IGoldfish | |||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Ukuthenga: | I-Cypriniphysi |
I-Superfamily: | I-Carp-like |
Buka: | IGoldfish |
Carasius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)
IGoldfish (I-Lat. Carassius gibelio, leli gama le-Latin binomial lamukelwa kusukela ngonyaka we-2003, phambilini elingu-Lat. Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) - inhlanzi enamanzi amhlophe okusuka enhlanzini ephuma kuhlobo lomndeni we-crupian carp.
Incazelo
I-Silver crucian carp ihlukile kunegolide ezikalini ezikhudlwana futhi ezilula nokuphakama komzimba okuphansi. Njengomthetho, umbala wesikali ngu-grey-grey or greenish-grey, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona amabala anombala wegolide noma ophuzi-owolintshi. Isilinganiso sokuphakama komzimba kuya kokwehluka kungahlukahluka ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila.
Imisebe yokuqala yama-dorsal ne-analins is a spike hard, jagged, yonke imisebe ithambile.
I-Silver crucian carp ifinyelela ku-46.6 cm ubude nesisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Izibonelo zomuntu ngamunye ziphila iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Indawo
Kuqala, i-crucian carp yayihlala emgodini we-Amur River nezindawo zokugcina eziseduze. Kuhlanganiswe ngokuzungezile eminyakeni yama-60 yekhulu lama-XX ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina zaseSiberia naseYurophu. Manje ingeniswa eNyakatho Melika, eNdiya nakwezinye izindawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezindlini zokugcina zaseYurophu naseSiberia kwakukhona ukuthuthela kancane kancane okujwayelekile nge-carp yegolide (igolide) ene-silver crucian carp, kuze kube yilapho lokhu kunyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukuzala
Ukuqhekeka kwe-portion kungenzeka kusuka kokukodwa kuya kathathu ngonyaka, kuya ngokushisa kwamanzi. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bangaphansi izikhathi ezingama-4-6 kunezinsikazi. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina, inani lezinhlanzi zegolide limelelwa ngabesifazane kuphela. Kulezo zindawo zokugcina, izinsikazi zesiliva carp ziqhakaza neziduna zezinhlobo ezihlobene nezinhlanzi (i-roach, i-goldfish, i-tench, i-bream, i-carp nezinye). Umanyolo wangempela awenzeki, ngoba isidoda asivundisi, kepha sithuthukisa kuphela ukukhula kwamaqanda. Kulokhu, abesifazane kuphela abonakala enzalweni. Le ndlela yokuzala ibizwa nge- gynogeneis.
Inani lezomnotho
ISilver crucian iyinto yokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, njenge-carp, kanye nezinto zokudoba, ezemidlalo nezokudotshwa kwama-amateur. Ama-hybrids esiliva crucian carp kanye ne-carp adalwa.
Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-silver crucian carp, i-aquarium goldfish kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa kwakhiwa eChina ngekhulu le-11.
Isilawuli serekhodi le-Silver crucian (ubude obuyi-40 cm)
I-carp encane yesiliva. Ukwehluka ngesimo somzimba nombala wesikali
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Inomzimba omfushane, ocindezelwe kamuva, ophansi kakhulu kunowamagolide. Inani lesikali emugqeni we-lateral lisuka kuma-27 laya kwangama-31. Amamobheli we-branchial mude, inani lawo lisuka ku-39 laya ku-50. Ihlukaniswa yi-ductility yayo, futhi ingakha ukwehluka ngombala nezinye izici zangaphandle.
Izikali ezikwi-silver crucian ziyisiliva grey, zinomnyama omncane omnyama, obomvana ngombala. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abane-tint ephuziwe bavele, bacishe bangahlukeki ku-goldenfish.
Usayizi, isisindo
Imvamisa ekubambeni kukhona abantu abangafika kumasentimitha angama-20 ubude - abanesisindo esingadluli kuma-350 amagremu. Ubukhulu obukhulu i-crucian carp bungafinyelela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle bu cishe ngama-40 cm ubude futhi bunesisindo esingama-2 kg.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-carp yesiliva ihlala incane kunegolide - ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu kuneyokugcina.
Izinhlanzi ezifanayo
Uhlobo oluhlobene - igolidefish - lunokufana okufana ne-carp yesiliva. Abamele umndeni wakwaChukuchanov nabo bafana nawo, ngokwesibonelo, izifuba ezinkulu, ezinamabele amancanyana nezindebe ezimnyama, ezihluke nge-crucian carp nge-notch ebekiwe ngaphezulu kwe-dorsal fin.
Izinhlanzi ezincane ze-carp ezimise okomhlotshana nazo zifana ne-carp yesiliva, zingahlukaniswa kusukela kamuva ngokuba khona kwezinyamazane kanye nesigaxa esidala.
IGoldfish
I-Crucian carp (igolide) yaqanjwa ngombala oqondile wesikali, onomkhono wegolide. Ngemuva kwenhlanzi kumnyama, ngmpunga noma nsundu. Isisu sihlala sikhanya, noma ngokuya ngesimo, singaba nomthunzi ohlukile.
Lolu hlobo luhlala ezindaweni ezigcina amanzi zaseYurophu naseSiberia, cishe ezingakaze zitholakale emifuleni. Kungabizwa ngokuthi ngumhlali waseSwitzerland wangempela. Uyakwazi ukusinda ezimeni ezinzima ngokweqile. Ehlobo elomile, lapho ichibi likoma kakhulu, i-crucian carp ingcwatshwa ekujuleni kolwandle, ilinde isomiso lapho. Ngendlela efanayo, ibekezelela ukuqanda okukhulu kwamachibi amancane ebusika, igaya ekujuleni okungaba yingxenye yemitha. I-crucian overwinter, ngakho-ke, kuze kube yilapho iqhwa lincibilika. Ngalesi sizathu, kunezindawo eziningi zokugcina lapho amanzi angahlali kuphela i-carp.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, uma zingawela echibini ngezindlela ezihlukile, alas, ngeke zikwazi ukusinda ebusika. Noma amanzi engaholi aze abheke phansi, ngeke kube nomoya-mpilo owanele.
Izikebhe zotshani noma umhlanga ziyikhaya lale ndawo eyixhaphozi. Indawo oyithandayo ye-crucian carp, lokhu kungumngcele phakathi kotshani ne-stall ngokujulile. Imvamisa kutholakala "emafasiteleni" phakathi kwamathanga aminyene mwalwelwe. Emathangeni ezinhlanzi bathola ukudla, izinga lokushisa elinethezekile nendawo yokukhosela elangeni.
Izinga lokukhula kwezinhlanzi
I-Silver crucian carp ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu kuneyakhe futhi iyinto ebalulekile emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Kufinyelela eminyakeni emibili, izinhlanzi ezincane zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-400, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ngobudala, isisindo senhlanzi ngayinye singadlula i-2 kg. IMalek idla ikakhulukazi kwi-zooplankton ne-phytoplankton. I-Krupnyak, idla ukudla kwezilwane kanye nemifino, kwesinye isikhathi ayiyideleli i-carrion.
Isiliva negolide bayifana, kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Isisindo se-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp sifinyelela amakhilogremu amabili, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, nokuningi. Kepha ingxenye enkulu, izinhlamvu ezinesisindo esingu-0,5 kg zibhekwa njengendondo enkulu kubadobi. Naphezu kokuqina kwayo okungavamile, le nhlanzi ikhula kancane. Ngokwesilinganiso, eminyakeni emibili, i-crucian enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100. Lokhu kukhuphuka okuncane, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-cyprinid. Ngemuva komunye unyaka noma emibili, ufinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi emachibini amancanyana anesisekelo sokudla imfele, kuhlala kuphela i-carp encanyana yama-crucian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bawo babulinganiswa. Ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi endaweni kungathinta kakhulu ubukhulu nobuningi bezinhlobo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-rotan iyisitha esiyingozi se-crucian carp, ngokudla isencane. Bazingela ama-carp asemancane futhi enza i-pike.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
I-Crucian spawns emanzini afudumele afinyelela kuma-degrees ayi-14-16, ekujuleni okungaba yingxenye yemitha. Izinhlanzi zihlikihla emagatsheni ahlukahlukene ezihlahla nasezihlanjeni zezimanzi zasemanzini, lapho izinhlamvu zecaviar zinamathela khona. Inqubo ingenzeka kaningana phakathi nehlobo, ngokunembile ngesikhathi lapho amanzi efudumele ngokwanele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-crucian carp ingavela ngisho ngo-Agasti noma Septhemba. Lokhu kuqashelwa ikakhulukazi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ekushiseni kwamanzi ngamadigri ayi-15-20.
Kukhona isici esijabulisayo ekuzaleni kabusha i-silver crucian carp, ikakhulukazi abesifazane babamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Ku-Fry ovelile, izinsikazi ziyavela futhi. Kwezinye izindawo zokugcina, kuphume abesifazane kuphela. Kulokhu, amaqanda ahlanganiswa ngamanye, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi ye-carp. Kungaba i-bream, i-roach, i-carp, i-carp ejwayelekile, i-tench nabanye. I-caviar ye-Crucian ithwala isethi ephindwe kabili yama-chromosomes futhi ayidingi ukuhlanganisa i-nucleus yayo ne-nucleus yesidoda. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe iqanda, ukungena kwanoma yisiphi isidoda kuwo, okuxazulula kamuva, kuyadingeka.
Njengomphumela womanyolo ongajwayelekile kangako, kuvela izikhathi ezithile izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ze-crucian carp. Ngeshwa, nzalo ngeke iqhubeke uhlobo njengohlobo oluzimele ngenxa yokungazali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, alinganiselwe ekukhuleni nasekuhlaleni isikhathi eside.
I-Waterfowl imvamisa iba ngabathwali bamaqanda echibini nasemachibini angomakhelwane. Ngakho-ke, banegalelo ekugcinweni kwemvelo kwemizimba emincane kakhulu futhi engatholakali kakhulu yemizimba.
Ngempela, omunye umuntu angakuchaza kanjani ukubonakala kwe-crucian carp emachibini amahlathi, ubukhulu bawo bungamamitha ambalwa. Kulezo “zidumbu” ezinjalo zohlobo lwe-minnow zivame ukuhlala eduze kwazo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-crucian carp ne-carp
Akungatshazwa ukuthi umdobi onolwazi uzohlukanisa lezi zinhlanzi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kepha ezinye izinkinga zingqubuka kubadobi abaqalayo. Ake sizame ukuqonda ukufana nokwehluka.
Zombili izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zingezomndeni ofanayo futhi zinokufana, ngokwesibonelo:
- Imibala,
- Umzimba omkhulu
- Isikali esikhulu
- Umbala nosayizi wezikhumba.
Konke lokhu kufana kungahlukaniswa, kunalokho ngokubuka okuqondayo. Uma ubhekisisa kakhulu, umehluko uzodalulwa.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlanzi, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:
- I-dorsal fin ye-carp ibonakala isikhathi eside, kepha ifushane ukuphakama.
- Umzimba we-carp uthambile ngandlela thile, kuyilapho i-crucian carp, ikakhulukazi igolide, inesimo esijikeleze ngokwengeziwe.
- Amarabhu wamaphaphu
- Isisindo se-carp yabantu abadala sikhulu kaningana
I-CarpCrucian
Hump ekhaleni. Imigwaqo eqondile ekhanda.
Izindebe ezinenyama ezindebe
Umzimba ugcwele, uphakeme, uguquguqukayo Umzimba uphakeme, ucindezelwe
Isikali esimnyama, esikhulu. Isikali silula, sincanyana, siqine.
Imifino emnyama Fin flat
Kakhulu futhi kusinda okuncane, kube lula
Indlela yokuphila
Imvamisa, i-crucian carp igcinwa ezansi, noma emiphongolweni yezimanzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ingakhuphuka engxenyeni ephezulu yamanzi, ngokwesibonelo - ngesikhathi sendiza yezinambuzane eziningi. Amafomu ezikole, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingahlala zodwa. Kuyinto engathandeki kwikhwalithi yamanzi, uma kwenzeka izimo ezingezinhle (ukomisa ukuphuma noma ukuqanda kwethala, okuqukethwe komoya ophefumulwayo) - kungcwatshwa kusaliti futhi kufihlwe. Kulesi simo, kungaba isikhathi eside impela.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-crucian carp ne-buffalo
Kaningi, ngangizwa kubadobi engangibazi ngokubanjwa kwe-buffalo. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ubukeka kanjani, wonke umuntu wachaza i-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp. Leliqiniso lingimangazile, ngoba babedoba le nhlanzi emfuleni engangikwazi kahle. Lutho ngaphandle kwe-carp ejwayelekile, i-roach, i-scavenger, i-perch ne-gudgeon, angikaze ngize lapho. Bengifuna ukuthola okuningi ngaye, kanye nobudlelwano bakhe ne-crucian carp.
Hlobo luni lwesimangaliso lolu, olubhalwe ngokusobala igama elingelona lendawo? Nakhu engikwazile ukuthola:
- Le nhlanzi ehlanganisiwe ivela eMelika. Ithole igama layo kwisimo esifanayo seBuffalo. Kwakukhona lapho owazalwa, futhi kamuva waphumelela ukwahlukanisa.
- E-USSR, izinhlanzi zathulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, ngenhloso yokuzalelwa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Iqukethwe kwizindawo zokufunda ezikhethekile.
- Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalesi hybrid: i-buffalo emnyama, encane nekulu. Kwakungowokugcina kubo owathatha izintambo eSoviet Union, manje eseRussia nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS.
- Ngenxa yokusebenza okuphansi ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo zaseRussia, lokhu kuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe akusiki nathi. Ngezikhathi ezithile isuka emakhejini iye emifuleni, ibanjwe ngabadobi.
- Inyama yeBuffalo i-tastierer and fatter kune-crucian carp, futhi inamathambo ambalwa.
- Isisindo somuntu omdala phesheya e-hybrid sikhulu kaningana kunesisindo se-carp crucian.
Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni nasencazelweni, lezi zinhlanzi zinokufana okungaphezulu kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimangaliso phesheya kwezilwandle, isikhathi nesikhathi sifika ekuvinjelweni kwabadobi, ezimweni eziningi, abantu babamba i-carp elula yesiliva crucian.
I-syn. Carasius auratus gibelio, carasius auratus
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
Umndeni uCyprinidae.
Kuze kube ngu-2003, yabizwa ngokuthi yiCarassius auratus gibelio, ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho uCarassius auratus.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-carp yesiliva crucian ezindaweni zokugcina zaseBelarus kwaqala ngo-1948. I-fish crucian eyethulwa esifundeni saseBelarus yatholwa emithonjeni ehlukahlukene futhi yafaka amafomu we-amphymtic ne-gynogenetic. I-Amphimictic isiliva crucian carp (izinhlamvu eziyi-1000) zangeniswa ngqo zisuka emseleni womfula. I-Cupid epulazini lezinhlanzi iVolma, lapho yahlala khona kamuva emapulazini ezinhlanzi kanye namachibi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasenkabeni yeBelarus. Emapulazini ezinhlanzi "Amhlophe" kanye ne "Red Dawn", ebesebenza njengomthombo wokuphinda kusungulwe i-carp yesiliva engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe, ifomu layo le-gynogenetic (amasampula ayi-1250) laqhamuka ezweni laseSavvinsky hatchery (esifundeni saseMoscow). Kodwa-ke, emuva kwalokho kwaba nokuhlanganiswa kwenqwaba yabantu abavela emapulazini ahlukene echibini nokuhamba kwalolu hlobo ngabadobi base-amateur. Kuze kube manje, ukusatshalaliswa kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zesiliva i-carp eBelarus akufundwanga.
Njengamanje, i-crucian yesiliva itholakala kabanzi ezindaweni zokugcina izidumbu ze-Dnieper, Pripyat, Zapadnaya Dvina nasezigodini zemifula yaseNeman.
Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ama-crucians esiliva afinyelela ubude bomzimba ongu-10 cm nesisindo sama-25-30 g.Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala ngonyaka we-5-6 wokuphila zingafinyelela ubude obu-30-40 cm futhi zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1 kg. Ngokubukeka, i-carp yesiliva crucian ifana kakhulu ne-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp, ihluka ngesimo somzimba esithile, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinsimbi zempi yomuntu ku-arch yokuqala ye-branchial nepheshana lesisu elinde. Isikali sikhulu, siqine-kufanele, emgqeni we-lateral kukhona izikali ezingama-27-33. I-dorsal fin yinde. I-notch ekwi-caudal fin ye-crucian carp inkulu kakhulu kunaleyo evamile ye-crucian carp. Amazinyo e-Pharyngeal awamugqa owodwa, njengasephathini ye-carp ejwayelekile.
Ngombala, i-crucian carp ihlukile kwe-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp ezinhlangothini ze-silvery zomzimba nesisu, kanye nobumnyama, cishe obumnyama, umbala we-peritoneum.
Ngokungafani ne-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp, i-crucian carp ivame ukutholakala kumachibi amakhulu kanye nemifula, emanzini agelezayo. Unamathela ezindaweni ezifanayo, ngaphandle kokufuduka isikhathi eside nokweluliwe echibini.
Uhola indlela yokuphila eyi-benthic, ekhetha izindawo zokugcina amanzi amile noma ukugeleza okuhamba kancane nethayela elincane. Sisinda ezinkingeni ezithile zobusika noma eziphelele. Ebusika, kwakha amaqoqo ezindaweni ezijulile. Entwasahlobo, lapho isuka ezindaweni zobusika nasehlobo, isakazekela kuwo wonke umzimba wamanzi, ikhetha izindawo ezifudumele kahle. Ukuqongelelwa kwe-Mass kwakha futhi ngoMeyi - Juni ezindaweni ezinwebekayo nangesikhathi sekwindla ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi lapho kuthuthelwa ezindaweni zobusika.
I-Silver carp iyavuthwa ineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila ngisho nangaphambi kobude bomzimba okungenani ama-18 cm. Ukuqalwa kwe-carp yesiliva i-crucian kwenzeka njengasenkulukazi evamile ye-crucian carp, kepha kucashile ngesikhathi esithile futhi iqhubeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Agasti. I-Spawning ihlukaniswe, iqala emazingeni okushisa wamanzi ngaphansi kuka-16-18ºС. I-fecundity ngokuphelele yezintokazi, kuya ngeminyaka, ubude kanye nesisindo somuntu ngamunye ngamaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90-650.
Emiphakathini yesilivere crucian carp, kufakwa indlela ekhethekile yokuzala nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi - i-gynogeneis (evela emvelaphi yabesifazane nabesifazane abangamaGyne, imvelaphi). Kubonakala ngokuthi ngemuva kokungena kwesidoda eqandeni, ama-nuclei abo awadideki, futhi ekuqhubekeni kokuqhubeka kombungu kuphela iseli leqanda. E-gynogenesis, inzalo iqukethe izinsikazi kuphela, futhi amaqanda ahlanganiswa nesidoda sezinhlobo ezisondelene nazo. Ngakho-ke, i-caviar yesiliva i-carp ingafakwa ngesidoda se-carp, i-roach, i-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp, i-tench, i-loach nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu, kepha inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ifa ngezakhiwo zohlobo lomama lwangempela lwe-carp yesiliva. Inani elingajwayelekile lobulili liyabonakala kubantu abaningi besiliva crucian carp. Njengomthetho, kukhona abesilisa abambalwa kunabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abantu abaningi lapho abesilisa bengekho ngokuphelele. Izilinganiso zobulili ezilinganayo azivamile. Umjaho we-Gynogenetic wesiliva crucian carp unama-3 ama-chromosomes, kuyilapho izinhlanzi ezivela kubantu abathandanayo zigcina i-chromosomes ephindwe kabili.
Isiliva crucian lidla ama-invertebrates asemanzini afanayo njenge-carp ejwayelekile - ama-invertebrates angaphansi, ikakhulukazi amahubhu we-chironomid, futhi asebenzisa i-zooplankton ne-phytoplankton kanye nokudla kwezitshalo. Akudli ebusika.
Izinga lokukhula lincike ohlotsheni lwedamu, kepha ngokuvamile ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo aliphezulu. Ekulondleni okugcwele kakhulu, izidumbu zamanzi angajulile (iLake Chervonoe) eneminyaka eyisithupha, ingafinyelela isisindo somzimba esikhulu kuze kufike ku-1 kg.
Ayenzi ukufuduka isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwayo kwempilo, i-carp yesiliva ngasikhathi sinye yahlula amabanga amqoka njengento yokuqhakanjiswa okubanzi. Ngenxa yokuvumelana okuhle nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila, i-carp ebomvu ye-carp iyinto evamile yokuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi zombili ezindlini zemvelo nasemapulazini echibi.
ISilver crucian iyaphawuleka ngobunjalo bayo obumangalisayo futhi ingukhokho wezinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla zegolide.
Kutholakala ekubambeni kwezentengiselwano nakwezentuthuko yonke indawo. Kanye ne-carp ejwayelekile ye-carp, yinto ethandwayo yokudoba imidlalo. I-Carp ivame ukubanjwa ngezinduku zokudoba isebenzisa izibungu, imichilo yegazi, imvuthuluka yesinkwa noma inhlama enambithiswe kancane ngama-linseed, i-hemp, uwoyela we-anise, i-peppermint noma i-laurel eyehla njenge-nozzles. Ezindongeni ezihlukile, "ukunambitheka" kwe-carp ye-crucian kuyahlukahluka, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi endaweni yokugcina eyodwa ngosuku olulandelayo kuyadingeka enye i -zzle. Ngakho-ke, ukudoba ama-crucians bathatha ama-nozzles ahlukile. I-Carp yesiliva ithanda izibungu ezincane ezibomvu. Ngokudoba khetha izindawo ezijulile eduze kwezimila zasemanzini. Ungabamba iKarasey isuka phansi, isuka kumuntu-isigamu, futhi cishe nangaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosuku olulodwa babanjwa kangcono kusuka ezansi, kolunye - kusuka engxenyeni enamanzi, ngakho-ke lapho ukudoba ngezinduku eziningana zokudoba kudingeka kusethwe ekujuleni okuhlukile bese kugxila kulokho i-carp eqale ukugoqa khona. Ukubamba okuphumelela kakhulu kwama-crucians esikhathini sokulungiselela ngemuva. Maphakathi nehlobo, i-crucian carp ayibanjwa kahle, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi kwezinye izinsuku kuthatha kahle.
Ngokuvamile, ukulunywa yi-crucian akuqinisekile. Ukugoqa i-carp ye-crucian usuku lonke, kepha isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuluma isikhathi samahora asekuseni noma kusihlwa, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezizolile zesimo sezulu esitebekile.
Ukulunywa yi-crucian's kuthule futhi akunakuphikwa, ngakho-ke izingwegwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezinegobela azinakugwenywa. I-Crucian cishe njalo ithatha ngokuvilapha futhi igwinye i-nozzle kungekudala, ngaphandle kokuthi ilambe kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-float iqala ukuthuthumela, bese iqala kancane ukuya eceleni. Okwamanje, kuyadingeka ukugxila. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ukulunywa kwe-carp enkulu ye-crucian kuyafana nokulunywa kwe-tench ngisho ne-bream, lapho idonsela ngokushesha ohlangothini noma phakathi nendawo ngokushesha. Ngokuluma okubuthakathaka, kwenzeka ukuthi i-float ilele phezu kwamanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okwamanje isikhathi sokusika asikafiki: inhlanzi izama i-nozzle. Kuyadingeka ukulinda kuze kube yilapho i-float iqala ukuhamba (inhlanzi ene-nozzle emilebeni yomlomo), bese wenza ukusika kuphela. Ukuvuna ama-crucians akufani nobunzima obukhulu. Ukulunywa kwe-crucian yesiliva kunqumayo futhi kuvame ukufana nokukuluma kwe-perch.
I-Crucian carp iyinto eyaziwa kabanzi futhi ebanzi yokupheka kwezinhlanzi. Okumnandi ngokukhethekile kuthosiwe, kudliwe noma kubhakwe.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi
Le nhlobo inezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukile ngombala, ukwakheka nosayizi. Umehluko uncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye nezinto eziningi zemvelo. Ezinhlotsheni ze-silvery, umzimba uphakama, umugqa ongemuva awunazinhlamvu, i-notch ku-caudal fin ikhulu kakhulu.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlukile: esiyindilinga yegolide esiyigolide nesiliva ellong. Ngesikhathi esiyindilinga kusuka ekhanda, umugqa wangemuva ukhuphuka uhele. Umbala wobubanzi obujikelezayo uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumnyama kwegolide kuye kwe-red hue yegolide. Ama-crucians esiliva, ngokungafani nalawo ayindilinga, anjengamanzi amile noma amakhethini athule, kanye namanzi acwebile amachibi namachibi asezikhukhuleni emfuleni.
Ukubukeka kwesiliva ne-buffalo kufanele futhi kuhlukaniswe. Esiswini, izikali ze-carp ze-crucian azihlanzwa kahle - kulula ukunqunywa, futhi ku-buffalo isuswa kalula. I-Buffalo ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abafinyelela ku-15 kg. Kulula ukuhlukanisa i-carp yesiliva crucian kusuka ku-buffalo ngesimo sekhanda: ku-buffalo, ifana nekhanda le-carp yesiliva.
Lolu hlobo luhlukahluka nge-carp lapho kungekho khona amadevu emakhoneni omlomo. Inyama ye-crucian imhlophe, kanti i-carp ibomvana. Ikhanda le-carp lilinganiselwe izinhlaka, futhi izikali likhulu kakhulu. AmaCarps angaba makhulu - aze afike ku-20 kg, futhi abe ngaphezu kwamamitha.
Ukudoba kwentwasahlobo
Lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-15 ° C, i-crucian carp iqala ukuphuma, kwesinye isikhathi abadobi babeka uphawu lokuphanza kwabo cishe njalo ngenyanga. Ukusakazeka okusheshayo kanye ne-zhor crucian ephakeme kunikeza ukudoba okuhle. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlwathi zezinhlanzi kunoma yisiphi isiheho ngokungakhethi. Imihlambi esehlayo isondela ngasogwini, okuvumela ukudoba emhlabeni.
Ukudoba ehlobo
Ehlobo, ubuningi bokudla kwemifino kwenza i-crucian ifaneleke ngezethi. Abadobi basebenzisa ingxube yamalayile: isinkwa, inhlama, okusanhlamvu okunamakha, okunongiwe nge-hemp, ugalikhi, i-vanilla. Emini, izinhlanzi zidinga ukubanjwa eduze kwodaka, kuthi kusihlwa nasebusuku zilume ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ezihlanzekile zamanzi. Ngemuva kwemvula, le nhlobo, ngokungafani nezinye, yehlisa umoya futhi iyeke ukuluma.
Ukudoba ekwindla
Kwisimo sezulu esipholile, inhlanzi inciphisa izinqubo ezibalulekile, iqala ukuphendula kabi ekudleni okuhambisanayo. Umsebenzi wezinhlanzi uyancipha, uqala ukubheka amanzi afudumele ezindaweni ezinodaka. Ukudoba kuyathandeka kakhulu ngokusakazwa kobude obude kuze kube yilapho izinhlanzi ziye ekujuleni kobusika. Izinsuku ezifudumele ekwindla ziyithuba lokugcina labadobi lokudoba i-crucian carp.
Ukuzalisa okwenziwe ngemithi
Amapulazi amaningi okufuya ngempumelelo iKarasi. Ukungathobeki kwabo nobungqabavu babo kufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukudoba. Manje i-carp yesiliva ikhule kunoma yiliphi echibini elingafanele ezinye izinhlobo ze-ichthyofauna ngenxa yekhwalithi emibi yedamu. Ngokuzalela okwenziwe ngenkani, inhlanzi idla ngokulangazela kokuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lapho amanzi ebandayo angavumeli ukutshalwa kwe-carp noma i-carp, le nhlanzi engenantambo inika ukurekhodwa kokubanjwa. Lapho izifo zenzeka echibini, abalimi bezinhlanzi bashiya i-crucian carp (engatheleleki ezifweni) iminyaka eminingana ukubusa ichibi. I-plastikiity ye-gene impahla yofuzo ivumela abafuyi bezitshalo ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlobo ezibalulekile.
Ukubukeka
I-Silver crucian carp inokuhlukahluka okubonakalayo okuningi kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezivamile ngokulinganayo - iGolden, noma okubizwa ngeCommon Crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Umlomo we-Cassius gibelio, noma uC. Auratus gibelio wohlobo lokugcina, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezintuthwane. Indawo ye-peritoneum kulezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile, njengomthetho, ayinamibala. I-dorsal fin yinde impela futhi ihlobene ngaphakathi ngaphakathi. Amazinyo we-single pharyngeal.
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ungabalwa esikalini esikhudlwana, esinemibala ekhanyayo, kanye nokuphakama komzimba okuphelele. Imvamisa, umbala wesikali se-crucian enjalo une-brown-grey or greenish-grey hue, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona okucatshangwayo okuyigolide futhi kupinki-orenji ngombala ongafakwanga lolu hlobo. Amanoni acishe abe sobala, omnqumo okhanyayo noma ompunga, opende kancane.
Izinkomba zesilinganiso sokuphakama nobude bomzimba zingashintsha impela ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile zangaphandle, kubandakanya nezimo zasendaweni yezinhlanzi. Okunye futhi okuhlukanisayo ukwakheka kwemisebe yokuqala yama-anal kanye nama-dorsal fins, okuyi-spike eqinile enensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke eminye imisebe ye-fin ibonakala ngokuthamba okwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ikhono elimangalisayo le-carp ye-crucian ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezihlukile zezemvelo kanye nokwehluka kokubukeka ngokuhambisana nazo, kwasivumela ukuba sikhulise uhlobo lwenhlanzi olusha nolukhangayo, olwalubizwa nge- "Golden Fish".
Ezindaweni ezinokuswelakala kokuphakelayo, ngisho nabantu abadala bakhula nje njengesundu. Isisindo esiphezulu se-goldenfish ebusweni bokudla okuningana futhi okuzinzile kokudla kaningi asidluli amakhilogremu amabili noma ngaphezulu, ngesilinganiso somzimba somuntu omdala osendaweni yobude obungama-40-42 cm.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa, i-crucian carp igcinwa isondele ezansi noma igibela emithonjeni yezimila ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Esigabeni sesinambuzane esikhulu ehlobo, inhlanzi ebukekayo ye-lepid idla ukhuphuka ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingenhla.
Ngendlela yabo yokuphila, i-crucian carp eyingxenye yesigaba sezinhlanzi ezifundayo, kepha abantu abakhulu abadala nabo bangagcina ngunye.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezidumbu zamanzi, izinkomba zemisebenzi yansuku zonke yezinhlanzi azifani. Imvamisa, umsebenzi wokuphakama wenzeka kusihlwa nakusihlwa ekuseni, kepha kumachibi athile namachibi, i-crucian carp idla kuphela ebusuku, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlanzi eziyingozi ezidlayo. Futhi, umsebenzi weCasssius gibellio uthonywa yizimo zezulu nokuhlukahluka kwesizini.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Silver crucian carp iyinhlanzi eqondayo, kodwa ekhuthele kakhulu, enendlela yokuphila ehlala phansi, kepha ngesikhathi sokuvela, abantu abadala bayakwazi ukushiya amanzi echibini emikhawulweni yemikhumbi noma bavuke imifula enkulu.
Emanzini echibini eligelezayo nedamu elihlanzekile eligeleza ngokuphelele elinombuso omuhle we-oxygen, carp ye-crucian iyakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi wonyaka wonke. Emanzini agxilile anenkinga enkulu yokubulawa yindlala komoya-mpilo, i-crucian carp ivame ukufihlwa isikhathi eside. Izici eziphoqa izinhlanzi ukuthi zinciphise imisebenzi yazo yemvelo zibandakanya “ukuqhakaza” kwamanzi okubangelwa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu le-phytoplankton.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi singangeminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, kodwa futhi kuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube nabantu abadala kanye nabantu abakhulu abaneminyaka yabo engadlula iminyaka eyishumi nambili.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Isigaxa sesiliva sitholakala emigodini yemifula enjengeDanube neDnieper, iPrut neVolga, nasezindaweni eziphansi ze-Amu Darya kanye neSyr Darya. Abamele lezo zinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile agcwele amanzi basakazeke impela emanzini amachibi asezikhukhuleni emifuleni yaseSiberia nasezindaweni zase-Amur, emfuleni wamanzi wePrimorye kanye nasezigodini zaseKorea naseChina. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo kwe-silver crucian carp ibuyiselwa kanzima, kepha inhlanzi enjalo ivumelaniswa kahle nemisinga, zonke izinhlobo zamanzi omfula kanye neichibi, ngakho-ke, isondelene ngqo negolide.
Eminyakeni yamuva, i-crucian carp isatshalaliswe ngenkuthalo ngisho nasezindaweni ezintsha zalolu hlobo, futhi iyakwazi nokufaka indawo yegolide, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezinhle zokukhuthazela kanye nekhono lokuphila emanzini anamazinga komoya ophefumula ngokweqile. Ezikhathini ezomile, ngomiswa kwechibi ngokwemvelo, izidumbu ze-crucian zigobhoza ezingxenyeni zodaka, zikhule ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa, lapho "zilindela" isikhathi esingathandeki kakhulu.
Kuyamangaza iqiniso lokuthi abamele le nhlobo bangaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sasebusika emizimbeni yamanzi ebanda iqhume. Ama-crucians cruised ayakwazi ukuhlala ezitsheni ezifakwa umoya noma obhasikidi ogcwele ngotshani oswakanyiswe kahle izinsuku ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ukufa okusheshayo kwenhlanzi enjalo kubangelwa ukufakwa kwamanzi esikhundleni se-hydrogen sulfide, kanye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo.
Ijubane lokufakwa koloni ezitolo ezintsha ezine-silver crucian limane nje alikholeki, futhi ngokusho kwezinkomba ezinjalo, le nhlobo ingaqhudelana kahle phezulu okungenakubekelwa phansi. Abanye abalimi bezinhlanzi baphakamise ukuthi i-carp yesiliva emachibini ezwe lethu yaphumelela ngempumelelo ukuqoqa iningi lezihlobo zabo eziseduzane. Noma kunjalo, i-carp yesiliva ithanda imithombo yokushisa efudumele enamanzi okuma naphansi okuthambile. Emifuleni, inhlanzi enjalo iyinhlobo engandile futhi izama ukuhlala ezindaweni enendawo ehamba kancane.. Emanzini lwamachibi namachibi agelezayo, i-crucian carp yalolu hlobo nayo iyivelakancane.
Ukudla kwesiliva crucian
Izinto zokudla eziphambili ze-omnivorous isiliva crucian carp wethulwa:
- ama-invertebrates asemanzini,
- eduze namanzi
- izinambuzane kanye nesigaba sazo sokudla,
- zonke izinhlobo ze-algae
- imifino ephakeme
- umdwebo.
Ekudleni kwe-goldenfish, kubaluleka kakhulu ekudleni kokusuka kwezitshalo, kanye nezilwane ezingama-planktonic, ezi-crustacean. Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwenkathi ebandayo, ukudla kwezilwane kuyathandwa.
Izindawo zodaka echibini nasemanzini echibini zifaka izindawo ezinodaka ngaphansi kwendawo kanye nogu oluseduze nasogwini, olunothile izihlahla zezitshalo ezinamanzi amancane. Kukulezo zindawo lapho i-detritus nama-invertebrate ahlukahlukene asuswayo kusuka esiqu sezitshalo. Lapho zidla endaweni esegwini lolwandle, izinhlanzi zenza imisindo ekhathazayo kakhulu yokushaya. Emanzini asemfuleni, i-carp yesiliva i-carp ibamba imifudlana enenkambo elula noma ehamba kancane. Izicucu zezimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi nemilomo yezinkokhiso, zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezilengiswa ngaphezulu kwamanzi ziyaheha futhi kuma-crucians.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokuqhathanisa nezinhlamvu ze-morphological sici se-carp yesiliva ezihlala ezimeni ezihlukile zezemvelo, kungenzeka ukusungula isilinganiso sokuhlukahluka kwe-morphological okubonwe kulolu hlobo. Ngeshwa, ezindlini eziningi zokugcina, inani elijwayelekile lesiliva carp carp, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ligcwele "izitha zemvelo ezingapheli", esinye sazo esingumjikelezo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Khumbula, ngaphandle kokuthi ama-crucians amadala awanayo isibalo esikhulu sezitha zemvelo, inhlanzi enjalo ithanda indlela yokuphila eqaphile.
Noma kunjalo, ngokungafani negolide, i-carp yesiliva crucian ayikwazi ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele yi-rotan, ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Ezimweni zokuqinisa ngokwanele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi zasekhaya ezifuywayo kanye ne-ichthyology, ucwaningo lwazo zonke izinhlanzi zemvelo ezihlala ngokukhululeka ezihlala ezindaweni eziningi zezwe lethu ziyafaneleka. Ngokusho kokuphawula, kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule izinhlobo zoRedfin bezilokhu zikhuphula ngokuqinile inani lazo lamanzi okugcotshwa kwamanzi ahlukene kanye nezindikimba zamanzi ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke uhla lwale nhlanzi lubanzi kakhulu.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo kubhekwa njengokukhulisa ifomu le-Amur, ukuhlanganiswa ngensimbi yegolide kanye namanye ama-cyprinid. Phakathi kokunye, i-crupian carp ine-plastiki yemvelo ebanzi, ngakho-ke, inani eliphelele labantu ligcinwa noma ngabe lihlala ezimeni ezihluke kakhulu kunalezo, elenzelwa izinhlanzi njalo. Isimo sohlobo lwe-silver crucian carp: inhlanzi yinto eyinqaba hhayi nje yokudoba kwasendaweni, kepha futhi neyokudoba amateur nezemidlalo.
Inani lokudoba
Iningi labamele abamele ama-cyprinid, kufaka phakathi negolide, bayizinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu zentengiso. Abamele le nhlobo bangeniswa emanzini esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika, emachibini aseThailand, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNdiya.
Kamuva nje, i-carp yesiliva i-crucian isuse izimpande ngokuphelele, futhi ngenxa yalokho iye yaba yinhlanzi edumile yokuthengisa ezweni lethu, emachibini aseKamchatka. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-crucian carp ibivame ukukhuliswa emapulazini amachibi noma epulazini. Phakathi kokunye, izingxenyana ze -fishfish zaba yisisekelo sokuzalelwa kwe-aquarium goldfish nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa eChina.
Umsebenzi wansuku zonke nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka
Ezilondolozini ezihlukene umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla we-crucian carp awufani.Imvamisa iyasebenza ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa, kepha kumachibi athile namachibi kungondla kuphela ebusuku. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulezo zokugcina lapho i-crucian carp kufanele yabelane ngendawo nezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wansuku zonke uthintwa yizimo zezulu. Isibonelo - ekushiseni kwehlobo, i-crucian carp ingadla kuphela ekuseni - lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi lincane, futhi kunesimo sezulu esinamafu nesipholile - usuku lonke.
Umsebenzi wesikhathi se-carp we-crucian ngokuya ngezimo ezikuchithile. Kumachibi okugeleza nakwizihlambi ezinesimo esihle se-oxygen, carp ye-crucian ingasebenza unyaka wonke. Kumachibi amile, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi indlala komoya-mpilo ebusika, i-crucian carp izowela ebusika. Kungase futhi hibernate maphakathi nehlobo - uma umzimba wamanzi ahlala kuwo ufudumele kahle. Ukuqhuma kwe-carp okunamandla okubangelwa i-phytoplankton nakho kungabangela i-carp ye-crucian ukunciphisa umsebenzi. Emifuleni, i-crucian carp imvamisa isebenza unyaka wonke.
Umsoco
- Umlingiswa: omnivorous.
- Izinhloso: ama-invertebrates asemanzini naseduze namanzi, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ulwelwe, izitshalo eziphakeme, i-detritus. Ngokungafani negolide, ukudla okunezitshalo kanye nama-cranktonic crustaceans abaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwesiliva.
- Izintandokazi Zonyaka: uncamela ukudla kwezilwane ngenkathi ebandayo, futhi omnivorous in the time the time.
- Izindawo zokuhlala: emachibini nasezichibini, lezi yizindawo ezinodaka phansi, noma izindawo eziseduze nogu olunezicubu zezitshalo zasemanzini ezinamanzi, lapho izihlahla ze-crucian carp zayixazulula i-detritus kanye nama-invertebrates avela ezihlahleni. Lapho inhlanzi idla ezindaweni ezinjalo, imvamisa inika ubukhona bayo ngemisindo yokushaywa kocingo. Emifuleni, i-crucian carp igijima ngokulinganayo kuya kushibhile kancane. Izikebhe zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, kanye nemilomo yezinkokhiso kanye nezihlahla ezilengiswe phansi ngaphezulu kwamanzi - konke lokhu nakho kukhanga i-crupian carp.
Ukusakaza
- Iminyaka yokuthomba: Iminyaka engama-2-4.
- I-t ° edingekayo yamanzi: 13-15 ° C.
- Izizathu ezivulekile: izigaba ezingezansi zikhule ngezitshalo.
- Umlingisi Ohlwayayo: kuvame ukuhlukaniswa, kepha kwezinye iziqiwi zokutholwa, i-caviar ingahlanzwa ngesinyathelo esisodwa.
- Izici: isiliva carp izinsikazi ziyakwazi i-gynogeneis - ukuzala kabusha ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa ezinhlotsheni zabo. Umnyombo wale ndlela ukuthi i-caviar yegolide ingavundiswa nobisi lwezinye izinhlobo zecyprinid (carp, carp, tench, goldfish). Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa okugcwele ngokuphelele akwenzeki - i-caviar ivuselelwa kuphela ukuthuthukisa, futhi zonke izibungu eziye zaqhekeka kuzo ngamakhophi ezakhi zofuzo zowesifazane obeke amaqanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwezinye iziqiwu, inani le-carp ye-crucian lingahle lakhiwe ngabesifazane ngokuphelele.
- Isikhathi (sama-Middle Urals): ingxenye yesibili kaMeyi - ukuqala kukaJuni.
Ukususwa ekhaya
I-Carp yesiliva yake yatshalwa eChina futhi yaba ngumsunguli wosizo lwezinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zegolide. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobufakazi bomlando, umsebenzi wokuqala wokuzalela kule ndlela wenziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-13.
Photo 2. Ifomu lokuhlobisa isiliva carcian carp (igolide elijwayelekile).
Lesi sithombe esingenhla sibonisa indlela ejwayelekile ye-goldfish, ngaphandle efanayo kakhulu nokhokho baso. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-carp yokuhlobisa noma enemibala. Lokhu kuzalaniswa akutholakali kuphela ezindaweni zasemanzini, kodwa futhi kwethulwe kwizindawo zokugcina ezingaphandle, lapho ziphila khona kahle - ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwayo okungokwemvelo nokungazami.
Photo 3. Amanzi echibi lokuhlobisa nge-carp yokuhlobisa i-carp ne-koi carps.
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani isiliva ku-Goldfish
Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-silver crucian negolide ngokuyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwe-dorsal fin - okokuqala kune-notch elula, elesibili yi-convex. Amanye amaphiko ku-carp yesiliva i-carp imvamisa ayindilinga kancane kunegolide.
Photo 4. Dorsal Fin of a carp crucian.
Photo 5. Dorsal fin of Goldfish.
Isibonakaliso esilandelayo ukwakheka kwesihlaka. Ku-goldfish iyindilinga, isiliva - ikhonjisiwe kancane.
Photo 6. Ngakwesobunxele - isiliva carp car, ngakwesokudla - igolide.
Ungahlukanisa nezinhlanzi ngenombolo yesikali emugqeni we-lateral. Ku-carp yesiliva i-carp, izikali zikhulu kancane kunegolide, ngakho-ke isibalo esincanyana sibekwa endaweni eseceleni - ukusuka kuma-27 kuye kwangama-31. Kugolide, kukhona ngaphezulu kwalokho - kusuka ku-32 kuye ku-35.
Njengokwengeziwe, kepha hhayi isimilo esiyinhloko, umehluko kumbala wezinhlobo zombili nawo ungabonakala. ISilver crucian, njengomthetho, inombala ogqamile wesiliva grey ne-tint ekhanyayo yethusi. IGoldfish ivame ukupenda ngophawu lwegolide olubunjiwe. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwesiliva crucians, abantu abane-hue ephuzi golide kwesinye isikhathi bayatholakala, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukusebenzisa lo mkhakha ekunqumeni inhlanzi.
Enye into okungenzeka ukuthi ihlukaniswe phakathi kwesiliva lensizwa negolidefish indawo emnyama ngaphansi komsila wokugcina.
Photo 7. Indawo emnyama ngaphansi komsila wezinhlanzi ezincane zegolide.
Ku-carp yesiliva crucian, lesi sici sokufaka imibala asikho kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka.
I-Hybrid, dushman, mestizo
Zonke lezi ngamagama endawo wesiliva crucian carp. Eqinisweni, akukho ukuguqulwa okukhethekile nokuxuba kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo okwenzekile. Hhayi, ngaphezu kokuzalela eChina kusuka kulolu hlobo lwe-aquarium goldfish. Yebo, iyi -fishfish eyakhiwe kahle ngokwezifiso ezivela esiliva i-Amur crucian carp.
Ungathola imibono yokuthi i-crucian carp iyi-hybrid, ngoba yayiwela nge-carp, noma into efana naleyo. Kepha lokho akwenzekanga. I-Hybrid, i-mestizo, i-dushman - amagama adumile, kuya ngesifunda.
E-Astrakhan, kanye nakwamanye amaMuscovites (ngokusobala ngemuva kohambo lwebhizinisi lakwa-Astrakhan), le nhlanzi ibizwa ngephutha ngokuthi yiBuffalo. Kodwa-ke, i-buffalo yinhlanzi ehluke ngokuphelele (ngaphezulu kwalokho okungezansi). Ukwakheka komzimba we-crucian kuyahluka ngokuya ngezimo zokuphila. Emifuleni, i-hybrid imvamisa yinde, iqhutshwe ngaphezulu. Amachibi - obukhulu, ozungezayo. Umbala ubuye uhlukane negolide lesiliva liye kumnyama. Kodwa-ke, zibomvu njenge-goldfish, iDushman-hybrid-crucian ayenzeki.
Konke ukuhleba lokhu kungenxa yokungazi ubuntu bokuzala kwale nhlanzi namahlebezi. Indlela yokuzalela isiliva - gynogenesis . Kalula nje, abesilisa balesi siqhwaga se-crucian kaningi ngesibalo kunabesifazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, omama be-carp bavele kanye nezinhlanzi zamanye ama-cyprinid - u-bream, i-carp, i-roach.
Ngokulandelana, I-Carapace caviar ivundiswa nobisi lwezinye izinhlobo zama-cyprinid. Kulokhu, ukuwela awenzeki kanjalo - i-caviar ivundiswa yodwa, kanti i-spermatozoa yezinye izinhlanzi isebenza kuphela njenge-catalyst. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-carp yesiliva ejwayelekile izalwa, futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, futhi abesifazane.
Azikho nzalo ze-carp ne-crucian carp, nokunye okunjalo, njengento enkulu, ekhona. Uma ngezikhathi ezithile ama-nzalo weqiniso emvelo (i-crucian carp, i-roach, i-crucian carp) kusakhiwa, khona-ke ngamanani amancane, futhi awathinti echibini labantu abaningi, ngoba abakwazi ukuzala. Yonke i-hybrid (dushman, mestizo, i-Astrakhan buffalo), ngaphandle kwe-buffalo-Chukuchans yaseMelika yangempela, engashadile futhi ene-crucian carp ngokuvamile, ayifani nje ngokubukeka, kepha futhi nomndeni wezinhlanzi - i-carp ejwayelekile yesiliva. Umbala nokwakheka kungahluka ngokuya ngemibandela yedamu nokuhlanganiswa kweqiniso okungajwayelekile kwamanye ama-cyprinids (angahle anganakwa, ngoba kwenzeka phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kepha asizibizi zonke izinhlanzi emhlabeni hybrids).
Buffalo
Kwesinye isikhathi kwamanye ama-video nezindatshana zesiliva crucian, i-buffalo ibizwa ngephutha, njengoba sekushiwo, kubhekwe ukuthi lokhu kuyafana nomshushi kanye ne-hybrid.
Eqinisweni, i-buffalo yinhlanzi ehluke ngokuphelele, ngisho nasemndenini. Buffalo - Izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi zaseNyakatho Melika zomndeni wakwaChukuchanov. Ngeminyaka yama-70s e-USSR bazame ukukhulisa inyathi encane ( Ictiobus bubalus ) kanye ne-buffalo emnyama ( Ictiobus niger ).
Kusukela ngo-1971, le nhlanzi yaphakanyiswa emfucumfucwini wezinhlanzi waseGoryachy Klyuch, emva kwalokho kwenziwa imizamo yokuzalela emachibini, nasezihlangwini zaseKuibyshev naseSaratov. Imizamo yokuzalanisa nayo iye yaphawulwa naseBelarus nase-Ukraine. Kodwa-ke, i-buffalo ayizange ivele nathi - futhi yanyamalala. Futhi ukuzalanisa kwakungeyona inzuzo.
Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezingavamile ungabamba le nhlanzi kusuka kithi kuze kube namuhla, ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Lesi sivakashi siphesheya asihlangene ne-crucian carp. Kodwa-ke, kumavidiyo amaningi e-YouTube, abanye "ochwepheshe" abangafundile bayibiza ngenkani i-carp ejwayelekile. Njengokulindelekile, i-buffalo yangempela, eye yavuza okuncane kakhulu emithonjeni yethu ngenxa yemizamo yokuthola leyo misiphu, ayikwazi ukuphazamisa i-carp crucian. Akayona ngisho nomndeni we-carp, kepha uyiChukuchan.