Amapheya ama-arthropods ancela igazi atholakala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinambuzane zihlala esifundeni esiPhakathi, eMoscow esifundeni saseMosesi, ezingakwazi ukuhlakulela:

Akugcinanga lapho, bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-fleas e-rat aphila ngamagundane kuphela, ama-canine kuphela ezinjeni, ikati kuphela nokunye, kepha izifundo zakamuva emkhakheni we-entomology zikhombisile ukuthi amabaxana ahlala ezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele awadeleli ukuluma abantu, abaseduze kwalezi zilwane. Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ngokushesha maqondana nezinhlobo eziningana ezivame kakhulu zamasele.

Amaza ahlala emhlabeni wonke futhi, ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo, anezimpawu ezihluke ngokuphelele. Lapha sibheka futhi sichaze izici ezibalulekile zezikebhe zabantu ezivame kakhulu nezilimazayo esifundeni esiseRussia. Funda kabanzi ngohlobo ngalunye lwamakhaza ngokwehlukana. lapha.

• Zondla ngegazi labantu nezilwane kuphela, kepha ungahlali ngqo kuzo
• Zidlulisela izinhlobo eziningana zesifo sohlobo lwe-typhoid, isifo, uchoko, i-hepatitis B no-C, i-encephalitis ebangwa yi-tick kanye nenqwaba yamagciwane emathunjini.
• Zihamba ngokugxuma futhi ziyakwazi ukumboza ibanga elingamamitha ayi-2 ngasikhathi esisodwa
• Zihlala ziqala ngamanani amakhulu ezakhiweni, kepha azihlali ezindaweni ezihlelekile
• Ngemuva kokulunywa yizimpukane, ingagcwele igazi kusuka emizuzwini embalwa iye emahoreni ambalwa

Isithombo: isithombe

Amabafu ahlukahluka kwizinambuzane eziningi ezifuywayo ngoba zincanyana kakhulu ngosayizi futhi zihamba ikakhulu ngokugxuma.

• Amabafu abantu abadala aqala ngosayizi ukusuka kumamilimitha angama-0,5 kuye kwayi-5.
• Umbala ungahluka kusuka kwesinsundu yethusi kuya cishe kumnyama.
• Isinambuzane sinamabili amabili emilenze, imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngoba kuhloselwe ukugxuma.
• Amaqanda okuzala anombala omhlophe ngombala, aze afike ku-0.5 millimeter ubude.
• Izibungu ezifika kumamilimitha angama-5 ubude zinomzimba oyindilinga, ohlukaniswe ngezigaba futhi umbozwe izinwele.

I-flea enkulu eningiliziwe esithombeni ihlala isithombe esikhulisiwe senziwe ngamathuluzi akhethekile nama-Optics. Eqinisweni, amabaxana abheka amachashazi amnyama amnyama, ngenxa yekhono lawo lokugxuma, angakwazi ukudambisa imizimba yabantu lapho nje uwawabona.

Ukuluma izingane

Ama-fleas esintu amadala adla kuphela igazi labantu nezilwane, ngakho-ke, ukulunywa okuhlala kubonakalisa ubukhona bawo egumbini lokuqala.

• Ukulunywa kwethambo kuzwakala ngokushesha lapho inambuzane igobhoza isikhumba nge-phenoscis yayo.
• Ukuluma kwesikhunta kubangela ukudonsa okukhulu, umuzwa ovuthayo endaweni ethile.
• Esizeni sokulunywa, ububomvu buvela, indawo ingavuvukala futhi ngokushesha icishe iqale ukuqina ngokuqinile.
• Amaza aluma abantu nezilwane zivame ukuhlangana ziye egazini, ngoba imithambo ethambisa kanye nokhilimu kwesinye isikhathi ayikwazi ukukunciphisa ukulunywa kwawo.
• Amatafu adla ngokuzungeza iwashi futhi azikhathazi ngokukhethekile ngokukhethwa kwezindawo zokulunywa.

Uma une-fleas, thintana nodokotela futhi uthathe izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze ubeke eceleni ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi utheleleke ngezifo eziyingozi kanye nama-parasites.

Amaza akhiqizwa kanjani

Amapheya awahlali emakoloni futhi axhumana nawo kuphela ekusakazeni. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, insikazi kuqala kufanele ithole igazi elanele ukuhlinzeka amaqanda ngokudla okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuwabeka phansi.

• Ukuthuthukiswa kweqanda le-embryonic kuthatha cishe isonto.
• Umuthi wensikazi ubekela amaqanda ama-3 kuya kwayi-15 ku-clutch eyodwa.
• Isimo sobucwayi sitholakala ezindaweni ezifihliwe - izigaxa zothuli ngaphansi kwefenisha, ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting kanye nama-jambs omnyango, opholini lwefenisha ephothiwe, umphetho wezindwangu zasendlini nezingubo ongakujwayele ukuzisebenzisa.
• Izibungu hatch kusuka amaqanda.
• Izibiliboco zidla imfucumfucu enempilo kanye nezindunduma zamazehlo amadala, kulesi sigaba ziyancibilika amahlandla ama-3.
• I-larva iphenduka i-chrysalis, bese iba umuntu omdala, olungele ukudliwa nokuzala.

Ukuthi ama-fleas akhuthele kangakanani nokuthi isigaba ngasinye sokukhula kwawo sithatha kangakanani ngokuya ngemvelo.

Mangaki amaza

Izimo ezintofontofo kunazo zonke zokuphila nokukhiqizwa kwamakhethini yilezi:

• Izinga lokushisa lomoya lisuka ku-+18 liye ku- +24 degrees.
• Umswakama ohlobene no-60% noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuntuleka kokusalungiswa.
• Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezisithekile lapho ungacasha khona.
• Ukusondela kokudla - abantu noma izilwane ezinegazi ezifudumele.

Ukuthi mangaki amabafu ahlala ezigabeni ezihlukene kuya ngokushisa, umswakama kanye nokushintshashintsha kwawo. Kuya ngemibandela:

• Amaqanda aqandelwa insikazi kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-10.
• Isigaba se-larval sithatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kwezingu-7.
• I-Pupae ikhula kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-8.
• Umuntu omdala uhlala kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya eminyakeni eyi-1.5.

Kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, flea eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda angama-400, ngakho-ke noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu, amabaqheqhe anda ngokushesha okukhulu.

Gcoba

Gcoba - Yisinambuzane esincela igazi, esiyisithwali esibalulekile sezifo futhi singaba inkathazo enkulu. Amapheya ayizinambuzane ezihlala ngaphandle komsingathi (isb. Ama-ectoparasites). Njengomenzeli oyinhloko odlulisa ukufa kwabantu abamnyama (isishayo se-bubonic) ngeNkathi Ephakathi, babeyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ezilandelanayo zezinto ezaholela ekufeni kwekota yabantu baseYurophu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ama-fleas akha iqembu elincane lezinambuzane, okungenzeka ukuthi zaqhamuka kukhokho weMecoptera (scorpions), ezinazo izici ezithile. Womabili la maqembu anesisu esidabukisayo, umehluko wobulili enanini le-ganglia esiteshini sezinzwa ze-ventral, izindlala eziyisithupha zoxande nohlobo olulula lwe-ovary.

Abesilisa baba nohlobo olufanayo lwesidoda, oluhlukile kuhlobo lwe-arthropod, lapho kufakwa khona i-flagellum noma umsila, ongenalo indandatho yangaphandle yama-tubules ayisishiyagalolunye. Izinsalela zamathambo ezitholakala e-Australia kuthiwa zineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200. Amanye amafosili amabili adumile avela e-Baltic amber (Oligocene) futhi afana kakhulu namazeze "anamuhla".

Ukubukeka nokwakheka kwamakhethini

Ukuzala kuyinto izinhlayiya ezincela igazi, zidla ngegazi lezilwane ngisho nabantu. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile besinambuzane bungama-5-8 mm. Ungayihlola kuphela ngesibonakhulu, unqume Isikhunta sinesisindo esingakanani - kuphela ngosizo lwesikali esikhethekile se-elekthronikhi, ngoba isisindo saso singama-gramu ayi-0,03 kuphela.

Umzimba wethambo uphakeme futhi uyanikela. Unezimbambo ezi-3 zemilenze, ingemuva lide kakhulu kunangaphambili. Amapheya awanamaphiko, ahamba ngokuxhuma. Umbala usukela kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama. Isidumbu simbozwe ngamabhulashi - ngosizo lwawo, amabafu kulula ukuhlale uvolo. IPygidium itholakala esiswini - isitho esikhethekile esiphendula imibhobho yomoya.

Ukuchazwa kokuzalela Bekungaphelele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemishini yomlomo. Kuluhlobo lokubhoboza-lokuncela, liqukethe isitayela: ukukhula okuqinile komhlathi obukhali obeka esikhundleni samazinyo. Ngosizo lwama-fleet fleas ahlaba isikhumba futhi andise isilonda. Ngemuva kokufaka amathe esilondeni, lesi sinambuzane singena ngaphakathi ukuze size emthanjeni. Inqubo yokugcwaliswa kwegazi ihlala kusuka kumaminithi ayi-1. kufika emahoreni angama-3-4.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani flea?

Amabava izinambuzane ezincane ezingenamaphiko ezine-cuticle eqinile, enamabhulashi amaningi futhi evame ukubhebhetheka ophahleni olubanzi. Ubukhulu bamafishi asebadala buyahlukahluka ukusuka ku-0,1 kuye ku-1 cm ubude. Cishe ziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2 000 zezinhlobo zemifino nezinhlobo ezingama-subspecies ezaziwayo, kepha lokhu ku-oda kusekuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu amaningi ezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, kusabalele phakathi kwabanye, njengogandaganda wegundane kanye ne-flea yegundane, ethwelwe ngabantu emhlabeni wonke.

Kuma-anatomically, amabaxhegu amadala aqoqelana ngokulinganayo kodwa ahlukanisa iqembu, ngokulungiswa okuningi okuthokozisayo nezixhumanisi ezimbalwa ezisobala kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Umzimba ocindezelwe ubavumela ukuba basheshe badlule ezinweleni noma ezimpaphe zomsingathi, kuyilapho iziponji noma izikebhe eziphuma emuva zikhonza ukuzivikela ngaphakathi koboya, izinwele noma izimpaphe.

Imilomo yabo iguqulwe ukuze incele igazi futhi ifaka izinaliti ezinobuhlalu ezisiza ukungena kwamakhemikhali esikhunjeni somgcini kanye nokunamathiselwe kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisebenzisa isikhathi eside ezinamathiselwe kumgcini womgcini (ngokwesibonelo, amabafu anamathele). Njengomthetho, amabalengwe ahlala kumahostela nsuku zonke anamehlo akhule kahle, kanti izinhlobo ezihlangene kumakhosi angaphansi komhlaba (isb. Ama-moles) noma izilwane zasebusuku (isib. Amalulwane) zinamehlo akhula kahle noma azinawo nhlobo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Amadivayisi weflaya ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu athuthuke kakhulu imilenze ye-hopping. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwazo, amaza, njengezinambuzane eziningi zokuhluma, alahlekelwa amaphiko awo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingxenye zomshini wokundiza zazigcinwa futhi zifakwe emshinini we-jump.

Ezinambuzaneni ezindizayo, amaprotheni enjoloba, abizwa ngokuthi i-resilin, enza i-hinge ngalo amaphiko anamathele kuwo emzimbeni. I-Rezilin idonsa ukucindezela nokungezwani okwenziwe ngesikhathi sethonya ngalinye lephiko, futhi namandla aqoqiwe adluliselwa ngomphumela wezinto ezipholile, ezisiza ukuqalisa umthelela ngamunye olandelayo.

Ama-fleas, naphezu kwesimo sawo esingenantambo, agcina ukuqina esifubeni endaweni lapho imilenze inamathele khona emzimbeni. Lapho izingqimba zezimpukane zigxotshwa, amaphilisi anamandla acindezelwe, futhi anakekelwa kulelizwe ngomshini obamba imithambo. Okwamanje ngaphambi kokugxuma, izicubu zomcako ziyaphumula namandla asemicamelo ye-resilin adluliselwa emilenzeni. Lokhu kudala umphumela we-lever odonsa i-shin ngayinye nezinyawo zawo emhlabathini futhi ngaleyo ndlela wenza ukuthi i-flea igxume.

Lapho kuhlala khona amabafu

Ukwethula ngemininingwane, yini amaza, udinga ukwazi ngezici zobukhona bezinambuzane emvelweni. Amaza ahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, asebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi azivumelanisa kalula nezimo zezulu eziguqukayo. Lokhu kubenza bahlaselwe cishe futhi bakwazi ukusinda ezimeni lapho ezinye izinambuzane eziunca igazi zifa.

Indawo eyindawo yokuhlala amabaxi izidleke zotshani, izitebele zokubheda kanye nemibhede yemfuyo, umhlaba okhululekile, amadiphozi amatshe. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zihlala isikhathi esiningi endlini futhi zishiya ukudla kuphela. Abanye baphoqelelwa ukuthi njalo babe semzimbeni wesilwane.

Ihlala kuphi intwala?

Photo: Cat flea

Izinhlobo zezinhlwayi zasendaweni zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamakhaza, ezibandayo nezishisayo. Ama-fleas, ikakhulukazi ama-Xenopsylla cheopis, abhekwa njengezithwala eziphambili zegundane (endemic) typhoid, isifo esithengisayo kubantu. Umthombo wokutheleleka amagundane namagundane. Ama-fleas abhekwa njengabalulekile ekunakekelweni nasekusakazweni kwezifo eziningi ezivinjelwe endaweni phakathi kwamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi i-tularemia ne-Russian entwasahlobo yehlobo entwasahlobo.

Ama-fleas adlulisela i-myxomatosis, isifo segciwane likanogwaja esisetshenziswa ngamabomu ukulawula unogwaja ezindaweni lapho zinezilokazane ezinkulu (ngokwesibonelo, e-Australia). Ama-fleas kungenzeka ukuthi aphatha izinja ze-filariasis futhi akhonza njengomphathi ophakathi kwethipeworm (iDipylidium caninum) yezinja namakati, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, izilwane zingalimala kakhulu noma zibulawe ngenxa yokulimala kwezindiza, ngenxa yalokho, zilahlekelwe yigazi. Amabafu athambekele ekuhlaselweni yi-parasitism kusuka kumikhaza yangaphandle, izibungu zangaphakathi ze-nematode, kanye namagciwane, ukhunta kanye nezifo ezilula.

Igqiza elingena ngaphakathi kowesifazane ligxotshwa esikhunjeni sendawo eliyiphethe, imvamisa ngezinyawo zalo, futhi lihlala kuyi-cyst eyakha elizungezile.Ukulwelwa okukhulu kuhambisana nokukhula nokwanda kwe-cyst, ngoba isisu sohlafunana olukhulelwe lukhula lube usayizi wethanga, ukutheleleka kwesibili kungaba yizinkinga ezinkulu.

Manje usuwazi ukuthi amabafu akuphi nokuthi ungawabhekana kanjani nawo. Masibone ukuthi badlani.

Ukusakazeka kokukhula, umjikelezo wempilo

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi babengabaza: flea yisinambuzane noma cha. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, kwenzeka ukuthi kucatshangelwe izici zesikebhe futhi kutholakale imijikelezo esemqoka yokuthuthuka kuphela ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu. Ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezi-4 zokukhula kwamakhaza, okuvumela ukuthi kubonakale embusweni wezinambuzane:

1. Iqanda yisigaba sokuqala lapho kwakhiwa khona umzimba wezibungu ngaphakathi kweqanda.
2. I-Larva - umzimba owakhiwe ushiya igobolondo leqanda ukuze uthole okwanele ngaphambi kwesigaba esilandelayo soguquko.
3. I-Pupa - izibungu zakha i-cocoon lapho umzimba wayo uguqulwa ngokuphelele.
4. Abantu abadala - umuntu omdala ushiya ikhukhunathi.

Iningi lezinambuzane linamagqabha amabili: inhlobo ihlukaniswe ngabesilisa nabesifazane. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka flea. Ukudweba noma isethulo lesikimu lizokhombisa ngokusobala izingxenye zomzimba wesinambuzane: umzimba omncane wesibopho, ikhanda elincane, izinyawo ezinde kanye nemihlathi emikhulu eqinile. Kwabesifazane, isidoda sitholakala emzimbeni, futhi emadodeni, kukhona uzipho locansi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, insikazi igibela emhlane weduna, zixhunyaniswa nezitho zangasese futhi zikulesi sikhundla amahora amaningi.

Owesifazane okhulelwe ukulungele ukubeka amaqanda ngokushesha nje emva kokukhulelwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ukubumbana kwenzeka kanye ngosuku. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi kakhulu noma insikazi ilambile futhi ikhathele, ayikwazi ukuhlehlisa ukubekwa. I-flea ingazalela amaqanda angama-2 000 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabo ngeke ikwazi ukuthuthuka, kepha okusele kuyodonsa futhi kusinde uma kungathola ukudla okwenele.

Izinhlobo zamapheya anezithombe

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi amakhefu ezilwanyana kufanele ahlala kuphi. Kepha hlukanani izinhlobonhlobo zamaza hlala kuphela kuboya bohlobo oluthile lwesilwane. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, bahlukaniswa. Ezinye izinhlobo ezejwayelekile yilezi:

1. UFline - uhlala emakati, kepha angaziluma izinja nabantu. Banomzimba othambile, omnyama noma onsundu.
2. ICanine - ukuluma izinja, amakati nabantu. Ama-bristles amakhulu asemizimbeni yawo asiza izinambuzane zinamathele ezinweleni. Imilenze enamandla yangemuva iwavumela ukuba agxume kalula kwezinye izinja namakati.
3. Amagundane - Izithwali eziphambili zesifo. Zidla ngegazi lamagundane, zingaluma umuntu. Zihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ngosayizi womzimba, ezingafinyelela ku-4 mm.
4. Inkukhu - phila ngezinkukhu ezifuywayo nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni zasendle. Zidla ngegazi lezinyoni. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezinhlobo ukukhula okulimazayo emakhanda abesilisa.
5. Okomuntu - uhlobo esidla kuphela igazi labantu. Uyakwazi ukuhlakulela izingulube nezilwane ezifuywayo. Elikhulu, lifinyelela ku-4 mm, umbala womzimba onsundu noma umnyama.

Ukwazi yini amaza, ungahlukanisa uhlobo oluthile kolunye futhi uqonde ukuthi kungakufanelekela ukwesaba ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokulunywa.

Yini fleas ingatheleleka ezilwaneni

Akunandaba fleas ezilwaneni bheka, cishe bonke bayakwazi ukuluma futhi badle igazi lomuntu. Kepha ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala emzimbeni womuntu: ukwakheka kwezinwele zomuntu kuhlukile ekwakhekeni kwezinwele. Umuntu akakwazi ukuthola amakhefu ezilwaneni, kepha ukulunywa kwakhe kuhlala kuyingozi kuye. Ngokuthintana nesilwane esigulayo, kufanele kubhekwe izinyathelo zokuphepha: sebenzisa amagilavu, ungazibambezeli wena. Ngemuva kokucubungula izinwele zezilwane, kubalulekile ukuzihlola: kungenzeka ukuthi ukulunywa amamaki kungatholakala emzimbeni.

Incazelo yamaza: indlela yokuphila, ukwakheka komzimba

Amabaha angokuhleleka kwe-arthropods eshaye igazi. Ubude be-parasite bungafinyelela ku-5 mm, izinsikazi ngemuva kokondla zikhula zifinyelele ku-1 cm, zivundisiwe - zifinyelela ku-1.5 cm.Isidumbu sentambo siyakhanda nesisu, sigqoke ngesembozo esimfushane, isiqu sithambile emaceleni. Ngenxa yaleli fomu, lesi sinambuzane sihamba kalula phakathi kwezimpaphe, uboya nezingubo. Umbala - ukusuka ophuzi kuya kokumnyama.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izilwane eziningi zishintshile ngaphandle. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi indathane yanamuhla ibukeka icishe ifane nokhokho bayo.

Amapheya awanawo amaphiko, kepha ahamba ngokugxuma ngosizo lwamabili amathathu wemilenze emide neqinile. Kwezinye izinhlobo, imilenze imfishane, ngakho-ke ihlala isemzimbeni womnikazi. I-paw iqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu, iphetha ngama-bristles abukhali abunjiwe, abekwe ekugcineni.

Umzimba wethambo umbozwe ngemikhaba nangamabhulashi, owusiza ukuba usheshe ngokushesha phezu komzimba wesisulu. Ekhanda kukhona ama-scallops aserver. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo se-parasite, akunakwenzeka ukuphuma, ukugedla noma ukususa, kungenzeka kuphela ukuchoboza ngomunwe.

Ngemuva kwesisu kukhona i-pygidium, isitho sokuzwa esimbozwe izinwele zezinwele. Baphendula ngezinguquko ezincane zomoya futhi baxwayisa ngengozi.

Uhlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane luqukethe i-oviduct, ama-ovari nesithako (ngendlela yeplashini egobile), abesilisa - uzipho lwezocansi (isitho esikhiqizanayo).

Ngemuva kwamehlo kukhona izimpondo. Amaduna abambelela kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Isikhathi sabo sonke basesimweni sokukhubazeka.

Uhlobo lomlomo luyabhoboza. Ngemuva kokuluma isikhumba, flea yandisa isilonda, imfihlo yamathe, evimbela ukwanda kwegazi, bese ingena shí emgodini wegazi lapho ifunca khona igazi. Ayikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesikhumba sikaza.

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokususa amazefu efulethini ngokwakho

Ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobonhlobo eziphelele, zingama-30 kuphela ezikwazi ukuhlala nomuntu efulethini. Kepha lokhu kwanele ukuqala ngokulangazelela ukuthola ukuthi ungaziqeda kanjani izimuncagazi uwedwa ekhaya.

Vele, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lifuna usizo lwabachwepheshe abazofaka izinambuzane emahoreni ambalwa nje. Kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, ungahlala usebenzise amakhemikhali athengiwe noma amakhambi abantu afakazelwe.

Ngingalinda nje

Isikhathi esiphilwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sefishi ihlala amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ngayinye iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-500. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimuncagazi azikaze zihlale "kumakhosi" wazo. Bakhetha ukuthula, bacashe efulethini: emifantweni yaphansi, phezu kwenqwaba ekhaphethi noma yezingubo, okombhede noma kwembethe. Futhi bagxumela kubantu nasezilwaneni ukuze bathole ukudla.

Ngakho-ke, ukuzama ukususa amaza ekhaya, kufanele ucabangele izici eziningana:

• Ngaphandle kokudla, ama-parasites amadala ayafa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kepha izibungu nezinhlwathi ziyakwazi ukuphila amaviki nezinyanga, zilinde abanikazi ukuthi babuye. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba kuyisinyathelo esingaphumeleli ekulweni namagciwane.
• Izinga lokushisa elingama-25-30 degrees Celsius likhuthaza ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-flea metabolism. Bakhula banda futhi banda ngokushesha, kepha baphile izikhathi ezi-2. Kumakhaza, inqubo ephikisanayo iyenzeka. Izinambuzane zihamba kancane, kuvame ukuluma abantu nezilwane, kepha isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyelulwa. Abantu abadala namaqanda bafa emazingeni okushisa angama-zero. Kepha amaphayiphu ayakwazi ukuzivikela futhi aphile izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke, ngokuqothulwa kwezindlu, kusamele uphathe ingaphezulu ngamasongo.
• Amaza agxuma afike ekuphakameni kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu. Ngakho-ke, bahlala kakhulu phansi, kusofa kanye nakokhaphethi.

Ukuze uqede izinambuzane ngokwakho, kuzodingeka ukhiphe izigaba eziningana, ezingabulala izinambuzane ezindala kuphela, kodwa nalezo ezikhula emaqanda.

Ama-Insecticides athengiwe

Amathuluzi ochwepheshe wanamuhla asetshenziswa ngochwepheshe ekulweni nezinambuzane, awasenamakha futhi awathandeki futhi aphephile kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuphuma efulethini izinsuku eziningana, uma udinga ukuqeda amazeze ekhaya.

Kwanele ukucubungula yonke indawo futhi uhambe amahora amaningi.

Kepha akuwona wonke amakhemikhali athengiswa emakethe afana nale ncazelo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuvikela ikhala, amehlo nesikhumba kobuthi.

Ngokumelene namabalengu kuzosebenza:

• I- "Dichlorvos" nezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi,
• I-Raptor
• Ukuhlasela,
• I-Medilis
• Karbofos
• I-Biorin
• "I-Butox 50",
• "Cucaracha"
• I-Biorin
• IsiTetrix
• ISinuzan
• AmaTsifok,
• "Indlu ehlanzekile" nabanye.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-chemistry ngokwakho, udinga ukwenza ukuhlanza okumanzi okujwayelekile, ukuxubha zonke izinto.

Lapho-ke yonke indlu ihamba ngezinyawo, bese kuthi yonke indawo, amakhaphethi nezindwangu zicutshungulwe ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-3-5, ungangena umoya endlini bese ubuyela ekhaya. Esontweni elizayo, kunconyelwa ukuthi ungagezi izitezi, izindonga nefenisha, kodwa ukhukhule kuphela amaza afile emgqonyeni wezibi.

Amakhambi esintu

Eminyakeni eminingi yokuphila nezidalwa ezihlaselayo, abantu bathole ezinye, izindlela eziphephile zokulwa kunokusebenzisa ubuthi obugxilile. Ngakho-ke, uma ifulethi linabantu bathambekele ekuguleni komzimba noma ezinkingeni zesikhumba, uhlelo lokuphefumula, izilwane kanye nezingane, ungasusa amazeze ekhaya usebenzisa izindlela eziphephe ngokuphelele.

Imiphumela yokushisa esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ebusika, iningi lama-parasite lingaqandeka iqhwa, likhipha umoya egumbini losuku. Ehlobo kungcono ukulenga yonke imibhede kanye nokhaphethi ukufudumala elangeni izinsuku ezimbalwa. Umphumela uzoba mkhulu kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-generator enomphunga.

Idivaysi yokuhlanza izinto nezindawo eziphezulu izoshisa amanzi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. I-Steam izongena kalula kunoma imiphi imifantu ibulale amagciwane namaqanda ayo.

Ungaxosha nezinambuzane ngokwakho usebenzisa:

• Usawoti onosawoti. Kwanele ukuthambisa isipuni sezinto zombili ezingxenyeni zamanzi. Leli thuluzi lisiza ngokuphelele ngobuhlungu bezinyo, futhi lapho lifafazwa ngaphezulu lonakalisa imizimba yezimungulu, ngenkathi lihlala liphephile ezinganeni nasezilwaneni.
• Imvubelo yegallic kanye ne-burwer's. Leli thuluzi elenzelwe labo abesabi iphunga elithile endlini. Kuyadingeka ama-clove ama-3 ochotshoziwe emaphephandabeni ukuxuba ne-30 g kafulawa. I-gruel ibekwe eceleni kwendlu, isabisa amabale nge "iphunga".
• Sawdust kaPine. Lesi magciwane asendulo. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umbhede wesilwane, ukubuyisa kanye zonke izinsuku.
• Izithelo zeCitrus. Amafutha abalulekile akagcini nje ngokuhogela ubumnandi, kepha futhi axosha namaza. Ungamane ubeke amakhonkco azungeze indlu noma ufafaze okuphezulu ngokugxila kwemvelo okuhlanjululwe.
• I-Chlorine Ngokugeza phansi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isixazululo se- "White" ngamaconsi ambalwa ama-ammonia. Iphunga elixakile liyoxosha izinambuzane, futhi i-alkali izowabulala.
• Uviniga Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu, ungasebenzisa futhi ingxube ye-3-6% acid ne-camphor ngokulingana okulinganayo. Amaconsi ambalwa e-cologne azosiza ukususa iphunga elingajabulisi.
• Kungcono ukususa izinambuzane ezifile nobumbene bazo ezintweni ezinesihlanza se-vacuum. Kepha kuyadingeka ukuphatha imishini futhi ikakhulukazi isikhwama semfucumfucu ukuze singabi isisibambiso esithwala amabafu.

Hlanza indlu yakho ezintabeni!

Ama-Insecticides athengiwe

Amathuluzi ochwepheshe wanamuhla asetshenziswa ngochwepheshe ekulweni nezinambuzane, awasenamakha futhi awathandeki futhi aphephile kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuphuma efulethini izinsuku eziningana, uma udinga ukuqeda amazeze ekhaya.

Kwanele ukucubungula yonke indawo futhi uhambe amahora amaningi.

Kepha akuwona wonke amakhemikhali athengiswa emakethe afana nale ncazelo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uqaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuvikela ikhala, amehlo nesikhumba kobuthi.

Ngokumelene namabalengu kuzosebenza:

• I- "Dichlorvos" nezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi,
• I-Raptor
• Ukuhlasela,
• I-Medilis
• Karbofos
• I-Biorin
• "I-Butox 50",
• "Cucaracha"
• I-Biorin
• IsiTetrix
• ISinuzan
• AmaTsifok,
• "Indlu ehlanzekile" nabanye.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-chemistry ngokwakho, udinga ukwenza ukuhlanza okumanzi okujwayelekile, ukuxubha zonke izinto.

Lapho-ke yonke indlu ihamba ngezinyawo, bese kuthi yonke indawo, amakhaphethi nezindwangu zicutshungulwe ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-3-5, ungangena umoya endlini bese ubuyela ekhaya. Esontweni elizayo, kunconyelwa ukuthi ungagezi izitezi, izindonga nefenisha, kodwa ukhukhule kuphela amaza afile emgqonyeni wezibi.

Amakhambi esintu

Eminyakeni eminingi yokuphila nezidalwa ezihlaselayo, abantu bathole ezinye, izindlela eziphephile zokulwa kunokusebenzisa ubuthi obugxilile. Ngakho-ke, uma ifulethi linabantu bathambekele ekuguleni komzimba noma ezinkingeni zesikhumba, uhlelo lokuphefumula, izilwane kanye nezingane, ungasusa amazeze ekhaya usebenzisa izindlela eziphephe ngokuphelele.

Imiphumela yokushisa esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ebusika, iningi lama-parasite lingaqandeka iqhwa, likhipha umoya egumbini losuku. Ehlobo kungcono ukulenga yonke imibhede kanye nokhaphethi ukufudumala elangeni izinsuku ezimbalwa. Umphumela uzoba mkhulu kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-generator enomphunga.

Idivaysi yokuhlanza izinto nezindawo eziphezulu izoshisa amanzi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. I-Steam izongena kalula kunoma imiphi imifantu ibulale amagciwane namaqanda ayo.

Ungaxosha nezinambuzane ngokwakho usebenzisa:

• Usawoti onosawoti. Kwanele ukuthambisa isipuni sezinto zombili ezingxenyeni zamanzi. Leli thuluzi lisiza ngokuphelele ngobuhlungu bezinyo, futhi lapho lifafazwa ngaphezulu lonakalisa imizimba yezimungulu, ngenkathi lihlala liphephile ezinganeni nasezilwaneni.
• Imvubelo yegallic kanye ne-burwer's. Leli thuluzi elenzelwe labo abesabi iphunga elithile endlini. Kuyadingeka ama-clove ama-3 ochotshoziwe emaphephandabeni ukuxuba ne-30 g kafulawa. I-gruel ibekwe eceleni kwendlu, isabisa amabale nge "iphunga".
• Sawdust kaPine. Lesi magciwane asendulo. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umbhede wesilwane, ukubuyisa kanye zonke izinsuku.
• Izithelo zeCitrus. Amafutha abalulekile akagcini nje ngokuhogela ubumnandi, kepha futhi axosha namaza. Ungamane ubeke amakhonkco azungeze indlu noma ufafaze okuphezulu ngokugxila kwemvelo okuhlanjululwe.
• I-Chlorine Ngokugeza phansi, kungcono ukusebenzisa isixazululo se- "White" ngamaconsi ambalwa ama-ammonia. Iphunga elixakile liyoxosha izinambuzane, futhi i-alkali izowabulala.
• Uviniga Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu, ungasebenzisa futhi ingxube ye-3-6% acid ne-camphor ngokulingana okulinganayo. Amaconsi ambalwa e-cologne azosiza ukususa iphunga elingajabulisi.
• Kungcono ukususa izinambuzane ezifile nobumbene bazo ezintweni ezinesihlanza se-vacuum. Kepha kuyadingeka ukuphatha imishini futhi ikakhulukazi isikhwama semfucumfucu ukuze singabi isisibambiso esithwala amabafu.

Hlanza indlu yakho ezintabeni!

Ungazivikela kanjani kumaza

Akwanele ukuqeda izinambuzane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ababuyi, kumele kuthathwe izindlela ezithile zokuthintela. Futhi okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi efulethini, e-Attic nengaphansi, omakhelwane abanawo amagundane, amagundane noma ezinye izinto ezithwala amagciwane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabafu azobuyela futhi kuzodingeka abheke futhi indlela yokuwaxosha ekhaya.

Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo zixhumana kancane nezilwane emgwaqweni. Ngemuva komhlangano onjalo, kwanele ukuhlenga ingane, futhi ugeze izinto.

Kungcono ukuvikela isilwane ngokungathi sína:

• Thenga ukhokho wokuphindisela wegciwane. Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, yize ibiza kakhulu, iHartz.
  Sebenzisa amaconsi, amahlumela ukuphatha izinwele zezilwane. Izindlela ezithandwayo ezisebenzayo zohlobo lwemikhiqizo Frontline, Advantix, Bar, Rolf.
• Beka isilwane sakho ngama-shampoos akhethekile njengochungechunge lweRolf Club.
• Kuyalule futhi ukuthi njalo njalo kuhlanganiswe izinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo ngokwakho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kwamakhaza namaqanda awo.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina indlu ihlanzekile futhi njalo kuhlanzwa okumanzi. Futhi uma amabafu ebuya, umuntu akufanele alinde, ngethemba lokuthi le nkinga izonyamalala uqobo, kodwa masinyane athathe izinyathelo zokulwa namagciwane ukuze kugcinwe impilo yawo wonke amalungu omndeni.

Ungasusa kanjani amakhowe endlini ngemithi yabantu, izitshalo ezizosiza ukuqeda izimuncagazi

Amaza izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezingadla egazini lazo zombili izilwane kanye nezabantu, ngenkathi ziletha ukuphazamiseka okuningi.

Lezi zinambuzane zanda ngokushesha futhi zisakazeka kuyo yonke indlu.

Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukubasusa ngesikhathi. Ake sibheke ukuthi zingasuswa kanjani amakhowe endlini ngemithi yabantu, ngoba le ndlela iphephe kakhulu kubantu.

Ungasusa kanjani amabalela endlini okukhona kuyo ingane

Ezinye izinto ezithengiswayo zezinambuzane zingadala ukuthi ingane ibe nomzimba omubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ingane ingekho.

Kwezinye izimo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile, ngokwesibonelo:

• Thola okuthengiswayo okuqukethe izinto zemvelo, njengomhlonyane, uwoyela womsedari kanye neminti.
• Thenga i-shampoo esekwe eucalyptus, juniper, lavender ne-geranium. Izingane zithanda ukuhamba nezilwane ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zigezwe njalo, zigeze intamo zazo ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokubhukuda, isilwane kumele siphinde sidingidwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungisa isisombululo kusengaphambili: ubilise ulamula owodwa kwilitha lamanzi, ugcizelele i-ejenti amahora ayisikhombisa.
• Kuyadingeka ukungena ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke indawo, ukwenza ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile, futhi izinto zezingane kufanele ziphathwe ngokushisa ngensimbi.
• Kubalulekile ukugeza izicathulo zomgwaqo, unake okukhethekile.

Izincomo ezinje zizovikela ifulethi ekubonakaleni kwam fleas.

Izindlela zokulahla izinambuzane ngokushesha

Njengomuthi othengwe ngesivinini esikhulu, ungancoma lezo ezisohlwini.

• I-Diatomite Insecticide kuzithako zemvelo, ezitholakala njengempuphu. Impela ayinangozi. Umkhiqizo kumele uhlakazeke phezu kwekhaphethi bese ushiya usuku. Lapho-ke udinga ukuphuma nge-vacuum ngokuphelele, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukuphinda ukukhohlisa futhi.
• I-Dichlorvos Ithuluzi elidumile elikuvumela ukuba ubhekane nezinambuzane zanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ukwakheka kufaka i-pyrethroids: i-deltamethrin, i-cypermethrin, i-permethrin. Isebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kepha ayiphephile empilweni.
• I-Raptor Iyatholakala njenge-aerosol. Izinzuzo eziphambili azinobuthi futhi zinephunga. Ungasusa izimuncagazi ungaphumi egumbini.
• I-Aerosol ifafazwa egumbini, futhi umuntu angaqhubeka nokuba kuleli gumbi.
• Eqinisweni, kunezindlela eziningi zokuphindisela kwezinambuzane eziphumelelayo, ezinye ezinobuthi, ezinye akunjalo.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo.

Ingabe flea soda nosawoti usize

Isoda nosawoti kuy amakhambi asebenza kahle. Izinhlayiya zikasawoti, lapho zingena emzimbeni wegciwane, ziqala ukusilawula. Uma ufaka usawoti ekhaphethini, khona-ke zombili izibungu nabantu abadala bazokufa ngokushesha. USoda wenza ngendlela efanayo. Zombili izindlela ziphephile ngokuphelele.

Ukuthola umphumela omuhle, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela:

• khipha abaqashi nezilwane ezifuywayo egumbini,
• ukukhipha izitsha, ukudla, noma yini engasiza emahoreni angu-4,
• geza izisekelo ngesisombululo sobumsulwa noma uviniga.

Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ukwakheka kusengaphambili, ngoba lokhu udinga ukuxuba isawoti nosawoti ngokulingana okulinganayo bese uyishiya ukuze ichithe amahora ayishumi.

Manje ukwakheka kusakazeke ekhaphethini bese kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngomshanelo noma ngebhulashi. Uma igumbi linephansi lokhuni noma i-linoleum, ligezwa ngamanzi ngengxube eseqediwe.

Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa ngokucophelela, igumbi livaleka amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, umkhiqizo ususwa ekhaphethini ngesicoci se-vacuum, nange-rag emanzi evela ku-linoleum.

Ukuthuthukisa umphumela, inqubo ingaphindwa futhi, lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda izibungu ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziningana ezingafani ezingasusa ngempumelelo izinambuzane. Imikhiqizo enjalo ayinobuthi futhi ayizidali i-allergies.

Kodwa-ke, uma isimo singanakwa futhi amabafu asakazeka efulethini, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithengiwe ezisuselwa kumakhemikhali.

Umuthi onamandla wabantu Ungaphuma kanjani efulethini elinamakhambi abantu

Baqala ukulwa namazeze nezidakamizwa ezivimbayo - lawa amakha nezitshalo eziphephile kubantu, ezikhipha iphunga elimnandi efulethini. Lezi zinambuzane ezifanayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zizokwesaba iphunga futhi kancane kancane zizishiya ziphela endlini.

Lokhu kubalulekile: Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele izinambuzane ze-flex flex, kufanele uzishintshe njalo izinto ezisetshenziswayo - iphunga lazo kufanele libe yipistine, futhi njalo.

Amafutha abalulekile

Amafutha abalulekile angasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-fleecy ebusweni nezinye izindawo ezithambile zezindwangu. Kepha imvamisa omama bezindlu bavama ukwehlisa izitezi - ukwelashwa kwethulwa kunomthelela omuhle ekuhlanzekeni kwegumbi, okubuye kuqakathekiswe ekuqedeni amazeze, nakumadlelo abantu.

Lokhu kubalulekile: Qaphela ukusebenzisa izinto zokwelapha u-oyili obalulekile oyigulisayo kubahlali basekhaya. Amafutha abalulekile nawo angabonwa kabi yizilwane - lokhu kufanele futhi kubhekwe kakhulu ngenkathi kwenziwa.

Amakhambi

Izindlela ze-Folk zokubhekana nokuhlaselwa kwe-flea zikhanga kakhulu, kusetshenziswa imali kuphela ngephunga elikhangayo. Ngakho-ke, amabafu wokuzala awabekezeleli iphunga lomhlonyane nokushunqisa - amakhambi asensimini ngokufinyelela kwabantu mahhala.

Ukuxosha isibalo sabantu ngaphandle kwendlu, kwanele ukubeka izixha zomhlonyane omusha noma ukhuni ezindaweni ezinokwenzeka nezikhona zokuqongelela. Kunconyiwe futhi ukuthi izilwane zihlengelwe ngamakhambi - lokhu kufanele kwenziwe bobabili lapho kukhona amabaqa emzimbeni wesilwane, nalapho zingatholakali khona ukuze zivikeleke.

Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo enjalo ingaba yingozi ezilwaneni nasezinganeni ngenxa yobuthi bejusi elicashilewe eziqwini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlela amakhambi ukuze izilwane kanye nezingane zingadlali nazo.

Izithelo zeCitrus

Ama-fleas asendlini awabekezeleli iphunga lezithelo zikawolintshi, ngakho-ke kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngoba le mikhiqizo ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke imizi.

Ukucutshungulwa akudingi isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi kusuka kubahlali basefulethini - vele usabalalise amakhasi we-ulamula, owolintshi, owomvini noma wolamula ezindaweni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo, kepha amakhefu angangena kuwo (izimbobo zokufaka umoya ophansi, ngaphansi kwamabhodi asisekelo nokwemboza phansi). Kuyasiza nokusabalalisa amakhreyithi nje kulo lonke ifulethi eduze kwezicucu zefenisha.

Amoniya

I-Amoniya ihlala ikhona ezindlini zosizo lokuqala, ngakho-ke kufanele ilaphe igumbi lapho ibonwa khona imifuzane. Ibhakede lamanzi lizodinga amaconsi ambalwa we-ammonia kuphela. Isixazululo esidingekayo kufanele sihlanzwe ngamanzi endlini. Le ndlela isetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Iseluleko esisebenzayo: Kufanele futhi ugeze uketshezi lwakho ngesixazululo se-ammonia lapho ukhona noma ungatholakali namabala emzimbeni wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhede yezilwane, amathoyizi athambile wezingane ayaqedwa.

Isitshalo se-Peritrum

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlala efulethini zingasifaka ubuthi isitshalo sazo. I-Peritrum yizimbali zezimbali ze-chamomile zibe yimpuphu.

I-peritrum imane nje isakazeke ezindaweni zokutheleleka kwe flea - kukhaphethi, ifenisha nasezindaweni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo ezikhonjiswe ngenhla. Ingxenye iphephile kubantu nasezilwaneni, ngakho-ke noma isilwane sisebenzisa into encane, ngeke sibangele ubuthi.

Ucingo lwensimbi

Ungabhubhisa amaba usebenzisa insipho yomgwaqo - lokhu akuyona kuphela ikhambi le-anti-flea. Ngaleli thuluzi, ungasusa izimbungulu, amaphuphu nezinye izilokazane efulethini. Ukusetshenziswa kwensipho kwenziwa ngokufaka nje usofa ezindaweni ezinegciwane - phansi, amabhodi e-skirting, ukhaphethi, ifenisha, kanye nezilwane (izilwane kufanele zigezwe nsuku zonke zisebenzisa lo mkhiqizo).

Insipho ye-Tar igezwa ngaphezulu bese ishiyelwa imizuzu eyi-10 umphumela owenzelwe lokho. Ngemuva kwalokho zigezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

Lokhu kubalulekile: Ukwelashwa kwamazeze ngekhambi elenziwe kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke. Ngale ndlela, izinambuzane zingadliwa ngokushesha futhi ukukhula kwezibungu kungavinjelwa.

I-Boric acid

I-Boric acid iyi-ejenti ephumelelayo yokulwa nefu ekuvumela ukuthi uqede lezi zinambuzane ezingathandeki ngesikhathi esifushane. ukucekela phansi isibalo sabantu, kwanele ukufafaza i-boric acid powder ekhaphethini. Ngamanzi ngokungezelelwa kwe-boric acid kwifomu ewuketshezi, ungafeza ukuhlanzwa okugcwele okugcwele endlini - lokhu kuzovimbela abantu bezintwala ukuthi bathuthele kwezinye izindawo.

Usawoti

Ngokuntuleka kwe-boric acid, ungasebenzisa ikhambi elihehayo le-anti-flea elitholakala ezindlini zonke - le yindlela ehlukile yokulwa ngokuthile nezinambuzane. Usawoti uyisengezo sokudla esibulala ngokushesha amabafu. Amakristalu kasawoti awela emzimbeni wezinambuzane futhi azonakalise, yingakho abantu befa kancane kancane.

Ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti kuphephile noma kukhona izingane ezincane nezilwane endlini - kudliwe usawoti ngamanani amancane ngeke kubangele ukusabela komzimba noma ubuthi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhambi elenziwe nge-anti-flea kaningi - njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2 kufanele ufafaze ingxenye entsha yengxenye ekhaphethini nasemikhondweni.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma unamabala ezindlini zakho? Ungawachitha kanjani amakhambi abantu izinambuzane?

Njengokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zabantu, inhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana izosebenza kahle. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa isoda ukucubungula ifenisha ephakeme, ungasebenzisa futhi izitshalo ezinephunga elibuhlungu, ezizokhulisa umthelela omningi futhi zikusize ngokuthi ungasusa kanjani izingxenyana ezinamakhambi abantu.

I-Peppermint, ethengwe ekhemisi, izibonakalise njengendlela yabantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela izinambuzane. Ukubheka umphumela wale ndlela, beka amahlumela omile ezindaweni zokuqongelela izinambuzane okukhulu. Naka izindawo ezingaphansi kosofa nemibhede.

Kuqhamuke namabala endlini yami, angazi nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani lokhu, kodwa ukuze ngilwe nazo ngisebenzisa izindlela zesintu kuphela, ngoba ngingumuntu ongahlali kahle. IMint iyangisindisa hhayi okokuqala, ngifuna ukuhlanganisa umphumela ukuze uyixube nezinye izindlela.

Futhi, amakhambi abantu asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isilwane uqobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha amafutha abalulekile wezitshalo ezifanayo ezichazwe ngenhla. Amafutha angezwe kuma-shampoos noma uzenzele owakho amalungiselelo okuhlanzwa koboya ngesisekelo sokugeza esivamile noma insipho yengane engenazo izinto eziyingozi.

I-Wormwood ithathwa njengekhambi elisebenzayo kakhulu labantu lokususa izimbungu Ayisetshenziswanga kuphela ngokumelene namazeze, kodwa futhi nezimpukane, izintuthwane, amabhu, izimpukane zamahhashi, amaphela. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uma imishanelo yomhlonyane ibekwa esibayeni ngemfuyo, izilwane zizobe zingaphazanyiswa yizinambuzane. Ngabe umhlonyane uyasiza ngempela ngamaza?

Ngabe izindlela zesintu ziyasebenza ekulweni namazethi

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ngemuva kokuthola ingxenye yokuqala yobuthi, le flea iba njengesilo sasendle esikhungathekile, iluma konke okusondela ebusweni bayo. Ungacabanga ukuthi ikati elinamakhulukhulu amabhungane lizothola ini? Ungacabanga ukuthi isilwane sizozwa kanjani, esasikhungulwe ngokushesha izinaliti eziyi-100? Amakati amakati "awaphethwe ubudlova" futhi awenzi ukuthi ukuluma kungabi bikho, uyakhumbula?

Ama-aerosols

Ukususa ama-bloodsuckers ngokwawo ngosizo lwama-aerosols, kuyadingeka ukususa izilwane nabantu, ingane ezakhiweni isigamu sosuku, fafaza wonke amakhabethe, ifenisha, ingaphakathi lamakhabethe, amatafula aseceleni kombhede, okombhede, okokugqoka. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuvala amawindi, iminyango bese ulinda amahora ambalwa. Ama-aerosols alandelayo anomthelela omuhle:

• ISinuzan ingumkhiqizo ochwepheshe osuselwa ku-chlorpyrifos yamakhemikhali. Inephunga elingajabulisi le-pungent.Ukugxila kumele kuhlanjululwe ngokuya ngemiyalo bese ufafaza ikhambi eliphelile.
• I-Gett iyi-spray yezinambuzane zasendlini. Indawo enekamelo elilodwa, amathini okufafaza angama-2-3 anele, okumele afafazwe ngokucophelela kuwo wonke amabala.
• I-Raptor isidakamizwa saseJalimane esingenawo iphunga, ngokungafani nama-dichlorvos, sibonisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni izinambuzane. Faka isicelo ngaphezulu, ngenkathi ungakwazi ukushiya isikhala sokuphila.
• I-Raid - ithuluzi elidume kakhulu elibonisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Fafaza umkhiqizo ngaphakathi, linda amahora ambalwa.

Izixazululo

• AmaTsifok - aqukethe i-cypermethrin. Ibhodlela le-50 ml likuvumela ukuthi ucubungule indawo efinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayi-100 ukubulala izinambuzane.
• Thola yithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu. I-vial engu-100 ml ichithwa kwilitha lamanzi. Le mali yanele ukuphatha igumbi elikhulu elinesifutho, kufaka phakathi ifenisha.
• Umuntu obulale lowo kuyindlela ephumelelayo yomzabalazo. Igumbi ezimbili lizodinga amabhodlela angama-20-25. Ibhodlela elilodwa kumele lichithwe nengxenye yelitha lamanzi.
• I- "Cucaracha" isidakamizwa esinamandla esibulala izinambuzane. Ibhodlela elilodwa lama-50 ml lanele ukucubungula i-100 sq.m.
• I- "Tetrix" ikhambi izinambuzane eziphuza igazi. I-30 ml yesidakamizwa ihlanjululwa ngelitha lamanzi. Ingxube ifafazwa noma igcotshwe emanzini.
• "I-Butox 50" - isetshenziselwa ukucubungula amakamelo. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwenziwa ngokufafaza. Ngo-100 sq.m. Udinga ukufaka i-30 ml yesidakamizwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
• I-Medilis yi-25% yama-emulsion egxilisiwe esekelwe ku-pyrethroid cypermethrin. Kwesikwele esingu-1. m. udle u-50 ml we-emulsion emanzi.

Imithetho yokucubungula indlu

Lapho igumbi lilungiselelwe kahle, ukusebenza kulo kulula kakhulu. Ukwazi ubuchule bezenzo zabo, kulula futhi kusheshe ukucubungula okuvela kumakhaza ngokuzimela:

• Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucubungula kwayo yonke i-fleecy, izinto zezindwangu - amathoyizi, amakhaphethi, ama-slipper, amathawula, amakhethini, njll., Ukugaya yonke ilineni nezinto zangasese.
• Izinsika, izingubo zokulala, umatilasi, ezinye izinto zokulala kufanele zichotshozwe, zilenga elangeni amahora amaningi, noma ziphathwe ngejenetha elinamandla.
• Geza yonke indawo emakamelweni - amawashi sill, phansi, ifenisha usebenzisa izibulala-magciwane.
• Vikela izinto ze-fleecy ukuqoqa amaqanda, amazeze.
• Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphelele, kuthinta wonke amakamelo, amakhona uma usebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela.
• Ifulethi elisebenzisisiwe kufanele lishiywe amahora amaningi, livaliwe ngokuqinile.
• Ngemuva kokubuya, udinga ukufaka umoya wendlu ngokucophelela, usule yonke indawo ozoyithinta.
• Ukuze uzuze umphumela omkhulu, udinga ukuhlanza ifulethi izinsuku ezingama-2-4.

Ingabe kukhona amaza abantu?

Amaza izinambuzane eziholela endleleni yokuphila yokuhlanza. Ama-Bloodsuckers awakhethi kakhulu ngokudla, ikakhulukazi lapho ezizwa elambile.

Ingabe amaza aphila kubantu? Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, abangenazintambo bakhetha igazi lenja, lekati. Ama-parasites amancane aluma umuntu uma engenawo omunye umthombo wokudla.

Kodwa-ke, kunohlobo olulodwa lwe-parasite elimunca igazi elivela emndenini kaPulex Irritans oluma umuntu. Umuthi womuntu uncamela ukuphuza igazi labantu, kepha uma lungekho eduzane, khona-ke lingahlala cishe kunoma yiziphi izilwane ezincelisayo emzimbeni.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu kwePulex Irritans, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1500 zamakhemikhali zingadla igazi lomuntu. Kepha iningi lazo lihlakulela ohlotsheni oluthile lwenyoni noma lwesilwane.

Kaningi, lezi zinhlobo zegazi ezingenantambo ziluma umuntu:

Lezi zinhlobo zama-parasite ziluma umuntu uma kungekho bandla eliseduze. Isibonelo, ama-bloodsuckers asogwaja avame ukuhlasela abazingeli.

Ukubukeka kokuzala

Uma ukulunywa ngamaphuzu kubonakale emzimbeni womuntu, kanti izinambuzane ezincane zigxuma zizungeze indlu ukuthola ukubukeka kwazo, kufanele uqonde ukuthi amakhethini abantu abukeka kanjani. Ama-parasites abantu afana kakhulu nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingenamaphiko ezingena gazi.

Izinambuzane zincane kakhulu, zinomzimba othambile. Amaphara anekhanda elincane futhi azinamaphiko. Ubukhulu besinambuzane esidala bungamamitha amathathu.

Ukulunywa yigazi umuntu unemilenze eyi-6, kanti futhi unemilenze yangemuva ekhulayo. Lokhu kumnika ithuba lokugxuma ibanga elide (1.5 m).

Isinambuzane esincamela ukumunca igazi lomuntu sinezinto ezithuthukisiwe zomlomo. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi ajove futhi adonse kalula uketshezi olubomvu emikhunjini.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi kukhona amaza

Unganquma ukuba khona kwephalamende elincela igazi uma utadisha ukuluma kwalo. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi amabafu womuntu ahlala emakhanda abo. Kepha empeleni, izinambuzane ezingabantu zizizwa zikhululekile ngokuphelele ukuthola ubuso, izandla, intamo, emuva, imilenze noma isisu.

Ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezingenamaphiko kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuzizwa kukuhle.

Izimpawu zefishi kubantu:

1. ukuba khona kwezindawo ezibomvu endaweni yoluma.
2. Amachashazi weCrimson avuvukala futhi ayikhotha.
3. Lapho uhlanganisa, kuvela amanxeba nokuhlukumezeka.
4. Uma ukutheleleka kungena phakathi kwendawo ethintekile, kwakheka izilonda.

Lapho indiza yomuntu iluma isikhumba, ngokungafani neentwala, ukuluma kwaso kubuhlungu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinambuzane ezikhetha igazi lomuntu zihamba kakhulu futhi zigxuma kahle.

Ungasusa kanjani izinambuzane

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuletha amaza kubantu. Ngakho-ke, uma kunezilwane endlini, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuphatha izinwele zezilwane nge-shampoo ekhethekile noma izindlela. Ukuvimbela, ikhola ekhethekile kufanele igqoke ikati noma inja.

Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kuyo yonke indlu. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze kahle amakhaphethi, ifenisha kanye nombhede lapho kulele khona izilwane.

Umphumela wezinga lokushisa uzosiza ukuqeda ukungenantambo. Ungageza izingubo emanzini ashisa kakhulu noma unikeze umoya omncane egumbini elangeni.

Futhi, ukuqandisa kuzosiza ukuqeda izimuncagazi zomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, kubalulekile ukufakisha ifulethi kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha le ndlela ayilungele umuntu othambekele kumakhaza.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokususa izinambuzane eziunca igazi lomuntu - ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi noma ngamakhemikhali. Ngokusebenza okuphansi kwalezi zinyathelo, baphendukela ezinsizakalweni zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zomsebenzi ochwepheshe.

Amakhemikhali

Njengoba amabafula edla ngegazi kuphela, kunohlu oluncane lwemithi yokuqedwa kwawo. Isibonelo, lolu hlobo lwe-parasite aludli isheyiti.

Ukuze ulwe namazeze kubantu, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezi-2 zabenzeli:

Bangena emzimbeni wegazi legazi kanye nomoya. Banomphumela osheshayo, ungabhubhisi izibungu, amaqanda.

I-Gardex, i-OFF-Extreme, i-Gall Rat, i-Bee Ban

Ukumiswa kanye namaphawundi

Izithako ezisebenzayo zingena esikhunjeni sezilokazane. Lezi zimali zithathwa njengezisebenza kakhulu kunezifafaza futhi zinomphumela omuhle ohlala njalo.

ICypermethrin, Thola, iTetramethrin-pyrethroid

Ungawasusa kanjani amaza emzimbeni womuntu nokuthi ungawasabisa kanjani amaza asuka kumuntu? Njengoba i-Pulex irritans ingekho kumnikazi wayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla ukubabhubhisa.

Kepha ukuze wesabise izinambuzane, ungaphatha isikhumba ngamalungiselelo amphunga lawo oxosha izinambuzane zabantu (i-clove, i-lime ekhishwa, isixazululo seCheremsha).

Ukulawulwa kwezilokotho zobungcweti

Ukuvikelwa kwezindiza okhethekile kuyadingeka uma inani lezinambuzane zabantu likhulu kakhulu futhi ungeke ukwazi ukuzikhipha wedwa. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngezifo zokuhlanzeka kanye namahhovisi azimele enza umsebenzi wokulawula izinambuzane.

Inqubo yokuqothula ithatha imizuzu engama-20 noma engama-60. Izinsizakalo zisebenzisa izindlela ezi-2 zokusebenzelana ezisebenzayo - inkungu ebandayo neshisayo.

Amakhemikhali asakazeka abe ngamaconsi amancane agobhoza emoyeni amanye amahora angama-4-7. Inqubo isusa amazeze amadala namaqanda awo.

Amakhambi Okukhulisa Izingane

Amapheya kumuntu asemzimbeni awaphili unomphela. Izinambuzane ziqhubekela esikhunjeni ukuze zigcwale, bese ziphinda zibuyele ezindaweni zazo (imibhede, amabhodi ezisekelo, ama-crevices).

Ngenxa yalokhu, asikho isidingo sokuphatha umzimba ngezindlela ezikhethekile. Kepha uma kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu zabantu futhi ziluma njalo ukuvikela isikhumba sezingane ezintekenteke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-shampoo ekhethekile yetiya kuzosiza.

Isidumbu sengane singelashwa ngezindlela eziphephile ezizesabisa izinambuzane eziphuza igazi. Ukususa izimpawu ezingathandeki, kusetshenziswa i-hydrogen peroxide nohlaza okhanyayo kumasayithi okuluma. Ukusuka kokulunywa sebenzisa i-Fenistil.

Ngabe udla yini udoti?

Isithombe: Gcoba isilwane

Amaza adla kuphela igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo (kufaka phakathi abantu), kanye nezinyoni. Ukutheleleka kwesibeletho kungaholela ekulimazeni isikhumba esinzima nasekushayeni kanzima. Yize izilwane eziningi zithola ukungavikeleki okuyingxenye ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindayo noma okuphindaphindayo, abantu (ikakhulukazi abantu) kwesinye isikhathi bangazwakala ngemuva kokuchayeka futhi bahlakulele ukungezwani komzimba.

Izinhlobo ezihlasela abantu nemfuyo zifaka:

• ikati flea (Ctenocephalides felis),
• lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yinkungu yabantu (Pulex irritans),
• inja flea (Ctenocephalides canis),
• intambo enamathele (Echidnophaga gallinacea),
• indiza engena (Tunga penetrans),
• I-Europe yenkukhu flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae), egeza izinambuzane enkukhu,
• I-Western Chicken Flea (Ceratophyllus niger) e-United States.

Amanye amazeze adla kakhulu ngamagundane noma izinyoni kwesinye isikhathi ahlasela abantu, ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho mnikazi wazo ojwayelekile. Lapho amagundane afa ngesifo se-bubonic, amakhefu awo alambile, atheleleke ngesifo se-bacilli futhi efuna ukudla kwenye indawo, angasihambisa lesi sifo kubantu, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinegciwane kakhulu amagundane.

I-Eastern rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) iyisifo esiphatha kakhulu isifo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo ze-fleas (isb. Nosopsyllus flaviatus, Xenopsylla brasiliensis, Pulex allerans) nazo zingasidlulisela ebantwini lesi sifo. Yize kunezimo zesifo esishisayo ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezinye izindawo ezifudumele, isifo somuntu singalawulwa ngokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kwemithi kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isifo (isifo sehlathi) yisifo esande phakathi kwamakhulu ezinhlobo zamagundwe asendle emhlabeni wonke asekelwa kulaba bantu ngamapheya athambisa lezi zilwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu eziyikhulu zamabalenge ezingatheleleka nge-bacillus yesifo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo eziyi-10 zithwala uhlobo lwenhlupheko yasemadolobheni.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Flea Insect

Amanye amabafu (ngokwesibonelo, am flea onogwaja) acace kakhulu ekukhetheni kwawo umnikazi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlangana nezilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene. Ikati lekati lingena hhayi ikati elifuywayo kuphela, kepha futhi nezinja, izimpungushe, ama-mongooses, amathuba, izingwe nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi abantu, uma abanikazi bazo abajwayelekile bengekho.

Izilwane ezincelisayo ezihambisanayo, njengomthetho, ziyanquma kumazeze, wona axhunyiwe ngokwawo. Ngakho-ke, iziqongo zorabi (i-Ochotona) ezihlala ezintabeni ezinamadwala zitholakala nge-genera eyingqayizivele yamapheya, nayo etholakala eziqongweni zezintaba zase-Asia, okubonisa ubudlelwane obusondelene be-phylogenetic phakathi kwalezi zingosi ezihlukaniswe indawo. Am fleas zezinyoni muva nje azivumelanise nabanikazi bazo. Zinezici ezijwayelekile ezimbalwa, enye yazo esobala kakhulu ukwanda kwenani lama-scallops ngaphezulu kwesifuba, okusebenza ukukulungisa ngaphakathi kwezimpaphe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinkawu azondli imifishi, kanye namahhashi nokuningi okungaxutshiwe. Iqembu lesinambuzane kakhulu sezilwane ezincelisayo ngamagundane. Umkhuba wabo wokwakha izidleke emigodini ufaka isandla ekwakheni izibungu zezimbaza. Izilwane ezingenandawo yokuhlala unomphela zivame ukubekezelela amazeze ambalwa.

Yize bobabili ubulili bezimpukane belangazelela futhi bephindelela ukuzondla ngegazi, bayaphila izinkathi zesikhathi ezihlukile, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngubani ozobasingela. Isibonelo, isikeleza sikanogwaja singaphila izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye emazingeni okushisa aseduze nendawo yaso yokuqandeka ngaphandle kokondla.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Little Flea

Imininingwane yeLifecycle itholakala kuphela ezinhlotsheni zezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Zinezigaba ezine zokuphila - iqanda, izibungu, i-chrysalis nomuntu omdala. Amaqanda amhlophe okweqanda we-pearl abekwa emzimbeni, esidlekeni noma endaweni yezilwane zasekhaya.

Isibungu sincane futhi singenamlenze futhi sidla imfucumfucu evela emzimbeni, efana nezindunduma ezomile, izingcezu ezomile zesikhumba, imikhaza efile noma igazi elomile elatholakala esidlekeni sendawo. Ama-fleas abantu abadala adlula ngokushesha emgazini, amunca negazi emathunjini ukuze akhiqize indle yezingane zabo, okudingekayo ekutholakaleni kwe-metamorphosis ethile yezibungu zezikeleza.

Ngemuva kwama-molts amathathu (ezimweni ezingavamile, ezimbili), izibungu zixhuma ukhukhunathi wesilika, ohlanganisa udoti ovela esidlekeni bese ungena esigabeni sezidwedwe. I-pupa iphenduka ibe umuntu omdala ezinsukwini noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zingangena esimeni sokuma sokukhula ekugcineni kwesigaba sezingane futhi ngeke zibe badala kuze kube yilapho kuvela lowo ogciniwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo noma izimo zezemvelo, isikhathi esidingekayo somjikelezo wokuphila we flea siyahlukahluka kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isikhathi sokuphila sengquza endala isukela emavikini ambalwa (ngokwesibonelo, i-Echidnophaga gallinacea) iya onyakeni noma ngaphezulu (i-Pulex allerans).

Umjikelezo wempilo wefleji kanogwaja yaseYurophu (Spilopsyllus cuniculi) kanye nomnikazi wayo avumelaniswe ngokuphelele. Ukuthuthukiswa kocansi kwamapheya abesilisa nabesifazane kungaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile kwama-hormone ocansi onogwaja. Ngakho-ke, amaqanda ogebhezi besifazane avuthwa ngempumelelo kuphela uma edla onogwaja abakhulelwe.

Lapho kuzalwa onogwaja abancane, bobabili ubulili bezintanga bavuthwa bese bushiya umama ngokuzala amathole nezinkukhu, lapho abeshada khona futhi ebekela amaqanda, ngaleyo ndlela enikeza izibungu ngendawo yokuhlala efanelekile. Uma ama-hormone ocansi onogwaja besifazane belawulwa ngamabomu ngokufakwa kwe-progestin yokwenziwa (izakhi zokuvimbela inzalo), ukukhula kokuya ocansini kwelebe lesifazane nakho kuyayeka.

Yize kungaziwa icala elifanayo phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, kuye kwabikwa ukuthi amazethi wegundane awavuni uma edla amagundane egundane kunabazali bawo, nokuthi i-murine flea (Leptopsylla segnis) ithela kakhulu uma ikhule ngaphezulu kumayunithi omndeni, kunegundane labantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ithonya lamahostela asemzini libhebhetheke kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile.

Umjikelezo Wokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Bonke

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwelebe lomuntu ufana nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingenazintambo. Umehluko kuphela ukubekwa kwenqwaba yamaqanda ngowesifazane (2000 impilo yakhe yonke) kanye nemingcele yabantu abadala.

Ama-Bloodsuckers adlulela ezigabeni ezi-4 zokukhula:

Lapho bondliwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene - imibhede, uboya, izingubo, amasofa, amarobhu nokuningi. Ukuvuthwa kweqanda kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili.

Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, izibungu ziqala ukumunca ngenkuthalo izidumbu zezinambuzane ezindala nokunye ukungcola. Ama-Pulex irritans anqoba izigaba eziningana zokuthuthuka, abese edonsa.

Ukuphuma ku-cocoon, i-parasite idinga indawo enhle. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi kusukela esikhathini sokukhiqizwa kweqanda kuya ekubanjweni komuntu omusha kungahlala kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye ngonyaka.

Izitha zemvelo zezindiza

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani flea?

Izitha zamakhempe zingabantu abazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzixosha. Lapho silwa namaza, kungcono ukucubungula ngasikhathi sinye isidleke sendawo, noma indawo yedoti, okuyindawo yokuzalanisa amabafu, kanye nomgcini ogcwele leli gciwane, ngoba izigaba zokungena esivuthweni kanye nezomfundi zivame ukukhula kude nomzimba womgcini.

Kwezilwane ezithelelekile, uthuli lwezentengiselwano, isifutho noma i-aerosol esetshenziswa isilokazana noma isilawuli sokukhula siyasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifunda, amazehlo asemelana nemithi ethile yokubulala izinambuzane, futhi kudingeka izinto ezintsha.Ukulawula izibungu namabavi amadala kude nomgcini wezinsizakusebenza, ama-insecticides noma abalawuli bokukhula bangasetshenziswa ezibayeni naseziseleni zezilwane ezithintekile. Izaphulelo zingasebenza ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa kukasathane.

Umjikelezo wempilo yamapheya uyaphazamiseka lapho izinga lokushisa lehlika ngaphansi kuka-21 degrees Celsius noma kwehle kakhulu umswakama. Ngakho-ke, ukugeza ngamashidi ngokubandayo noma ukushiya izinto ngaphandle ngesikhathi seqhwa kungasiza ukulawula ukutheleleka kwethimba okungenzeka kube kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.

Izindlela zokuvimbela zingasiza ekugwemeni ukuqunjelwa nokucasulwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Kulula ukuvikela amabhungane kunokuqeda ukutheleleka. Kungathatha izinyanga ezi-6 ukususa ngokuphelele amabhungane, ngoba izigaba ezahlukahlukene zomjikelezo wempilo yamapheya zingagcinwa ezindaweni ezifihliwe zendlu nezilwane ezifuywayo, kugwenywe vacuum noma ezinye izinyathelo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ukubabhubhisa.

Yini ingozi ebantwini?

Lapho ubheka kuqala, amakhefu abantu abonakala engenangozi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, anosayizi omncane kakhulu, futhi amachashazi abomvu amancane asala endaweni okukuluma kuyo.

Kodwa-ke, endaweni lapho izinambuzane zabantu ziphuza khona igazi, i-pulicosis ivame ukwenzeka.

Lesi simo sikhonjiswa yizimpawu ezifana nokungezwani komzimba.:

• ikhanda
• ukuqhuma
• izindawo ezikhudlwana ze-lymph,
• ukuthambekela
• uvalo
• umphimbo obuhlungu nomlomo,
• inkinga yokulala
• umkhuhlane.

Ezindaweni zokulunywa yizichwe, kubuhlungu kakhulu. Igazi lifaka i-enzyme esilondeni elivimbela ukuminyana kwegazi.

Imiphumela yokuphambana nobunzima obahlukahlukene, i-hepatitis C kanye ne-B, i-salmonellosis, i-brucellosis, i-tularemia, i-encephalitis ibhekwa njengemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokuhlwabanisa amazeze kubantu. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ukulunywa yizimpukane kuholela ekuqhamukeni kwesifo saseSiberia, lapho kuwo amakhulu eminyaka ayishumi kwafa bonke abantu abayishumi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Yize ukuhlukaniswa kwentela yamaqembu wezinkuku kususelwa kwinhlanganisela yezimpawu zokuziphatha ezingekho emthethweni kakhulu, zibonisa ukungafani okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamaqembu. Emazingeni omndeni noma e-generic, ukwahlukaniswa kubhekelwa ikakhulu ekhanda nasasesifubeni, lapho kukhona khona ama-combs, ukuguqulwa kwesitho sokuphatheka sowesilisa nezitho zokuzala zabesifazane, i-hetotaxia ejwayelekile (ukuhlelwa kwe-setae) nezinye izici.

Isibalo sezintwala namuhla zingahlukaniswa saba yimindeni emisha ngokweqile, okuyinani eliqondile lazo eliya ngohlelo lokuhlukanisa olusetshenzisiwe. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lubona imindeni eyi-superfamili, kufaka phakathi iPulicoidea, iMalacopsylloidea, iCeratophylloidea, iCyptopsylloidea, i-Ancistropsylloidea, iPygiopsylloidea, iMacropsylloidea, iStephanocircidoidea, iVermipsylloidea kanye neHystrichopsylloidea.

Ezinye izinhlelo zingaqaphela imindeni emihlanu noma eyisishiyagalombili eyi-super. Uhlelo oluphambili luchaza imindeni emihlanu esezingeni eliphezulu yohlu lwakuqala ehlongozwe ngo-1982 nguFrancis Gerard Albert Maria Smith. Kamuva, abanye ochwepheshe bathembela kulolu hlelo, bethula amaqembu amasha noma bahlanganisa amaqembu akhona, ngokusekelwe kokufana noma umehluko ekwakhiweni kwesisu, ikhanda nesifuba.

Lolu hlelo lumi ngokulandelayo:

• superfamily Pulicoidea. Kubandakanya amabalengwe amakati nezinja, amabalengwe amagundane asempumalanga, amabafu anamathele namazeze esintu, ukungena, inyoni namaphephisi onogwaja. Kubandakanya umndeni wePulicidae, ne-genera Pulex, Xenopsylla, Tunga nabanye,
• superfamily Malacopsylloidea. Onke amabavi kule superfamily atholakala kuma-rod. Kubandakanya imindeni engu-2, iMalacopsyllidae neRhopalopsyllidae,
• superfamily Ceratophylloidea. Ama-fleas kule superfamily atholakala ngamagundane namalulwane. Wonke amabafu angenayo inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ebhalwe kwezinye izinhlobo ezi-3 ze-superfamili ngekaCeratophylloidea, okubandakanya imindeni eyi-12,
• superfamily Vermipsylloidea. Lawa ngamazethi acwebayo. I-superfamily iqukethe umndeni owodwa i-Vermipsyllidae,
• superfamily Hystrichopsylloidea. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngamaphekula anamahlaya. Zivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kubandakanya imindeni emibili, iHystrichopyllidae neCtenophthalmidae.

Gcoba kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlaselwa ngamakati, izinja nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Ikakhulu, kukholelwa ukuthi lonke ikati nezinja ziyohlaselwa ukutheleleka kwezicucu ngasikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zazo. Akuwona nje kuphela ukuthi amabafula awakhululeki, futhi angacasukela isilwane futhi asenze singathokozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umzabalazo osebenzayo wenziwa ngokumelene namazeze.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo edumile

Kunemibuzo eminingana maqondana namazethi abantu, izimpendulo abantu abaningi abafuna ukuzazi. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bazibuza ukuthi amakhethini angaphila yini ezinwele zomuntu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinambuzane ezingenazintambo azihlali njalo ezincelisayo. Kepha ukuze zanele, izimuncagazi zingagibela ziye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba womuntu, kufaka ikhanda.

Ahlala kuphi amabafula? Ama-Bloodsuckers athanda ukuhlala eduze komthombo wokudla, kepha emakhoneni aseceleni.

Izindawo ezithandekayo zokuhlalisa amagciwane:

• amakhaphethi
• imfucumfucu yezilwane zasekhaya,
• isitezi esingaphansi komhlaba
• Slots sex
• umphimbo
• imibhede
• izingubo
• ukweqa ngamabhodi
• ophahleni
• ifenisha ephakeme.

Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, izinambuzane azihlali nje kuphela, kodwa zizala futhi.

Mangaki amakhefu aphuza igazi lomuntu aphile? Isilinganiso sokuphila se-parasite siyizinyanga ezingama-2-3. Lapho kukhona izimo ezithokomele, lesi sinambuzane sinokuhlala iminyaka eyi-1.5.

Kungani amakhowe engahlali kubantu? Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezivimbela ama-bloodsuckers ukuthi angahlali emzimbeni womuntu. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi abantu banokushisa okuncane komzimba kunenja noma amakati. Isici sesibili - abantu babheka inhlanzeko, okwesithathu - abantu abanabo boya obukhulu lapho izinambuzane zingafihla khona.

Amabafu avela kanjani efulethini

Emakhaya abantu, amakhefu yinto eyenzeka njalo; ezindlini azivamile. Amapheya ahlala ezitezi ezingezansi, kepha angafika phezulu. Izindlela eziphambili zokungena:

• kanye nesilwane esinegciwane
• kusuka kusela elingaphansi noma engaphansi,
• efulethini eliseduze elinegciwane.

Ukuthola izinambuzane efulethini, udinga ukwazi yini imibala fleas nokuthi bathanda ukuhlala kuphi. Endle, amabafu ahlala otshanini nangaphansi kwamatshe. Izindawo abazithandayo kule ndlu ngamabhodi agqamile, imifantu, amakhaphethi nefenisha ephakeme. Isimo somzimba kanye isisindo sezinqe ivumela izinambuzane ukucasha kalula futhi kunzima ukusithola. Kulula ukubona izinambuzane ngemuva. Udinga ukusabalalisa ishidi elimhlophe phansi noma ulimboze ngesofa. Amabala amnyama avele kuwo amabagwala abephuma ngaphandle kokukhosela kwabo beyofuna ukudla.

Avelaphi amakhefu abantu?

Ukuthola izinambuzane ezilambile ngokwanele kungahlala ezinweleni zezinja, zamagundane, zezinyoni noma zamakati. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukuletha izinambuzane ezindlini zabaninizo.

Futhi, amabalele kubantu angabonakala ngemuva kokuhamba emgwaqweni, lapho izinambuzane zazinethuba lokugxumela kalula ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni. Imvamisa, izimuncagazi zabantu zingena emakamelweni kusuka kwizitebhisi noma komakhelwane. 90% wezinambuzane zihlala ngaphansi, lapho zingena ngokukhululeka egumbini lokuphumula zidlula ezindongeni nasemifantweni emincane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi flea eluma umuntu luhlobo lwesinambuzane esilungisiwe. I-Pulex Irritans ingumphumela wokuguqulwa kwezimpawu nezindawo zokuhlala. Kepha naphezu kwesimo esithile sokwakheka kwalolu hlobo, singabhubha ngezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ezinye izinambuzane.

Ukulawulwa kokuzala

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele amabaqha ngosizo lwamakhambi esintu, afanelekile kuphela njenge-prophylactic. Ama-parasites angabhujiswa izinhlobo ezimbili zamakhemikhali: i-powders ne-aerosols. Akunandaba usayizi ongakananibangakanani ubudala nokuthi baqongelele okungakanani egumbini - umphakeli onamandla we-insecticidal uzobakhulula ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo.

Amashubhu angena kulesi sinambuzane esikhunjeni.Zidinga ukuhlakazeka lapho kuhlala khona amachaphaza: azungeze indawo engamakamelo eduze kwesisekelo, ngaphansi kwefenisha, ngemuva kwamabhethri. Imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu i-powder:

Amaphampu aphephile kubantu futhi abulalayo amakhefu. Kepha ikhambi lisebenza ngokuxhumana ngqo nomzimba wesinambuzane. Ukususa zonke izinambuzane, ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukufaka i-powder futhi.

Ama-aerosols asebenza ngokushesha. Angena emzimbeni wamakhaza kanye nomoya, ngakho-ke, angaba yingozi kubantu. Ngaphambi kokucubungula izakhiwo, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlanza okumanzi, uhambise ifenisha kude nodonga, ususe amakhaphethi. Futha konke okuphezulu, vala amafasitela neminyango uvalwe ungangeni egumbini okungenani amahora ayi-6. Bese uphinde ufeze i-frill emanzi bese uvula wonke amafasitela ukuze ubeke izinsalela ze-aerosol.

Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha

I-flea ingahlala ibonwa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka kumnikazi noma ekhaya lakhe. Izithwali eziphambili ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezinesidleke, umgodi, noma ezihlala eflethini. Ezinye izinhlobo zezindiza zihlala ezidlekeni ezishiywe isikhathi eside. Izilwane ezingenamakhaya azinazo izindlu zazo, ngakho-ke amakhefu wazo ahlala emzimbeni unyaka wonke, nawo azala inzalo. Izimuncagazi zincela igazi kungakhathalekile ubulili ukusuka kumzuzu owodwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Lapho ukudla sekuphele, izinambuzane zingaphila isikhathi eside (izinyanga) ngaphandle kokudla, kepha bese zihlasela umgcini ngokuhaha.

Kuyathakazelisa! Eqa impukane iphindwe cishe kayikhulu kunobude bomzimba wayo.

Ingabe amabafu adla ngegazi lomuntu?

Onke amabavi amadala adla kuphela ngegazi. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha noma yisiphi isidalwa esinegazi elifudumele. Uma umthombo wokudla uhamba noma ufa, lesi sinambuzane siqala ukubulawa yindlala.

Lapho kungekho silwane eduze namaphara, aphuza igazi lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinambuzane zivela endlini, okokuqala kudingekile ukuzisusa ezilwaneni ezifuywayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakhethini abantu lapho kungekho bantu nawo angadla ngegazi lezinyoni nezilwane.

Yiziphi izifo ezithwala amazeze?

Ukuziluma kungayingozi futhi kubeka engcupheni yangempela kubantu abathambekele kulwesi. Kepha uma ukuluma, angadlulisela kulowo ohlaselwe ngamagciwane ezifo eziningi, kubandakanya nalawo abulalayo:

• i-salmonellosis - isifo esinezimpawu ezisondelene nobuthi bokudla obukhulu,
• brucellosis - kuthinta izicubu zomzimba zangaphakathi, kungaholela ekukhubazekeni,
• i-tularemia - ibangela ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, kuthinta uhlelo lwe-lymphatic,
• I-listeriosis - isifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, esibangela ukuqunjelwa,
• Isifo se-Chagas - isifo esinezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithinta wonke amasistimu wesitho,
• isifo - isifo esithinta uhlelo lwe-lymphatic futhi sibangela inqubo yokubola kwezicubu.

Amapheya eRussia ziyajabulisa. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi lapho izinambuzane zivela endlini, zisuse ngokushesha.

Ngabe zingadluliselwa emakati noma ezinjeni?

Amasela aluma izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, negazi lezinja namakati lifudumele kunelabantu. Ngakho-ke, ezifuywayo ezingenamaphiko zibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala elula kakhulu.

Imvamisa, abopha igazi ngemuva kokugcotshwa begxuma besuka kwisidalwa esiphilayo, bafuna indawo efanelekile lapho bengabeka khona amaqanda abo. Lapho akhona kuze kube yilapho kuqala indlala. Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi umuntu ezobe eseduzane nezinambuzane, bazobe sebeqala ukuphuza igazi lakhe.

Kodwa ama-bloodsuckers ngezikhathi ezithile agxuma esuka kunja noma ikati liye kumuntu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isilwane kungenzeka ukuthi sithathe uPulex irritans.

Izinambuzane zikhetha umnikazi ngokuhogela. Lapho umthombo wokudla unuka kakhulu, kulapho kudonsela i-bloodsucker.

Amathuba okuthola izinkungu kusuka ezinjeni noma amakati akhuphuka uma umuntu engena ezindaweni zokugxila okukhulu kwama-bloodsuckers. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinambuzane ziqala ukuphuza igazi lanoma yiziphi izidalwa ezinegazi elifudumele ezizoba duzane.

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Kuyathakazelisa amabafu

Amaza izinambuzane eziyingqayizivele eziye zadonsela ukunaka kososayensi emhlabeni wonke. Ungakuqinisekisa lokhu ngokutadisha amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namazeze:

1. Ngomjikelezo wokuphila ojwayelekile ohlala iminyaka emi-2, i-flea endala ingakwenza ngaphandle kokudla kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5.
2. Ama-fleas akhuthazelela kalula ushintsho lokushisa futhi angaphila ngisho naseNorth Pole. Abesabi ngisho nezinga elithile lemisebe.
3. Ama-fleas angenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinambuzane ezingazange zivele ngaphezulu komlando wazo wezigidi zamadola amaningi: ukubukeka kwawo nezici azikashintshi.
4. Isikhunta esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - I-Hystrichopsylla schefferi. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ku-13 mm.
5. Ama-fleas adla kuphela egazini lezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, athelele abathwali bawo ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Izinambuzane ngokwazo azihlushwa yizo.
6. I-flea iyakwazi ukweqa i-1.5 m, eqinisweni idlula ubude bayo bomzimba izikhathi eziyikhulu. Ukuthola umphumela ofanayo, umuntu udinga ukugxuma amamitha ayi-160.
7. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, abantu babephoqelelwa ukuba bakubekezelele njalo ukuba khona kwamakhaya ezindlini zabo. Izintombi ezina Noble ezazigqoka ama-wigs zisebenzisa i-scallop ekhethekile ukukhipha amazeze futhi ziqede ukulunywa okubangelwa ukulunywa.

I-fleas yaqala ukufundelwa ngenkuthalo ngekhulu le-19. Iphayona nososayensi ohlonishwayo kunabo bonke abaqoqe iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke wezinambuzane eziphuza igazi - uC. Rothschild. Imisebenzi yakhe yaba yisisekelo sokwenza isigaba sanamhlanje.

Bukela ividiyo emayelana namazeze:

Avelaphi amazefu efulethini nokuthi awaqede kanjani?

Amapheya efulethini kuvela ngezindlela ezihlukile. Esikhathini esiningi samacala, amabafu alethwa efulethini yizilwane ezifuywayo - izinja namakati. Ngisho ne-hamster ebalekayo noma i-rat ingakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya ngama-parasites uma umnyango wangaphambili wendlu ungcolile futhi iminyango yegumbi elingaphansi ivulekile.

Izindlela ezinkulu zokusatshalaliswa kwezinambuzane:

• Oxhumana nabo bezilwane ezifuywayo emgwaqweni nezilwane ezidukile. Thintana nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo esezenegciwane. Amapheya amaningi ahlala emadolobheni amakhulu awakhathali ukuthi ungubani umthombo wokudla - ikati noma inja, ngakho-ke adluliselwa kalula asuka amakati aya emakati nasezinsikeni eziphikisayo.
• Yard lawns ehlobo. Ngenkathi efudumele, amabafula ayanda futhi abeke amaqanda, okuvame ukuthi, kuhlangene nezinwele noma axhumane notshani noma izihlahlana, angene otshanini, lapho abuthathwa khona yizilwane ezingagcinwanga - alethwa ekhaya ngezinyawo noma ngoboya.
• Izindlu ezingaphansi. Imigwaqo engaphansi efudumele neyomile lapho amagundane, amagundane, amakati angenamakhaya, abantu abangenakhaya bahlala khona, futhi basuke amabhungane angaphansi. Uma ungakunaki ngenxa yokuhlanzeka endlini, amakhefu azosakazeka ngempumelelo emphemeni, abese ngaphansi kwamandla awo, ezinweleni zezilwane, ezingutsheni zabantu, ayogcina efakwa ezindlini.

Amafishi afihla kuphi efulethini?

Abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi amabafula ahlala esixhotsheni sawo, ngokwesibonelo, kwikati noma inja, lokhu akunjalo. Amaza awaholi amaphakethe futhi awakhi izidleke, futhi njengabazingeli bamahhala bahlasela isisulu ukuba siqede ukomela kwabo igazi, bese becasha ezindaweni eziseceleni.

Noma kunjalo kuqhamukela nje izingxenyana ezimbalwa efulethini futhi kungekudala abakhileyo kulo ngeke babe yindaba ehlekisayo. Amaza anda ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi njengoba engenasidleke esichazwe kahle, izinambuzane zihlakazeka nomaphi lapho ziya khona. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokugxumela kude futhi kude, lonke ifulethi liba yindawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlayiya.

Uma amakati noma izinja zihlala efulethini, khona-ke egqokeni lazo eliwugqinsi, ngemuva kokondliwa okulandelayo, zizalela amaqanda. Amaqanda wezinhlwathi ezinamathele aqale agcotshwe ngokuqinile ejokeni, kodwa bese umila we-mucus namaqanda awela phansi efulethini, futhi lapho lokhu kungeke kubikezelwe.

Izindawo eziphambili lapho kufanele ufune amazeze efulethini elinegciwane:

• phansi nakho konke okusondelene endaweni ephakeme ngamamithaodwa nesigamu,
• ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting, emijondolo nasezintanjeni, ngemuva kokunwebeka kwangemuva kusuka ngezansi,
• okombhede, amakhaphethi nezinye izindawo eziyizintandokazi zokuphumula,
• ezimweni lapho kwakukhona amaza amaningi eflethini - imibhede, amasofa nezingubo zokulala.

Izimo ezingezona ezokuhlanzeka nokungahlanzeki kwezakhamizi ezifuywayo zandisa le nkinga futhi zinikeza amabaxana wonke amathuba okusinda ngempumelelo nokuzala kabusha egumbini ngokuthathwa kwezindawo ezintsha - omakhelwane.

Izimpawu zokubonakala kwamakhaza efulethini

Impela anqume ukubukeka kwamakhaza efulethini futhi ungazihlanganisi njengesibonelo ngezimbungulu zombhede, kufanele uhlole ifulethi ukuthola izimpawu ezisobala kakhulu.

1. Izikhumba nokuziphatha kwezilwane okungajwayelekile - ukukhathalela, ukucasuka kwekati noma inja.
2. Kukhona ukuvuvukala esikhunjeni, okufana nokwaliwa yizinhlungu zomzimba noma izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi uma kungukuthi emilenzeni.
3. Uphawula amachashazi amnyama amnyama phansi noma ifenisha ahamba ngokugxuma okubukhali.

Uma okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezingenhla ivezwe ngokucacile, khona-ke isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukubona ubukhulu bokutheleleka kwefulethi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi kuhlolwe kahle isilwane kanye nemfucumfucu, ukuhlanganisa uvolo eshidini elimhlophe. Amashidi amhlophe ephepha phansi.

Uma kutholakala inani elikhulu lamaphekula efulethini, ukuhlanza okulula okumanzi nge-dichlorvos ngeke kwanele, kodwa hlela ukushushiswa okugcweleyo.

Yini fleas eyingozi ebantwini?

Ukuvela kwamakhaza efulethini kugcina kuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki nakuluma okungathandekiyo yingxenyana encane yalokho konke okungaba yikho.

I-enzyme equkethwe emathebeni wesikelezi ayigcini nje ngokubangela isimila kuluma, iphinde ibangele ukuqaqamba okungathandeki futhi ingapholisa isikhathi eside futhi esibuhlungu. Kulokhu, ukutheleleka kungangena esilondeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingqinamba ngendlela yokuphendula okunamandla kakhulu komzimba zingenzeka.

Ithuba lokutheleleka kwesinye sezifo ezithwalwa ngamakhaza mkhulu. Ama-fleas angadlulisela izifo ezingaphezulu kwama-25 ebantwini, kufaka phakathi i-Bubonic isifo, i-typhus, encephalitis kanye ne-hepatitis. Amaza nawo asabalalisa izibungu zemibungu futhi ayimikhosi emaphakathi ye-worms enkudlwana, efana nematode.

Impilo engeyinhle yesilwane ngezinkinga ezingenzeka, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka ngesikelemu. Ukulunywa njalo kusukela ukulunywa kwenza izilwane zibe novalo. Ubuhlungu buyabuhlukumeza. Izifo ezahlukahlukene zesikhumba kungenzeka, ukwelashwa kuzohlukumeza nezilwane.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwamazehlo efulethini eSt

Uma kutholakala umuntu oyedwa noma ababili efulethini lapho kungekho khona izilwane ezifuywayo, kungenzeka ukuba uchithe izindlela zabantu zokuqeda amabafu. Ama-fleas awabekezeleli iphunga elinokhahlo, imvamisa basebenzisa amaqabunga omhlonyane noma i-Persian tansy, i-sawdust ka-pine noma ukusikwa, ingxube kasawoti wethebula nge-soda noma i-turpentine ejwayelekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi uphikelele futhi ubekezele ngesineke la maphunga ngokwakho noma ushiye efulethini izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kodwa-ke, amakhambi esintu ngeke asasiza kusuka kwikholoni elikhulu le-flea efulethini noma endlini;

Ukubhujiswa kwamakhaza efulethini, endlini, endlini engaphansi kukhiqizwe imishini ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela esheshayo. Kuqinisekiswe Isimanje flea iyabulala ngeke zishiya ithuba elilodwa ezilwaneni, ngenkathi zingalimazi izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ungazivezi engozini yokungenwa yizifo ezidluliselwa yizinambuzane, ungazitholi usizi lokulimala kwezindiza - zona ngokwazo ngeke zishiya ikhaya lakho. Shayela ochwepheshe bensizakalo yethu ye-SES - ngalo lolo suku esiqinisekiswe ngalo ukukusindisa kusuka kumazeze!

Izinhlobo zezinkukhu

Kunemindeni ecishe ibe ngama-22 yamakhaza afaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.

1. I-flea yomuntu yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Isinambuzane esinsundu esifinyelela ku-3.2 mm ubude, sifinyelele phezulu ngo-30 cm, ubude sibe ngama-50 cm. Asinawo amazinyo esifubeni nawekhanda. Suck igazi labantu nezilwane.Uthwele amanxusa okubangela kwenhlupho, yimbangela ye-pulicosis. Igazi limunca imizuzu engama-20, ligaywe amahora ayisithupha.
2. I-Cat flea ingena zonke izilwane, ngisho nabantu. Uthwele izifo eziningi. Izibungu zikhula ezinweleni zezilwane nasezindlini zokulala. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-5 mm, izinsikazi ngaphezulu - kufika ku-1,6 cm. Phila kuze kube yiminyaka emibili.
3. Izinja zezinja zihlala ezinjeni, amakati nakubantu. Uphethe amaflankworms nezinye izinambuzane, ungumgcini we-causative agents wesifo, uchoko, imfiva yaseMarseilles. Isayizi efinyelela ku-5 mm, ihlala iminyaka eyi-1.5.
4. I-Rat flea ibonwa njengezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ezithwala isifo, igundane ne-rat tapeworm. Ubude besifazane bungama-2.7 mm., Abesilisa - 2 mm. Umbala usuka kukhanya onsundu uye ube mnyama. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ezidlekeni.
5. I-Tien Shan flea, njengoba negama lisho, ihlala eTien Shan. Owesifazane ovundisiwe ukhuphuka ngobude, okubenza babukeke njengezibungu. Ubude besilisa buyi-4 mm., Izinsikazi zi-5 mm., Zimnyama. Amapheya aziveza ebusika, asuka ezweni eliqandisiwe aye emzimbeni wezilwane. Izinambuzane kungekudala ziba zikhulu, ziguqule umbala ube mhlophe.
6. I-Grass flea (ubude ifinyelela ku-3 mm.) Iphila ezihlahleni, izihlahlana, otshanini, ngosizo lwezilwane ezifuywayo ingena eflethini. Ihluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngokuba khona kwamaphiko.
7. I-flea engenayo (enesihlabathi, udaka lwaseBrazil) isuka eHaiti, eBrazil. Ubude 1 mm, gxuma ukuphakama kuye kuma-35 mm. Insikazi evundisiwe iba yizingqimba ezibalelwa ku-1 cm. Uhlala ngotshani obomile, ugxumela kubantu, izinyoni nezilwane. Abesilisa baphuza igazi, kanti izinsikazi ziwela ngaphansi kwesikhumba semilenze yezilwane noma izipikili zomuntu, okubangela ukuvuvukala, i-tetanus, okubandakanya i-gangrene, ukunqunywa, futhi kwezinye izimo ukufa.

Bahlukanisa uhlobo - ifishi lombhede elihlala kwifenisha ephakeme, ilineni lombhede (elinye igama lelineni). Ukuluma umuntu ebusuku ezindaweni zomzimba ngesikhumba esinciphile kunazo zonke.

Ahlala kuphi amabafula?

Amaza ahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kufaka phakathi i-Antarctica, ezidlekeni nasemiseleni, emizimbeni yezilwane neyabantu. Zisebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

Abanikazi abaphambili yizilwane ezincelisayo ezifudumele ezinekhaya. Uma isilwane sihlala emgodini (izidleke), amazehlo asihlasela kaningi (kuphela ekondleni). Izilwane ezingenayo indawo yokukhosela ziyindawo yokuhlala yaphakade yama-parasites. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukudla kaningi, ngakho-ke zihlala zisemzimbeni womgcini. Amapheya asemhlabeni ahlala eduze kwesitezi (ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting, kumakhaphethi), amakhethini wekati nezinja ahlala embhedeni wesilwane.

Umjikelezo wempilo, ukuzala nokukhula kwamakhethini

Umjikelezo wempilo we-parasites uqukethe lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

Izinga lokushisa elintofontofo kakhulu lokuzalela ama-degree angama-18-25 (bese bezalanisa unyaka wonke). Baphila sezulu esibandayo, kepha musa ukuzala. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, abalingani bagcwele. Owesifazane ugibela owesilisa emhlane wakhe bese ethatha uzipho ocansini alungene endaweni yokwamukelwa. Ukutshala kuthatha amahora ambalwa, futhi imbewu iya emzimbeni wesifazane kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15.

Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngezingxenye ezincane. Amaqanda insikazi aqhekeka amaqanda amhlophe aqhamuka emzimbeni; akhiwe kude kakhulu nawo. Emavikini amabili kamuva, izibungu ezingenamlenze ezingenamsoco, ezifana nezikelemu, ziyaqhuma kuzo. Bangena ngaphakathi esidlekeni futhi badla izinto ezijikelezayo, i-epithelium yesikhumba, kanye nezinsalela zegazi ezivela ekuchitheni kwabazali. Ngemuva kwama-molts amathathu, izibungu ziba yi-chrysalis (isongwe ngotshokho obunjengosilika). Lesi sigaba sihlala ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kwezinyanga ezimbalwa (kuya ngesimo sezulu). Lapho kuvela ufishi olusuka kupupa, ngokushesha lufuna umnikazi.

Ingozi yamabaxaka kubantu nasezilwaneni

Ingozi enkulu yezinambuzane izifo zabo ezahlukahlukene, amagciwane nezifo. Emzimbeni wezinye izinhlobo kunezinhlobo zamagciwane ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ezibangela izifo ezibulalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-allergy to flea Enzymes enezimpawu zokuphawulwa (ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa, umkhuhlane) kungaqhamuka.

Amaza amluma kanjani umuntu?

Isikhafu sigobisa isikhumba ngokulunywa, sibangele ukugwazwa kobuhlungu nokulunywa yisineke. Kodwa-ke, ayihlanganisi into yokubulala izinzwa, kepha yazisa ama-enzyme avimbela ukugcwala kwegazi. Njengoba isibungu singenawo umqubuko onjengomiyane, kufanele singene ngaphakathi kwesikhumba ukuze singene emgodini wegazi. Indawo yokuluma igxila njengokushiswa kukagwayi. Ngemuva kokuthi ufishi lugcwele, amanxeba ayahlangana, angavumeli igazi ukuphuma.

Umuntu ngamunye usabela ngokukuluma okuhlukile. Kwamanye, ukulunywa kudlula ngokushesha, kwezinye, izimpawu zokuvuvukala ziqhubeka izinsuku eziningana. Nge-pulicosis, isikhumba siyavuvukala, izilonda ziyavela kwi-mucosa yomlomo, futhi uhlelo lwesistimu yezinzwa luyathinteka. Ukusabela okungekuhle kokulimala komuntu, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, isisu esidabukisayo.

Amaza avela kuphi efulethini?

Amaza angena efulethini hhayi ngosizo lwezilwane ezifuywayo. Bangena ngaphakathi, komakhelwane, kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezingcolile. Izimo ezingezona ezingcolile ziyindawo enhle yokuthuthuka nokuphila kwezinhlaka. Amapheya asemakhaya ahlala ngemuva kwamabhodi e-skirting, emifantwini eyakhiwe phansi ngamapulangwe, kumakhaphethi, amarobhothi, ifenisha ephakeme kanye nemibhede.

Ungakuqonda kanjani ukuthi amakhethini alimele ekhaya?

Amapheya asekhaya awazona izinhlobo ezihlukile. Kubizwa izinambuzane ezihlala eflethini. Abatholakali ngokushesha. Ukubona ukuthi ngabe kukhona izinambuzane ekhaya noma cha, ungenza isivivinyo. Udinga ukusakaza ishidi elimhlophe phansi bese ulibheka ngemuva kwesikhashana. Izinambuzane ezimnyama zibonakala kahle ngemuva kokukhanya. Olunye uphawu lokubonakala “kwezivakashi ezingamenyiwe” izimpawu zokulimala emzimbeni womuntu - amabala abomvu, avuvukala okuvela ekuseni, amnandi kakhulu.

Ungahlukaniswa kanjani?

Kuyadingeka ukulwa nama-parasites, izidakamizwa zesimanje zizosiza ngisho nasezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi izinambuzane zivelaphi endlini. Ngakho-ke, uma ezifuywayo ziletha amaza, kudingeka zelaphe. Uma izimuncagazi zikhuphuka zisuka egumbini elingaphansi noma komakhelwane, vala izikhala ekhona. Ukuqeda imichilo ekhaya, sincoma ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane zesimanje ezingenawo iphunga elizwelayo futhi ezingalimazi abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo.