapondo somndeni wekati. Kwesinye isikhathi ikati lephasi libizwa nangokuthi i-subspecies, okuthi kwezinye i-taxonomy kubhekwe njengento ehlukile Leopardus pajeros. Le yinhlobo efundwe kabi kakhulu, imikhuba yokuzingela engasafundwa kabi.

Igama lekati - insimbi - linikeze igama umholi waseNdiya wabantu bakwaMapuche uColocolo.

Incazelo

Kutholakala emathafeni otshani aseNingizimu Melika (iArgentina, iBolivia, iBrazil, iChile, i-Ecuador, iParaguay, iPeru, i-Uruguay), phakathi kwezihlahlana, amahlathi akhanyayo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni ezishisayo zezikhukhula zaseBrazil nasezindaweni eziwugwadule zasePatagonia. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Andes, yize le nhlobo yabonwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-5,000, amarekhodi amaningi ahlobene nokuphakama okuphansi.

Umzimba wekati minyene, imilenze yakhona imfushane, nekhanda lakhe likhulu. Ijazi lingama-shaggy ama-coarse, anemibala ephuzi ngombala, onamabala ansundu noma otshani ophuzi. Eduzane kwe-ridge, izinwele zakha uhlobo lwe-mane, ezintanjeni ezi-brown-brown red. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buba ngu-76 cm, umsila ungama-25 cm, isisindo sekati singama-8 - 11.5 kg, isilinganiso esingu-9 kg.

Ikati le-pampas lidla ngamagundane, izinyoni kanye nezibungu kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngokuyinhloko ungumzingeli wobusuku, kepha wayevame ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokuzingela nangesikhathi sasemini.

Sekukonke, kuchazwe imininingwane eyisikhombisa yalesi silwane.

Isikhathi sokuphila: iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweli-12 uhlala ekudingisweni, iminyaka eyi-16 ephezulu.

Incazelo

Le ndlwana encane edumile yaseNingizimu Melika ibukeka njengekati elikhulu lasekhaya, elinesihlakala esibanzi, amehlo ane-amber nezindlebe ezikhonjiwe ezihlukile ngombala omnyama noma ompunga ngaphandle, inendawo yesiliva grey phakathi nendawo. Ukusuka ngamehlo ukuya esihlathini kunemivimbo emibili ebonakalayo futhi emaphethelweni entanyeni. Umbala, iphethini, nokuthungwa kwengubo yekati kuya ngendawo yokuhlala yayo. Umbala wejazi usukela ku-brownish white and brownish brown to silver grey. Uboya bungathamba, bufushane ngephethini ekhanyayo, noma ende, ibe lukhuni futhi bube ngaphandle kwamamaki wokukhonjwa. Eqinisweni, lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwendawo kumenyezelwa kakhulu kangangokuba kwahlongozwa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo lezi zinhlobo zibe yizinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukile. Izifundo zofuzo njengamanje ziyaqhubeka ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini. Ngokuvamile, izinyawo zangaphambili nezangemuva zinemivimbo e nsundu ehlukile. Emsileni oqinile futhi omude kukhona izindandatho ezingabonakali nsundu noma ezimnyama. Izinwele ezinde ngemuva, zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayisikhombisa, futhi "ziphele" lapho ikati linovalo noma lishaqekile, kudala ukubukeka ukuthi likhulu kakhulu kunokuba linjalo empeleni.

Izici zomzimba

Ezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Andes, ijazi limpunga, linemivimbo ebomvu ephukile yaba amabala. E-Argentina, izinwele zekati ngokuvamile zinde futhi zinombala onsundu ngephethini ehlanganisiwe. Uboya obude futhi buphawulwa ngabantu baseBrazil; ubomvu ngombala ngemivimbo emnyama.

Ubude bomzimba, ngokubheka inhloko, bungama-435-700 mm, ubude bomsila bungama-220-322 mm, futhi ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungama-300-350 mm. Isisindo esijwayelekile siyahluka phakathi kuka-3-7 kg.

Amakati wepampas abizwa ngephutha ngokuthi amakati ka-Andean (Leopardus jacobita)nabo bahlala ema-Andes.

Indawo

Amakati wepampas Leopardus colocoloube nendawo yokuhlala ebanzi. Eqinisweni, ububanzi bawo bukhulu ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye amakati aseNingizimu Melika. Zitholakala emithambekeni yamahlathi e-Andes e-Ecuador, ePeru naseBolivia, emahlathini aseChile, esifundeni saseChaco, ezindaweni ezivulekile zesikhwama sehlathi sezindawo eziphakathi nendawo, ezisentshonalanga, ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga naseningizimu yeBrazil, amaphephabhuku e-Argentina nase-Uruguay, kanye naseningizimu yePatagonia. Amakati wepampas abonwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4800.

Ukuzala

Isistimu yokuzalela nokuziphatha kwalesi silwane endle akwaziwa. Ekudingisweni, endaweni esenyakatho, ukukhula komkhumbi kwenzeka kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa (ukukhulelwa) sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-80 kuye kwezingama-85, sisuka kuzingane ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3 kuzalwa udoti. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, insikazi inikeza izingane ubisi. Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwabesifazane kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka eyi-2.

Umsoco

Amakati wepampas adla izinyamazane ezincane ezinjengamagundane amancane nezingulube ze-Guinea. Ukudla kwabo futhi kuqukethe amaqanda namachwane ezinyoni zomhlaba. Njengomthetho, bazingela ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube semini. Amakati angabagibeli abahle kakhulu, noma kungacaci ukuthi basebenzise leli khono ngokwazi noma ngosizo lwalo bayazivikela ezingozini.

Ukuziphatha

Amakati ale nhlobo ahlala ebusuku kakhulu. Kumuntu wasendle, umsebenzi wawuphawulwa usuku lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi owesilisa wepaki yezilwane yaseGoan (eBrazil), wakhuphuka izihlahla kahle futhi wasebenzisa isikhathi esiningi ephumula eziqongweni zazo. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngesakhiwo senhlalo nokuxhumeka kwamakati wePampass. Lapho bejabule, kubantu ababehlala ekuthunjweni, kwakukhona ukunyuka kwezinwele emaphakathi nendawo kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni.

Isimo sokuphepha

Amakati wepampas abhalwe ku-Appendix II ye-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), okusho ukuthi ukuhweba kwalolu hlobo manje kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile. Ukuzingela ikati le-Pampas kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele e-Argentina, eBolivia, eChile naseParaguay, futhi kulawulwa ePeru, kepha eBrazil nase-Ecuador umthetho awuvikeli lezi zilwane. Imisebenzi yokulondolozwa ifaka ukukhonjwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nocwaningo ngokuziphatha, kwemvelo nokusatshalaliswa kwezilwane.

Izici zokubonakala

Ukuswakama nokuhlaba umxhwele - la ma-epithets achaza ukubonakala kwekati elingaboni ngendlela encomekayo, okubonakala sengathi, kuze kube yilapho esegugile impela efana ne kitten enhle ne-fluffy. Ukuzala ikati likaPampassa kunezimpawu zangaphandle ezilandelayo:

1. Ikhanda - Kuyindilinga ngesimo, kukhulu futhi kubanzi ngebunzi le-convex nokugqamile.
2. Impumulo - Inobukhulu obukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi bubonakala buhle ebusweni.
3. Izindlebe - Unxantathu, ubekwe kakhulu. Ulayini ohlukile uhlangana nomphetho wejazi lezindlebe.
4. Amehlo - ubukhulu obuphakathi, abafundi bahlelwe ngokuqondile.
5. Torso - kufika ku-75 cm ubude, isisindo abadala kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 kg, abesilisa banzima kakhulu kunabesifazane.
6. Amawashi -Imisipha futhi imfushane kahle (uma uyiqhathanisa nabanye abameleli be-feline), izinyawo - ububanzi, izilevu - iyaphindeka.
7. Umsila -inobude obungu-25 cm.
8. Wool - iminyene kakhulu, ubude be-villi buba cm 7. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ijazi lingaba nombala ohlukile.

Iningi labamele lo mfuzo linombala onsomi nge-brownish tint. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abane-tint ebomvu yoboya, futhi amakati wePampass atholakala njalo, izinwele zawo ezinombala omnyama ocebile, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngaphandle komthetho.

Isibalo sesilwane sihle kakhulu, umlomo waso unesimo esiyingqayizivele esifana nokumamatheka. Kepha umusa onjalo uyakhohlisa kakhulu - lesi silwane asikubekezeleli ukuxhumana nabantu esingabazi, sibonisa ngayo yonke ukubukeka kwaso ukuthi sizophatha ngobudlova uma ubumfihlo baso buvinjelwe.

Habitat

Ikati likaPampassa ligcwele insimu ye-Ecuador, Peru, neChile. Izinwele zalaba bantu abahlukumezayo zinombala ogcwele kahle, amabala amaningi anemibala ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene angena emzimbeni. Amasongo amnyama agijimela emsileni.

Amakati asendle, akhethe iChile neBolivia njengendawo yokuhlala yazo, ahlukaniswa yi-pallor of color, amabala nawo asemzimbeni, kepha avezwa buthaka. Kepha izakhamuzi zasendle zalezi zindawo zihlukaniswa ngemicu ekhanyayo yombala omnyama emikhondweni yazo yangaphambili.

Izici Zasendle Nokuzingela

Abamele yohlobo lwePampass bahlukaniswa ngezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zokubuka okubonakalayo nezici ezibonakalayo.

Umbono wabo ufinyelela ubukhali bawo obuphakeme ngesikhathi sobumnyama obuphakathi, lapho izilwane ziya ukuzingela. Ikati liyaguga futhi liyavumelana nezimo, akunzima kuye ukukhuphuka amagatsha aphuliwe ezihlahla ezinde.

Ukuze athole indawo yokuhlala nokuphumula, amakati akhetha imisele emadwaleni, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba, nawo azizwa ekhululekile ezihlahleni ezinamagatsha amade namaqabunga acekeceke. Umuntu munye ngamunye unensimu yakhe uqobo, elinganiselwa ku-30 ​​km 2. Ikati libonisa indawo okuhlalwa kuyo, linisela utshani ngamaconsi omchamo.

Uma ikati lePampass lizizwa liyingozi futhi lisongela impilo yalo, izinwele zalo ziqala ukuma ekugcineni, isilwane siphenduka "ibhola" eliqhubekayo. Ikati lincamela ukungangeni ekulweni nokuvuleleka kwezitha, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi eziyingozi enkulu lihlala esihlahleni eside. Uma bezingekho amagatsha aphezulu eduze, ikati ligcinwa iqiniso lokuthi lingagijima ngokushesha.

Isilwane sizingela nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, kepha sithanda ubusuku. Ngenxa yomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wezitho zombono, ikati lilandelela kalula isisulu ekuvukeni nasekuhogelweni. Umzingeli we-fluffy ubamba isisulu esikhethiwe ngokugxuma okukhulu okuningi, amamitha ambalwa ubude. Ngokungafani namakhethini amaningi, lo mzala wasePampassian wethulwa ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi eside kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, wakhetha ukumthola wambopha phansi, wamqinisa intamo ngamazinyo.

Uma ubuka ikati isikhathi eside, uthola umbono wokuthi ligcwele futhi linemilenze emifushane, lingabonakala njengomzingeli omuhle kakhulu. Kepha lokhu kuzalaniswa kubhekwe phakathi kwamakati amanye aphakathi nendawo okuyiwo azingela kangcono. Isilwane sihlasela umgomo waso ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha kangangokuba asinaso isikhathi sokuqonda noma yini.

Okwenzeka emaqeleni aseNingizimu Melika

Umpristi uJuan Ignacio Molina waqala wakhuluma ngekati yasendle elihlala kude elihlala ezihlahleni emadwaleni ama-Andes. Waphoqeleka ukuthuthela e-Italy, lapho ngonyaka we-1782 washicilela incwadi ekhuluma ngezitshalo nezilwane zezwe lakubo, "i-Essay on the Natural History of Chile." Usosayensi unqume ukubiza izakhamizi zakuleli pheshana ngokuthi "insimbi", okusho ukuthi ngolimi lwamaNdiya ama-Araucans lisho "ikati lasezintabeni". Leli gama laphathwa umholi onesibindi wesizwe sendawo, owashona ngo-1515 empini nabanqobi baseSpain. Esigabeni samanje, umhlaseli omncane ongumkhuhlane onobuhle wesiLatini u-Leopardus colocolo futhi ungowokuzalwa kwamakati amancane (Felidae). Izazi zezilwane zaseMelika zihlukanisa lolu hlobo lwezilwane njenge-Oncifelis, kwesinye isikhathi edida igama lekati yasendle.

Ikati lepampas litholakala emazweni amaningi aseNingizimu Melika. Ukuhweba ngoboya emathafeni anamatshe abahlala khona kwakhula kwaze kwaba ngu-1987. Ngemuva kwalokho kwathengiswa iqembu lokugcina lezikhumba eligunyaziwe ngenani lezingcezu eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10. Lesi silinganiso silondoloze ukubuka ekuqothulweni okuphelele. Isilwane esi-Fluffykufakwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu Yomhlaba wonke njengoba isengozini. Inani lomhlaseli omncane lizinze kuphela eArgentina, lapho indawo yalo yasekuqaleni ivikelekile ezindaweni ezi-9. Emapaki emvelo ePeru naseBrazil, amakati ama-steppe ayivelakancane, futhi e-Uruguay ubukhona bawo abubhalwe phansi iminyaka eyi-10.

Ubani osekamu "lesitha"

Ikati le-pampas endle lesaba izinyoni ezinkulu kuphela, izinyamazane ezidlula usayizi wazo, nabantu. Lesi sidlamlilo esihlala sihlala siyindaba yabazingeli bokuzingela. Isizathu ijazi elimnyama nelinhle lesilwane, okwenziwe kulo amajazi oboya. Ngenxa yokuthi kuvulwe isikhathi eside ekuzingeleni inzalo, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngasikhathi sinye zaziseduze kokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke usayizi wabantu uyehla.

Namuhla, inani lePampass lizala cishe abantu abangaba ngu-50 000. Le mininingwane yenziwa kakhulu, ngoba lesi silwane sihola indlela yokuphila efihlekile, okwenza kube nzima ukumbheka isikhathi eside.

Ngo-1987, kwenqatshelwa ngumthetho ukuzingela amakati okufuya iPampass ngenhloso yokuthola uboya futhi kuwudayise kubanikazi abazimele.

Lo mthetho waba nomphumela, futhi inzalo yabantu yabuyiselwa ngokwengxenye.

Izici zangaphandle

Ubukhulu bekati lePampass lithonywa kakhulu ubukhona bezinwele ezinde ngemuva kanye nomsila, kanye nangaphansi kweshizi. Kwakha umbono okhohlisayo wokuthi isilwane sinzima futhi sinamafutha. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Isisindo somuntu omdala e-Argentina naseBrazil singama-1.8-3,6 kg kuphela. Ngobude bomzimba obungu-48 cm, kuya kuphela emsileni okungama-22 cm. Abamele izinhlobo ezinkudlwana bahlala eChile: abesilisa banesisindo esingaba ngu-6.5 kg, futhi ubukhulu babo bungama-60-67 cm ngomsila. Ukuphakama kubuna 27-27 cm.

Izinwele zekati le-pampas liqukethe izinwele ezinemibala emibili: emnyama nokugqwala

Ikhanda lesilwane libanzi futhi liyisicaba. Izindlebe ezikhonjiwe azinayo amakhekhe; ngaphandle zimbozwe izinwele ezimnyama nendawo encane emhlophe maphakathi nendawo. Umbala we-iris yi-amber. Amashiya amancanyana acwilisa amehlo anikeza ubuso besilwane inkulumo emnyama. Ikhala likhulu, lidlulile. Esihlathini kunemivimbo eguquguqukayo ebonakalayo, futhi imigqa emibili emnyama ebanzi isuka phansi isuka ezilinganisweni zangaphakathi zamehlo. Amadevu ngimpunga elula.

Umzimba ubukhulu, imilenze i-shaggy, ifushane. Iziqeshana zeminwe zimnyama nsundu. Umbala wejazi oyinhloko ungwevu onemibala ehlukene onsundu. Isisu ukhilimu omhlophe. Kukhona abantu abanombala ophuzi noma omnyama-omsundu wengxenye engenhla yezinwele, kanye nesiliva. EPeru naseParaguay, amakati ama-Pampassian angavamile ahlala nephethini ebonakalayo, ebenza bangabonakali phakathi kwemikhaba yamangange. Ezindaweni zasenkulisa zaseCincinnati (USA) naseSão Paulo (eBrazil) abamele izinhlobo zezinwele ngezinwele ezimnyama, okwaba umphumela wokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okubizwa ngokuthi i-melanism.

Nge-melanism kwikati yasendle, phakathi kwezinwele ezimnyama, ukukhanya

Uboya besinyamazane se-steppe budisi kunalokho bukhali, kepha bukhulu. Izinwele ezihlukanisayo ngemuva emgogodleni zifinyelela ku-7 cm ubude futhi zikhukhumele uma kwenzeka ingozi, yakha i- "mane". Isici esibonakalayo salolu hlobo lwezinhlobo ubukhona bemivimbo engu-4-5 emnyama eguqukayo emilenzeni nasemsileni ophansi. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ijazi lesilwane lithambile futhi lifushane.

Habitat

Amakati wepampas ahlala eSouth America. Imingcele yobubanzi isuka onyaweni lwe-Andes engxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yezwekazi kuya emaphethelweni owomile wePatagonia aze afike eStrait of Magellan. Izinyamazane ezincane zihlala emazweni ayishumi nambili futhi ziye zavumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukile. Lezi yizintaba ezinomehluko obukhali wokushisa kwansuku zonke ePeru naseChile, kanye ne-savannah ebandayo yaseSerrado eBrazil. Ngenxa yenani elincane lezilwane ngomuntu ngamunye, kunezindawo ezingafika ku-19 km 2 zensimu "yomuntu".

Izindawo ezijwayelekile:

• amaxhaphozi,
• umisa amadlelo namadlelo,
• izihlahla ezinameva
• amathanga we-alder,
• amathafa anezihlahla eziphansi ezi-spar
• izindawo eziphakemeyo.

ILeopardus colocolo ayitholakali kuphela emahlathini emvula aphansi. Kungenzeka ukuthi, abahlaseli abakhulu bawaxosha lapho. Kepha abahambi be-shaggy bafunda ukusinda ngisho nasendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4, eduze nekati lase-Andean. Umoya onamandla uvunguza lapha, umoya uqukethe i-oksijini encane, ebusika kuba namaqhwa afike ku-15 о С.

Umbala ompunga wezinwele zekati le-pampas uwenza ungabonakali phakathi kotshani obomile endaweni ese-Argentina

EParaguay naseColombia, abantu bendawo babiza amakati amaPampas ngokuthi "abahamba ngezinyawo." Kuhluma lapha amahlathi ahlala ehlukahlukene e-evergreen nezihlahla zamapomegranate. Inhlabathi imbozwe ngamaqabunga awile namagatsha. Akumangazi ukuthi iphethini ezinweleni zezilwane liqukethe imivimbo emide eshintshashintshayo namabala ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni. Lokhu kufihla kuvumela ukuba bahlale bengalingani bobabili izitha nalapho zilandelela inyamazane.

Impilo ekudingisweni

Bambalwa abamele lezinhlobo ezingandile abagcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane. Yi-USA nezinye izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Melika kuphela ezingaziqhenya ngokuzalaniswa ngempumelelo kwekati yasendle. Ebhokisini elilodwa lezilwane zithola izinsana eziyisithupha kuphela.Ukuze amawundlu angabi nolaka kubantu, azosuswa kunina futhi ondliwe ngokuzalwa maduze nje kokuzalwa. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, uLeopardus colocolo uphila iminyaka eyi-15.

Izimo ezidingekayo

I-Pampassa ikati iyindawo ehlala izikhala ezivulekile. Indawo ebiyelwe ebanzi enocingo olwenziwe ngemeshini yensimbi ilungele yena. Kuyelulekwa ukuyihlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezimbili, kwesinye sayo ukwakha umthombo. Kusetshenziswa amatshe nezitshalo ze-steppe ukudala ukulingisa kwezimo zemvelo zamathafa owomileyo. Ku-log setha ipulatifomu ephezulu yokubuka okuhle. Ukuze umhlaseli akwazi, uma efisa, acashe, enze indlu evaliwe futhi aylale ngotshani. Beka umhume omncane wamatshe amakhulu ngaphansi kwekhokhoji.

Umbuso wokushisa kusuka ku-+10 о С kuya ku -2525 о С uzohambisana nesimo sezulu sezindawo zomdabu wesilwane esinoboya. Elinye lamashalofu lifakwe kahle ngokushisa, ngoba wonke amakati athanda ukulala endaweni efudumele. Nikeza isilwane ithuba lokugaya izipele zazo emthini owomile, futhi umaka indawo yawo.

Izici Zokuqukethwe

Emvelweni, amakati amakhambi avame ukubulawa yindlala futhi alale kancane, ehlola indawo yawo efuna ukudla. Ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwansuku zonke kuncane ngosayizi. Ukudla okwanele, zidla izikhathi ezi-3-4 nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ukudala izimo ezifanayo kunzima. Ngemuva kokutadisha ngokuziphatha kwabahlali be-steppe, izazi zezilwane zeluleka ukuthi zingondli isilwane ngohlelo. Ekuthunjweni, amakati wePampass atholakala kalula ezifweni zomlomo womlomo. Isizathu ukuthi izingcezu zenyama zibe nokuvumelana okuthambile. Ngakho-ke, okungenani kabili ngesonto, isilwane sinikezwa ngamagundane noma inyoni. Ukuguqula ukudla, amagundane nama hamsters kuhlangana nezinkukhu (izigwaca).

Ngenxa yokuthi amakati asendle avame ukungalingani ezinkomishini ezinamanzi, ziyaguqulwa nsuku zonke. Ukumelana nokuziphatha okungokwemvelo kuyize. Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka njalo kwamanzi amasha, kungcono ukwenza isiphuzo esizenzakalelayo. Isikhathi somdlalo nokuqeqeshwa kwezilwane kufanele kuthathe okungenani amahora amabili nsuku zonke.

Gxilisa amawundlu wesinyamazane esisuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala. Imijovo ehlanganisiwe isetshenziselwa ukutheleleka nge-peritonitis, igciwane lokugonywa kanye ne-leukemia. Amarabi prophylaxis nawo ayadingeka.

Igalari yezithombe: ikati lamaphepha

Iningi lezintambo zasendle ziyaqhubeka ukwehla, naphezu kwezindlela zokuzivikela. Ukuhlala okuncane kwamathafa aselokishini namathafa asezintabeni ase-Andes kuyafana. Ukuhlasela kwabantu kwezemvelo kuyaqhubeka. Ngifisa ukukholelwa ukuthi le nhlobo ngeke inyamalale endaweni yezwekazi.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Isilwane esifuywayo esidla ubhedu kuphela ngokubukeka sifana nekati lasekhaya elijwayelekile. Isisindo esijwayelekile sifinyelela ku-5 kg, ubukhulu ubude bufika ku-75 cm, ingxenye yesithathu iwela emsileni wesilwane. Izinwele eziminyene ezimboze umzimba zimboza umzimba wekati.

Eduzane ne-ridge, i-fluffy ikakhulukazi futhi ibukeka njenge-mane ngenxa yokuqondiswa kokukhula nokwanda kobude kuya ku-7 cm.

Abafundi be-oval wamehlo anonya baveza uhlobo lomhlaseli. Izitho zokuzwa zikhulu kunamanye amakati, azikho izingulule ezindlebeni. Umbala wejazi, ofana nalawo amakati amaningi, umelelwa ngumbala wephalethi onsundu: ukusuka obomvu obukhanyayo, isihlabathi kuya koshokolethi omnyama, ucishe umnyama.

Ngamaphethini, lesi silwane asibekelwe ize phakathi kwamakati, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinephethini elingahlukaniseki kalula noma ngaphandle kwawo, izindandatho ezivamile ezinombala onsomi zihlobisa umsila.

Ubukhulu bephethini nombala kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga, phansi kwe-Andes, umbala ungwevu onsomi noma ophuzi, futhi ezindaweni eziphansi kukhona abamele izithunzi ezinsundu.

Sekukonke, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinkomba eziyisikhombisa zesilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinotshani e-Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil. Itholakala emathafeni nasezinkangala, ibonakala ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-5000 km.

Amadlelo asezintabeni namadlelo ayindawo yokuhlala ayithandayo yamakati asendle, yingakho abizwa ngokuthi amakati otshani. Ama-pampas acebile ngamagundane, izingulube ze-Guinea, ama-chinchillas - bonke abazingelwa yisilwane esincane.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Isilwane sihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, umbono omuhle kakhulu unesandla kulokhu. Kubonakala ukuzingela okuncane kakhulu phakathi nosuku. Uthanda ubumfihlo endaweni yakhe. Indawo yokuba khona kokunethezeka nokuzingela ikati kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-50 km.

Imfihlo nokuqapha kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha ukuxhumana kwesilo, ukubonwa okuningi namaqiniso kunikezwa ngokwemininingwane emakati athunjiwe. Kuyadingeka ukubhekana nabaphikisi bezilwane zasendle ngezindlela ezihlukile: ngezinyamazane ezinkulu amakati anamakhasi ahlakaniphile ababoshi, bancintisane nabaphikisi abafanelekile, bakhulisa i-mane yabo futhi baphakamisa izinwele zabo ukwandisa usayizi nokwesabisa.

Kwesinye isikhathi zenza lokhu, ngokukhalipha ukugibela isihlahla futhi isabise isitha esivela phezulu, ngesisulu esijwayelekile sisebenza ngokunqophile futhi ngokushesha. Ukuhlaselwa kwamakati yenkukhu akubathandanga abantu bendawo. Kepha indawo yokuhlala kwamakati wePampass iya ngokuya incipha ngenxa yokuqhamuka komhlaba wezolimo, ngakho-ke kufanele siwunqande okuphangiwe ngabantu.

Imizamo eminingi yokwakha izilwane zotshani ayiphumelelanga. Inkululeko-ethanda ukuvukela ikati lamaphepha. Thenga isilwane bese sidluliselwa kwi-zoo ukuze siyilondoloze - inqwaba yabaqeqeshi abangenathemba.

Ukuzijabulisa

Amakati wepampas ayizilwane zasendle ezijwayelekile zodwa. Ziphila zodwa zodwa, izintokazi ezinabesilisa zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngemuva kokuphola, owesilisa ushiya insikazi futhi angabe esabonakala. Konke ukunakekela inzalo kunikezwa owesimame, oqala ondle amawele ngobisi, bese eqala ukuwajwayela ngokudla okuvela ezilwaneni futhi afundise amakhono okuzingela.

Ukukhulelwa okungelona okokugcina kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ama kittens kuladoti makhulu ngosayizi, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa ama-1-2 kuphela. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, udoti uqukethe ama-kittens ayi-3. Ebukhoneni obuhlala njalo bomama, amakati kufanele adlule izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

Uhlobo luni lwesilwane lolu - Pampass cat?

Isilwane esincane, esingadluli nje sebheji lasekhaya, isilwazzi esihlala ezindlini, emahlathini nasezintabeni zamazwe amaningi aseNingizimu Melika. Ekubukeni kokuqala, ikati lePampass alihlukaniswa nganoma yini ekhethekile phakathi kwabanye abamele abakhethe bomndeni wayo - noma ukubukeka okungalibaleki, noma i-charisma yokuziphatha. Kepha emzimbeni omncane othobekile kuphila umphefumulo omkhulu wendoda enesibindi - futhi maye kuso isitha esazama ukuhlasela amawundlu ale paka yasendle!

Nasi isilwane esinjalo - umzimba wekati, umphefumulo wengwe

Izinhlobo noma izikhala?

Kunokudideka kokwahlukaniswa okuthile okuye kwangena kukho umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko, ikati lePampass. Ensimini enkulu yaseNingizimu Melika, izilwane ziyafana zombili ngokufana nangendlela yokuziphatha, lapho ososayensi abehlukene bezama ukuhlela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Ngenxa yesilo esifanayo, kwesinye isikhathi babelwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile zohlobo lweLeopardus, noma bahlukaniswe njenge-subspecies yeLeopardus pajeros. Izazi zebhayoloji azikwazanga ekugcineni zivumelane ngokuthi iyini insimbi yekati (iLeopardus colocolo) - uhlobo oluhlukile noma, futhi, izigcawu zaseChile zekati likaPampass.

Ososayensi abakavumi ngokuhlukaniswa kwalesi zinhlobo

Emlandweni waseChile, igama elithi Colocolo libaluleke kakhulu. Egameni lesilo esincane, kodwa esiziqhenyayo nesinesibindi, umholi odumile wamaNdiya ama-Araucan, owathi ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha walwa nabanqobi abamhlophe, wazibiza ngegama. Isibalo sangempela somlando, umholi weColokolo, waba yiqhawe kuzo zombili izihlabani zaseMelika kanye nemibhalo eminingi yezemibhalo.

Izici zezindawo ezithunjiwe

Amakati wepampas ayizilwane ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezi-fluffy, ngakho-ke ngenxa yalokhu kubukeka, kunombono wakhohlisayo wokuthi anomusa kakhulu futhi unothando. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uthinte lo mzingeli wasendle njengesilwane esifuywayo. Noma kunjalo, abanye abathanda izinhlobo ezihlukile bafuna ukuthola ikati le-Pampass, bangaqapheli ngokwangempela okulindelwe.

Impilo esekudingisweni, noma ngabe yi-zoo, i-nursery, noma impahla yangasese, ihambisana nesikhathi esinzima sokuqhakambisa isilwane. Sikhishwe ezimweni zemvelo yemvelo, lesi silwane sihlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu, ethinta kabi amasosha omzimba kanye nempilo.

Ekuqaleni, ikati elingene ku-zoo, noma ngabe zonke izimo zenzelwe yona, liziphatha ngokufutheka okukhulu, lihlala linovalo.

Ekudingisweni, lesi silwane asivezi inzalo, futhi uma umuntu omdala ephucwa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, ngeke isebenze ukushintsha indlela yaso futhi siyijwayele empilweni ezimweni ezintsha.

Uma kunesifiso sokuba nekati lePampass, kuyadingeka ukumhlomisela indiza enkulu yemigwaqo. Abamele lolu hlobo lokuzalwa abalungele ngokuphelele ukuhlala efulethini, kuphela endlini yangasese enendawo enkulu yendawo. Ukudla - inyama entsha, enamafutha, inhlanzi. Okuphakelayo kwezezimboni ekudleni kwesilwane akunakwa.

Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthola lolu hlobo lwamakati njengezilwane zasekhaya, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukudlala nawo ngeke kusebenze. Isilwane, noma ngabe zenzelwe ukuba ziphile kahle ntofontofo, azisoze zashiya imikhuba yaso yasendle futhi angeke zixhumane nomuntu, zisale kuphela umhlali onobutha we-aviary onomuntu ongemuhle nonobungqabavu.

Amakati we-Pampassian azithola esezimweni zokugqilazeka esemncane atholakala kalula. Kepha njengoba bekhula, ukuthambekela kwabo ngokwemvelo kanye nomlingiswa omubi kuzobonakala ngokwengeziwe.

Uhlala kuphi futhi kanjani?

Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele, ama-pampas ayindawo eyintandokazi yekati lephasi - elivulekile, elingenalo izihlahla, kepha ligcwele utshani emaphethelweni aseNingizimu Melika. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sibizwa nangokuthi ikati lotshani.

Kubizwa nangokuthi ikati lotshani noma utshani.

Ukuze kube ngokucace kakhudlwana, abantu bendawo babiza lesi silwane ikati lotshani futhi basiphatha ngendlela ephikisayo - luhlonishwa ngenhlonipho eyimfihlakalo, luqothulwa ngenzondo engachazeki.

Abamele lezi zinhlobo ngandlela thile abavame kakhulu emihlathini eminyene naphakathi kwezihlahlana ezinamahlumela. Impilo ayisesabi isilo cishe emadwaleni acishe abe ngamadwala - ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, amakati ahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu.

Phezulu ezintabeni ungakhubekeka phezu kolwandle lekati lamaphasi

Indawo yezinhlobo zezilwane - lezi yizindawo ezinkulu ukusuka ogwini lwe-Atlantic kuya ezigabeni zezintaba zase-Andes - kuze kufinyelele ku-subspecies eziyisikhombisa lekati yasendle, ehlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngombala wazo kanye nokuziphatha okuhle.

Ukuthenga

Abahlengikazi ababezokwenzelwa ukuzalanisa iPampass yohlobo lwezinja, cha. Lokhu kuchazwa ukungakwazi ukujwayela lesi silwane empilweni yomphakathi. Uma kunikezwe izinga lokwanda okuqhamukayo kusuka esilwaneni lapho lingena endaweni ebiyelwe, ngisho nasezindongeni zokuhlangana nale silwane kuyinkinga impela.

Ubudlelwano obunzima nomuntu

Uhla olukhulu nobubanzi obuzinzile bekati lekati akuchazi ukuthi izinhlobo akuyona inkinga. Kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili edlule, wayekhishwa inyumbazane ngenxa yoboya obuhle nobungajwayelekile - minyaka yonke amashumi ezinkulungwane zezikhumba akhishwe ngokungemthetho ezwenikazi. Ekugcineni, ngonyaka we-1987, lohwebo lwavinjezelwa kakhulu ezingeni lomthetho wamazwe omhlaba yiCITES Convention.

Uboya obungajwayelekile kubiza izimpilo zenani elikhulu lalezi zilwane

Emazweni ambalwa - iArgentina, iChile neParaguay - izinhlobo zitholakala njengezinqabile futhi zivikelwe ezingeni likazwelonke, ukuzingela amakati ePampass kuyanqatshelwa lapha. Ngokuya kwezibalo ze-zoologists, inani lezinhlobo ezikuwo wonke umkhawulo wendawo yokuhlala yalo alidluli abantu abadala abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu. Kodwa akukho datha eqondile yokuthi ngabe le nkomba iyanda noma iyancipha.

Ukuqala kwempucuko esizeni sokuhlaliswa kabusha kwekati yasendle kuyaqhubeka - umuntu wandisa umsebenzi wakhe wezomnotho, uhlala ehlola izindawo eziningi nezidingo zakhe, ehambisa izilwane kubo.

Ukubukeka

Amehlo amakhulu wekati lePampass abona kahle ebumnyameni, njengoba kufanelana nomdlwenguli wasebusuku. Yonke into ekushayweni kwalesi silo ifanelwe kahle ukuzingela okuphumelelayo, ukuvikela impilo yayo kanye nendawo.

Ikati likaPampassa liyabona futhi lezwa kahle ebumnyameni

Isilwane esincane, kodwa esiqine kakhulu sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa, futhi ukukhula kumila akubanga ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-35. Umzimba uqine kakhulu futhi unemisipha, umsila umfishane, awugqinsi, awubisi. Ubude bomzimba besilisa abakhulu abesilisa bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-80, kanye nobude bomsila - amasentimitha angama-30. Abesifazane balolu hlobo bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Ikati lamapampas - lincane kodwa liqinile futhi linesibindi

Umbala wejazi elihlanganayo uhluka kusuka kwesiliva kuya kobomvu obumnyama ngisho nomnyama, unamabala ansundu ansundu nemivimbo emsileni, esifubeni nasemilenzeni. Isigaxa esikhulu esikhanyayo sithweswa umqhele ngezindlebe ezibucayi eziqondile, ezifakwe imihlathi eqinile futhi sizungezwe ukufana kwe-mane.

Imvelo nokuziphatha

Ikati elinamakhambi lincamela ukuhola impilo yemfihlo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kodwa uma kunesidingo, lingaya ekuzingeleni ngesikhathi sasemini. Lesi silwane esisebenza ndawonye sichitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe sisodwa, ngamandla wonke avikela imingcele yendawo yakhe yokuhlala kubantu esingabazi. Indawo yezindawo ezinjalo zokuzingela ifinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angamashumi amahlanu.

Izitha ezinkulu futhi ezinamandla izitha zemvelo lekati lePampass, futhi wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukugwema ukuhlangana nazo. Ngezikhathi zengozi, ufuna insindiso ezihlahleni (uma lezo ziseduzane) futhi ekhombisa izimangaliso zama-acrobatics, kepha kwezinye izimo akathandi ukugibela izihlahla. Yize abanye abantu befikelwa ngamagatsha bese behlasela ngokushesha inyamazane engabazayo evela phezulu.

Ukuhlaselwa ikati eliluhlaza kunembile futhi kuyashesha

Naphezu kokuxoka nokukhohlisa okufushane, ikati lePampass lingumzingeli owesabekayo. Uyakwazi ukucasha isikhathi eside - aphenduke ukungabonakali, ngenxa yombala wakhe wokufihla, bese ehlasela ngokunemba nangejubane lombani kangangokuba isisulu asinaso ngisho nesikhathi sokuqonda ngokwenzekile.

Lesi silwane sinomlingisi onzima non-oxhumana naye - kusuka ku-Pampass kitten awusoze wakhulisa i-purer eyenziwe ekhaya. Ngiyeke ungidlule! ” - leli binzana libonakala libhalwe ikati yasendle ku- "ubuso". Futhi, yize amadevu nezindebe zomlomo zisongeke ngokumamatheka okuhle, amehlo akhe amakhulu abukeka emnyama futhi engenamusa.

Isilwane esinothando asisoze sakhula kule kitten.

Isilo silingana nanoma yimiphi imizamo yomuntu yokusondela ku-uterine growl, i-hissing futhi yehlise ijazi, ibonakale ikhula ngosayizi. Uma izindlela zengqondo zinganele, ikati lihlasela ngesitha ngesibindi, hhayi amandla nosayizi olingana. Abesifazane abavikela amawundlu abo bazinikezele ikakhulukazi, ngisho nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye zithanda ukungazithinti.

Umlingisi wale kati akajabhile futhi mubi.

Okudingayo

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwekati le-pampas ngamagundane amancane. Ukhetha ukuthola inyamazane phansi ngaphandle kokugibela izihlahla, futhi ngekhono abambe yonke into edliwayo angayithola lapha - izinyoni, izibankwa, izinambuzane, uthanda ukudla ngamaqanda ezinyoni.

Isilwane sizama ukuhlala kude nokuhlala kwabantu ngokungadingekile, futhi uma ikati lotshani liqala ukweba izilwane ezifuywayo, kusho ukuthi sesifikile isikhathi sokulamba kakhulu.

Ikati likaPampassa likhetha ukungazingeli endaweni yabantu