I-Wildebeest (kaningi kakhulu i-wildebeest, lat. I-Connochaetes) luhlobo lwezilwane ezinkulu ezingahlanzekile ezihlala e-Afrika. I-Wildebeest ingumndeni wama-bovid. Uhlobo lwasolwandle lwakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili - izilwane zasendle ezimnyama nezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Wildebeest ifinyelela ubude obungu-1.15-1.4 m emahlombe kanye nesisindo somzimba kusuka ku-150 kuye kuma-250 kg. Bahlala ema-savannahs e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ama-Serengeti. I-Wildebeest ingaba nesikhathi sokuphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20.

Ukufuduka konyaka konyaka kwezihlahlana zasendle kwaziwa kabanzi, lapho imihlambi yezinyamazane ihamba iye emadolobheni amasha, lapho kuvela khona isikhathi esiyinkathi yemvula - utshani obuphansi. Izinkathi zokufuduka okukhulu kunakho konke ngoMeyi nangoNovemba, ngoMeyi 1.5 izilwane ezisuka emathafeni ziye emahlathini, kuthi ngoNovemba, ngemuva kwezikhathi zemvula, ziphinde zibuye.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukuba ngamasonto amathathu. Ukuzala kabusha akuvunyelwe kuphela esikhathini esithile sonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-8.5, udoti owodwa, kuyaqabukela amawundlu amabili. Esimweni seviki elilodwa, amathole aqala ukuzondla ngotshani, isikhathi sokukhishwa yizinyanga ezingama-7-8.

I-Wildebeest iyingxenye ebalulekile yamathafa ecosystem, njengoba izidumbu zazo zivundulula inhlabathi. I-Wildebeest nayo ingumthombo obalulekile wokudla. Kodwa-ke, badume ngomonakalo abawenzayo ngesikhathi sendiza. Imvamisa yasendle iba ngumhlambi wezilwane ezingama-500 ngejubane lama-55 km / h cishe isigamu sehora.

Ukubukeka

Ukuvela kwalezi zilwane akujwayelekile kakhulu; akunasizathu sokuthi bahlukaniswe yindawo ekhethekile yezinyoni zezinkomo. Lapho ubheka kuqala izihlahla zasolwandle unikeza umbono wenkunzi: ubukhulu obukhulu (ukuphakama emaphethelweni angafinyelela ku-140 cm, nesisindo ngokwesilinganiso esingama-200-250 kg), inhloko enkulu enesizalo esindayo nezimpondo ezimfishane, ezisontekile zibonisa ukuthi sinesibalo esikhulu izinkomo. Kodwa imilenze emincane, ephakeme ne-gallop elula esheshayo kukhombisa ukuthi sibhekene ne-anelope.

Kunokunye okungaqondakali kokubukeka kokwezinyoni zasendle: engaphansi kwasesizalweni nasezintanjeni kukhona ukumiswa okunzima kwezinwele njengezimbuzi zezintaba, entanjeni yentamo kukhona i-mane engajwayelekile njengehhashi, umsila omncane onenqwaba yezinwele ezinde ekugcineni njengembongolo, nezwi kufana ne-jerky ne-nasal moo yenkomo. Kubukeka sengathi lesi sengezo saso siqoqwe ngemininingwane yezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Umbala wenyama yasendle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungwevu omnyama ngemivimbo ebonakalayo engabonakali kahle emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo lunezihlobo zenyama yasendle eneentshebe ezimhlophe ezinenwele emhlophe emhlophe. Izilwane zasendle ezinomsila omhlophe zicishe zibe mnyama ngomsila omhlophe nonesihlahla; ngaphandle, le nhlobo ifana kakhulu nehhashi elinezimpondo.

Izinhlobo ze-Antelope

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-antelopes akuyona njalo futhi okwamanje kufaka phakathi imindeni eyisisekelo eyisi-7, efaka izinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo:

• I-Wildebeest noma i-wildebeest (lat.Connochaetes)- I-antelope yase-Afrika, luhlobo lwezilwane ze-artiodactyl ze-Bubal subfamily, kufaka nezinhlobo ezi-2: zasendle emnyama nezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

• Imfezi emnyamayena i-wildebeest emhlophe noma i-wildebeest esejwayelekile (lat.Connochaetes gnou)- Olunye lwezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zezingwe zase-Afrika. U-Antelope uhlala eNingizimu Afrika. Ukukhula kwesilisa cishe cishe kuya ku-11-161 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 enesisindo somzimba esingu-160 kuye kuma-270 kg, kuthi izinsikazi zithobeke kancanyana ngosayizi kuya kwabesilisa. Izindondo zabobabili ubulili zimdaka onsundu noma zimnyama, izinsikazi zilula kunabesilisa, futhi imisila yezilwane ihlala imhlophe.

• I-Blue Wildebeest (lat.Connochaetes taurinus)likhulu kancane kunelimnyama. Ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezintuthwane kungama-115-145 cm anesisindo esingu-168 kuya ku-274 kg. Izinyoni zasendle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zathola igama lazo ngenxa yombala wejazi eliluhlaza okotshani, nemivimbo emnyama mpo, efana ne-zebra, zitholakala ezinhlangothini zezilwane. Umsila ne-mane ye-antelopes imnyama, izimpondo zohlobo lwenkomo, zimnyama grey noma zimnyama. I-Blue wildebeest ihlukaniswa ngokudla okukhetha kakhulu: izinyamazane zidla amakhambi ezinhlobo ezithile, ngakho-ke ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezinemvula nokudla okudingekile lapho sekukhulile.

• Nyala noma plain nyala (lat.Tragelaphus angasii) -Ithala lesiphondo lase -African elisuka e-subfamily bovine ne-genus ehlathini. Ukukhula kwezilwane kucishe kube yi-110 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bufika ku-140 cm. Amaduna eNyala akhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kulula kakhulu ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane: izinsikazi ezinombala onsomi zigqoka izimpondo zesikhafu ezinamathiphu amhlophe angama-60 kuye kwangama-83 cm, zibe ne-mane eshintshashintshayo egijima ngemuva, nezinwele ezigobekile zilenga kusuka phambi kwentamo kuya egreyini. Izintokazi zaseNyala azinazimpondo futhi zihlukaniswa ngumbala onsundu. Kubantu bobabili ubulili, imivimbo efinyelela ku-18 yemibala emhlophe ibonakala kahle ezinhlangothini.

• Ukubuka okuhlobene - intaba nyala (lat.tragelaphus buxtoni), ehlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa ne-nyala engenalutho. Ubude bomzimba womuthi wezintaba buyi-150-180 cm, ukuphakama kwabuna cishe imitha eyi-1, izimpondo zabesilisa zifinyelela ku-1 m ubude. Isisindo se-antelope siyahluka phakathi kuka-150 no-300 kg. Uhlobo luhlala lodwa esifundeni sezintaba sase-Ethiopia Esiphezulu kanye ne-East African Rift Valley.

• I-antelope yamahhashiyena i-roan ihhashi antelope (lat.Hippotragus equinus)- Isithabathaba sombondo wase-Afrika we-saber-uphondo, ongomunye wabamele abomndeni abakhulu kakhulu obude bungamamitha ayi-1,6 nesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-300 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-227- 288. Ngokubonakala kwaso, isilwane sifana nehhashi. Ijazi eliminyene le-antelope linombala onsundu onsomi ngombala obomvu, futhi imaskhi emnyama nomhlophe 'ipendwe' ebusweni. Amakhanda abantu bobabili ubulili ahlotshiswe ngezindlebe eziphakeme ngamakhekhe ezinkambeni nezimpondo ezicijile kahle eziqondiswe emuva emuva.

• I-Bongo (lat.Tragelaphus eurycerus)-Izinhlobo ezingandile ze-antelope yase-Afrika ezibhalwe ku-International Red Book. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingokwasenkulukazi esebusika kanye nohlobo lwethafa lasehlathini. I-Bongos ziyizilwane ezinkulu: ukuphakama ekushwabeni kokuqothuka kwabantu abavuthiwe kufinyelela ku-1-1.3 m, futhi isisindo singama-200 kg. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlukaniswa ngombala obomvana obomvu, obomvu njengobhontshisi omhlophe ezinhlangothini zabo, iziqhingi zoboya obumhlophe emilenzeni yabo nendawo enhle yenyanga esifubeni.

• I-antelope enezimpondo ezine (lat.Tetracerus quadricornis)- i-anelope engavamile yase-Eshiya kanye nommeleli kuphela wama-bovid, ikhanda lakhe elihlotshisiwe hhayi nge-2, kodwa ngezimpondo ezi-4. Ukukhula kwalezi zinsika kungaba ngu-55-54 cm onesisindo somzimba esingadluli kuma-22 kg. Umzimba wezilwane umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu, ezihlukanisa nesisu esimhlophe. Abesilisa kuphela abaphethe izimpondo: umbhangqwana ongaphambili wezimpondo ufinyelela ku-4 cm, futhi esikhathini esiningi cishe awabonakali, izimpondo zangemuva zikhula zize zifinyelele ku-10 cm ukuphakama. I-antelope enezimpondo ezine idla otshanini futhi ihlala ehlathini laseNdiya naseNepal.

• Cow antelopeyena Hlangana, bubuthi be-steppe noma i-bubal ejwayelekile (lat.Alcelaphus buselaphus)- Lesi isithasiselo sase-Afrika esivela ku-Bubal subfamily. AmaCononis ayizilwane ezinkulu ezinobude obungamamitha ayi-1,3 nobude bomzimba kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Isichotho senkomo sinesisindo esingama-200 kg. Ngokuya ngo-subspecies, umbala woboya beCongo uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya kofishi obumnyama, kuphathelene nephethini emnyama evele esihlakaleni, kuthi amamaki amnyama asemilenzeni. Izimpondo zikanokusho ezifika ku-70 cm ubude zigqokwa ngabantu bobabili ubulili; ukwakheka kwazo kuyinyanga ye-crescent, egobile emaceleni kuya phezulu.

• I-Black Antelope (lat.Hippotragus niger) - I-antelope yase-Afrika, engokwaluphi uhlobo lwezinsika ezilinganayo, umndeni wama-antelope anezimpondo ze-saber. Ukukhula komthambo omnyama kungaba ngu-130 cm onesisindo somzimba esifinyelela kuma-230 kg. Amadoda amadala ahlukaniswa umbala omnyama onsundu, ohlukanisa kahle isisu esimhlophe. Amaduna nezinsikazi ezincane zinombala onsomi noma onsundu. Izimpondo, zigobekile emuva ku-semicircle futhi enenqwaba yezindandatho, zinabantu bobabili ubulili.

• Kanna unjalo i-canna ejwayelekile (lat. Taurotragus oryx)- antelope enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphandle, i-canna ibukeka njengenkomo, imncanyana nje kuphela, nobukhulu besilwane bumhlaba umxhwele: ukuphakama lapho ukuncipha kwabantu abadala kungamamitha ayi-1.5, ubude bomzimba bufika kumamitha ayi-2-3, kanti isisindo somzimba singasukela ku-500 kuye ku-1000 kg. I-canna ejwayelekile inejazi elinombala ophuzi, eliba mpunga ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka entanyeni namahlombe ngobudala. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa yimisipha yesikhumba entanyeni kanye nesixakaxaka sobunwele esinqeni. Izici ezihlukile zozungezandlebe zivela emigqeni ekhanyayo emibili kuya kwayi-15 ngaphambili kwesiqu, amahlombe amakhulu nezimpondo eziqondile ezihlobisa abesifazane nabesilisa.

• I-antelope antelopeyena imfene (lat I-Neotragus pygmaeus) - okuncane kunakho konke kwezingulule, kungokwalabo abangaphansi kwezitha zangempela. Ukukhula kwesilwane esidala kufinyelela kancane ku-20-23 cm (kuyaqabukela ku-30 ​​cm) ngesisindo somzimba esingu-1.5 kuye ku-3.6 kg. Isichotho esisebangeni elisanda kuzalwa sinesisindo esingama-300 g futhi singangena entanjeni yomuntu. Izingalo zezinyamazane zesizalo zinde kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka bekhathazeka izilwane ziyakwazi ukweqa kuze kufike ku-2,5 m ubude. I-antelope emfushane idla amaqabunga nezithelo.

• I-Common Gazelle (lat.Gazella gazella)- isilwane esivela ekuhlolweni kwangempela kwezitha zangempela. Ubude bomzimba we-gazelle buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-98-115 cm, isisindo - ukusuka ku-16 kuye ku-29,5 kg. Izinsikazi zilula ukwedlula abesilisa futhi zingamasentimitha ayi-10 ubukhulu.Umzimba wensana ejwayelekile mncane, intamo kanye nemilenze yinde, i-croup yesigaxa somqhele sigqoka umsila ubude obungu-8-13 cm. Izimpondo zamaduna zifinyelela ku-22-29 cm ubude, kwabesifazane izimpondo zimfushane - zingu-6 kuphela -12 cm. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezi zinhlobo yimivimbo emhlophe ebusweni enwebeka isuka ezimpondweni ibheke ngamehlo iye ekhaleni lesilwane.

• I-Impala noma i-antelope enobuso obumnyama (lat.Aepyceros melampus). Ubude bomzimba wabamele balezinhlobo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-120-160 cm ukuphakama lapho kubuna ngo-75-95 cm nesisindo esingama-40 kuye kuma-80 kg. Abesilisa bagqoka izimpondo ezimise okwenziwe ngo-lyre, ubude bawo buvame ngaphezu kwama-90 cm. Umbala wejazi umdaka, futhi izinhlangothi zilula kancane. Isisu, indawo yesifuba, kanye nentamo nesilevu kumhlophe. Ezinyaweni ezingemuva ezinhlangothini zombili kunemivimbo emnyama egqamile, futhi ngaphezulu kwezinselo kukhona isigaxa sezinwele ezimnyama. Uhla lwezinto ezifakwayo luhlanganisa iKenya, i-Uganda, luze luwelele ososheni beNingizimu Afrika nasendaweni yaseBotswana.

• USaiga noma i-saiga (lat.Saiga tatarica) - isilwane esivela ekuhlolweni kwangempela kwezitha zangempela. Ubude bomzimba we-saiga busuka ku-110 kuya ku-146 cm, isisindo sisuka kuma-23 kuye kwangama-40 kg, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kukhona amasentimitha angama-60-80. Umzimba unesimo esidlule, izitho zizacile futhi zimfushane impela. Abathwali bezimpondo ezinamabala anombala ophuzi njengamadoda kuphela. Isici esibonakalayo sokubonakala kwama-saigas yikhala: libukeka njengesigaxa esithambile esiseduze esinamakhalenda asondele kakhulu futhi linikeza isizalo sesilwane okuthile.

• UZebra Duker (lat.Cephalophus zebra)- isilwane esivela kubabhekisi behlathi bohlobo. Ubude bomzimba wedukhi bungamasentimitha angama-70-90 anesisindo esingama-9 kuye kwangama-20 kg nokuphakama lapho kubuna ngamasentimitha angama-40-50. Umzimba wesilwane ungumbele, unemisipha ekhuliswe kahle kanye nokugoba kwesimilo ngemuva. Imilenze imfishane enezimpuphu zihlukanisiwe. Bobabili ubulili banezimpondo ezimfushane. Uboya besidleke se-zebra buhlukaniswa ngombala wewolintshi okhanyayo, iphethini le- “zebra” lemivimbo emnyama libonakala kahle emzimbeni - inani labo liyahlukahluka kusuka kwezingu-12 kuye kwezingu-15.

• I-Jeyran (lat.Gazella subgutturosa)- Isilwane esiqhamuka ezinjeni, umndeni wama-bovid. Ubude bomzimba we-gazelle buqhamuka ku-93 kuya ku-116 cm ngesisindo esingu-18 kuya ku-33 kg kanye nokuphakama lapho kubuna ngamasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-75. Izingemuva ezingemuva nezinhlangothi zephunga ngesihlabathi, isisu, intamo nezitho zimhlophe ngaphakathi. Isihloko somsila sihlala simnyama. Ezilwaneni ezincane, iphethini esesifubeni is ivezwa ngokucacile: imelelwa yindawo emnyama ekhaleni kanye nemivimbo emnyama evela kude emehlweni kuya emakhoneni omlomo.

Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila

Izinyoni zasendle zihlala emaphaketheni ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Zikhetha indawo ngotshani obuningi. Uma umhlambi owodwa uthathe ingxenye ethile yensimu, omunye awusebenzi. Kunzima ukucabanga ngokudla kwe-antelope ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhambi. Isimo sezulu sase-Afrika siyingqayizivele impela, futhi isimo sezulu lapha siyashintsha. Ukuze zingabulawa yindlala, izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zishintshe indawo yazo yokuhlala kaningana ngonyaka. Ama-Antelope awahlali emaphaketheni amakhulu, angahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. UWildebeest usinda ngokuthula enkampanini encane. Abantu ababili noma abathathu bazokwanela.

Ekubukeni kokuqala, izinyamazane zibonakala zizilwane ezimbi impela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zingabi yingozi kwezinye izilwane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bona uqobo banezitha eziningi. Kunabaningi bezinyanya abajabulayo ngokufuna ukuzidlela. Ama-Antelope awanamandla phambi kwamabhubesi nezingwenya. Izilwane ezinjalo zidinga inyama eningi ukuze ziphile. Ibhubesi elifanayo linzima impela ukuzingela ezinye izilwane zobukhulu obufanayo, ngakho-ke lizingela izitha zazo. Njengoba kushiwo, bahlala emihlambini emincane, ngakho-ke akekho umuntu ongabavikela.

Namuhla azikho iziningi zezingwe ezisele. Iqiniso lokuthi zingukudla okuyinhloko kwezinye izilwane endaweni yazo kude nesizathu kuphela. Emashumi eminyaka edlule, ukuzingela kwasendle kwakudume kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho bacishe bafa ezandleni zabantu.

Isimilo

Uhlobo lwezinyoni zasendle luyamangaza. Ngokuyisisekelo, zibukeka njengezinkomo ezijwayelekile ezinokuthula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zihlaselwa ukuhlaselwa okungaqondakali, lapho izilwane ngokuzumayo zikhahlela, zigxume endaweni eyodwa, noma zikwethuke umzuzwana owodwa ziphume endaweni yokugcwala umhlambi wonke. Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Izinyoni zasendle zinesikhashana futhi zivame ukuhlasela ama-herbivores amancane aseduze.

Umsoco

I-Wildebeest idla amakhambi ezinhlobo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni eziningi zomhlambi, izilwane zasendle zihlala ngendlela yokuphila okufudukayo, zifuduka kabili ngonyaka ziye lapho lina khona futhi kukhona nezitshalo zokudla ezifanele. Umuthi wasendle oshukumisayo, owelulwa ngamaketanga angapheli kusuka emkhathizweni kuya phezulu noma ngezixuku ezingenakubalwa ezisakazeke ngasesiteji, ungumbono othokozisayo futhi oyingqayizivele. Ezindaweni ezivinjelwe ngokwemvelo, njengasesigodini saseNgorongoro, izilwane zasendle azihambi, kepha zihamba njalo nje ngosuku ukusuka emthambekeni ziye ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kulele khona izindawo zokunisela. Emanzini, izilwane ziphumula isikhathi eside, zigoqa emhlane wazo, njengamahhashi, ziyadlala.

Ukufuduka kwe-Antelope

I-Wildebeest iyisidalwa esingenakuzisiza. Kepha akuyona le mfanelo ebenza bafuduke, kepha izimvula ezihanjiswa yizilwane. Ama-Antelopes ane-herbivorous futhi awakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingenamvula, lapho kunokudla okuncane, ngakho-ke ahlala edlulela emadlelweni amasha. NgoJulayi, basuka eSerengeti reservation baya kwezinye izindawo, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana - babuyela emuva.

Endleleni, izilwane ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo ziyaqothulwa, ezingase ziwele ngemuva komhlambi noma ziwe emqubeni wezinyamazane. Ukufuduka kwasendle kwenzeka okokuqala kusuka eningizimu kuye enyakatho, bese kuya ngaphesheya. Isiqongo saso sidlula eMfuleni iMara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zihlala zithuthwa endaweni efanayo. Abavakashi abaningi bayahamba bayobuka ukufuduka kwezintokazi (futhi ukubona kuhle impela futhi kuyamangaza) minyaka yonke. Ukuhamba kwezilwane kungabonakala kusuka phezulu (kusuka kumabhaluni) noma ezimotweni eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile uhambo lokuvakasha.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ugwadule lwasendle luqala ngo-Ephreli futhi luqhubeke izinyanga ezintathu, kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abesilisa behlela imidlalo yokuzalela nezimpi zobunikazi be-harem. Ngaphambi kokubulala nokuchitha igazi, akufinyeleli. Abesilisa abasesimweni esibi kakhulu bazibopha emaqhugwaneni, baguqe bodwa. Lowo onqobayo uthola impahla yakhe egcwele. Labo abalahlekileyo baphoqeleka ukuba bazikhawulele komunye noma kwababili.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwakheka okuthokozisayo kwemihlambi yezilwane zasendle nezifudukayo. Emaqenjini afudukayo kukhona abantu bobabili ubulili nabobudala bonke.Futhi kuleyo mhlambi eholela ekuxazululeni indlela yokuphila, izinsikazi ezinamawundlu zidla ngokwehlukana kuze kube unyaka. Futhi abesilisa bazakhela amaqembu abo, bawashiye ekukhulelweni futhi bazame ukuthola eyabo indawo.

Izinyoni zasendle zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-8, ngakho-ke inzalo izalwa ebusika kuphela - ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari, ngesikhathi kuphela isikhathi semvula, futhi akukho ukushoda kokudla.

Utshani obusha abukhuli ngokuxhuma nangemikhawulo, njengamathole asanda kuzalwa. Sekuyimizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ngemuva kokuzalwa, amathole asobala emi emilenzeni yawo, kuthi ngemuva kwehora agijime ngenhliziyo yonke.

Njengomthetho, i-antelope eyodwa izala ithole elilodwa, elincane kaningi - amabili. Idla ngobisi ize ifinyelele ezinyangeni eziyi-8, yize izingane ziqala ukucubungula utshani besebusika kakhulu. Ingane ingaphansi kokugada kukamama kwezinye izinyanga eziyi-9 ngemuva kokuphelelwa ubisi, futhi yilapho kuphela-ke eseqala ukuzihlalela yona. Uvuthwa ngocansi eneminyaka eyi-4.

Kuyathakazelisa! Kumathole amathathu asanda kuzalwa e-Wildebeest, yi-1 eyodwa kuphela eqhubeka unyaka. Abanye baba izisulu zabazingeli.

Izitha zezitha

Izitha eziphambili ze-antelope ama-hyenas, amabhubesi, izingwenya, izidleke, izingwe kanye namabhungane. Izilwane eziningi zifa ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Ukukhetha kwemvelo kwenzeka. Weaker futhi ogulayo ngemuva emhlambini futhi babe inyamazane elula izinyamazane. Futhi lapho uwela imifula, izingwenya azihlaseli ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa linda kuze kube yilapho imihlambi inqamula ngaphesheya. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlasela ama-laggards kusuka kuningi. Izinyoka eziningi, ezingaphambili, zimane zinyathelwa ngabazalwane bexhuma ngemuva bevela ngemuva. Futhi izidumbu eziningi zezilwane zihlala osebeni. Izinsalela ezidliwayo zisheshe zidliwe yizimpisi nama-hyenas. Kepha ngokufanayo, izithondana azikwazi ukubizwa njengezingenakuzivikela. Umhlambi ongqongqoziwe ungabuyisa ngisho nokuhlaselwa ngamabhubesi. Lezi zamuva zizama nokuhlasela izilwane ezibuthakathaka kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyamazane zizama ukuxosha ukukhula komhlambi emhlanjini.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ngekhulu le-19, kwakukhona ukuzingela okusebenzayo kweWildebeest, bobabili abantu bendawo kanye nabaphathi bamakhosi beBoer, ababondla izilwane zabo ngenyama yalaba basebenzi. Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Baphaphama ngo-1870 kuphela, lapho kwakungekho ngaphezu kwe-600 Wildebeest ephila kulo lonke elase-Afrika.

Ukusindiswa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothuka kwahanjelwa yigagasi lesibili lamaBhuloni amakoloni. Bakha izindawo eziphephile zezinsalela zezinkomo zasendle ezisindayo. Kancane kancane, inani lezinwele eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka labuyiselwa, kodwa izinhlobo ezinomsila omhlophe zingatholakala namuhla kuphela ezindaweni ezigciniwe.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-antelope

• Enye into ethokozisayo yezinyoni zasendle eseyimfihlakalo kososayensi. Iqembu lezilwane ezalusa ngokuzolile ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesizathu, liqala umdanso ophusile, lenza ama-jumat amakhulu kanye namalambu avela endaweni leyo, kanye nokushaya ngemilenze yangasemuva. Ngemuva komzuzu, "ikhwela" libuye liphele kungazelelwe, futhi izilwane ziyaqhubeka zicindezela ngokuthula utshani, kube sengathi akwenzekanga lutho.
• Ngaphezu kwejazi eliyinhloko, ama-jumpers (Latin Oreotragus oreotragus) anezinwele ezingenalutho ezixhunywe ngokukhululekile nesikhumba, okuyinto ejwayelekile kuphela kulolu hlobo lwe-antelope nethanga elimhlophe.
• Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, intamo ende kanye nokwakheka kwamalunga obufazi kuvumela izilwane ukuba zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva futhi, zincike phambili lwazo esiqwini sesihlahla, zifinyelele emagatsheni ezihlahla, njengezindlulamithi.
• Izilo zasendle ziyizilwane ezingenakuphumula. Ngokubheka ukuthi banezwekazi lonke abanalo, bayafuduka ezindaweni ngezindawo unyaka wonke: ngoMeyi baduka emathafeni baye emahlathini, futhi ngoNovemba babuye.
• Baphuza kakhulu futhi bathande ukuphumula ngasemanzini. Uma kungekho zidli zezilwane eduze komgodi wokunisela, i-Wildebeest iyokujabulela ukuhlalela odakeni bese idlala, ikujabulele ukuphola.
• Izilo zasendle zinezitha eziningi: amabhubesi nezinja ezinjenge-hyena-kungaba nokubamba isilwane esidala, kuyilapho izingwe kanye nezinyamazane ezinamahloni zisenza amathole. Benza lokhu ebusuku, lapho izitha zithuthumela kalula, njengoba phakathi nosuku umama engeke ayicasule ingane yakhe.
• Umjaho uqala ngo-Ephreli futhi uqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa balwela ukutholwa nabesifazane. Abaphumelele ngokukhethekile banganqoba abesifazane abangu-10-12, kuyilapho izimbangi zabo zineliswa ngababili noma abathathu.
• NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, kwavela amathole amancane, embozwe ngoboya obudaka. Wonke umhlambi usephutheni ukubingelela ilungu elisha lomndeni futhi umama kufanele alwe ngokweqiniso nezihlobo ezinothando, ngaphandle kwalokho bazomane banyathela usana olusanda kuzalwa.

Lalela izwi lezinyoni zasolwandle

Phezu kobukhulu obuhle bezilwanyana zasendle azinakuzetheza. Ukufuduka kwezilwane kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. NgoMeyi, bashiya ihlathi emathafeni, kwathi ekwindla, endaweni ethile ngoNovemba, babuyela ehlathini. Ngisho naphakathi nosuku, izinkungu ezisuka emadlelweni asemithambekeni yezintaba ziye emgodini wokunisela onyaweni. Ukuziphatha kwezilwane okunjalo kuyabonakala e-Ngorongoro Crater, lapho kunezithiyo eziningi zemvelo futhi indawo ibiyelwe kungathi ivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

I-Wildebeest neNdlovu.

Kepha ukungabi nabulungisa kukaGnu kuchazwa kalula. Ekudleni, anamafutha amaningi futhi adla kuphela uhlobo oluthile lotshani. Lokhu kubenza bazulazule izinsuku ekugcineni beyofuna ukudla okumnandi nokuthandekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombana ziyizixuku ezinkulu futhi zithanda ukuphumula eduze komgodi wokunisela. Izilo zasendle ezinenjabulo zilala odakeni futhi ziyashonisa emanzini, zithokozela ubumnandi nokuswakama okunika impilo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye qaphela ukubukeka kwezitha zabo.

Impi yezulu.

Izinyamazane zasendle zizingelwa yizinyamazane eziningi. Lawa ngamabhubesi, amahlosi nezinja ze-hyenoid. Bonke bathanda ukudla inyama ethambile nenamafutha yezilwane ezindala. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukuhlasela ntambama. Kodwa ama-hyenas nezingwe azinandaba nokudla amawundlu, futhi zihlala zizingela ebusuku. Ebusuku, i-Wildebeest ihluleka ukuzivikela futhi iwele ukwethuka okusendle. Ntambama, izisulu azizifaki engcupheni yokuhlasela, insikazi izohlala inika ukubuyisa okufanele futhi ivikele ingane yayo.

Izilo zasendle ziyisisulu esiyintandokazi sezingwe, amabhubesi nemifino.

Entwasahlobo, i-wildebeest iqala. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi nehlobo, owesilisa ngamunye uzama ukuzuza abesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Abesilisa abanohlonze nabaphumelela kakhulu banabesifazane abayi-10 - 15, abesilisa abancane kangaka. Well, losers are waneliswa nabesifazane abangu-1-3.

I-hyena ilandelela umhlambi wezinyoni zasendle.

Amathole amancane avela ngoFebhuwari - Mashi. Bazalelwa ejokeni elithambile loboya, umbala omuhle onsundu. Izilwane zasendle zinomkhuba wokubingelela ngenhlanhla ithole elisanda kuzalwa, okungaholela ekutheni izihlobo ezinothando zimane zichithe inkonyane. Ngakho-ke, umama uvikela kakhulu ngentshiseko usana olusanda kuzalwa ezihlotsheni.

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